EP0312446A1 - Cooling arrangement for microwave circuits - Google Patents

Cooling arrangement for microwave circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0312446A1
EP0312446A1 EP88402568A EP88402568A EP0312446A1 EP 0312446 A1 EP0312446 A1 EP 0312446A1 EP 88402568 A EP88402568 A EP 88402568A EP 88402568 A EP88402568 A EP 88402568A EP 0312446 A1 EP0312446 A1 EP 0312446A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
blade
central conductor
central
microwave
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Granted
Application number
EP88402568A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0312446B1 (en
Inventor
Roland Guilbert
Bernard Dhont
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/005—Cooling methods or arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/46—Loop coupling devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cooling devices for microwave circuits and more particularly to a cooling device for microwave tubes, in particular high power klystrons.
  • microwave circuits and in particular the microwave power tubes. It is conventional to cool various rooms in the klystrons by having coolant circulation pipes around certain rooms. In particular, the collector which receives the electron beam is cooled. Cooling circuits are also provided for the various cavities and in any case for the outlet cavity at which it is most likely that electrons diverge and strike the walls of the cavity. To remedy this, the cavity is enveloped by a jacket inside which a circulation of a cooling fluid is ensured.
  • a first pipe is used for the arrival of the cold fluid coming from a source of fluid and a second pipe distinct from the first for the return of the fluid that has warmed up after passing around the hot room.
  • This coupling is mainly constituted by a coaxial cable formed of a hollow central conductor having a thickness and a predetermined length, and an outer conductor, the diameter of this conductor being obviously greater than the central diameter. A vacuum is established between these two conductors.
  • a first object of the invention therefore consists in producing a cooling device for microwave circuit having in particular the advantage of not increasing the size of the circuit; this circuit comprising a coaxial cable provided with an inner central conductor and an outer conductor for transporting microwave power energy; the cooling device comprising an inlet channel and a return channel produced by means of the central conductor of the cable, this central conductor comprising for this purpose a blade, the blade being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the conductor so as to form from conductors, two conduits each constituting the two channels.
  • Another object of the invention consists in producing a cooling device for a microwave tube and in particular for a tube of the very high power amplifier klystron type, comprising a microwave signal output coupling circuit, which comprises a coaxial cable provided a central, internal, cylindrical, hollow conductor having a predetermined thickness and length, and an external conductor inside which the central conductor is placed, the vacuum being established in the space between these two conductors;
  • the cooling device being characterized in that it comprises an inlet channel and a channel for the return of the cooling fluid constituted by the central conductor which for this comprises a blade housed inside the conductor and which separates this conductor longitudinally in two conduits each forming one of these channels.
  • the invention also relates to a cooling device for klystron in which the coupling circuit comprises a coaxial cable whose central conductor is hollow cylindrical; this device being characterized in that the blade which is housed inside the central conductor has a width substantially equal to the internal diameter of this conductor so as to be maintained in a plane corresponding to a median plane of the conductor.
  • the invention also relates to a cooling device for klystron in which the blade which is placed inside the central conductor, is fixed at one of the two ends to a termination comprising an intake opening and an opening d evacuation of the coolant, this blade being fixed at the other end or to another blade which is fixed to a central part placed inside a cavity, the circulation of the fluid being established around the central part ; either directly to this central room.
  • the invention also relates to a cooling device for klystron in which the coupling circuit comprises a coaxial cable whose central conductor is hollow and has a section of rectangular shape, this device being characterized in that the central conductor consists of two parts extending longitudinally between which a blade is housed, this blade being fixed to each of these parts so as to form two separate conduits, each forming one of the channels.
  • FIG 1 there is shown the cooling device according to the invention seen in section along a median plane taken in the longitudinal direction. There is also shown a section a-a along a transverse plane.
  • the diagram is a block diagram of the cooling device according to the invention. This diagram therefore represents a microwave coupling between two microwave circuits whose nature depends on the particular application which is made, and which it is not necessary to specify from this principle diagram.
  • the coupling consists of a coaxial cable 1 intended for transporting very high power microwave energy from an upstream circuit 2 to a downstream circuit 3, the cable 1 and the downstream circuit 3 having to be cooled.
  • the cable 1 comprises an inner central conductor 10, hollow, of rectangular or cylindrical shape, and an outer conductor 11 in principle of rectangular or cylindrical shape, arranged around the central conductor, a space 12 constituting an electrical insulator of predetermined thickness separating these two conductors.
