EP0309960A1 - Verfahren und Messvorrichtung zur automatischen Steuerung des Vor- und Rückschubs der Schleifscheibe einer Flachschleifmaschine - Google Patents

Verfahren und Messvorrichtung zur automatischen Steuerung des Vor- und Rückschubs der Schleifscheibe einer Flachschleifmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0309960A1
EP0309960A1 EP88115798A EP88115798A EP0309960A1 EP 0309960 A1 EP0309960 A1 EP 0309960A1 EP 88115798 A EP88115798 A EP 88115798A EP 88115798 A EP88115798 A EP 88115798A EP 0309960 A1 EP0309960 A1 EP 0309960A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
measuring
value
grinding wheel
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88115798A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Sigg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meseltron SA
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Meseltron SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meseltron SA filed Critical Meseltron SA
Publication of EP0309960A1 publication Critical patent/EP0309960A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/06—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent requiring comparison of the workpiece with standard gauging plugs, rings or the like

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a new measuring method for the automatic control of the advance and the recoil of the grinding wheel of a plane grinding machine, as well as equipment for implementing this method.
  • the workpieces are placed on a horizontal table which can rotate or move linearly on a frame and above which is a circular grinding wheel with horizontal or vertical axis capable of machining the pieces by its edge.
  • This grinding wheel is mounted on a support carried by the frame so as to be able obviously to rotate around its axis and to be able at least to lower and to rise in order, respectively, to be brought into contact with the parts and to deviate therefrom. Generally, when it is horizontal, it can also be moved parallel to this axis in order to be able to grind pieces that are wider than it and / or several rows of pieces arranged side by side.
  • the workpiece dimension is measured as the grinding progresses, and the results of this measurement are used to control the speed of advance of the grinding wheel and stop it when the grinding wheel is reached. nominal rating desired.
  • the grinding wheel is moved vertically step by step or continuously between two successive passes of the horizontal table, that is to say when the latter occupies an extreme or initial position for which no part is under the grinding wheel. Then the level of the grinding wheel is kept constant during a pass.
  • grinding is most often done in three phases: roughing during which the feed speed of the grinding wheel is relatively high, polishing for which the feed speed is lower, for example ten times less, and the finishing which is done by making the wheel make a few passes in the same position.
  • length-measuring heads which are mounted on a bracket fixed to the frame of the machine and which include a touch which senses at least part of the pieces and an inductive or capacitive transducer which converts the movements of this key into an electrical measurement signal which is transmitted to a measuring and control device in which it is amplified and used to display the dimension of the parts and to produce signals for controlling the movements of the grinding wheel.
  • the first is the wear of the measuring head button.
  • the second is the deformation of the stem under the effect of the heat produced during the machining operations and the wind of the grinding wheel.
  • the third is that when the temperature changes the height of the table changes. For example, if it is carried by an oil film, its height decreases when the temperature increases. If it is mounted on bearings, the opposite occurs.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a new measurement method which does not have the drawbacks of these two known measurement methods which have just been mentioned.
  • the measuring method according to the invention consists not only in palpating the upper surface of at least part of the workpieces by means of a length measuring head mounted on the frame of the grinding machine. , during different successive passes of these parts under the grinding wheel, in order to obtain each time a measurement signal which represents substantially their effective dimension but also - to place initially on the table, in addition to the workpieces and out of reach of the grinding wheel, a reference block of determined thickness.
  • the reference block it can be constituted by a single reference piece or by several pieces stacked one on the other.
  • this thickness is greater than or equal to the nominal dimension of the parts and the block can be palpated less often than these, but it must still be sufficiently frequently if we want the object of the invention to be well achieved because if, for example, the temperature had time to vary more between two successive probes of the block than between two successive probes of the workpieces the corresponding variation of the signal measurement would no longer be exactly compensated by that of the reference signal and the fact of differentiating between the values of these two signals would no longer allow accurate measurements to be made.
  • the method according to the invention will most often consist in making, by operations carried out in any order, the algebraic sum of the difference between the value of the measurement signal and the stored value of the reference signal and that between l thickness of the reference block and the nominal dimension in question.
  • the invention also relates to measuring equipment for implementing the method which we have just spoken of.
