EP0309797B1 - Magnetic valve - Google Patents

Magnetic valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0309797B1
EP0309797B1 EP88114822A EP88114822A EP0309797B1 EP 0309797 B1 EP0309797 B1 EP 0309797B1 EP 88114822 A EP88114822 A EP 88114822A EP 88114822 A EP88114822 A EP 88114822A EP 0309797 B1 EP0309797 B1 EP 0309797B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston slide
space
bore
annular
electromagnetic valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88114822A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0309797A2 (en
EP0309797A3 (en
Inventor
Ernst Dipl.-Ing. Linder
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Rembold
Manfred Dipl.-Ing. Ruoff
Walter Schlagmüller
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0309797A2 publication Critical patent/EP0309797A2/en
Publication of EP0309797A3 publication Critical patent/EP0309797A3/en
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Publication of EP0309797B1 publication Critical patent/EP0309797B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46Valves
    • F02M59/466Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a solenoid valve according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a solenoid valve known from DE-A-3 302 294
  • the two end sides of the piston slide have surfaces of different sizes and each of these end faces encloses a pressure chamber.
  • Both pressure chambers are connected to each other via an axial bore in the piston valve and are each connected to the high-pressure side and to the relief side by throttling play of the adjacent piston guide. Due to the uneven volume change of these pressure chambers during the piston slide stroke, a piston slide movement can only take place if pressure medium also flows in or out via the above-mentioned play.
  • both pressure spaces fill up to the high pressure level.
  • the solenoid valve according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 has the advantage over the prior art that the closing element of the solenoid valve, the piston slide, is pressure-balanced not only in the closed state but also in the opening movement.
  • pressure differences at the spool due to time differences of pressure waves, which are triggered on the fluid to be controlled during the opening and closing process of the spool, are avoided by the relief and reduced in a metered manner at the throttle.
  • FIG. 1 shows the first embodiment of the Invention with coaxial, relieving throttle in the wall of the space enclosed by the second cylindrical part
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the solenoid valve with a piston valve provided with a longitudinal through-bore, from whose through-bore a relief throttle leads radially to the annular recess
  • Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention Solenoid valve with a piston slide, the second cylindrical part of which forms a throttle gap with the connection bore
  • FIG. 1 shows the first embodiment of the Invention with coaxial, relieving throttle in the wall of the space enclosed by the second cylindrical part
  • Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention Solenoid valve with a piston slide, the second cylindrical part of which forms a throttle gap with the connection bore
  • FIG. 1 shows the first embodiment of the Invention with coaxial, relieving throttle in the wall of the space enclosed by the second cylindrical part
  • Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention Solenoid valve with a piston slide, the second cylindrical part of which forms a
  • FIG 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the solenoid valve according to the invention, in which only a part of the guide part is exposed to the fluid pressure and the remaining end face is connected to the ambient air via a throttle and
  • Figure 5 shows a fifth embodiment in which the piston valve is sealed by sealing rings and the two front spaces on the piston valve are connected to the ambient air via a throttle.
  • Figure 1 shows the first embodiment of the solenoid valve according to the invention.
  • This has a valve housing 1, which contains a two-stage axial stepped bore with a first stepped bore part 2, which merges with a shoulder 3 lying in a radial plane into the second, middle stepped bore part 4, which in turn merges into the third stepped bore part 5.
  • the transition has a shoulder tapering with a first cone angle ⁇ 1 to the third stepped bore part, which serves as valve seat 7.
  • the third stepped bore part is closed at the end by a plate 8 and has a passage coaxial as a throttle 9.
  • the second stepped bore part 4 serves as a guide bore of a guide part 11 of a piston slide 12, which is connected to the guide part Adjacent has a transition part in the form of an annular recess 14, which forms a sharp sealing edge 15 with the guide part with a diameter corresponding to the guide part diameter, with which the piston slide comes into contact with the valve seat 7 in the closed position.
  • the annular recess 14 extends into the third stepped bore part 5, which forms a connecting bore with a reduced diameter coaxial to the guide bore, and merges there into a second cylindrical part 16 of the piston slide sliding in the coaxial connecting bore.
  • the piston slide has a conical lateral boundary wall of the recess 14 with a second cone angle ⁇ 2 which is greater than the first cone angle ⁇ 1.
  • the sealing line 15 thus always determines the narrowest opening cross section of the solenoid valve.
  • An annular space 17 is formed directly adjacent to the valve seat 7 on the guide bore side, in which the lateral boundary wall forming the valve seat 7, which extends conically with the cone angle 1, and into which the guide bore 4 opens.
  • a connecting line 18 leads radially into the annular space 17 and leads from a high-pressure space, not shown here, which is at least temporarily brought to a high fluid pressure.
  • Such a high-pressure chamber is, in particular, a pump work chamber of a fuel injection pump, in which the high-pressure delivery phase to injectors is controlled by not relieving the pressure on the pump work chamber during the delivery stroke of the pump piston of the fuel injection pump.
  • a pump work chamber of a fuel injection pump in which the high-pressure delivery phase to injectors is controlled by not relieving the pressure on the pump work chamber during the delivery stroke of the pump piston of the fuel injection pump.
  • a relief chamber which can be, for example, the pump suction chamber which is often provided in an injection pump and is located at a low pressure level.
  • the connecting line can also lead to a fluid storage container, in the exemplary embodiment mentioned above to a fuel storage container or to the suction side of a pre-feed pump provided in such fuel injection pumps.
  • the piston slide 12 also has on its guide part 11 an axial threaded bore 20 into which an actuating rod 21 is screwed, to the end of which a flat armature 22 is fastened.
  • the magnetic core 23 with winding 24 of the electromagnet 29, which acts on the armature 22, is inserted in the first stepped bore part adjacent to the shoulder 3.
  • the first stepped bore part is finally sealed by a cover 25.
  • the actuating rod is provided with an axial bore 26, through which a transverse bore 27 leads, which opens in the area of the magnetic core and connects the first stepped bore part 2 and the space 28 delimiting on the end face from the adjacent piston slide 12 with a through channel 30 in the piston slide 12.
  • the through channel opens into the space 31 enclosed by the second cylindrical part 16 in the connection bore 5 and, together with the axial bore 26 or the transverse bore 27, represents a connecting channel between the spaces 31 and 28.
  • a return spring 32 designed as a compression spring, clamped, which moves the spool in the open position of the solenoid valve when the electromagnet is not energized.
  • the open position of the piston slide is limited by a stop 33 formed on the cover 25, against which the actuating rod 21 or the armature 22 comes to rest.
  • the spool is pressure-balanced in its closed position, since the high pressure supplied by the connecting line 18 does not find any axial contact surface in the annular space 17. Since the two end faces of the piston slide are connected to one another by the connecting channel 26, 27, 30, pressure compensation also prevails here.
  • the excited electromagnet 29 therefore only needs to overcome the force of the return spring 32. Moves the return spring 32 den Piston slide in the opening direction, fuel quantities are displaced by the piston slide, which can flow over the connecting channel 26, 30. Since the spaces 31 and 28 are relieved of pressure, no hindering pressures are built up here, but pressure waves are compensated at the throttle 9 provided, so that the piston slide can move continuously into the open position without uncontrolled adjusting movements taking place.
  • a further advantage is that the mass of the solenoid valve which is moved can be kept small with the aid of the through-channel 30 of the axial bore 26. By using the actuating rod, the mass is further reduced and the magnetic core can overlap radially inward, the piston slide 12, which leads to an elongated, compact shape of the solenoid valve.
  • Figure 2 shows a modified solenoid valve with essentially the same parts.
  • the space 31 is no longer relieved of the throttle lying coaxially to the axis of the piston slide but via a throttle 9 ', which is located in the wall of the piston slide 12' and connects the through-channel 30 with the annular recess 14.
  • the actuating rod 21 ' is also formed as a tube with only a slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the guide member 11.
  • This actuating rod like that of FIG. 1, is made from non-magnetic material in order to prevent sticking to the stop 33.
  • the actuating rod 21 ' has a transverse bore 27 which defines the space 28 with the through-channel 30 or the wide axial bore 26 'connects.
  • the operation of this valve is otherwise the same as in the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 A more modified form of the solenoid valve is shown in FIG. 3.
  • a two-stage stepped bore is likewise provided in a valve housing 51, the middle or second stepped bore part 54 being designed analogously to the second stepped bore part 4 of FIG. 1. Only here this second stepped bore part is not at the same time the guide part of the spool.
  • the second stepped bore part 54 in turn merges by means of a cone-shaped shoulder, which is designed as a valve seat 57, into a third stepped bore part which, analogously to FIG. 1, forms the coaxial connecting bore 55.
  • this also opens into an adjoining, front-side space 61, which, however, in a departure from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, is now closed by the housing of an electromagnet 62 with a magnetic core 63 and winding 64.
  • the piston slide 65 in this embodiment has a diameter which is interrupted by an annular recess 66 and thereby separates the piston slide into the guide part 67 and the lower second cylindrical part 68.
  • the guide part 67 is mounted in a bushing 69 which is inserted into the first stepped bore part 52 and projects far into the second stepped bore part 54 with a reduced diameter.
  • the edge between the guide part 67 and a tapered axial boundary of the recess 66 also works together with the valve seat as a sealing edge 70.