  • the conductors 10 and 11 have a length and a thickness which are predetermined according to the particular application envisaged, the skilled person determining these parameters in a conventional manner.
  • the inner conductor 10 is held in place inside the outer conductor 11 by any conventional means, either by the use of dielectric, or that these conductors have a rigid structure and that they are connected to upstream circuits. 2 and downstream 3 also having a rigid structure and fixed relative to each other.
  • a blade 13 of small thickness and of length slightly greater than the length of the central conductor 10 is placed along a median plane of the conductor so as to divide the central conductor into two conduits 14 and 15 of substantially equal volume.
  • One of the conduits 15 thus formed constitutes an inlet channel for the cooling fluid
  • the other conduit 14 constitutes an outlet channel for this fluid, the fluid effecting at the opposite end of the intake openings 20 and d discharge 21 of the fluid, a circulation in the downstream microwave circuit 3 to which the cable is connected.
  • the blade 13 is preferably slid inside the conductor.
  • the blade has a width substantially equal to the diameter of the cylinder so as to be able to slide inside the conductor.
  • the blade When the blade is put in place, its edges 131, 132 are pressed against the inner wall of this conductor 10 which allows the blade to be held in place and which makes it possible to form two separate conduits, the circulation of the fluid taking place reverse in the conduits.
  • This arrangement of the blade inside gives a perfect seal against the vacuum which is established between the two conductors.
  • a flexible blade is chosen in the case where the conductor has a curvature so that the blade can follow this curvature, the plane of the blade being perpendicular to the planes in which the radii of curvature of the conductors are found.
  • the conductor 10 then consists of two parts 101, 102, machined, having a trough shape, between which the blade 13 is slid , the facing edges 103, 104; 105, 106 of each trough and an edge 133, 134 of the blade 10 being brazed.
  • the detail of realization which is identified by the reference 100 is shown in Figure 2c.
  • the width of the blade is substantially equal to the height of a section of the conductor taken along the plane in which the blade is placed.
  • the conductor 10 therefore comprises two conduits 14 and 15 delimited by the blade 13.
  • the blade 13 is produced by machining and has the shape of the conductor so as to have the same curvature in the case where the conductor is curved.
  • An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 2b.
  • This blade 10 is used to equip the conductor seen in section in FIG. 2a and which has a curvature as shown in FIG. 1. However, the plane in which the blade is located is parallel to the planes in which the radii of curvature are found. .
  • the blade can be metallic and rigid
  • FIG 3 there is shown a particular embodiment in which the invention is applied for example to the output coupling circuit of an amplifier klystron.
  • This circuit makes it possible to transmit microwave energy from an output cavity 2 to an output window 3 connected to a waveguide not shown.
  • a vacuum is established between the inner conductor 10 and the outer conductor 11 up to the exit window.
  • the conductors 10 and 11 have a rigid metallic structure.
  • a first part A of this coupling is produced by a coaxial cable whose inner conductor 10 is hollow and has a section of rectangular shape as shown in the cross section b-b.
  • a second part B of this coupling is produced by a coaxial cable whose inner conductor 10 is hollow and has a cylindrical shape as shown in the cross section c-c.
  • a blade 130 is slid inside the cylindrical part B of the conductor.
  • Another blade 131 is slid between the two troughs 101 and 102 constituting the conductor 10 of parallelepiped shape.
  • the conductor 10 has a curvature before the transition T.
  • the two longitudinal edges of the blade 131 are brazed respectively to the two edges which are opposite, of the two troughs so as to link these edges.
  • the blade 131 is machined so as to have the desired curvature.
  • the end of this strip 131 located in the transition T is held in position along a median plane in the conductor 10. This end overlaps with one end of the strip 130 placed inside the cylindrical part B forming the inner conductor.
  • the transition T is shown in section to better show its details.
  • the other end of the blade which is placed in the parallelepipedic conductor is fixed to a microwave energy supply circuit, that is to say to the output cavity 2 by a piece 20 which makes it possible to make the separation between the admission and the evacuation of the fluid without any electromagnetic disturbance.
  • the other end of the blade which is placed in the cylindrical conductor is fixed to the outlet window 3 for a central part 30, this window being conventional in itself.
  • the blades 130 and 131 are placed in the same plane as that of the sheet on which they are represented. These blades are visible in the sectional view, that is to say in the region of the transition.
  • the two conduits 14 and 15 are only visible from the cross sections b-b and c-c. The simple overlapping of the two end parts of the blades located in the transition T suffices to establish a continuity of the conduits 14 and 15. The circulation of the fluid inside these conduits is not disturbed by the discontinuity of the blades.
  • an electrical insulating fluid such as an oil, deionized water, dichlorodifluoromethane or monochlorodifluoromethane or a gas.

