EP0308662B1 - Dental scaler - Google Patents

Dental scaler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308662B1
EP0308662B1 EP88113638A EP88113638A EP0308662B1 EP 0308662 B1 EP0308662 B1 EP 0308662B1 EP 88113638 A EP88113638 A EP 88113638A EP 88113638 A EP88113638 A EP 88113638A EP 0308662 B1 EP0308662 B1 EP 0308662B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer
scraper
head
input
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88113638A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0308662A1 (en
Inventor
Max Hetzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bien Air Dental SA
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Bien Air Dental SA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT88113638T priority Critical patent/ATE70427T1/en
Publication of EP0308662A1 publication Critical patent/EP0308662A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C17/00—Devices for cleaning, polishing, rinsing or drying teeth, teeth cavities or prostheses; Saliva removers; Dental appliances for receiving spittle
    • A61C17/16—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices
    • A61C17/20—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices using ultrasonics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/20—Application to multi-element transducer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
    • B06B2201/55—Piezoelectric transducer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/70—Specific application
    • B06B2201/76—Medical, dental

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical appliance used in dentistry for removing tartar from the teeth.
  • Such devices are well known, generally under the name of dental scalers. Facilitating the work of the practitioner, they are in common use in dental offices. These devices are in the form of a cylindrical sleeve which can be held in the hand and comprising, at one end, a flexible electric cable and, at the other end, a vibrating scraper. The rapid movements of the scraper make it possible, when it is brought into contact with the scale, to crack it and easily detach it from the tooth on which it is deposited.
  • the scaler comprises, arranged inside the sleeve, a piezoelectric transducer and an electronic amplifier.
  • One end of the transducer is fixed, for example being integral with the sleeve, while the other end, which is free to move, constitutes a displacement belly and it supports the scraper, part of which comes out of the sleeve.
  • the transducer and amplifier are connected together so as to form an oscillator which is supplied with energy by the power cable.
  • the transducer plays the role of a resonator vibrating longitudinally on its fundamental frequency, and the amplifier that of a maintenance circuit compensating for the losses of the resonator.
  • the free end of the transducer then vibrates at a frequency of around 30 kHz and drives the scraper in its longitudinal movement.
  • the present invention proposes to provide a dental scaler in which, in order to improve its efficiency, the amplitude of movement of the scraper is greater than that of the transducer.
  • the scaler according to the invention is particularly remarkable in that it further comprises an elastic connecting member fixed to the transducer at the location of the displacement belly, and a counterweight secured to the connecting member and supporting the scraper, the counterweight and the scraper forming with the connecting member a vibrating system having a resonant frequency substantially equal to the vibration frequency of the transducer.
  • fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the dental scaler according to the invention.
  • the reference 1 in this figure designates a hollow, substantially cylindrical sleeve typically 15 cm long and 2 cm in diameter, intended to be held in the hand by the attending physician.
  • the sleeve may advantageously comprise several cylindrical parts, assembled by screwing, the separation of these parts allowing access to the internal elements.
  • a scraper 2 intended to remove the tartar deposited on a tooth not shown.
  • an electric cable 3 At the opposite end of the sleeve l is connected an electric cable 3.
  • This cable has two conductors and it connects the sleeve to a fixed voltage source connected to the network, not shown, supplying the scaler with the electrical energy necessary to put the scraper 2 in motion.
  • the connection of the cable 3 to the sleeve l is preferably carried out by means of a universal connector of known type not shown, making it possible to easily separate the cable from the scaler.
  • the same cable can thus be used to supply both a scaler and, for example, a handpiece comprising a bur.