  • This equipment which includes a length measuring head mounted on the frame of the grinding machine to feel the upper surface of at least part of the machined parts, during different successive passes of these parts under the grinding wheel, and to produce each time a measurement signal which represents substantially their effective dimension, is mainly characterized by the fact that it also includes a reference block of determined thickness, intended to be placed initially on the table of the grinding machine, in addition to the workpieces and out of reach of the grinding wheel, and to be periodically palpated by the measuring head so that the latter then also produces a reference signal, and an electronic circuit for measurement which is connected to the measurement head and which includes means for memorizing the value of the reference signal between two times when the reference block is palpated by the measurement head and calculation means for doing at least, for each of said passes, the difference between the value of the measurement signal and the stored value of the reference signal and to produce a resulting signal which corresponds to the exact actual dimension of the workpieces.
  • the plane grinding machine which has been shown both partially and schematically in FIG. 1 comprises a frame 2 which carries, for example by means of an oil film, a horizontal table 4 of the "sweeping" type c '' is to say a table which can carry out on this frame a linear movement back and forth between two extreme positions, as indicated by the double arrow F.
  • a circular grinding wheel 6 which can rotate around a horizontal axis 8, orthogonal to the direction of movement F of this table, and which is mounted on a support 10 also carried by the frame 2, so that it can be moved vertically and possibly parallel to the axis 8.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a row of parts 12 to be machined or being machined between two of which a single reference part 14 has been interposed which has upper and lower faces perfectly flat and parallel to each other and whose height is known with great precision.
  • the length measuring head 16 which is responsible for palpating the surface of the machined parts 12 and of the reference part 14 is a conventional mechanical measuring head which comprises a button 18 and an inductive or capacitive transducer not shown, housed inside a box 20 from which this button partially emerges.
  • This measuring head is mounted at the end of the crosspiece of a very rigid bracket 22 and integral with the frame of the grinding machine by means of a bearing without play which is not visible in FIG. 1 but one of which possible embodiment will be described below, so as to be able to pivot around an axis between a measurement position shown in solid lines in the drawing and a release position shown in dotted lines which are located at 90 ° from each other and defined by stops also not visible.
  • This possibility of raising the head has at least two advantages: it facilitates the change of the machined parts and possibly of the reference part and it makes it possible to prevent the head from being damaged when parts with large thicknesses are machined. .
  • the head 16 When in the measurement position, the head 16 feels during each pass the surface of the machined parts 12 or at least some of them as well as that of the reference part 14 and it then produces a signal which is transmitted to an electronic measurement circuit 24 included in a measurement and control device 26, itself connected to the control (not shown) of the grinding machine.
  • this signal produced by the head 16 contains both the measurement signal and the reference signal which we have spoken of and which respectively represent the level of the upper surface of the machined parts. and that of the upper surface of the reference part, with respect to any horizontal plane linked to the frame 2.
  • the electronic measurement circuit 24 must therefore be able to separate these two signals.
  • the signal supplied by the measuring head also contains parts which correspond to the crossing by the key 18 of the intervals between the parts and possibly to that of grooves, clearances or other recesses than the upper surface of the parts. machined can present.
  • the signal from the measurement head is first amplified as it is by an amplifier 28.
  • the amplified signal is applied on the one hand to a storage circuit 30, responsible for bridging the interruptions of which we have just spoken or, more precisely, for removing the parts of the signal which correspond to these interruptions and, on the other hand, for a sample and hold circuit 32 responsible for recording the value of the amplified reference signal at the time when the measuring head palpates the reference piece and keeping this value in memory until it happens again.
  • this circuit 32 is connected to a switch 34 which is actuated by a cam secured to the table at the moment when the measuring head palpates the reference part. and which then applies a sample taking signal to it.
  • Another possibility would be to use not a switch but an inductive proximity sensor.
  • this switch and this cam are not necessary.
  • the machine control can know when the reference part passes under the measuring head and itself supply a sample taking signal to the sampling and holding circuit.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the storage circuit 30 is implemented.
  • This circuit which is already widely used in machine tool measuring and control devices and not only in plane grinders, to fulfill the same function therein, comprises two identical analog memories 48 and 50 which both receive the signal coming from amplifier 28 (see FIG. 1), a circuit 52 controlled by a clock 54 for periodically discharging and alternately these two memories and another circuit 56 for permanently selecting the higher of the two respective values that they contain and supplying this value at its output.
  • the two memories 48 and 50 are produced as peak detectors.
  • each of them is constituted by a circuit which comprises an operational amplifier 58, respectively 60, whose non-inverting input is connected to the output of the amplifier 28, a diode 62, respectively 64, which connects the output of this amplifier on the one hand at its inverting input, so that it is subjected to a feedback when this diode is conductive and, on the other hand, at the output of the circuit, and a capacitor 66, respectively 68, connected between this output and ground.