Abstract

Cooling arrangement for microwave circuits including a coaxial cable conveying microwave energy of very high power, this cable consisting of a hollow, inner central conductor (10) with a predetermined length and a thickness, and an outer conductor (11) inside which is placed the central conductor, the cooling arrangement being characterised in that it comprises an inlet path (15) and a return path (14) to permit the flow of a cooling fluid. All these paths are constituted by the central conductor (10) which includes for this purpose a strip (13) separating this conductor longitudinally into two ducts, each one forming one of the two paths. …<??>Application to microwave tubes of the klystron power amplifier type. …<IMAGE>…

Description

L'invention concerne les dispositifs de refroidissement pour circuits hyperfréquence et plus particulièrement un dispositif de refroidissement pour des tubes hyperfréquence notamment des klystrons de grande puissance.The invention relates to cooling devices for microwave circuits and more particularly to a cooling device for microwave tubes, in particular high power klystrons.

Il est usuel de refroidir les circuits hyperfréquence et en particulier les tubes hyperfréquence de puissance. Il est classique de refroidir diverses pièces dans les klystrons en disposant des conduites de circulation de fluide de refroidissement autour de certaines pièces. On procède en particulier au refroidissement du collecteur qui reçoit le faisceau électronique. Des circuits de refroidissement sont également prévus pour les diverses cavités et en tout cas pour la cavité de sortie au niveau de laquelle il y a le plus de chance que des électrons divergent et viennent frapper les parois de la cavité. Pour remédier à cela la cavité est enveloppée par une chemise à l'intérieur de laquelle est assurée une circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement.It is customary to cool the microwave circuits and in particular the microwave power tubes. It is conventional to cool various rooms in the klystrons by having coolant circulation pipes around certain rooms. In particular, the collector which receives the electron beam is cooled. Cooling circuits are also provided for the various cavities and in any case for the outlet cavity at which it is most likely that electrons diverge and strike the walls of the cavity. To remedy this, the cavity is enveloped by a jacket inside which a circulation of a cooling fluid is ensured.

Toutefois, d'une manière plus générale lorsqu'on procède au refroidissement d'une pièce, on utilise une première conduite pour l'arrivée du fluide froid provenant d'une source de fluide et une deuxième conduite distincte de la première pour le retour du fluide qui s'est réchauffé après son passage autour de la pièce chaude.However, more generally when a part is cooled, a first pipe is used for the arrival of the cold fluid coming from a source of fluid and a second pipe distinct from the first for the return of the fluid that has warmed up after passing around the hot room.

Jusqu'à présent, les puissances mises en oeuvre notamment dans les klystrons n'étaient pas suffisamment élevées au point qu'il faille prévoir un refroidissement de la partie qui correspond au couplage de sortie qui sert à transférer l'énergie hyperfréquence vers un guide d'ondes hyperfréquence. Ce couplage est principalement constitué par un câble coaxial formé d'un conducteur central creux ayant une épaisseur et une longueur prédéterminées, et d'un conducteur extérieur, le diamètre de ce conducteur étant bien évidement supérieur au diamètre central. Le vide est établi entre ces deux conducteurs.Until now, the powers used in particular in the klystrons were not sufficiently high to the point that it was necessary to provide for cooling of the part which corresponds to the output coupling which is used to transfer the microwave energy to a guide d microwave. This coupling is mainly constituted by a coaxial cable formed of a hollow central conductor having a thickness and a predetermined length, and an outer conductor, the diameter of this conductor being obviously greater than the central diameter. A vacuum is established between these two conductors.

Aujourd'hui les puissances mises en oeuvre sont telles qu'il est nécessaire de refroidir cet élément de couplage dénommé boucle de cavité de sortie.Today the powers used are such that it is necessary to cool this coupling element called the output cavity loop.

Un premier objet de l'invention consiste donc à réaliser un dispositif de refroidissement pour circuit hyperfréquence ayant en particulier pour avantage de ne pas augmenter l'encombrement du circuit ; ce circuit comprenant un câble coaxial muni d'un conducteur central intérieur et d'un conducteur extérieur pour transporter de l'énergie hyperfréquence de puissance ; le dispositif de refroidissement comprenant une voie d'arrivée et une voie de retour réalisées au moyen du conducteur central du câble, ce conducteur central comportant pour cela une lame, la lame étant disposée selon le sens longitudinal du conducteur de manière à former à partir de conducteurs, deux conduits constituant chacun les deux voies.A first object of the invention therefore consists in producing a cooling device for microwave circuit having in particular the advantage of not increasing the size of the circuit; this circuit comprising a coaxial cable provided with an inner central conductor and an outer conductor for transporting microwave power energy; the cooling device comprising an inlet channel and a return channel produced by means of the central conductor of the cable, this central conductor comprising for this purpose a blade, the blade being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the conductor so as to form from conductors, two conduits each constituting the two channels.

