EP0310414B1 - Linse/Polarisator/Radom - Google Patents

Linse/Polarisator/Radom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0310414B1
EP0310414B1 EP19880309094 EP88309094A EP0310414B1 EP 0310414 B1 EP0310414 B1 EP 0310414B1 EP 19880309094 EP19880309094 EP 19880309094 EP 88309094 A EP88309094 A EP 88309094A EP 0310414 B1 EP0310414 B1 EP 0310414B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
lens
dielectric lens
polarizer
dielectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880309094
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0310414A3 (en
EP0310414A2 (de
Inventor
Keith C. Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
Raytheon Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raytheon Co filed Critical Raytheon Co
Publication of EP0310414A2 publication Critical patent/EP0310414A2/de
Publication of EP0310414A3 publication Critical patent/EP0310414A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0310414B1 publication Critical patent/EP0310414B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/425—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising a metallic grid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/244—Polarisation converters converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/001—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems for modifying the directional characteristic of an aerial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an antenna system comprising: an antenna; a dielectric lens disposed to cover at least a portion of the aperture of the antenna, the dielectric lens being fabricated from a material having a dielectric constant exceeding 2.0 and being shaped to modify the antenna pattern of the array as desired; and an intermediate layer disposed between the antenna and the dielectric lens; whereby the antenna pattern of energy originating at the aperture of said antenna is modified.
  • EP-A-0 131 328 describes an antenna system as defined hereinbefore at the beginning in which the dielectric lens is separated from transmitting and receiving cavities of the antenna by a block of polystyrene foam which acts as a partial reflector.
  • the dielectric lens which may be of polyethylene or polystyrene, is designed to increase the directivity of the antenna system.
  • the thickness of the polystyrene block is chosen to be 14mm for a frequency of 9.9 Gigahertz.
  • FR-A-2 373 891 describes a phased-array antenna system in which a linear array of radiating elements has disposed before it an angle filter consisting of three perforated, parallel metal plates. The plates are held in position by members made of energy-absorbing carbon-loaded foam rubber. These members are arranged at opposite ends of the linear array of radiating elements.
  • EP-A-0 044 502 describes a polarizer for producing circularly polarised electromagnetic waves, the polarizer being a multilayer structure in which meander-shaped conductors are provided in a mutually parallel arrangement on parallel surfaces of some of the layers.
  • US-A-3 611 392 describes as a primary feed for a front-fed antenna system a dielectric lens assembly formed of polyethylene and of generally mushroom shape.
  • the stalk couples the assembly to a feeder waveguide.
  • Internal reflection at the front face of the lens, corresponding to the top surface of the mushroom shape, is reduced by the provision there of a layer acting as a quarter-wave transformer.
  • an antenna system as defined hereinbefore at the beginning is characterised in that: said antenna is an array antenna; and said intermediate layer is a quarter-wave impedance matching layer.
  • a preferred embodiment of this invention is provided by a Lens/Polarizer/Radome attached to an existing array antenna to modify the antenna pattern in a desired way without significantly affecting the other operating characteristics of such array antenna.
  • the Lens/Polarizer/Radome incorporates an appropriately shaped dielectric lens along with impedance matching and filtering structures, such Lens/Polarizer/Radome being adapted for mounting on the existing array antenna to form a unitary structure
  • the elements of the contemplated Lens/Polarizer/Radome are mounted within a flanged frame 10 that is dimensioned to permit mounting in any convenient manner on the face of an array antenna 12, here a linear array of sectoral horns (not numbered).
  • the elements of the contemplated Lens/Polarizer/Radome are a dielectric lens 13, a quarter-wave matching element 15, a polarization filter 17 and a polarizer 19.
  • absorbers 21, 23, 24 are provided as shown.
  • the dielectric lens 13 here fabricated from polyethylene having a dielectric constant of approximately 2.3, is shaped to have a first surface 13a complementary in shape to the ends of the sectoral horns (not numbered). To put it another way, first surface 13a is shaped to present nearly an equiphase surface to fields produced by the sectoral horns (not numbered).
  • a second surface 13b of the dielectric lens 13 is shaped to adjust the phase delay of rays passing through the dielectric lens 13 as required to attain a desired distribution across the aperture (not numbered) of the Lens/Polarizer/Radome.