  • the cable can also be associated with conduits for the transport of fluids, such as water or air, the universal connector ensuring the connection of these conduits to corresponding conduits arranged in the sleeve and opening out in the vicinity of the scraper. so that these fluids can reach the tooth.
  • fluids such as water or air
  • Fig.2 shows, in a sectional view, the internal constitution of the scaler.
  • the sleeve 1 is composed of three hollow parts referenced 1a, 1b and 1c, arranged one after the other, the part 1a being in the middle. Each part is screwed onto the neighboring part, the whole forming a hollow body of revolution.
  • a piezoelectric transducer 4 Inside the central part 1a of the sleeve 1 is disposed a piezoelectric transducer 4 which will be described in detail below.
  • This transducer has the shape of an elongated cylinder having an axis of symmetry xx 'which, in FIG. 2, merges with the axis of revolution of the sleeve.
  • Two elastic rings 5 ensure the suspension of the transducer inside part 1a by resting on circular grooves made in the facing faces of these two elements.
  • the active end of the transducer that which corresponds to the belly displacement, supports, directly or through coupling elements 6, 7 which will be described later, the scraper 2 which leaves the sleeve 1 by 1a part 1b.
  • part 1c there is an electronic amplifier 8.
  • This amplifier has an input, an output and two supply terminals. The input and the output are connected to the transducer 4 by connections not shown, while the supply terminals are connected to two conductors 9, 10 forming part of the universal connector.
  • the transducer 4 shown in detail in FIG. 3 essentially comprises a base 20, a head 21, six piezoelectric pads referenced 22a to 22f, and seven electrodes referenced 23a to 23g.
  • the base 20 is a metal cylinder whose axis of symmetry is the axis xx '.
  • the dimensions of the base are chosen so that, in the total mass of the transducer, that of the base is preponderant. The base therefore has great inertia. As a result, when the transducer vibrates, the base remains practically immobile and thus constitutes a displacement node of the transducer.
  • the piezoelectric pads 22a ... 22f are flat cylindrical discs, identical to each other. Each pellet is cut from a piezoelectric material so that an axial pressure constraint causes positive charges to appear on one of its main faces, and negative charges on the other face.
  • the pads 22a ... 22f are aligned along the axis xx ', one after the other, the pad 22a being opposite the base 20. The pads are moreover oriented so that the main faces adjacent bear loads of the same sign when these pellets are subjected to an axial stress.
  • the head 21 constituted by a metallic disc of cylindrical shape having a mass lower than that of the base 20.
  • the electrode 23a is thus placed between the base 20 and the pad 22a, the electrode 23b between the pads 22a and 22b etc, and the electrode 23g between the pad 22f and the head 21.
  • the electrodes 23a, 23c, 23e and 23g that is to say all the odd electrodes counted from one of the ends of the transducer, are connected to a ground terminal 24 of the transducer.
  • the electrodes 23d and 23f that is to say the even electrodes, except the second electrode counted from the base 20, are connected to an input terminal 25.
  • the second electrode 23b is connected to a terminal output 26. Terminals 25 and 24 form the input of the transducer, and terminals 26 and 24 its output.
  • the base 20 of the transducer remaining practically at rest, it is the pellet 22f and the head 21 which vibrate with the greatest amplitude and thus constitute a belly for displacement of the transducer.
  • the frequency of the voltage applied between terminals 25 and 24 is equal to the fundamental resonance frequency of the transducer connected to the scraper, the amplitude of movement of the head passes through a maximum.
  • the voltage must be of the order of 600 volts.
  • the scraper 2 can be fixed directly at the location of the displacement belly of the transducer, its amplitude of vibration then being identical to that of the head 21. However to improve the efficiency of the scraper it is advantageous to amplify its displacement relative to that of the head. This is obtained in the present invention by connecting the scraper 2 to the head 21 by coupling means comprising a counterweight 7 supporting the scraper and an elastic connecting member 6 disposed between the counterweight and the head. The counterweight with the scraper and the connecting member form a vibrating system.
  • the counterweight 7 will advantageously have a spherical shape and the connecting member 6 that of a body of revolution generated by an exponential curve 27 rotating around the axis xx ′, the part having the largest section of the connecting member being on the side of the head 21.