Un autre objet de l'invention consiste à réaliser un dispositif de refroidissement pour un tube hyperfréquence et en particulier pour un tube du type klystron amplificateur de très grande puissance, comprenant un circuit de couplage de sortie de signal hyperfréquence, lequel comporte un câble coaxial muni d'un conducteur central, intérieur, cylindrique, creux, ayant une épaisseur et une longueur prédéterminées, et un conducteur extérieur à l'intérieur duquel est placé le conducteur central, le vide étant établi dans l'espace compris entre ces deux conducteurs ; le dispositif de refroidissement étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une voie d'arrivée et une voie de retour du fluide de refroidissement constituée par le conducteur central qui comporte pour cela une lame logée à l'intérieur du conducteur et qui sépare ce conducteur longitudinalement en deux conduits formant chacun l'une de ces voies.Another object of the invention consists in producing a cooling device for a microwave tube and in particular for a tube of the very high power amplifier klystron type, comprising a microwave signal output coupling circuit, which comprises a coaxial cable provided a central, internal, cylindrical, hollow conductor having a predetermined thickness and length, and an external conductor inside which the central conductor is placed, the vacuum being established in the space between these two conductors; the cooling device being characterized in that it comprises an inlet channel and a channel for the return of the cooling fluid constituted by the central conductor which for this comprises a blade housed inside the conductor and which separates this conductor longitudinally in two conduits each forming one of these channels.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif de refroidissement pour klystron dans lequel le circuit de couplage comporte un câble coaxial dont le conducteur central est cylindrique creux ; ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que la lame qui est logée à l'intérieur du conducteur central, a un largeur sensiblement égale au diamètre intérieur de ce conducteur de manière à être maintenue dans un plan correspondant à un plan médian du conducteur.The invention also relates to a cooling device for klystron in which the coupling circuit comprises a coaxial cable whose central conductor is hollow cylindrical; this device being characterized in that the blade which is housed inside the central conductor has a width substantially equal to the internal diameter of this conductor so as to be maintained in a plane corresponding to a median plane of the conductor.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif de refroidissement pour klystron dans lequel la lame qui est placée à l'intérieur du conducteur central, est fixée à l'une des deux extrémités à une terminaison comportant une ouverture d'admission et une ouverture d'évacuation du fluide de refroidissement, cette lame étant fixée à l'autre extrémité soit à une autre lame qui est fixée à une pièce centrale placée à l'intérieur d'une cavité, la circulation du fluide s'établissant autour de la pièce centrale ; soit directement à cette pièce centrale.The invention also relates to a cooling device for klystron in which the blade which is placed inside the central conductor, is fixed at one of the two ends to a termination comprising an intake opening and an opening d evacuation of the coolant, this blade being fixed at the other end or to another blade which is fixed to a central part placed inside a cavity, the circulation of the fluid being established around the central part ; either directly to this central room.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif de refroidissement pour klystron dans lequel le circuit de couplage comporte un câble coaxial dont le conducteur central est creux et a une section de forme rectangulaire, ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que le conducteur central est constitué de deux parties s'étendant longitudinalement entre lesquelles est logée une lame, cette lame étant fixée à chacune de ces parties de manière à former deux conduits distincts, chacun formant l'une des voies.The invention also relates to a cooling device for klystron in which the coupling circuit comprises a coaxial cable whose central conductor is hollow and has a section of rectangular shape, this device being characterized in that the central conductor consists of two parts extending longitudinally between which a blade is housed, this blade being fixed to each of these parts so as to form two separate conduits, each forming one of the channels.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :

  • - la figure 1, représente le schéma de principe d'un dispositif de refroidissement selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 2a, représente une coupe transversale du dispositif selon une variante d'exécution ;
  • - la figure 2b, représente d'une lame équipant un conducteur tel que représenté sur la figure 2a ;
  • - la figure 2c, représente un détail relatif à la référence 100 ;
  • - la figure 3, représente le schéma d'un dispositif de refroidissement pour un klystron amplificateur et plus particulièrement pour un circuit de couplage constituant une boucle de sortie de ce klystron.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows and which refers to the appended figures in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a cooling device according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2a shows a cross section of the device according to an alternative embodiment;
  • - Figure 2b shows a blade fitted to a conductor as shown in Figure 2a;
  • - Figure 2c shows a detail relating to the reference 100;
  • - Figure 3 shows the diagram of a cooling device for an amplifier klystron and more particularly for a coupling circuit constituting an output loop of this klystron.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté le dispositif de refroidissement selon l'invention vu en coupe suivant un plan médian pris dans le sens longitudinal. On a également représenté une coupe a-a suivant un plan transversal. Le schéma est un schéma de principe du dispositif de refroidissement selon l'invention. Ce schéma représente donc un couplage hyperfréquence entre deux circuits hyperfréquence dont la nature dépend de l'application particulière qui est faite, et qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de préciser à partir de ce schéma de principe.In Figure 1, there is shown the cooling device according to the invention seen in section along a median plane taken in the longitudinal direction. There is also shown a section a-a along a transverse plane. The diagram is a block diagram of the cooling device according to the invention. This diagram therefore represents a microwave coupling between two microwave circuits whose nature depends on the particular application which is made, and which it is not necessary to specify from this principle diagram.