  • the piston slide has a part 71 with a reduced diameter which protrudes from the guide bore 73 provided with the inner bore of the bush 69 and carries a spring plate 74 at its end.
  • a return spring 75 is supported on this, which on the other hand rests on the valve housing, especially one supported on the bush 69 stop plate 76, which in turn is held by a cover cap 60 that encloses the valve housing and encloses the space 28 of FIG.
  • the space 61 is connected to the radial recess 79 provided again in the connection bore 55 via a slight reduction in the diameter of the spool to form an annular gap 78. From this an outlet opening 80 of the connecting line 18 leads to the relief space.
  • this connecting line comes from the high-pressure chamber into the second stepped bore part 54, which together with the bush 69 forms the annular space 17 according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the spaces 61 and 72 are still connected to one another by a connecting channel 82, just as the piston slide finally has a through channel 83, which here serves more to reduce the moving mass than the fuel guide and which can be closed on one side, for example.
  • This configuration has the advantage that the piston slide is of very slim design and that the piston slide can be produced from rod material with a few machining steps.
  • FIG essentially a training course from Figure 2 is, only one of the rooms with fuel.
  • a flat recess 86 is provided in the end piece of the guide bore 4 ', in which a round cord ring 87 is mounted, which comes with its inner contour to the actuating rod 21 ⁇ , which is carried out analogously to that of Figure 2.
  • the space 89 enclosed between the round cord ring 87 and the remaining, annular end face 88 between the actuating rod 21stange and the outer circumference of the guide part 11 is relieved via the transverse bore 27 branching off here to the axial bore 26 ⁇ , which merges into the through-channel 30 of the piston slide 12 ⁇ .
  • the space 31 enclosed by the second cylindrical part 16, into which the through hole 30 opens, is relieved via opening 90.
  • the armature-side end of the actuating rod 21 ⁇ is sealed by a likewise non-magnetic disc 92.
  • the space 28 'adjoining the round cord ring 87 on the armature side is relieved of ambient air via a throttle 93 in the cover 33'. If necessary, a filter 94 can be connected upstream.
  • This configuration has the advantage that the large-area armature 22 is no longer moved in a hydraulically damped manner in fluidic medium but in air, so that substantially lower restoring moments act on the piston slide and its actuating speed can be increased.
  • the round cord ring 87 provided for sealing is easily movable in the flat recess 86. Because of its free support, it can perform a flexing movement during the axial stroke of the piston valve, from which only slight counter-forces result, which therefore do not impair the movement of the piston valve. This type of installation is possible because there are practically no high pressures at the installation location.
  • a further development of the training according to FIG. 4 is shown.
  • the Round cord ring 87 is provided on the guide bore 4 'and the space on the armature side is relieved thereof via the throttle 93.
  • This measure of making one end-side space 28 "air-filled and relieving the atmosphere is carried on in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 at the other end of the piston valve 12"".
  • an annular flat recess 96 is also provided at the end of the connection bore 5" , into which a second round cord ring 97 is fitted, which here lies with its inside at the end of the second cylindrical part 16 in a sealing manner.
  • the disk 92 "which closes the axial bore 26" in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • the spool has a very low moving mass and can be brought into its end positions very quickly in conjunction with the low displacement forces.
  • part 71 of the piston slide has a plate-shaped stop 104 which, like the spring plate 74, can be screwed onto part 71 and is adjustably fixed there.
  • the stop 104 is between the Arranged spring plate and the end of part 71 and projects radially beyond spring plate 74.
  • the cover cap 60 has a cylindrical inner circumferential wall 105 which is provided with a thread 106 into which an adjustable annular stop 103 is screwed. At this stop, a second spring plate 101 comes into contact on the guide bore side, between which and the stop plate 76 a second compression spring 100 is clamped.
  • the piston slide is in the open position when the magnet is not energized. It is held in this by the return spring 75, a shoulder 108 between the guide part 67 and part 71 coming to rest against the stop plate 76.
  • the piston slide is displaced axially against the force of the return spring 75 in the closing direction until it comes to rest against the spring plate 101 with the adjustable stop 104.
  • This position brings about a partial closing position of the solenoid valve, in which, in a throttled manner, fluid can flow away via the connecting line 18 for partial relief. From a second excitation level of the magnet, the biasing force of the second spring 100 is then overcome and the piston slide is brought into the closed position.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that a large relief cross-section of the connecting line 18 during the suction and control phase z. B. a pump workspace is available. This results in quick relief and, when used with fuel injection pumps, also by relieving the pressure on the pump workspace, an exact end to the high-pressure delivery phase. If the connecting line also serves as a filling line for the pump work area, the large connecting cross-section with the solenoid valve fully open provides a large overflow cross-section that ensures good filling of the Pump work space guaranteed. At the beginning of the delivery stroke of the pump piston of an assigned fuel injection pump, the connecting line can initially be partially closed for the start of injection and then closed completely to determine the actual start of the high-pressure delivery phase of the pump piston.
  • the connecting line 18 can be switched very large, since it is not the total stroke of the piston slide that is used to determine the start of the high-pressure delivery phase. Because of the large overflow cross sections, the connecting line can advantageously also be used in principle as a filling line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht von einem Magnetventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs aus. Bei einem solchen aus der DE-A-3 302 294 bekannten Magnetventil haben die beiden Endseiten des Kolbenschiebers Flächen unterschiedlicher Größe und es schließt jede dieser Stirnseiten einen Druckraum ein. Beide Druckräume sind über eine Axialbohrung im Kolbenschieber miteinander verbunden und sind über je ein drosselndes Spiel der daran angrenzenden Kolbenführung mit der Hochdruckseite und zugleich mit der Entlastungsseite verbunden. Durch die beim Kolbenschieberhub ungleiche Volumenänderung dieser Druckräume kann eine Kolbenschieberbewegung nur dann erfolgen, wenn zugleich Druckmedium über das obengenannte Spiel zufließt bzw. abfließt. In den Stillstandzeiten des Kolbenschiebers, das heißt in seiner Schließstellung füllen sich beide Druckräume auf das Hochdruckniveau auf. Mit dieser Ausgestaltung soll eine gedämpfte Verstellung des Kolbenschiebers gewährleistet werden, um stabile und kontrollierte Bewegungen des Kolbenschiebers zu erzielen und damit ein genaueres Steuerergebnis zu bekommen. Diese Ausgestaltung hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Steuergeschwindigkeit des Kolbenschiebers erheblich dann reduziert wird, wenn nicht das Spiel auf der Hochdruck- und auf der Niederdruckseite in der Kolbenführung groß gemacht wird. Die Vergrößerung des Spiels hat naturgemäß eine Undichtigkeit des Ventils zur Folge und damit eine ungenaue Steuerung bzw. Reduzierung des Hochdruckniveaus, das eingehalten werden soll. Im anderen Fall, bei kleinem Spiel muß zum Schalten des Ventils eine erhebliche Energie aufgewendet werden. Dies erfordert wiederum große Stellwerke, die schon vom Platzbedarf her Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Beim Stand der Technik ist zum Schalten des Kolbenschiebers ein sehr groß bauender Doppelmagnet erforderlich.The invention is based on a solenoid valve according to the preamble of the main claim. In such a solenoid valve known from DE-A-3 302 294, the two end sides of the piston slide have surfaces of different sizes and each of these end faces encloses a pressure chamber. Both pressure chambers are connected to each other via an axial bore in the piston valve and are each connected to the high-pressure side and to the relief side by throttling play of the adjacent piston guide. Due to the uneven volume change of these pressure chambers during the piston slide stroke, a piston slide movement can only take place if pressure medium also flows in or out via the above-mentioned play. When the spool is at a standstill, i.e. in its closed position, both pressure spaces fill up to the high pressure level. With this configuration, a damped adjustment of the piston valve is to be ensured in order to achieve stable and controlled movements of the piston valve and thus a more precise one Get tax result. However, this configuration has the disadvantage that the control speed of the spool is considerably reduced if the play on the high-pressure and on the low-pressure side is not made large in the piston guide. The increase in the play naturally results in a leak in the valve and thus inaccurate control or reduction of the high pressure level that is to be maintained. In the other case, with a small amount of play, considerable energy must be used to switch the valve. This in turn requires large signal boxes, which already cause difficulties due to the space requirement. In the prior art, a very large double magnet is required to switch the spool.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Magnetventil mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des Anspruchs 1 hat gegenüber dem Stand der Technik den Vorteil, daß das Schließglied des Magnetventils, der Kolbenschieber, nicht nur im Schließzustand sondern auch in Öffnungsbewegung druckausgeglichen ist. Darüber hinaus werden Druckdifferenzen am Kolbenschieber aufgrund von Laufzeitunterschieden von Druckwellen, die am zu steuernden Fluid beim Öffnungs- und Schließvorgang des Kolbenschiebers ausgelöst werden, durch die Entlastung vermieden und an der Drossel dosiert abgebaut.The solenoid valve according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 has the advantage over the prior art that the closing element of the solenoid valve, the piston slide, is pressure-balanced not only in the closed state but also in the opening movement. In addition, pressure differences at the spool due to time differences of pressure waves, which are triggered on the fluid to be controlled during the opening and closing process of the spool, are avoided by the relief and reduced in a metered manner at the throttle.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Lösung gekennzeichnet.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the solution specified in the main claim are characterized by the measures listed in the subclaims.