  • each of these two memories is loaded with the maximum value of the part due signal which is applied to it at that time.
  • the discharge circuit 52 comprises, for each memory, a bipolar transistor, for example of the npn type 70, respectively 72, the conduction path of which connects the output of this memory to ground and the base of which is connected to the one of the two outputs of the clock 54, by means of a differentiating circuit constituted by a resistor 74, respectively 76, and a capacitor 78, respectively 80.
  • the clock 54 is therefore designed to produce two rectangular periodic signals, in phase opposition, which are transformed by the differentiating circuits 74,78 and 76,80 into two other signals of the same period and also in phase opposition each formed by pulses of alternating polarity, of much shorter duration than the half-period of the rectangular signals from which they originate and which act only at a rate of one in two to make the transistors 70 and 72 alternately conductive.
  • each positive pulse which is produced by one of the differentiating circuits at the same time as a pulse negative is produced by the other simply has a straight rising edge, which corresponds to that of a positive half-wave of the rectangular signal from which it comes, and an exponential falling edge and this pulse makes it possible to restore the transistor to which it is applied driver.
  • each negative pulse which is produced by this same differentiating circuit at the same time as a positive pulse is produced by the other has a straight falling edge, which corresponds to that of a negative half-wave of the rectangular signal, and a exponential rising edge and this pulse leaves the transistor to which it is applied blocked.
  • the period of the signals supplied by the clock 54 and of these pulses can take several values, for example between 12 and 1600 ms.
  • circuit 56 comprises two operational amplifiers 84 and 86, the non-inverting inputs of which are connected to the outputs of memories 48 and 50, two diodes 88 and 90 by means of which the outputs of these amplifiers are connected both to their respective inverting inputs and to the output of the circuit and a resistor 92 connected between this output and the ground.
  • the memory circuit which has just been described can only play its role correctly if at any time one at least of the two memories contains a useful measured value, that is to say a value which does not does not correspond to an interval between two parts or to any recesses of any shape that these may have.
  • the period of the signals produced by the clock must be greater than the time taken by the probe of the measuring head to pass the longest of these interruptions, including that which corresponds to the passage of the key on the workpiece. reference.
  • the circuit provides at its output a signal which constantly represents the level of the highest points of the machined surface.
  • the measurement circuit 24 further comprises two operational amplifiers 38 and 40 whose non-inverting inputs are connected respectively at the outputs of the storage circuit 30 and of the sampling and maintenance circuit 32.
  • the amplifier 40 has its inverting input connected to a potentiometer 42 and its output at the inverting input of the amplifier 38.
  • the potentiometer 42 is used to initially introduce into the measurement circuit the algebraic value of the difference between the exact thickness of the reference part and the final dimension to be reached for the machined parts which is in the present case negative.
  • the figure shows one of these comparators, consisting for example of a Schmitt trigger, which is designated by the reference 46 and which may be the one which produces the command signal to reverse the grinding wheel when the parts have reached their final rating.
  • the first is that the operations carried out by the two operational amplifiers 38 and 40 amount to subtracting the value of the reference signal contained in the circuit sampling and holding 32 of that of the measurement signal processed by the storage device 30 and to add to the result the difference between the thickness of the reference part and the final dimension of the machined parts, even if practically we start with subtract this difference from the value of the reference signal.
  • the second remark is that we could very well connect the amplifiers otherwise so that they perform the operations which make it possible to obtain the resulting signal in another order.
  • the measuring head 16 represented here schematically by a diamond
  • the amplifier 28 the storage circuit 30, the sampling and holding circuit 32, the operational amplifiers 38 and 40 and the potentiometer. 42 which form part of the electronic measurement circuit 24, the latter being able to be included in the same measurement and control device 26 as previously, the figure of which again shows only the display device 44 and the comparator 46.
  • these means are designed to deliver a sample taking signal when the value of the composite signal supplied by the amplifier 28 remains included for a time greater than a minimum time determined between a lower limit value which is slightly lower than the measurement value of the reference part and an upper limit value between this measurement value of the reference part and that which corresponds to the nominal dimension of the machined parts.
  • They include two Schmitt flip-flops 94 and 96 which both receive the output signal from amplifier 28.
  • the first, 94, of these flip-flops is connected to a first potentiometer 98 which makes it possible to adjust its low or falling threshold to the upper limit of which we have just spoken and to its complementary output Q connected to one of the two inputs of an ET 102 door.
  • the second flip-flop 96 is connected to a second potentiometer 100 which makes it possible to adjust its high or rising threshold to the upper limit value which has also just been mentioned and to its output Q connected to the other input of gate AND 102.