  • the head 21, the counterweight 7 and the connecting member 6 will preferably be produced so as to form only one and the same piece in metal.
  • the voltage at the input of the transducer 4 is supplied by the amplifier 8 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the reference 30 in this figure designates a step-down transformer comprising a primary 31, having two terminals referenced 32 and 33, and a secondary formed by two identical windings 34 and 34 ′, the ratio between the number of turns of the primary and of one of the secondary windings being of the order of 1000.
  • the reference 35 designates a step-up transformer comprising a primary 36 provided with a central tap connected to a terminal 37, and a secondary having two terminals referenced 39 and 40, the ratio between the number of primary and secondary turns being approximately 1/10.
  • the terminals 33 and 40 are connected to a terminal 46 constituting the electrical ground of the amplifier 8, the input of which is formed by the terminals 32 and 46 and the output by the terminals 39 and 46.
  • a power amplifier circuit comprising two symmetrical parts.
  • a bipolar transistor 41 of the NPN type has its emitter connected to one of the terminals of the winding 34 and to one of the terminals of the winding 36.
  • the base of this transistor is connected through a capacitor 42 of around 6 microfarads at the other terminal of the winding 34.
  • a bias resistor 43 of around 2000 ohms connects the base to the collector of transistor 41, the collector being connected, for its part, to a terminal 44.
  • the other part of the circuit is composed of elements 41 ′, 42 ′ and 43 ′, identical respectively to elements 41, 42 and 43, and which are connected in the same way as the latter, but between the winding 34 ′ and the other terminal of the winding 36.
  • the terminals 37 and 44 constitute the power supply terminals of the circuit and they are connected respectively to the conductors 9 and 10 of the universal connector.
  • the circuit can be supplied by a low DC voltage.
  • the collectors of the transistors 41 and 41 ′ being connected to the terminal 44, it is advantageous to connect this terminal to the mass of the sleeve 1, which also constitutes the mass of the device. Indeed, as in a power transistor the collector is integral with a massive electrode used to dissipate the heat, this arrangement makes it possible to fix the electrode directly on the sleeve 1 to further improve the cooling of the transistor.
  • the terminals 46 and 44 corresponding respectively to the electrical ground and to the ground of the apparatus, can be independent, galvanically linked or, preferably, connected together by a decoupling capacitor 45 of approximately 0.1 microfarad.
  • the transducer 4 is connected to the amplifier 8 to form an oscillator, the transducer coupled to the scraper 2 playing the role of resonator and the amplifier that of the maintenance circuit.
  • the connection is made by connecting terminals 24, 25 and 26 respectively to terminals 46, 39 and 32.
  • the application of a DC supply voltage U, typically 24 volts, supplied by the voltage source and making terminal 44 positive with respect to terminal 37, will then cause the oscillator to start if the gain of the amplifier compensates for the losses of the transducer, the amplitude of the oscillation depending on the value of the voltage U.
  • the transducer could thus include a different number of piezoelectric pads and the electrodes may be connected together so as to have only two terminals.
  • the amplifier could also be produced differently, for example to form with the transducer, when the latter has only two terminals, an oscillator of the Colpitts type.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH88/00144 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 25, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 25, 1989 PCT Filed Aug. 24, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO89/01763 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 9, 1989.A dental scaler comprises a hollow sleeve and, arranged inside it, a vibrating piezoelectric transducer bearing a scraper, the extremity of which protrudes from the sleeve, and includes an amplifier connected to the transducerk. The transducer includes a base, of a series of piezoelectric chips on the surfaces of which are arranged electrodes connected in such a manner as to define an input and an output, and a head to which the scraper is coupled. The amplifier has an input, an output and two feeder terminals receiving a low direct voltage by way of a cable connected to an external source of voltage. The output and input of the transducer are connected, respectively, to the input and the output of the amplifier to form an oscillator, the frequency of which is determined by the resonant frequency of the transducer coupled to the scraper.