Zeichnungdrawing

Fünf Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit koaxialer, entlastenden Drossel in der Wand vom zweiten zylindrischen Teil eingeschlossenen Raum, Figur 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Magnetventils mit einem mit einer Längsdurchgangsbohrung versehenen Kolbenschieber, von dessen Durchgangsbohrung radial eine entlastende Drossel zur ringförmigen Ausnehmung führt, Figur 3 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Magnetventils mit einem Kolbenschieber, dessen zweiter zylindrischer Teil mit der Anschlüßbohrung einen Drosselspalt bildet, Figur 4 ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Magnetventils, bei dem nur ein Teil des Führungsteils dem Fluiddruck ausgesetzt ist und die restliche Stirnfläche über eine Drossel mit der Umgebungsluft in Verbindung steht und Figur 5 ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der Kolbenschieber durch Dichtringe abgedichtet ist und die beiden stirnseitigen Räume am Kolbenschieber über eine Drossel mit der Umgebungsluft verbunden sind.Five exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the description below. FIG. 1 shows the first embodiment of the Invention with coaxial, relieving throttle in the wall of the space enclosed by the second cylindrical part, Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the solenoid valve with a piston valve provided with a longitudinal through-bore, from whose through-bore a relief throttle leads radially to the annular recess, Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention Solenoid valve with a piston slide, the second cylindrical part of which forms a throttle gap with the connection bore, FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the solenoid valve according to the invention, in which only a part of the guide part is exposed to the fluid pressure and the remaining end face is connected to the ambient air via a throttle and Figure 5 shows a fifth embodiment in which the piston valve is sealed by sealing rings and the two front spaces on the piston valve are connected to the ambient air via a throttle.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Figur 1 zeigt das erste Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Magnetventils. Dieses weist ein Ventilgehäuse 1 auf, das eine zweistufige axiale Stufenbohrung enthält mit einem ersten Stufenbohrungsteil 2, der mit einer in einer Radialebene liegenden Schulter 3 in den zweiten, mittleren Stufenbohrungsteil 4 übergeht, welcher wiederum in den dritten Stufenbohrungsteil 5 übergeht. Der Übergang weist dabei eine mit einem ersten kegelwinkel α 1 sich zum dritten Stufenbohrungsteil verjüngende Schulter auf, die als Ventilsitz 7 dient. Der dritte Stufenbohrungsteil ist stirnseitig durch eine Platte 8 verschlossen und weist koaxial einen als Drossel 9 ausgebildeten Durchgang auf.Figure 1 shows the first embodiment of the solenoid valve according to the invention. This has a valve housing 1, which contains a two-stage axial stepped bore with a first stepped bore part 2, which merges with a shoulder 3 lying in a radial plane into the second, middle stepped bore part 4, which in turn merges into the third stepped bore part 5. The transition has a shoulder tapering with a first cone angle α 1 to the third stepped bore part, which serves as valve seat 7. The third stepped bore part is closed at the end by a plate 8 and has a passage coaxial as a throttle 9.