  • the threshold of the flip-flop 94 corresponds to a level very close to that of the upper surface of the reference piece, it may be that when it goes back up on this piece, after having gone down in the interval which separates from one of the neighboring machined parts, the key oscillates enough so that it also appears because of this one or more short pulses at the output of the AND gate.
  • timing circuit RC 104 which transmits only pulses whose duration is equal to or greater than a determined value and whose long pulse it receives at time of passage of the measurement key on the reference part is naturally part.
  • this long pulse is reshaped by another Schmitt flip-flop 106 then applied to the sampling and holding circuit which is connected to the output Q of this flip-flop 106.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows, in section, a pneumatic measuring head which can often advantageously replace a mechanical type head in measuring equipment according to the invention.
  • This head which is designated by the reference 108, is constituted by a body 109, for example cylindrical or parallelepipedal, in which there is a pneumatic measuring system and a system which makes it possible to clean the surface of the parts to be measured.
  • the measurement system comprises a pipe 110 which is conventionally connected to a source (not shown), supplying compressed air at a regulated pressure, and which is divided into two branches 112 and 114.
  • One of these branches, 112 is delimited by an inlet nozzle 116 and a measurement nozzle 118 situated at the end of the body 109 which is intended to be brought opposite and near the surface of the parts to be measured.
  • the other branch 114 is delimited by an inlet nozzle 120 and a reference nozzle 122 which can be adjustable.
  • these two branches are connected to a differential pressure transducer with semiconductor element 124 which is electrically connected to a connection terminal 126 making it possible to supply it and to collect the signal representative of the pressure difference between the branches it provides.
  • This transducer 124 which could be connected to the amplifier 28 of the measurement circuit 24, if the measurement head 16 were replaced by that which is being described, is essentially constituted by a semiconductor wafer in which was made a membrane, by methods, of chemical machining, a bridge of piezoresistors formed on this membrane and amplifier elements.
  • the advantages of a pneumatic measurement compared to a contact measurement are the absence of wear of the head, a better time constant, negligible hysteresis, better resolution and insensitivity to mechanical vibrations and to shocks.
  • the cleaning system simply comprises a line 128 through which compressed air arrives, with sufficient pressure to achieve the desired goal, and which leads to two nozzles 130 and 132 located on either side of the nozzle. measured
  • the head when the head is mounted on the frame of the grinding machine, it must be arranged so that the three nozzles 130, 132 and 118 are roughly aligned in the direction of movement of the parts.
  • FIG. 5 shows how a reference piece which is part of the measuring equipment according to the invention can advantageously be produced when this equipment is intended for a grinding machine whose table is magnetic.
  • This part on which a number indicating its thickness can be engraved, comprises a lower part 136 made of magnetic material, for example of normal steel, which allows its fixing on the table, surmounted by another part, made of non-magnetic material, by example in stainless steel or hard metal, which avoids sticking of chips on its upper face.
  • a lower part 136 made of magnetic material, for example of normal steel, which allows its fixing on the table, surmounted by another part, made of non-magnetic material, by example in stainless steel or hard metal, which avoids sticking of chips on its upper face.
  • gauge blocks Furthermore, we can arrange for it to be possible to place gauge blocks on it. It is enough for that it has parallel and perfectly flat upper and lower faces so that the wedges can be attached to it, as they do between them, and that its thickness is known with as much precision as that of the latter.
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents, in axial section, a tilting bearing which can be used to mount the mechanical or pneumatic measuring head of the measuring equipment according to the invention on its support.
  • the bearing comprises a cylindrical casing 140 closed by a cover 142 and the bottom of which is pierced with a central hole 144 through which a shaft 146 passes.
  • This shaft has inside two frustoconical bearing surfaces 148 and 150, oriented in opposite directions, which are formed respectively by the oblique flank of a collar 152 and the bevelled part of a head 154 and which are engaged in two coaxial frustoconical seats correspondents 156 and 158.
  • the first, 156, of these seats is constituted simply by an internal countersink of the hole 144.
  • the second 158 is formed by a recess made in a part 160 which is fixed in the opening of an annular membrane 162 so as to be able to move axially, this membrane being pinched between the casing 140 and the cover 142, and which is permanently pushed against the bearing 150 of the shaft 146 by a coil spring 163 placed between it and this cover.
  • this shaft 146 has a toothing which is located at the bottom of a groove 164 formed by the collar 152 and the head 154 and which meshes with a rack 166 actuated for example by a pneumatic, hydraulic piston or electromagnetic not shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
EP88115798A 1987-10-01 1988-09-26 Verfahren und Messvorrichtung zur automatischen Steuerung des Vor- und Rückschubs der Schleifscheibe einer Flachschleifmaschine Withdrawn EP0309960A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8713707 1987-10-01
FR8713707A FR2621267A1 (fr) 1987-10-01 1987-10-01 Procede et equipement de mesure pour la commande automatique de l'avance et du recul de la meule d'une rectifieuse plane