Le couplage est constitué d'un câble coaxial 1 destiné à transporter de l'énergie hyperfréquence de très grande puissance d'un circuit amont 2 vers un circuit aval 3, le câble 1 et le circuit aval 3 devant être refroidis. Le câble 1 comporte un conducteur central intérieur 10, creux, de forme rectangulaire ou cylindrique, et un conducteur extérieur 11 en principe de forme rectangulaire ou cylindrique, disposé autour du conducteur central, un espace 12 constituant un isolant électrique d'épaisseur prédéterminée séparant ces deux conducteurs. Les conducteurs 10 et 11 ont une longueur et une épaisseur qui sont prédéterminées en fonction de l'application particulière prévue, l'homme de métier déterminant ces paramètres de manière classique. Bien entendu, le conducteur intérieur 10 est maintenu en place à l'intérieur du conducteur extérieur 11 par tous moyens classiques, soit par l'utilisation de diélectrique, soit que ces conducteurs ont une structure rigide et qu'ils sont reliés à des circuits amont 2 et aval 3 ayant également une structure rigide et fixe l'un par rapport à l'autre.The coupling consists of a coaxial cable 1 intended for transporting very high power microwave energy from an upstream circuit 2 to a downstream circuit 3, the cable 1 and the downstream circuit 3 having to be cooled. The cable 1 comprises an inner central conductor 10, hollow, of rectangular or cylindrical shape, and an outer conductor 11 in principle of rectangular or cylindrical shape, arranged around the central conductor, a space 12 constituting an electrical insulator of predetermined thickness separating these two conductors. The conductors 10 and 11 have a length and a thickness which are predetermined according to the particular application envisaged, the skilled person determining these parameters in a conventional manner. Of course, the inner conductor 10 is held in place inside the outer conductor 11 by any conventional means, either by the use of dielectric, or that these conductors have a rigid structure and that they are connected to upstream circuits. 2 and downstream 3 also having a rigid structure and fixed relative to each other.

Une lame 13 de faible épaisseur et de longueur légèrement supérieur à la longueur du conducteur central 10 est mise en place suivant un plan médian du conducteur de manière à diviser le conducteur central en deux conduits 14 et 15 de volume sensiblement égaux. L'un des conduits 15 ainsi formés constitue une voie d'arrivée pour le fluide de refroidissement, l'autre conduit 14 constitue une voie de sortie de ce fluide, le fluide effectuant à l'extrémité opposée des ouvertures d'admission 20 et d'évacuation 21 du fluide, une circulation dans le circuit hyperfréquence aval 3 auquel est relié le câble.A blade 13 of small thickness and of length slightly greater than the length of the central conductor 10 is placed along a median plane of the conductor so as to divide the central conductor into two conduits 14 and 15 of substantially equal volume. One of the conduits 15 thus formed constitutes an inlet channel for the cooling fluid, the other conduit 14 constitutes an outlet channel for this fluid, the fluid effecting at the opposite end of the intake openings 20 and d discharge 21 of the fluid, a circulation in the downstream microwave circuit 3 to which the cable is connected.

Pour un conducteur central 10 de forme cylindrique tel que représenté sur la coupe a-a, la lame 13 est de préférence glissée à l'intérieur du conducteur. A cette fin, la lame a une largeur sensiblement égale au diamètre du cylindre de manière à pouvoir glisser à l'intérieur du conducteur. Lorsque la lame est mise en place, ses bords 131, 132 sont plaqués contre la paroi intérieure de ce conducteur 10 ce qui permet le maintien de la lame en place et ce qui permet de former deux conduits distincts, la circulation du fluide se faisant en sens inverse dans les conduits. On obtient par cette disposition de la lame à l'intérieur, une parfaite étanchéité vis-à-vis du vide qui est établi entre les deux conducteurs. On choisit une lame souple dans le cas ou le conducteur présente une courbure afin que la lame puisse suivre cette courbure, le plan de la lame se trouvant perpendiculaire aux plans dans lesquels se trouvent les rayons de courbure des conducteurs.For a central conductor 10 of cylindrical shape as shown in section a-a, the blade 13 is preferably slid inside the conductor. To this end, the blade has a width substantially equal to the diameter of the cylinder so as to be able to slide inside the conductor. When the blade is put in place, its edges 131, 132 are pressed against the inner wall of this conductor 10 which allows the blade to be held in place and which makes it possible to form two separate conduits, the circulation of the fluid taking place reverse in the conduits. This arrangement of the blade inside gives a perfect seal against the vacuum which is established between the two conductors. A flexible blade is chosen in the case where the conductor has a curvature so that the blade can follow this curvature, the plane of the blade being perpendicular to the planes in which the radii of curvature of the conductors are found.