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil électrique utilisé dans l'art dentaire pour enlever le tartre se trouvant sur les dents.The present invention relates to an electrical appliance used in dentistry for removing tartar from the teeth.

De tels appareils sont bien connus, généralement sous le nom de détartreurs dentaires. Facilitant le travail du praticien, ils sont d'un usage courant dans les cabinets dentaires. Ces appareils se présentent sous la forme d'un manchon cylindrique pouvant être tenu à la main et comportant, à une extrémité, un câble électrique souple et, à l'autre extrémité, un racloir vibrant. Les déplacements rapides du racloir permettent, lorsqu'il est mis en contact du tartre, de le fissurer et de le détacher facilement de la dent sur laquelle il est déposé.Such devices are well known, generally under the name of dental scalers. Facilitating the work of the practitioner, they are in common use in dental offices. These devices are in the form of a cylindrical sleeve which can be held in the hand and comprising, at one end, a flexible electric cable and, at the other end, a vibrating scraper. The rapid movements of the scraper make it possible, when it is brought into contact with the scale, to crack it and easily detach it from the tooth on which it is deposited.

Dans une forme de réalisation, décrite dans le fascicule de brevet FR-A-2181067, le détartreur comprend, disposés à l'intérieur du manchon, un transducteur piézoélectrique et un amplificateur électronique. Une extrémité du transducteur est fixe, étant par exemple solidaire du manchon, alors que l'autre extrémité, qui est libre de se déplacer, constitue un ventre de déplacement et elle supporte le racloir dont une partie sort du manchon. Le transducteur et l'amplificateur sont connectés ensemble de manière à former un oscillateur qui est alimenté en énergie par le cable électrique. Dans cet oscillateur, le transducteur joue le rôle d'un résonateur vibrant longitudinalement sur sa fréquence fondamentale, et l'amplificateur celui d'un circuit d'entretien compensant les pertes du résonateur. L'extrémité libre du transducteur vibre alors à une fréquence d'environ 30kHz et entraine dans son mouvement longitudinal le racloir.In one embodiment, described in patent specification FR-A-2181067, the scaler comprises, arranged inside the sleeve, a piezoelectric transducer and an electronic amplifier. One end of the transducer is fixed, for example being integral with the sleeve, while the other end, which is free to move, constitutes a displacement belly and it supports the scraper, part of which comes out of the sleeve. The transducer and amplifier are connected together so as to form an oscillator which is supplied with energy by the power cable. In this oscillator, the transducer plays the role of a resonator vibrating longitudinally on its fundamental frequency, and the amplifier that of a maintenance circuit compensating for the losses of the resonator. The free end of the transducer then vibrates at a frequency of around 30 kHz and drives the scraper in its longitudinal movement.

L'efficacité d'un détartreur est d'autant meilleure que l'amplitude de la vibration du racloir est grande. Dans la réalisation décrite, elle est égale à l'amplitude du déplacement de l'extrémité libre du transducteur, qui dépend, de son côté, de l'énergie qui lui est fournie par l'oscillateur. Cette énergie ne peut cependant pas dépasser une certaine limite sans entraîner une dissipation thermique suffisamment importante pour rendre le manchon désagréable à tenir à main. Aux niveaux d'énergie acceptables, l'amplitude du racloir est, dans ces conditions, insuffisante pour donner au détartreur toute l'efficacité souhaitée, ce qui constitue un inconvénient important puisque le travail du praticien s'en trouve fortement ralenti.The more effective the scaler is the greater the amplitude of the scraper vibration. In the embodiment described, it is equal to the amplitude of the displacement of the free end of the transducer, which in turn depends on the energy supplied to it by the oscillator. However, this energy cannot exceed a certain limit without causing sufficient heat dissipation to make the sleeve unpleasant to hold in the hand. At acceptable energy levels, the amplitude of the scraper is, under these conditions, insufficient to give the scaler all the desired efficiency, which constitutes a significant drawback since the work of the practitioner is greatly slowed down.