Der zweite Stufenbohrungsteil 4 dient als Führungsbohrung eines Führungsteils 11 eines Kolbenschiebers 12, der an das Führungsteil angrenzend ein Übergangsteil in Form einer ringförmigen Ausnehmung 14 aufweist, die mit dem Führungsteil eine scharfe Dichtkante 15 mit einem Durchmesser entsprechend dem Führungsteildurchmesser bildet, mit der der Kolbenschieber in Schließstellung am Ventilsitz 7 zur Anlage kommt. Die ringförmige Ausnehmung 14 reicht in den, eine zur Führungsbohrung koaxialen Anschlußbohrung mit reduziertem Durchmesser, bildenden dritten Stufenbohrungsteil 5 hinein und geht dort über in einen zweiten, in der koaxialen Anschlußbohrung gleitenden zylindrischen Teil 16 des Kolbenschiebers. Zur Bildung der Dichtkante 15 weist der Kolbenschieber eine kegelförmige seitliche Begrenzungswand der Ausnehmung 14 auf mit einem zweiten Kegelwinkel α 2 der größer ist als der erste Kegelwinkel α 1. Damit bestimmt die Dichtlinie 15 jeweils immer den engsten Öffnungsquerschnitt des Magnetventils. Unmittelbar an den Ventilsitz 7 führungsbohrungsseitig angrenzend ist ein Ringraum 17 gebildet, in dem sich die den Ventilsitz 7 bildende, kegelförmig mit dem Kegelwinkel 1 verlaufende seitliche Begrenzungswand fortsetzt und in den die Führungsbohrung 4 einmündet. In den Ringraum 17 radial mündet eine Verbindungsleitung 18 die von einem hier nicht weiter dargestellten Hochdruckraum herführt, der zumindest zeitweise auf einen hohen Fluiddruck gebracht wird. Ein solcher Hochdruckraum ist insbesondere ein Pumpenarbeitsraum einer Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe, bei der durch Nichtentlasten des Pumpenarbeitsraums während des Förderhubes des Pumpenkolbens der Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe die Hochdruckförderphase zu Einspritzventilen gesteuert wird. Dies kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Magnetventil geschehen. In der Wand der koaxialen Anschlußbohrung 5 ist ferner eine Ringnut 19 vorgesehen, die ständig in Verbindung mit der ringförmigen Ausnehmung 14 ist und von der die Verbindungsleitung 18 weiterführt zu einem Entlastungsraum, der z.B. der in einer Einspritzpumpe häufig vorgesehene, auf niedrigem Druckniveau befindliche Pumpensaugraum sein kann. Die Verbindungsleitung kann zur Entlastung jedoch auch zu einem Fluidvorratsbehälter, im obenerwähnten Ausführungsbeispiel zu einem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter führen oder zur Saugseite einer bei solchen Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpen vorgesehenen Vorförderpumpe.The second stepped bore part 4 serves as a guide bore of a guide part 11 of a piston slide 12, which is connected to the guide part Adjacent has a transition part in the form of an annular recess 14, which forms a sharp sealing edge 15 with the guide part with a diameter corresponding to the guide part diameter, with which the piston slide comes into contact with the valve seat 7 in the closed position. The annular recess 14 extends into the third stepped bore part 5, which forms a connecting bore with a reduced diameter coaxial to the guide bore, and merges there into a second cylindrical part 16 of the piston slide sliding in the coaxial connecting bore. To form the sealing edge 15, the piston slide has a conical lateral boundary wall of the recess 14 with a second cone angle α 2 which is greater than the first cone angle α 1. The sealing line 15 thus always determines the narrowest opening cross section of the solenoid valve. An annular space 17 is formed directly adjacent to the valve seat 7 on the guide bore side, in which the lateral boundary wall forming the valve seat 7, which extends conically with the cone angle 1, and into which the guide bore 4 opens. A connecting line 18 leads radially into the annular space 17 and leads from a high-pressure space, not shown here, which is at least temporarily brought to a high fluid pressure. Such a high-pressure chamber is, in particular, a pump work chamber of a fuel injection pump, in which the high-pressure delivery phase to injectors is controlled by not relieving the pressure on the pump work chamber during the delivery stroke of the pump piston of the fuel injection pump. This can be done with the solenoid valve according to the invention. In the wall of the coaxial connection bore 5, an annular groove 19 is also provided, which is constantly in connection with the annular recess 14 and from which the connecting line 18th leads to a relief chamber, which can be, for example, the pump suction chamber which is often provided in an injection pump and is located at a low pressure level. For relief, however, the connecting line can also lead to a fluid storage container, in the exemplary embodiment mentioned above to a fuel storage container or to the suction side of a pre-feed pump provided in such fuel injection pumps.

Der Kolbenschieber 12 weist ferner an seinem Führungsteil 11 eine axiale Gewindebohrung 20 auf, in die eine Betätigungsstange 21 eingeschraubt ist, an derem Ende ein Flachanker 22 befestigt ist. In den ersten Stufenbohrungsteil ist dabei angrenzend an die Schulter 3 der Magnetkern 23 mit Wicklung 24 des Elektromagneten 29 eingesetzt, der auf den Anker 22 wirkt. Der erste Stufenbohrungsteil ist schließlich dicht durch einen Deckel 25 verschlossen.The piston slide 12 also has on its guide part 11 an axial threaded bore 20 into which an actuating rod 21 is screwed, to the end of which a flat armature 22 is fastened. The magnetic core 23 with winding 24 of the electromagnet 29, which acts on the armature 22, is inserted in the first stepped bore part adjacent to the shoulder 3. The first stepped bore part is finally sealed by a cover 25.

Die Betätigungsstange ist mit einer Axialbohrung 26 versehen, durch die eine Querbohrung 27 führt, die im Bereich des Magnetkerns mündet und den ersten Stufenbohrungsteil 2 und den stirnseitig vom daran angrenzenden Kolbenschieber 12 begrenzenden Raum 28 mit einem Durchgangskanal 30 im Kolbenschieber 12 verbindet. Der Durchgangskanal mündet in den stirnseitig von dem zweiten zylindrischen Teil 16 in der Anschlüßbohrung 5 eingeschlossenen Raum 31 und stellt zusammen mit der axialen Bohrung 26 bzw. der Querbohrung 27 einen Verbindungskanal zwischen den Räumen 31 und 28 dar. Zwischen der Platte 8 und einem sich verengenden Teil des Durchgangskanals 30 ist schließlich eine Rückstellfeder 32, als Druckfeder ausgeführt, eingespannt, die bei nicht erregtem Elektromagneten den Kolbenschieber in Öffnungsstellung des Magnetventils bewegt. Die Öffnungsstellung des Kolbenschiebers wird begrenzt durch einen am Deckel 25 ausgebildeten Anschlag 33, an dem die Betätigungsstange 21 bzw. der Anker 22 zur Anlage kommt.The actuating rod is provided with an axial bore 26, through which a transverse bore 27 leads, which opens in the area of the magnetic core and connects the first stepped bore part 2 and the space 28 delimiting on the end face from the adjacent piston slide 12 with a through channel 30 in the piston slide 12. The through channel opens into the space 31 enclosed by the second cylindrical part 16 in the connection bore 5 and, together with the axial bore 26 or the transverse bore 27, represents a connecting channel between the spaces 31 and 28. Between the plate 8 and a narrowing one Part of the passage 30 is finally a return spring 32, designed as a compression spring, clamped, which moves the spool in the open position of the solenoid valve when the electromagnet is not energized. The open position of the piston slide is limited by a stop 33 formed on the cover 25, against which the actuating rod 21 or the armature 22 comes to rest.

Bei dem solchermaßen ausgestalteten Magnetventil ist der Kolbenschieber in seiner Schließstellung druckausgeglichen, da der von der Verbindungsleitung 18 zugeführte Hochdruck im Ringraum 17 keine axiale Angriffsfläche findet. Da die beiden Stirnseiten des Kolbenschiebers miteinander durch den Verbindungskanal 26, 27, 30 verbunden sind, herrscht auch hier Druckausgleich. Der erregte Elektromagnet 29 braucht deshalb lediglich die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 32 zu überwinden. Bewegt die Rückstellfeder 32 den Kolbenschieber in Öffnungsrichtung, so werden von dem Kolbenschieber Kraftstoffmengen verdrängt, die über den Verbindungskanal 26, 30 überströmen können. Da die Räume 31 und 28 druckentlastet sind, werden hier keinen behindernden Drücke aufgebaut, Druckwellen werden jedoch an der vorgesehenen Drossel 9 ausgeglichen, so daß der Kolbenschieber sich kontinuierlich in Öffnungsstellung bewegen kann, ohne daß unkrontrollierte Stellbewegungen erfolgen. Durch die Druckentlastung der Stirnseiten erfolgt die Bewegung auch sehr schnell, so daß exakte Entlastungszeitpunkte des angeschlossenen Hochdruckraums erzielt werden. Durch die Druckentlastung werden am Kolbenschieber auch nur geringe Stellkräfte benötigt, um ihn in Schließstellung zu bringen. Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, daß mit Hilfe des Durchgangskanals 30 der Axialbohrung 26 bewegte Masse des Magnetventils kleingehalten werden kann. Durch die Verwendung der Betätigungsstange wird weiterhin die Masse reduziert und es kann der Magnetkern wesentlich nach radial innen, den Kolbenschieber 12 überlappen, was insgesamt zu einer gestreckten, kompakten Form des Magnetventils führt.In the solenoid valve designed in this way, the spool is pressure-balanced in its closed position, since the high pressure supplied by the connecting line 18 does not find any axial contact surface in the annular space 17. Since the two end faces of the piston slide are connected to one another by the connecting channel 26, 27, 30, pressure compensation also prevails here. The excited electromagnet 29 therefore only needs to overcome the force of the return spring 32. Moves the return spring 32 den Piston slide in the opening direction, fuel quantities are displaced by the piston slide, which can flow over the connecting channel 26, 30. Since the spaces 31 and 28 are relieved of pressure, no hindering pressures are built up here, but pressure waves are compensated at the throttle 9 provided, so that the piston slide can move continuously into the open position without uncontrolled adjusting movements taking place. By relieving the pressure on the end faces, the movement also takes place very quickly, so that exact times of relief of the connected high-pressure chamber are achieved. Due to the pressure relief, only small actuating forces are required on the piston valve to bring it into the closed position. A further advantage is that the mass of the solenoid valve which is moved can be kept small with the aid of the through-channel 30 of the axial bore 26. By using the actuating rod, the mass is further reduced and the magnetic core can overlap radially inward, the piston slide 12, which leads to an elongated, compact shape of the solenoid valve.