Publications (1)

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EP0309960A1 true EP0309960A1 (de) 1989-04-05

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EP88115798A Withdrawn EP0309960A1 (de) 1987-10-01 1988-09-26 Verfahren und Messvorrichtung zur automatischen Steuerung des Vor- und Rückschubs der Schleifscheibe einer Flachschleifmaschine

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US (1) US4934105A (de)
EP (1) EP0309960A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01109067A (de)
FR (1) FR2621267A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0810067A1 (de) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-03 Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren und Gerät zum Messen des Durchmessers einer Walze in einer Walzenschleifmaschine

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GB2241063B (en) * 1990-02-14 1994-01-05 Rolls Royce Plc Monitoring a machining operation
JPH0577159A (ja) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-30 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 研削盤の被削材たわみ量演算方法
US5567195A (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-10-22 Tufts Grinding, Inc. Method and apparatus for grinding bars
EP0833721B1 (de) * 1995-06-13 2003-04-09 Diamond Tech, Incorporated Antriebsvorrichtungen für elektrische kraftwerkzeuge
JPH0966475A (ja) * 1995-06-13 1997-03-11 Diamond Tech Inc 動力工具駆動システム
DE10104287B4 (de) * 2001-01-30 2006-08-24 Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung aktueller Positionsdaten eines Bearbeitungswerkzeuges und Vorrichtung hierzu
GB201514154D0 (en) * 2015-08-11 2015-09-23 Fives Landis Ltd Grinding error compensation

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US4539777A (en) * 1983-12-02 1985-09-10 Control Gaging, Inc. Machining in-process gage calibration from reference master

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0810067A1 (de) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-03 Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren und Gerät zum Messen des Durchmessers einer Walze in einer Walzenschleifmaschine

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JPH01109067A (ja) 1989-04-26
FR2621267A1 (fr) 1989-04-07
US4934105A (en) 1990-06-19

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