La présente invention se propose de fournir un détartreur dentaire dans lequel, afin d'améliorer son efficacité, l'amplitude de déplacement du racloir est supérieure à celle du transducteur.The present invention proposes to provide a dental scaler in which, in order to improve its efficiency, the amplitude of movement of the scraper is greater than that of the transducer.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, le détartreur selon l'invention est particulièrement remarquable en ce qu'il comporte en outre, un organe de liaison élastique fixé au transducteur à l'endroit du ventre de déplacement, et une masselotte solidaire de l'organe de liaison et supportant le racloir, la masselotte et le racloir formant avec l'organe de liaison un système vibrant présentant une fréquence de résonance sensiblement égale à la fréquence de vibration du transducteur.To achieve this objective, the scaler according to the invention is particularly remarkable in that it further comprises an elastic connecting member fixed to the transducer at the location of the displacement belly, and a counterweight secured to the connecting member and supporting the scraper, the counterweight and the scraper forming with the connecting member a vibrating system having a resonant frequency substantially equal to the vibration frequency of the transducer.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, faite en regard du dessin annexé et donnant, à titre explicatif mais nullement limitatif, une forme de réalisation d'un tel détartreur dentaire. Sur ce dessin, où les mêmes références se rapportent à des éléments analogues :

  • la fig. 1 est une vue générale d'une forme de réalisation du détartreur selon l'invention;
  • la fig. 2 est une vue en coupe montrant la disposition des différents éléments composant le détartreur de la fig. 1; et
  • la fig. 3 représente le transducteur avec ses électrodes, le racloir,et le schéma de l'amplificateur auquel les électrodes sont connectées.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawing and giving, by way of explanation but in no way limiting, an embodiment of such a dental scaler. In this drawing, where the same references relate to similar elements:
  • fig. 1 is a general view of an embodiment of the scaler according to the invention;
  • fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the arrangement of the various elements making up the scaler of FIG. 1; and
  • fig. 3 shows the transducer with its electrodes, the scraper, and the diagram of the amplifier to which the electrodes are connected.

En référence au dessin, la fig. 1 montre une forme de réalisation du détartreur dentaire selon l'invention. La référence 1 sur cette figure désigne un manchon creux, sensiblement cylindrique ayant typiquement 15 cm de long et 2 cm de diamètre, destiné à être tenu à la main par le médecin traitant. Le manchon peut avantageusement comporter plusieurs pièces cylindriques, assemblées par vissage, la séparation de ces pièces permettant l'accès aux éléments internes.With reference to the drawing, fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the dental scaler according to the invention. The reference 1 in this figure designates a hollow, substantially cylindrical sleeve typically 15 cm long and 2 cm in diameter, intended to be held in the hand by the attending physician. The sleeve may advantageously comprise several cylindrical parts, assembled by screwing, the separation of these parts allowing access to the internal elements.

De l'une des extrémités du manchon dépasse un racloir 2 destiné à enlever le tartre déposé sur une dent non représentée. A l'extrémité opposée du manchon l est raccordé un câble électrique 3. Ce câble comporte deux conducteurs et il relie le manchon à une source de tension fixe connectée au réseau, non représentée, fournissant au détartreur l'énergie électrique nécessaire pour mettre le racloir 2 en mouvement. Le raccord du câble 3 au manchon l est préférentiellement réalisé au moyen d'un connecteur universel de type connu non représenté, permettant de séparer aisément le câble du détartreur. Le même câble peut ainsi servir à alimenter aussi bien un détartreur que, par exemple, une pièce à main comportant une fraise. Bien entendu au câble peuvent aussi être associées des conduits pour le transport de fluides, tels que l'eau ou l'air, le connecteur universel assurant le raccord de ces conduits à des conduits correspondants disposés dans le manchon et débouchant au voisinage du racloir de manière que ces fluides puissent atteindre la dent.From one end of the sleeve protrudes a scraper 2 intended to remove the tartar deposited on a tooth not shown. At the opposite end of the sleeve l is connected an electric cable 3. This cable has two conductors and it connects the sleeve to a fixed voltage source connected to the network, not shown, supplying the scaler with the electrical energy necessary to put the scraper 2 in motion. The connection of the cable 3 to the sleeve l is preferably carried out by means of a universal connector of known type not shown, making it possible to easily separate the cable from the scaler. The same cable can thus be used to supply both a scaler and, for example, a handpiece comprising a bur. Of course, the cable can also be associated with conduits for the transport of fluids, such as water or air, the universal connector ensuring the connection of these conduits to corresponding conduits arranged in the sleeve and opening out in the vicinity of the scraper. so that these fluids can reach the tooth.