  • the phase delay at any point through the dielectric lens 13 is directly related to the thickness of the dielectric lens and to the square root of the dielectric constant and inversely related to the wavelength of the electromagnetic energy being transmitted or received.
  • the cross-section of the dielectric lens 13 is shaped as shown.
  • the first surface 13a of the dielectric lens 13 need not be concentric with the end of the sectoral horns (not numbered).
  • the dielectric lens 13 be rotated so that the upper end of the first surface 13a is slightly closer to the sectoral horn than the lower end of the first surface 13a.
  • the quarter-wave matching element 15 here is a sheet of foam rubber having a thickness of one-quarter wavelength of electromagnetic energy passing through the dielectric lens 13 in either direction.
  • the dielectric constant of the foam rubber is equal approximately to the square root of the dielectric constant of the polyethylene of the dielectric lens 13.
  • the quarter-wave matching element 15 is affixed with an electrically thin layer of R.F. transparent adhesive to the first and second surfaces 13a, 13b of the dielectric lens 13.
  • the polarization filter 17 and polarizer 19 are used to convert circularly polarized energy to linearly polarized energy and vice versa and to compensate for changes in the cross-polarization component of the electromagnetic energy out of each sectoral horn (not numbered). As is known, such a cross-polarized component increases with non-principal plane angles.
  • the polarization filter 17 is conventional, here being made up of parallel metal plates spaced at about 0.4 wavelengths at the upper end of the frequency band of interest and about 1.9cm (3/4 inches) deep.
  • the polarization filter 17, as shown conforms with the polarizer 19. On transmission, then, only horizontally polarized energy is passed through the polarization filter 17 to the polarizer 19.
  • the polarizer 19 here consists of five sheets of dielectric material essentially transparent to the radio frequency energy passing through the Lens/Polarizer/Radome.
  • a metallic meanderline 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d, 19e is formed on each one of the sheets in accordance with the table shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the meanderlines are oriented so that each is inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. As a result, then, linearly polarized energy passing through the polarizer 19 is converted to circularly polarized energy. Because the polarizer 19 is a reciprocal device, circularly polarized energy passing through the polarizer 19 is converted to linearly polarized energy.
  • absorbers 21, 23, 24 fabricated from any known absorbing material are affixed (as by cementing with an electrically thin layer of R.F. transparent adhesive) to the perimeter of the dielectric lens 13 and adjacent areas.
  • the absorbers 21, 23, 24 then are effective to prevent unwanted nulls in the antenna pattern and radiation from the ends of the dielectric lens 13.
  • spaces between the elements of the just-described Lens/Polarizer/Radome preferably are filled with dielectric material (not shown) having a dielectric constant approximating 1.0. Such a filler then has no appreciable electrical effect, but rather serves only to make the Lens/Polarizer/Radome a unitary structure.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Antennensystem mit:
       einer Antenne (12);
       einer dielektrischen Linse (13), die so angeordnet ist, daß sie mindestens einen Teil der Apertur der Antenne (12) überdeckt, wobei die dielektrische Linse aus einem Material mit einer Dielektrizitätskonstanten über 2,0 gefertigt ist und so geformt (13a, 13b) ist, daß sie das Antennendiagramm in gewünschter Weise modifiziert; und
       einer Zwischenschicht (15), die zwischen der Antenne (12) und der dielektrischen Linse (13) angeordnet ist;
       wodurch das Antennendiagramm der an der Apertur der Antenne austretenden Energie modifiziert wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
       die genannte Antenne eine Gruppenantenne (12) ist; und
       die genannte Zwischenschicht eine Viertelwellen-Impedanzanpassungsschicht (15) ist.
  2. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch Absorptionsmittel (21, 23, 24), die rund um den Rand der dielektrischen Linse (13) angeordnet sind, um Nebenstrahlungskeulen und Diagrammnullstellen zu steuern.
  3. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch
    a) ein Polarisationsfilter (17), das über der dielektrischen Linse (13) angeordnet ist, um die Polarisationsebene der zu der dielektrischen Linse (13) hinlaufenden und von ihr weglaufenden Energie auf eine vorbestimmte Ebene zu begrenzen; und
    b) einen Polarisator (19), der über dem Polarisationsfilter (17) angeordnet ist, um die Polarisation der von der Apertur ausgehenden Energie in eine zirkulare Polarisation umzuwandeln.
EP19880309094 1987-10-02 1988-09-30 Linse/Polarisator/Radom Expired - Lifetime EP0310414B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10377887A 1987-10-02 1987-10-02
US103778 1993-08-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0310414A2 EP0310414A2 (de) 1989-04-05
EP0310414A3 EP0310414A3 (en) 1990-04-25
EP0310414B1 true EP0310414B1 (de) 1994-06-01