Pour un conducteur central de section de forme rectangulaire, tel que représenté en coupe transversale sur la figure 2a, le conducteur 10 est alors constitué de deux parties 101, 102, usinées, ayant une forme d'auge, entre lesquelles est glissée la lame 13, les bords en vis-à-vis 103, 104 ; 105, 106 de chaque auge et un bord 133, 134 de la lame 10 étant brasés. Le détail de réalisation qui est repéré par la référence 100 est représenté sur la figure 2c. La largeur de la lame est sensiblement égale à la hauteur d'une section du conducteur prise selon le plan dans lequel est placée la lame. Le conducteur 10 comporte donc deux conduits 14 et 15 délimités par la lame 13.For a central conductor of rectangular section, as shown in cross section in FIG. 2a, the conductor 10 then consists of two parts 101, 102, machined, having a trough shape, between which the blade 13 is slid , the facing edges 103, 104; 105, 106 of each trough and an edge 133, 134 of the blade 10 being brazed. The detail of realization which is identified by the reference 100 is shown in Figure 2c. The width of the blade is substantially equal to the height of a section of the conductor taken along the plane in which the blade is placed. The conductor 10 therefore comprises two conduits 14 and 15 delimited by the blade 13.

La lame 13 est réalisée par usinage et présente la forme du conducteur de manière à avoir la même courbure dans le cas ou le conducteur est courbé. Un exemple de réalisation est représenté sur la figure 2b. Cette lame 10 permet d'équiper le conducteur vu en coupe à la figure 2a et qui a une courbure telle que représentée à la figure 1. Toutefois le plan dans lequel se trouve la lame est parallèle aux plans dans lesquels se trouvent les rayons de courbures. La lame peut être métallique et rigideThe blade 13 is produced by machining and has the shape of the conductor so as to have the same curvature in the case where the conductor is curved. An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 2b. This blade 10 is used to equip the conductor seen in section in FIG. 2a and which has a curvature as shown in FIG. 1. However, the plane in which the blade is located is parallel to the planes in which the radii of curvature are found. . The blade can be metallic and rigid

Sur la figure 3, on a représenté un exemple de réalisation particulière dans laquelle l'invention est appliquée par exemple au circuit de couplage de sortie d'un klystron amplificateur. Ce circuit permet de transmettre de l'énergie hyperfréquence d'une cavité de sortie 2 vers une fenêtre de sortie 3 reliée à un guide d'onde non représenté. Le vide est établi entre le conducteur intérieur 10 et le conducteur extérieur 11 jusqu'à la fenêtre de sortie. Les conducteurs 10 et 11 ont une structure métallique rigide.In Figure 3, there is shown a particular embodiment in which the invention is applied for example to the output coupling circuit of an amplifier klystron. This circuit makes it possible to transmit microwave energy from an output cavity 2 to an output window 3 connected to a waveguide not shown. A vacuum is established between the inner conductor 10 and the outer conductor 11 up to the exit window. The conductors 10 and 11 have a rigid metallic structure.

Une première partie A de ce couplage est réalisée par un câble coaxial dont le conducteur intérieur 10 est creux et a une section de forme rectangulaire comme cela a été représenté sur la coupe transversale b-b. Un deuxième partie B de ce couplage est réalisée par un câble coaxial dont le conducteur intérieur 10 est creux et a une forme cylindrique comme cela a été représenté sur la coupe transversale c-c.A first part A of this coupling is produced by a coaxial cable whose inner conductor 10 is hollow and has a section of rectangular shape as shown in the cross section b-b. A second part B of this coupling is produced by a coaxial cable whose inner conductor 10 is hollow and has a cylindrical shape as shown in the cross section c-c.

Deux des extrémités de chacun des conducteurs sont reliées par une transition T classique en soi, assurant le passage, pour le conducteur central, d'une forme parallélépipédique à une forme cylindrique.Two of the ends of each of the conductors are connected by a transition T conventional in itself, ensuring the passage, for the central conductor, from a parallelepiped shape to a cylindrical shape.