La fig.2 montre, dans une vue en coupe, la constitution interne du détartreur. Le manchon l est composé de trois parties creuses référencées 1a, 1b et 1c, disposées les unes à la suite des autres, la partie 1a se trouvant au milieu. Chaque partie est vissée sur la partie voisine, le tout formant un corps de révolution creux.Fig.2 shows, in a sectional view, the internal constitution of the scaler. The sleeve 1 is composed of three hollow parts referenced 1a, 1b and 1c, arranged one after the other, the part 1a being in the middle. Each part is screwed onto the neighboring part, the whole forming a hollow body of revolution.

A l'intérieur de la partie centrale la du manchon l est disposé un transducteur piézoélectrique 4 qui sera décrit en détail par la suite. Ce transducteur a la forme d'un cylindre allongé présentant un axe de symétrie xx' qui, sur la fig. 2, vient se confondre avec l'axe de révolution du manchon. Deux anneaux élastiques 5 assurent la suspension du transducteur à l'intérieur de la partie 1a en prenant appui sur des gorges circulaires pratiquées dans les faces en regard de ces deux éléments. Enfin l'extrémité active du transducteur, celle qui correspond au ventre du déplacement, supporte, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de couplage 6, 7 qui seront décrits par la suite, le racloir 2 qui sort du manchon 1 par 1a partie 1b.Inside the central part 1a of the sleeve 1 is disposed a piezoelectric transducer 4 which will be described in detail below. This transducer has the shape of an elongated cylinder having an axis of symmetry xx 'which, in FIG. 2, merges with the axis of revolution of the sleeve. Two elastic rings 5 ensure the suspension of the transducer inside part 1a by resting on circular grooves made in the facing faces of these two elements. Finally the active end of the transducer, that which corresponds to the belly displacement, supports, directly or through coupling elements 6, 7 which will be described later, the scraper 2 which leaves the sleeve 1 by 1a part 1b.

Dans la partie 1c se trouve un amplificateur électronique 8. Cet amplificateur comporte une entrée, une sortie et deux bornes d'alimentation. L'entrée et la sortie sont reliées au transducteur 4 par des connexions non représentées, alors que les bornes d'alimentation sont reliées à deux conducteurs 9, 10 faisant partie du connecteur universel.In part 1c there is an electronic amplifier 8. This amplifier has an input, an output and two supply terminals. The input and the output are connected to the transducer 4 by connections not shown, while the supply terminals are connected to two conductors 9, 10 forming part of the universal connector.

Le transducteur 4, représenté en détail sur la fig. 3, comprend essentiellement une base 20, une tête 21, six pastilles piézoélectriques référencées 22a à 22f, et sept électrodes référencées 23a à 23g.The transducer 4, shown in detail in FIG. 3, essentially comprises a base 20, a head 21, six piezoelectric pads referenced 22a to 22f, and seven electrodes referenced 23a to 23g.