Figur 2 zeigt ein abgewandeltes Magnetventil mit im wesentlichen gleichen Teilen. Für den Hauptteil der Beschreibung wird demzufolge auf die Ausführung nach Figur 1 verwiesen. Abweichend hiervon ist jedoch, daß der Raum 31 nicht mehr über die koaxial zur Achse des Kolbenschiebers liegenden Drossel entlastet wird sondern über eine Drossel 9′, die sich in der Wand des Kolbenschiebers 12′ befindet und den Durchgangskanal 30 mit der ringförmigen Ausnehmung 14 verbindet. Abweichend vom Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 ist ferner die Betätigungsstange 21′ als Rohr mit nur geringfügig geringerem Durchmesser als der Durchmesser des Führungsteils 11 ausgebildet. Diese Betätigungsstange ist wie auch die von Figur 1 aus nicht magnetischen Werkstoff gefertigt, um ein Klebenbleiben am Anschlag 33 zu verhindern. Auch hier weist die Betätigungsstange 21′ eine Querbohrung 27 auf, die den Raum 28 mit dem Durchgangskanal 30 bzw. der weiten Axialbohrung 26' verbindet. Die Arbeitsweise dieses Ventils ist im übrigen gleich wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1.Figure 2 shows a modified solenoid valve with essentially the same parts. For the main part of the description, reference is therefore made to the embodiment according to FIG. Deviating from this, however, is that the space 31 is no longer relieved of the throttle lying coaxially to the axis of the piston slide but via a throttle 9 ', which is located in the wall of the piston slide 12' and connects the through-channel 30 with the annular recess 14. Deviating from the embodiment of Figure 1, the actuating rod 21 'is also formed as a tube with only a slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the guide member 11. This actuating rod, like that of FIG. 1, is made from non-magnetic material in order to prevent sticking to the stop 33. Here, too, the actuating rod 21 'has a transverse bore 27 which defines the space 28 with the through-channel 30 or the wide axial bore 26 'connects. The operation of this valve is otherwise the same as in the embodiment of Figure 1.

Eine stärker abgewandelte Form des Magnetventils zeigt Figur 3. Dort ist in einem Ventilgehäuse 51 ebenfalls eine zweistufige Stufenbohrung vorgesehen, wobei der mittlere oder zweite Stufenbohrungsteil 54 analog zum zweiten Stufenbohrungsteil 4 von Figur 1 ausgebildet ist. Nur ist hier dieser zweite Stufenbohrungsteil nicht zugleich Führungsteil des Kolbenschiebers. Der zweite Stufenbohrungsteil 54 geht wiederum mittels einer kegelmantelförmigen Schulter, die als Ventilsitz 57 ausgebildet ist, in einen dritten Stufenbohrungsteil über, der analog zu Figur 1 die koaxiale Anschlüßbohrung 55 bildet. Diese mündet schließlich ebenfalls in einen anschließenden, stirnseitigen Raum 61, der nun jedoch abweichend vom Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 durch das Gehäuse eines Elektromagneten 62 mit Magnetkern 63 und Wicklung 64 verschlossen wird.A more modified form of the solenoid valve is shown in FIG. 3. There, a two-stage stepped bore is likewise provided in a valve housing 51, the middle or second stepped bore part 54 being designed analogously to the second stepped bore part 4 of FIG. 1. Only here this second stepped bore part is not at the same time the guide part of the spool. The second stepped bore part 54 in turn merges by means of a cone-shaped shoulder, which is designed as a valve seat 57, into a third stepped bore part which, analogously to FIG. 1, forms the coaxial connecting bore 55. Finally, this also opens into an adjoining, front-side space 61, which, however, in a departure from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, is now closed by the housing of an electromagnet 62 with a magnetic core 63 and winding 64.

Der Kolbenschieber 65 bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel hat einen Durchmesser, der durch eine ringförmige Ausnehmung 66 unterbrochen ist und dabei den Kolbenschieber in den Führungsteil 67 und den unteren zweiten zylindrischen Teil 68 trennt. Der Führungsteil 67 ist in einer Buchse 69 gelagert, die in den ersten Stufenbohrungsteil 52 eingesetzt ist und weit mit reduziertem Durchmesser in den zweiten Stufenbohrungsteil 54 hineinragt. Mit dem Ventilsitz arbeitet auch hier die Kante zwischen Führungsteil 67 und einer kegelfärmig verlaufenden axialen Begrenzung der Ausnehmung 66 als Dichtkante 70 zusammen. Der Kolbenschieber weist einen Teil 71 mit reduziertem Durchmesser auf, der aus der mit der Innenbohrung der Buchse 69 zur Verfügung gestellten Führungsbohrung 73 herausragt und trägt an seinem Ende einen Federteller 74. An diesem stützt sich eine Rückstellfeder 75 ab, die sich andererseits am Ventilgehäuse, insbesondere einer über die Buchse 69 gelegten Anschlagplatte 76 abstützt , die ihrerseits durch eine das Ventilgehäuse abschließenden und eine dem Raum 28 von Figur 1 analogen Raum 72 einschließenden Abdeckkappe 60 gehalten wird.The piston slide 65 in this embodiment has a diameter which is interrupted by an annular recess 66 and thereby separates the piston slide into the guide part 67 and the lower second cylindrical part 68. The guide part 67 is mounted in a bushing 69 which is inserted into the first stepped bore part 52 and projects far into the second stepped bore part 54 with a reduced diameter. The edge between the guide part 67 and a tapered axial boundary of the recess 66 also works together with the valve seat as a sealing edge 70. The piston slide has a part 71 with a reduced diameter which protrudes from the guide bore 73 provided with the inner bore of the bush 69 and carries a spring plate 74 at its end. A return spring 75 is supported on this, which on the other hand rests on the valve housing, especially one supported on the bush 69 stop plate 76, which in turn is held by a cover cap 60 that encloses the valve housing and encloses the space 28 of FIG.

Am anderen Ende des Kolbenschiebers 67 ragt dieser in den Raum 61 und ist dort mit einem Anker 77 verbunden, der bei Erregung der Wicklung 64 den Kolbenschieber entgegen der Kraft der Rückstellfeder 75 mit der Dichtkante 70 auf den Ventilsitz 57 bewegt. Schließlich ist der Raum 61 über eine leichte Durchmesserreduzierung des Kolbenschiebers unter Bildung eines Ringspalts 78 mit der auch hier wieder in der Anschlüßbohrung 55 vorgesehenen radialen Ausnehmung 79 in Verbindung steht. Von dieser geht eine Austrittsöffnung 80 der Verbindungsleitung 18 zum Entlastungsraum ab. Diese Verbindungsleitung mündet andererseits herkommend vom Hochdruckraum in den zweiten Stufenbohrungsteil 54, der zusammen mit der Buchse 69 den Ringraum 17 gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 bildet. Schließlich sind die Räume 61 und 72 noch durch einen Verbindungskanal 82 miteinander verbunden, wie auch schließlich der Kolbenschieber einen Durchgangskanal 83 aufweist, der hier mehr der Reduzierung der bewegten Masse als der Kraftstofführung dient und der zum Beispiel einseitig verschlossen sein kann.At the other end of the spool 67, this protrudes into the space 61 and is connected there to an armature 77 which, when the winding 64 is excited, moves the spool against the force of the return spring 75 with the sealing edge 70 onto the valve seat 57. Finally, the space 61 is connected to the radial recess 79 provided again in the connection bore 55 via a slight reduction in the diameter of the spool to form an annular gap 78. From this an outlet opening 80 of the connecting line 18 leads to the relief space. On the other hand, this connecting line comes from the high-pressure chamber into the second stepped bore part 54, which together with the bush 69 forms the annular space 17 according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. Finally, the spaces 61 and 72 are still connected to one another by a connecting channel 82, just as the piston slide finally has a through channel 83, which here serves more to reduce the moving mass than the fuel guide and which can be closed on one side, for example.

Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, daß der Kolbenschieber sehr schlank ausgebildet ist und daß der Kolbenschieber aus Stangenmaterial mit wenigen Bearbeitungsgängen hergestellt werden kann.This configuration has the advantage that the piston slide is of very slim design and that the piston slide can be produced from rod material with a few machining steps.

Während bei den vorstehenden Ausführungsbeispielen die sich stirnseitig an den Kolbenschieber anschließenden Räume 31, 28 bzw. 61, 72 mit Kraftstoff gefüllt waren, insbesondere auch jener Raum, in dem sich der Anker 22 des Elektromagneten 29 bewegte, ist nun abweichend nach Figur 4, die im wesentlichen eine Weiterbildung von Figur 2 ist, nur noch einer der Räume mit Kraftstoff beaufschlagt. Zu diesem Zweck ist im Endstück der Führungsbohrung 4′ eine flache Ausnehmung 86 vorgesehen, in der ein Rundschnurring 87 gelagert ist, der mit seiner Innenkontur an der Betätigungsstange 21˝ zur Anlage kommt, die analog der nach Figur 2 ausgeführt ist. Der zwischen dem Rundschnurring 87 und der verbleibenden, ringförmigen Stirnseite 88 zwischen Betätigungsstange 21˝ und Außenumfang des Führungsteils 11 eingeschlossene Raum 89 wird über die hier abzweigende Querbohrung 27 zur Axialbohrung 26˝, die in den Durchgangskanal 30 des Kolbenschiebers 12˝ übergeht, entlastet. Der vom zweiten zylindrischen Teil 16 eingeschlossene Raum 31, in den die Durchgangssbohrung 30 mündet, ist über Öffnung 90 entlastet.While in the above exemplary embodiments the spaces 31, 28 and 61, 72 adjoining the piston slide on the end face were filled with fuel, in particular also the space in which the armature 22 of the electromagnet 29 was moving, the difference from FIG essentially a training course from Figure 2 is, only one of the rooms with fuel. For this purpose, a flat recess 86 is provided in the end piece of the guide bore 4 ', in which a round cord ring 87 is mounted, which comes with its inner contour to the actuating rod 21˝, which is carried out analogously to that of Figure 2. The space 89 enclosed between the round cord ring 87 and the remaining, annular end face 88 between the actuating rod 21stange and the outer circumference of the guide part 11 is relieved via the transverse bore 27 branching off here to the axial bore 26˝, which merges into the through-channel 30 of the piston slide 12˝. The space 31 enclosed by the second cylindrical part 16, into which the through hole 30 opens, is relieved via opening 90.

Das ankerseitige Ende der Betätigungsstange 21˝ ist durch eine ebenfalls antimagnetische Scheibe 92 dicht verschlossen. Der sich an den Rundschnurring 87 ankerseitig anschließende Raum 28˝ ist über eine Drossel 93 im Deckel 33′ zur Umgebungsluft entlastet. Gegebenenfalls kann ein Filter 94 vorgeschaltet werden.The armature-side end of the actuating rod 21˝ is sealed by a likewise non-magnetic disc 92. The space 28 'adjoining the round cord ring 87 on the armature side is relieved of ambient air via a throttle 93 in the cover 33'. If necessary, a filter 94 can be connected upstream.

Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, daß der großflächige Anker 22 nicht mehr hydraulisch gedämpft in Fluidikmittel bewegt wird sondern in Luft, so daß hier wesentlich geringere Rückstellmomente auf den Kolbenschieber wirken und dessen Stellgeschwindigkeit erhöht werden kann. Der zur Abdichtung vorgesehene Rundschnurring 87 ist leicht in der flachen Ausnehmung 86 beweglich. Aufgrund seiner freien Lagerung kann er beim Axialhub des Kolbenschiebers eine Walkbewegung ausführen, aus der nur geringe Gegenkräfte resultieren, die also die Bewegung des Kolbenschiebers nicht beeinträchtigen. Diese Einbauart ist deshalb möglich, weil am Einbauort praktisch keine hohen Drücke entstehen.This configuration has the advantage that the large-area armature 22 is no longer moved in a hydraulically damped manner in fluidic medium but in air, so that substantially lower restoring moments act on the piston slide and its actuating speed can be increased. The round cord ring 87 provided for sealing is easily movable in the flat recess 86. Because of its free support, it can perform a flexing movement during the axial stroke of the piston valve, from which only slight counter-forces result, which therefore do not impair the movement of the piston valve. This type of installation is possible because there are practically no high pressures at the installation location.

In einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Weiterbildung der Ausbildung nach Figur 4 dargestellt. Dabei ist auch hier der Rundschnurring 87 an der Führungsbohrung 4' vorgesehen und der ankerseitige Raum davon über die Drossel 93 entlastet. Diese Maßnahme, den einen stirnseitigen Raum 28" luftgefüllt zu machen und zur Atmosphäre zu entlasten, wird beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 5 am anderen Ende des Kolbenschiebers 12''' weitergeführt. Hier ist am Ende der Anschlüßbohrung 5" ebenfalls eine ringförmige flache Ausnehmung 96 vorgesehen, in die ein zweiter Rundschnurring 97 eingepaßt ist, der hier mit seiner Innenseite am Ende des zweiten zylindrischen Teils 16 dichtend anliegt. Die beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 noch vorgesehene, die Axialbohrung 26" verschließende Scheibe 92 ist hier weggelassen, so daß eine freie Verbindung zwischen dem Raum 28" und dem vom zweiten zylindrischen Teil 16 begrenzten Raum 31 besteht, die beide vermittels dem Durchgangskanal 30 im Kolbenschieber bzw. der Axialbohrung 26" in der Betätigungsstange 21" über die Drossel 93 belüftet sind. Die druckseitig von den Rundschnurringen eingeschlossenen Räume 89 werden auch hier entlastet. Auch der zweite Rundschnurring 97 kann ohne großen Widerstand die Bewegung des Kolbenschiebers bei dessen relativ geringem Hub durch Walkarbeit ausgleichen. Denkbar ist auch, die Rundschnurringe durch Membranen zu ersetzen, was zu einer weiteren Reduzierung der Auslenkkräfte führt. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel weist wie jene von Figuren 2 und 4 einen Kolbenschieber mit geringer Masse auf und es hat zusätzlich den Vorteil, daß Fluidverdrängung durch die Stirnseiten sich praktisch nicht auf den Öffnungsvorgang und den Schließvorgang des Magnetventils auswirkt. Der Kolbenschieber hat eine sehr geringe bewegte Masse und kann in Verbindung mit den geringen Verdrängungskräften sehr schnell in seine Endstellungen gebracht werden.In a fifth exemplary embodiment, a further development of the training according to FIG. 4 is shown. Here is also the Round cord ring 87 is provided on the guide bore 4 'and the space on the armature side is relieved thereof via the throttle 93. This measure of making one end-side space 28 "air-filled and relieving the atmosphere is carried on in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 at the other end of the piston valve 12"". Here, an annular flat recess 96 is also provided at the end of the connection bore 5" , into which a second round cord ring 97 is fitted, which here lies with its inside at the end of the second cylindrical part 16 in a sealing manner. The disk 92 "which closes the axial bore 26" in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 is omitted here, so that there is a free connection between the space 28 "and the space 31 delimited by the second cylindrical part 16, both by means of the through-channel 30 in the piston valve or the axial bore 26 "in the actuating rod 21" are vented via the throttle 93. The spaces 89 enclosed on the pressure side by the round cord rings are also relieved here. The second round cord ring 97 can also compensate for the movement of the piston slide with its relatively small stroke by flexing work without great resistance. It is also conceivable to replace the round cord rings with membranes, which leads to a further reduction in the deflection forces. This exemplary embodiment, like that of FIGS. 2 and 4, has a spool with a low mass and it has the additional advantage that fluid displacement through the end faces has practically no effect on the opening and closing process of the solenoid valve. The spool has a very low moving mass and can be brought into its end positions very quickly in conjunction with the low displacement forces.