Une lame 130 est glissée à l'intérieur de la partie B, cylindrique, du conducteur. Une autre lame 131 est glissée entre les deux auges 101 et 102 constituant le conducteur 10 de forme parallélépipédique. Classiquement, le conducteur 10 comporte une courbure avant la transition T.A blade 130 is slid inside the cylindrical part B of the conductor. Another blade 131 is slid between the two troughs 101 and 102 constituting the conductor 10 of parallelepiped shape. Conventionally, the conductor 10 has a curvature before the transition T.

Les deux bords longitudinaux de la lame 131 sont brasés respectivement aux deux bords qui se trouvent en vis-à-vis, des deux auges de manière à lier ces bords. La lame 131 est usinée de manière à présenter la courbure désirée. L'extrémité de cette lame 131 se trouvant dans la transition T, est maintenue en position suivant un plan médian dans le conducteur 10. Cette extrémité se chevauche avec une extrémité de la lame 130 placée à l'intérieur de la partie B cylindrique formant le conducteur intérieur.The two longitudinal edges of the blade 131 are brazed respectively to the two edges which are opposite, of the two troughs so as to link these edges. The blade 131 is machined so as to have the desired curvature. The end of this strip 131 located in the transition T, is held in position along a median plane in the conductor 10. This end overlaps with one end of the strip 130 placed inside the cylindrical part B forming the inner conductor.

La transition T, est représentée en coupe pour mieux montrer ses détails. L'autre extrémité de la lame qui est placée dans le conducteur parallélépipédique, est fixée à un circuit d'amenée d'énergie hyperfréquence c'est-à-dire à la cavité de sortie 2 par une pièce 20 qui permet de faire la séparation entre l'admission et l'évacuation du fluide sans qu'il y ait de perturbation électromagnétique. De la même manière, l'autre extrémité de la lame qui est placée dans le conducteur cylindrique, est fixée à la fenêtre de sortie 3 pour une pièce centrale 30, cette fenêtre étant classique en soi.The transition T, is shown in section to better show its details. The other end of the blade which is placed in the parallelepipedic conductor, is fixed to a microwave energy supply circuit, that is to say to the output cavity 2 by a piece 20 which makes it possible to make the separation between the admission and the evacuation of the fluid without any electromagnetic disturbance. In the same way, the other end of the blade which is placed in the cylindrical conductor, is fixed to the outlet window 3 for a central part 30, this window being conventional in itself.

Les lames 130 et 131 sont placées dans le même plan que celui de la feuille sur laquelle elles sont représentées. Ces lames sont visibles dans la partie vue en coupe c'est-à-dire dans la région de la transition. Les deux conduits 14 et 15 ne sont visibles qu'à partir des coupes transversales b-b et c-c. Le simple chevauchement des deux parties extrêmes des lames se trouvant dans la transition T suffit pour établir une continuité des conduits 14 et 15. La circulation du fluide à l'intérieur de ces conduit n'est pas perturbée par la discontinuité des lames.The blades 130 and 131 are placed in the same plane as that of the sheet on which they are represented. These blades are visible in the sectional view, that is to say in the region of the transition. The two conduits 14 and 15 are only visible from the cross sections b-b and c-c. The simple overlapping of the two end parts of the blades located in the transition T suffices to establish a continuity of the conduits 14 and 15. The circulation of the fluid inside these conduits is not disturbed by the discontinuity of the blades.

La solution qui consiste à placer la lame à l'intérieur du conducteur cylindrique, ce conducteur étant de ce fait en une seule pièce, permet d'assurer sans difficulté dans cette partie de la boucle, une parfaite étanchéité vis-à-vis du vide qui est établi entre le conducteur extérieur 11 et le conducteur intérieur 10.The solution which consists in placing the blade inside the cylindrical conductor, this conductor being of this made in one piece, ensures without difficulty in this part of the loop, a perfect seal vis-à-vis the vacuum which is established between the outer conductor 11 and the inner conductor 10.

Il est bien entendu que l'on prend toutes les précautions nécessaires pour que le fluide ne perturbe pas le comportement électrique du conducteur central. Avantageusement on utilise un fluide isolant électrique comme par exemple, une huile, de l'eau désionisée, du dichlorodifluorométhane ou du monochlorodifluorométhane ou un gaz.It is understood that all necessary precautions are taken so that the fluid does not disturb the electrical behavior of the central conductor. Advantageously, an electrical insulating fluid is used, such as an oil, deionized water, dichlorodifluoromethane or monochlorodifluoromethane or a gas.