La base 20 est un cylindre en métal dont l'axe de symétrie est l'axe xx'. Les dimensions de la base sont choisies de manière que, dans la masse totale du transducteur, celle de la base soit prépondérante. La base présente donc une grande inertie. Il en résulte que, lorsque le transducteur vibre, la base reste pratiquement immobile et constitue ainsi un noeud de déplacement du transducteur.The base 20 is a metal cylinder whose axis of symmetry is the axis xx '. The dimensions of the base are chosen so that, in the total mass of the transducer, that of the base is preponderant. The base therefore has great inertia. As a result, when the transducer vibrates, the base remains practically immobile and thus constitutes a displacement node of the transducer.

Les pastilles piézoélectriques 22a ... 22f sont des disques cylindriques plats, identiques les uns aux autres. Chaque pastille est taillée dans une matière piézoélectrique de manière qu'une contrainte de pression axiale fasse apparaître des charges positives sur l'une de ses faces principales, et des charges négatives sur l'autre face. Les pastilles 22a ... 22f sont alignées le long de l'axe xx', les unes à la suite des autres, la pastille 22a étant en regard de la base 20. Les pastilles sont par ailleurs orientées de manière que les faces principales adjacentes portent des charges de même signe lorsque ces pastilles sont soumises à une contrainte axiale. Contre la face principale libre de la pastille 22f est appliquée la tête 21, cette tête étant constituée par un disque métallique de forme cylindrique ayant une masse plus faible que celle de la base 20. Les électrodes 23a ... 23g sont enfin disposées contre les faces principales des pastilles 22a ... 22f. L'électrode 23a est ainsi placée entre la base 20 et la pastille 22a, l'électrode 23b entre les pastilles 22a et 22b etc, et l'électrode 23g entre la pastille 22f et la tête 21.The piezoelectric pads 22a ... 22f are flat cylindrical discs, identical to each other. Each pellet is cut from a piezoelectric material so that an axial pressure constraint causes positive charges to appear on one of its main faces, and negative charges on the other face. The pads 22a ... 22f are aligned along the axis xx ', one after the other, the pad 22a being opposite the base 20. The pads are moreover oriented so that the main faces adjacent bear loads of the same sign when these pellets are subjected to an axial stress. Against the free main face of the patch 22f is applied the head 21, this head being constituted by a metallic disc of cylindrical shape having a mass lower than that of the base 20. The electrodes 23a ... 23g are finally disposed against the main faces of the pads 22a ... 22f. The electrode 23a is thus placed between the base 20 and the pad 22a, the electrode 23b between the pads 22a and 22b etc, and the electrode 23g between the pad 22f and the head 21.

Pour rendre la fig. 3 plus claire, un espace a été ménagé de chaque côté des pastilles 22a ... 22f, une des électrodes 23a ... 23g étant disposée dans chacun de ces espaces. En réalité les pastilles et les électrodes sont enserrées entre la base 20 et la tête 21 de manière à être en contact les unes avec les autres. Le tout forme ainsi un bloc dont les différents éléments sont maintenus ensemble par collage et au moyen d'une vis centrale non représentée joignant la base à la tête.To make fig. 3 lighter, a space has been provided on each side of the pellets 22a ... 22f, one of the electrodes 23a ... 23g being arranged in each of these spaces. In reality the pellets and the electrodes are sandwiched between the base 20 and the head 21 so as to be in contact with one another. The whole thus forms a block, the different elements of which are held together by bonding and by means of a central screw (not shown) joining the base to the head.

Les électrodes 23a, 23c, 23e et 23g, c'est-à-dire toutes les électrodes impaires comptées à partir d'une des extrémités du transducteur, sont reliées à une borne de masse 24 du transducteur. Les électrodes 23d et 23f, c'est-à-dire les électrodes paires, sauf la deuxième électrode comptée à partir de la base 20, sont reliées à une borne d'entrée 25. Enfin la deuxième électrode 23b est reliée à une borne de sortie 26. Les bornes 25 et 24 forment l'entrée du transducteur, et les bornes 26 et 24 sa sortie.The electrodes 23a, 23c, 23e and 23g, that is to say all the odd electrodes counted from one of the ends of the transducer, are connected to a ground terminal 24 of the transducer. The electrodes 23d and 23f, that is to say the even electrodes, except the second electrode counted from the base 20, are connected to an input terminal 25. Finally the second electrode 23b is connected to a terminal output 26. Terminals 25 and 24 form the input of the transducer, and terminals 26 and 24 its output.