In einer Weiterbildung zu Figur 3 weist der Teil 71 des Kolbenschiebers einen tellerförmigen Anschlag 104 auf, der wie der Federteller 74 auf das Teil 71 aufschraubbar ist und dort einstellbar fixiert ist. Der Anschlag 104 ist dabei zwischen dem Federteller und dem Ende des Teils 71 angeordnet und überragt den Federteller 74 radial. Weiterhin weist die Abdeckkappe 60 eine zylindrische innere Umfangswand 105 auf, die mit einem Gewinde 106 versehen ist, in das ein verstellbarer ringförmiger Anschlag 103 eingeschraubt ist. An diesem Anschlag kommt führungsbohrungsseitig ein zweiter Federteller 101 zur Anlage, zwischen dem und der Anschlagplatte 76 eine zweite Druckfeder 100 eingespannt ist.In a further development of FIG. 3, part 71 of the piston slide has a plate-shaped stop 104 which, like the spring plate 74, can be screwed onto part 71 and is adjustably fixed there. The stop 104 is between the Arranged spring plate and the end of part 71 and projects radially beyond spring plate 74. Furthermore, the cover cap 60 has a cylindrical inner circumferential wall 105 which is provided with a thread 106 into which an adjustable annular stop 103 is screwed. At this stop, a second spring plate 101 comes into contact on the guide bore side, between which and the stop plate 76 a second compression spring 100 is clamped.

In der gezeigten Darstellung in Figur 3 befindet sich der Kolbenschieber bei nicht erregtem Magnet in Offenstellung. In dieser wird er durch die Rückstellfeder 75 gehalten, wobei eine Schulter 108 zwischen Führungsteil 67 und Teil 71 zur Anlage an der Anschlagplatte 76 kommt. Bei einer Teilerregung des Elektromagneten wird der Kolbenschieber entgegen der Kraft der Rückstellfeder 75 so weit axial in Schließrichtung verschoben, bis er mit dem einstellbaren Anschlag 104 zur Anlage an dem Federteller 101 gelangt. Diese Position bewirkt eine Teilschließstellung des Magnetventils, bei der gedrosselt über die Verbindungsleitung 18 Fluid zur Teilentlastung abfließen kann. Ab einer zweiten Erregungsstufe des Magneten wird dann die Vorspannkraft der zweiten Feder 100 überwunden und der Kolbenschieber in Schließstellung gebracht.In the illustration shown in FIG. 3, the piston slide is in the open position when the magnet is not energized. It is held in this by the return spring 75, a shoulder 108 between the guide part 67 and part 71 coming to rest against the stop plate 76. When the electromagnet is partially excited, the piston slide is displaced axially against the force of the return spring 75 in the closing direction until it comes to rest against the spring plate 101 with the adjustable stop 104. This position brings about a partial closing position of the solenoid valve, in which, in a throttled manner, fluid can flow away via the connecting line 18 for partial relief. From a second excitation level of the magnet, the biasing force of the second spring 100 is then overcome and the piston slide is brought into the closed position.

Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, daß ein großer Entlastungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsleitung 18 während der Saug- und Absteuerphase z. B. eines Pumpenarbeitsraumes zur Verfügung steht. Damit werden schnelle Entlastungen erzielt und bei der Verwendung bei Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpen durch schnelles Entlasten des Pumpenarbeitsraumes auch ein exaktes Ende der Hochdruckförderphase. Wenn die Verbindungsleitung zusätzlich als Fülleitung für den Pumpenarbeitsraum dient, so steht mit dem großen Verbindungsquerschnitt bei ganz geöffnetem Magnetventil ein großer Überströmquerschnitt zur Verfügung, der eine gute Füllung des Pumpenarbeitsraumes gewährleistet. Bei Beginn des Förderhubs des Pumpenkolbens einer zugeordneten Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe kann für den Spritzbeginn zunächst die Verbindungsleitung zum Teil geschlossen werden um dann, zur Bestimmung des eigentlichen Beginns der Hochdruckförderphase des Pumpenkolbens ganz geschlossen zu werden. Für diesen letzten Schließvorgang muß nur noch ein kleiner Kolbenschieberhub zurückgelegt werden. Entsprechend klein ist auch der Luftspalt zwischen Anker und Kern des Elektromagneten, so daß kurze Schaltzeiten bei nur geringem Strombedarf des Elektromagneten gewährleistet sind. Mit einem solchermaßen ausgestaltetem Magnetventil kann der Gesamtöffnungsquerschnitt in der Verbindungsleitung 18 sehr groß geschaltet werden, da zur Bestimmung des Beginns der Hochdruckförderphase nicht der Gesamthub des Kolbenschiebers zum Ansatz kommt. Aufgrund der großen Überströmquerschnitte kann die Verbindungsleitung vorteilhafterweise grundsätzlich auch als Fülleitung verwendet werden. Diese hat den Vorteil, daß bei einem Versagen, das vor allen Dingen als Klemmen des Kolbenschiebers auftreten kann und entweder der Pumpenarbeitsraum gar nicht mit Kraftstoff versorgt wird oder sich im Pumpenarbeitsraum nicht der erforderliche Hochdruck für einen Einspritzvorgang einstellen kann. Ein Einsatz eines solchen Magnetventils verbessert somit die Sicherheit insbesondere gegen Durchgehen oder Beschädigung beim Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine.This embodiment has the advantage that a large relief cross-section of the connecting line 18 during the suction and control phase z. B. a pump workspace is available. This results in quick relief and, when used with fuel injection pumps, also by relieving the pressure on the pump workspace, an exact end to the high-pressure delivery phase. If the connecting line also serves as a filling line for the pump work area, the large connecting cross-section with the solenoid valve fully open provides a large overflow cross-section that ensures good filling of the Pump work space guaranteed. At the beginning of the delivery stroke of the pump piston of an assigned fuel injection pump, the connecting line can initially be partially closed for the start of injection and then closed completely to determine the actual start of the high-pressure delivery phase of the pump piston. Only a small piston slide stroke has to be covered for this last closing operation. The air gap between the armature and the core of the electromagnet is also correspondingly small, so that short switching times are ensured with only a low current requirement of the electromagnet. With a solenoid valve designed in this way, the total opening cross section in the connecting line 18 can be switched very large, since it is not the total stroke of the piston slide that is used to determine the start of the high-pressure delivery phase. Because of the large overflow cross sections, the connecting line can advantageously also be used in principle as a filling line. This has the advantage that in the event of a failure, which can occur above all as a pinch of the piston valve and either the pump work space is not supplied with fuel at all or the high pressure required for an injection process cannot occur in the pump work space. The use of such a solenoid valve thus improves security, in particular against runaway or damage during the operation of an internal combustion engine.