Claims (6)

1. Dispositif de refroidissement pour circuits hyperfréquence comprenant un câble coaxial transportant de l'énergie hyperfréquence de très grande puissance, ce câble étant constitué d'un conducteur central intérieur (10), creux, ayant une épaisseur et une longueur prédéterminée et un conducteur extérieur (11) à l'intérieur duquel est placé le conducteur central (10), le dispositif de refroidissement étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une voie d'arrivée et une voie de retour pour permettre le passage d'un fluide de refroidissement ; ces voies étant constituées par le conducteur central (10) à l'intérieur duquel est insérée une lame séparatrice (13) non solidaire du conducteur central, cette lame ayant une largeur sensiblement égale au diamètre intérieur du conducteur central et séparant ce conducteur longitudinalement en deux conduits (14, 15) formant chacun une des deux voies.1. Cooling device for microwave circuits comprising a coaxial cable transporting microwave power of very high power, this cable consisting of an inner central conductor (10), hollow, having a thickness and a predetermined length and an outer conductor (11) inside which is placed the central conductor (10), the cooling device being characterized in that it comprises an inlet channel and a return channel to allow the passage of a cooling fluid; these channels being formed by the central conductor (10) inside which is inserted a separating blade (13) not integral with the central conductor, this blade having a width substantially equal to the inside diameter of the central conductor and separating this conductor longitudinally in two conduits (14, 15) each forming one of the two channels. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la lame (13) est métallique.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade (13) is metallic. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la lame (13) est souple.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the blade (13) is flexible. 4. Dispositif selon la revendiction 3, caractérisé en ce que le cable coaxial présente des coubures et la lame épouse les coubures du conducteur central.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the coaxial cable has curvatures and the blade follows the curvatures of the central conductor. 5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendicatons 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la lame qui est placée à l'intérieur du conducteur central, est fixée à l'une des deux extrémités à une terminaison (20) comportant une ouverture d'admission et une ouverture d'évacuation du fluide de refroidissement, cette lame étant fixée à l'autre extrémité soit à une autre lame qui est elle-même fixée à une pièce centrale (30) placée à l'intérieur d'une cavité (3), soit directement à cette pièce centrale.5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the blade which is placed inside the central conductor, is fixed at one of the two ends to a termination (20) comprising an opening d intake and discharge opening of the coolant, this blade being fixed at the other end either to another blade which is itself fixed to a central part (30) placed inside a cavity (3), or directly to this central part. 6. Procédé pour réaliser un circuit de refroidissement d'un conducteur coxial creux servant à la transmission d'énergie hyperfréquence élevée, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à insérer dans le conducteur coaxial creux, par une de ses extrémités, une lame souple de largeur sensiblement égale au diamètre intérieur du conducteur coaxial, cette lame épousant les coubures du conducteur et séparant l'intérieur de celui-ci en deux demi-conduits servant respectivement à l'amenée et à l'évacuation d'un fluide de refroidissement.6. Method for producing a cooling circuit of a hollow coxial conductor used for the transmission of high microwave energy, characterized in that it consists in inserting into the hollow coaxial conductor, by one of its ends, a flexible blade of width substantially equal to the internal diameter of the coaxial conductor, this blade conforming to the curvatures of the conductor and separating the interior of the latter into two half-conduits serving respectively for the supply and evacuation of a cooling fluid.
EP88402568A 1987-10-16 1988-10-11 Cooling arrangement for microwave circuits Expired - Lifetime EP0312446B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8714297 1987-10-16
FR8714297A FR2622048B1 (en) 1987-10-16 1987-10-16 COOLING DEVICE FOR MICROWAVE CIRCUITS

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EP0312446A1 true EP0312446A1 (en) 1989-04-19
EP0312446B1 EP0312446B1 (en) 1992-02-19

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EP (1) EP0312446B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01144545A (en)
DE (1) DE3868481D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2622048B1 (en)

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EP0715391A1 (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-06-05 Hughes Aircraft Company Environmentally controlled high power high frequency transmission cable for reductive charger
EP3812199A1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-28 Acome Cable with improved heat dissipation
FR3102605A1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-30 Acome Improved active heat dissipation cable

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US20040089462A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Konrad Buckel Wide band high frequency compatible electrical coaxial cable
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WO2015072529A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-21 国立大学法人 滋賀医科大学 Microwave-irradiating instrument
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EP3812199A1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-28 Acome Cable with improved heat dissipation
FR3102605A1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-30 Acome Improved active heat dissipation cable

Also Published As

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FR2622048A1 (en) 1989-04-21
JPH01144545A (en) 1989-06-06
DE3868481D1 (en) 1992-03-26
FR2622048B1 (en) 1995-02-03
EP0312446B1 (en) 1992-02-19
US5006825A (en) 1991-04-09

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