Family

ID=22296996

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880309094 Expired - Lifetime EP0310414B1 (de) 1987-10-02 1988-09-30 Linse/Polarisator/Radom

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0310414B1 (de)
AU (1) AU618281B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1304155C (de)
DE (1) DE3889834T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2729791B1 (fr) * 1988-06-14 1997-05-16 Thomson Csf Dispositif pour diminuer l'effet de radome avec une antenne large bande a rayonnement de surface, et diminuer la surface equivalente refelchissante de l'ensemble
US5017939A (en) * 1989-09-26 1991-05-21 Hughes Aircraft Company Two layer matching dielectrics for radomes and lenses for wide angles of incidence
US5086301A (en) * 1990-01-10 1992-02-04 Intelsat Polarization converter application for accessing linearly polarized satellites with single- or dual-circularly polarized earth station antennas
IT1284301B1 (it) * 1996-03-13 1998-05-18 Space Engineering Spa Antenna a singolo o a doppio riflettore, a fasci sagomati, a polarizzazione lineare.
DE19714578C2 (de) * 1997-04-09 1999-02-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Radarsystem, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuganwendungen
US20100074315A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 Quellan, Inc. Noise sampling detectors
CN107706526B (zh) * 2017-10-19 2024-04-05 西南交通大学 高功率埋入式极化转换天线罩
CN112234360B (zh) * 2020-09-17 2022-05-13 南京理工大学 端接滤波电路控制电特性的双极化透射表面及其设计方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1267802A (en) * 1968-03-25 1972-03-22 Post Office Improvements in or relating to front-fed aerial systems
GB1562866A (en) * 1976-12-08 1980-03-19 Gen Dynamics Corp Antenn with performted metal plate angle filter
US4187507A (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-02-05 Sperry Rand Corporation Multiple beam antenna array
US4220957A (en) * 1979-06-01 1980-09-02 General Electric Company Dual frequency horn antenna system
DE3027094C2 (de) * 1980-07-17 1987-03-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Umpolarisiereinrichtung zur Erzeugung zirkular polarisierter elektromagnetischer Wellen
US4342034A (en) * 1980-11-24 1982-07-27 Raytheon Company Radio frequency antenna with polarization changer and filter
FR2548466B1 (fr) * 1983-07-01 1985-10-25 Radiotechnique Compelec Dispositif d'emission-reception pour radar de detection de presence, et procede pour le realiser
US4698639A (en) * 1986-01-14 1987-10-06 The Singer Company Circularly polarized leaky waveguide doppler antenna
EP0280379A3 (de) * 1987-02-27 1990-04-25 Yoshihiko Sugio Mit dielektrischem oder magnetischem Medium belastete Antenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3889834T2 (de) 1995-01-05
EP0310414A3 (en) 1990-04-25
EP0310414A2 (de) 1989-04-05
DE3889834D1 (de) 1994-07-07
AU2292388A (en) 1989-04-06
CA1304155C (en) 1992-06-23
AU618281B2 (en) 1991-12-19

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