Claims (11)

  1. Electromagnetic valve for controlling the passage of a connecting line (18) between a high-pressure space, in particular a pump working space of a fuel injection pump, brought at least temporarily to high fluid pressure, and a low-pressure space, with a valve casing (1) and a guide bore (4, 73) which is arranged in the latter and opens into an annular space (17), the lateral boundary wall of which, which faces in the axial direction and faces away from the guide bore (4, 73), merges as valve seat (7), tapering conically with a first cone angle α1, into a connection bore (5) coaxial to the guide bore (4, 73) and having a reduced diameter compared to the guide bore, with a piston slide (12, 67) of stepped diameter serving as a valve closing member, which can be displaced by an electromagnet (29) counter to the force of a return spring (32) and which has a guiding part (11) guided in the guide bore and a cylindrical part (16) which dips into the connection bore and is separated from the guiding part (11) by an annular recess (14), and the lateral boundary wall of the recess is designed with a conical slope towards the guiding part (11), with a second cone angle α2 which is larger than the first cone angle α1, and the boundary line between the guiding part (11) and the lateral boundary wall of the recess (14) serves as a sealing edge (15), by which, in its closed position, the piston slide comes to rest against the valve seat (7), the end face of the cylindrical part (16) delimiting in the valve casing (1) a space (31) which is connected via a connecting channel (30, 26) to a space (28, 72) delimited at the end face by the guiding part (11) and is connected via a restrictor (9, 9', 78, 93) to a relief space, furthermore with an inlet opening of the connecting line (18), the said line coming from the high-pressure space, in the wall of the annular space (17) and with an outlet opening in the wall of the connection bore (5, 55) within the region of overlap of the latter with the annular recess (14, 66 and with an axial stop (33), against which the piston slide can be moved in the open position, with the sealing edge (15) raised from the valve seat (7, 57), characterised in that the spaces (31, 28, 61, 72, 31, 28") in the valve casing (1) which are delimited by the end faces of the piston slide are relieved of pressure and the piston slide is stressed towards the open position by the return spring (32).
  2. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 1, characterised in that the piston slide has a through channel (30, 26) which connects the end faces of the piston slide to one another, and the restrictor (9) is arranged as a restriction bore in the end closure of the connection bore (5) (Figure 1).
  3. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 1, characterised in that the spaces (61, 79) are connected to the annular recess (66) via an annular gap (78), forming the restrictor, between the second cylindrical part (68) and the connection bore (55) (Figure 3).
  4. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 1, characterised in that the piston slide has a through channel (30, 26') which connects the end faces of the piston slide to one another, and the restrictor (9') is arranged in a connecting bore between the through channel (30) and the annular recess (14) (Figure 2).
  5. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 2, characterised in that the return spring (32) is clamped inside an axial recess (30) of the second cylindrical part (16), between the latter and an end closure (8) of the connection bore (5) (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5).
  6. Electromagnetic valve according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the return spring (75) is supported against a spring plate (74) which (lacuna) at the end of a part (71) of the guide-bore part (67) of the piston slide, which part projects from the guide bore (73), and in that the armature (77) of the electromagnet engages on the opposite part of the piston slide (Figure 3).
  7. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 1 to 4, characterised in that that end of the guide bore (4') which faces away from the annular space (17) has an annular, flat recess (86) in which a toroidal sealing ring (87) can be moved backwards and forwards axially with slight deformation, which, on the other side, rests by its inside diameter against a cylindrical piston-slide part (21") projecting from the guide bore, which part is reduced in diameter relative to the guiding part (11) of the piston slide and which, between the contact of the toroidal sealing ring (87) and the guiding part (11) has a connecting channel (27) which leads off to the space (31) delimited by that end face of the piston slide which is on the same side as the connection bore (Figs. 4 + 5).
  8. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 7, characterised in that the piston slide has an axial through slot (30, 26"), the projecting cylindrical part (21") being connected to the armature (22) of the electromagnet (13) and being closed at the end face and the space (28") accommodating the armature (22) and the electromagnet being relieved towards the ambient air via a restrictor (93) (Fig. 4).
  9. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 1 to 4, characterised in that that end of the guide bore (4') which faces away from the annular space (17) has an annular, flat recess (6) in which a toroidal sealing ring (87) can be moved backwards and forwards axially with slight deformation, the said ring, on the other side, resting by its inside diameter against a cylindrical part (21"), projecting from the guide bore, of the piston slide, which part is reduced in diameter relative to the guiding part (11) of the piston slide and, between the contact of the toroidal sealing ring (87) and the guiding part (11), has a connecting channel which leads off to a relief space, and in that that end of the connection bore (5") which faces away from the annular space (17) has an annular, flat recess (96) in which a second toroidal sealing ring (97) can be moved backwards and forwards axially with slight deformation, the said ring, on the other side, resting by its inside diameter against the end of the second cylindrical part (16) displaceable in the connection bore (5"), and the space (98) which is on the annular-space side and is enclosed by the toroidal sealing ring leads off via a connecting channel to the relief space (Fig. 5).
  10. Electromagnetic valve according to Claim 9, characterised in that the piston slide has an axial through slot (30, 26"), the armature (22) of the electromagnet being secured on the cylindrical part (21") and the space (28") accommodating the armature and the electromagnet being relieved towards the ambient air via a restrictor (93) (Fig. 5).
  11. Electromagnetic valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in addition to the return spring (32), a second spring (100) is provided which is clamped between a fixed part (76) of the casing of the electromagnetic valve and a spring plate (101) which is supported against an adjustable stop (103) on the casing of the electromagnetic valve and, from a partial stroke onwards of the piston slide in the closing direction, comes to rest against a stop (104) on the piston slide and, over the remaining closing stroke of the piston slide, can be raised from the fixed part.
EP88114822A 1987-09-26 1988-09-09 Magnetic valve Expired - Lifetime EP0309797B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873732553 DE3732553A1 (en) 1987-09-26 1987-09-26 MAGNETIC VALVE
DE3732553 1987-09-26

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EP0309797A2 EP0309797A2 (en) 1989-04-05
EP0309797A3 EP0309797A3 (en) 1990-05-09
EP0309797B1 true EP0309797B1 (en) 1992-05-06

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EP88114822A Expired - Lifetime EP0309797B1 (en) 1987-09-26 1988-09-09 Magnetic valve

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US (1) US4832312A (en)
EP (1) EP0309797B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2635717B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3732553A1 (en)

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EP0588475A2 (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-03-23 Zexel Corporation Fuel injection device
GB2285305A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-07-05 Daimler Benz Ag Pressure-compensated solenoid valve
US5476245A (en) * 1993-12-13 1995-12-19 Mercedes-Benz Ag Pressure-compensated solenoid valve
EP0840004A1 (en) 1996-11-04 1998-05-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetic valve
AU709936B2 (en) * 1995-12-19 1999-09-09 Frank Stuart Curnow Shut-off valves
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CN102099251B (en) 2008-05-20 2015-07-01 格里南实业公司 Fluid transfer assembly and methods of fluid transfer
US8777182B2 (en) * 2008-05-20 2014-07-15 Grinon Industries Fluid transfer assembly and methods of fluid transfer
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EP0588475A2 (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-03-23 Zexel Corporation Fuel injection device
EP0588475A3 (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-06-15 Zexel Corp Fuel injection device
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DE4238727C2 (en) * 1992-11-17 2001-09-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert magnetic valve
US5476245A (en) * 1993-12-13 1995-12-19 Mercedes-Benz Ag Pressure-compensated solenoid valve
GB2285305A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-07-05 Daimler Benz Ag Pressure-compensated solenoid valve
GB2285305B (en) * 1993-12-16 1997-06-11 Daimler Benz Ag Pressure-compensated solenoid valve
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3732553A1 (en) 1989-04-13
US4832312A (en) 1989-05-23
JPH01113570A (en) 1989-05-02
DE3870789D1 (en) 1992-06-11
EP0309797A2 (en) 1989-04-05
EP0309797A3 (en) 1990-05-09
JP2635717B2 (en) 1997-07-30

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