L'application d'une tension alternative entre les bornes 25 et 24 provoque la vibration du transducteur à la fréquence de cette tension. Une tension de même fréquence apparaît alors entre les bornes 26 et 24, l'amplitude de cette tension étant proportionnelle à l'amplitude de la vibration.The application of an alternating voltage between terminals 25 and 24 causes the transducer to vibrate at the frequency of this voltage. Voltage of the same frequency then appears between terminals 26 and 24, the amplitude of this voltage being proportional to the amplitude of the vibration.

La base 20 du transducteur restant pratiquement au repos, ce sont la pastille 22f et la tête 21 qui vibrent avec la plus grande amplitude et constituent ainsi un ventre de déplacement du transducteur. Lorsque la fréquence de la tension appliquée entre les bornes 25 et 24 est égale à la fréquence de résonance fondamentale du transducteur relié au racloir, l'amplitude de déplacement de la tête passe par un maximum. Pour que cette amplitude corresponde à des conditions de travail optimum du détartreur, la tension doit être de l'ordre de 600 volts.The base 20 of the transducer remaining practically at rest, it is the pellet 22f and the head 21 which vibrate with the greatest amplitude and thus constitute a belly for displacement of the transducer. When the frequency of the voltage applied between terminals 25 and 24 is equal to the fundamental resonance frequency of the transducer connected to the scraper, the amplitude of movement of the head passes through a maximum. For this amplitude to correspond to optimum working conditions for the scaler, the voltage must be of the order of 600 volts.

Le racloir 2 peut être fixé directement à l'endroit du ventre de déplacement du transducteur, son amplitude de vibration étant alors identique à celle de la tête 21. Cependant pour améliorer l'efficacité du racloir il y a intérêt à amplifier son déplacement par rapport à celui de la tête. Ceci est obtenu dans la présente invention en reliant le racloir 2 à la tête 21 par des moyens de couplage comprenant une masselotte 7 supportant le racloir et un organe de liaison élastique 6 disposé, entre la masselotte et la tête. La masselotte avec le racloir et l'organe de liaison forment un système vibrant. En accordant la fréquence de résonance de ce système sur une fréquence sensiblement égale à la fréquence de vibration de la tête, et si la masse de la masselotte et du racloir est inférieure à celle de l'extrémité active du transducteur, l'amplitude de déplacement du racloir sera supérieure à celle de la tête. La masselotte 7 aura avantageusement une forme sphérique et l'organe de liaison 6 celle d'un corps de révolution engendré par une courbe exponentielle 27 tournant autour de l'axe xx′, la partie ayant la plus forte section de l'organe de liaison se trouvant du côté de la tête 21. La tête 21, la masselotte 7 et l'organe de liaison 6 seront de préférence réalisés de manière à ne former qu'une seule et même pièce en métal.The scraper 2 can be fixed directly at the location of the displacement belly of the transducer, its amplitude of vibration then being identical to that of the head 21. However to improve the efficiency of the scraper it is advantageous to amplify its displacement relative to that of the head. This is obtained in the present invention by connecting the scraper 2 to the head 21 by coupling means comprising a counterweight 7 supporting the scraper and an elastic connecting member 6 disposed between the counterweight and the head. The counterweight with the scraper and the connecting member form a vibrating system. By tuning the resonant frequency of this system to a frequency substantially equal to the vibration frequency of the head, and if the mass of the counterweight and the scraper is less than that of the active end of the transducer, the amplitude of movement of the scraper will be greater than that of the head. The counterweight 7 will advantageously have a spherical shape and the connecting member 6 that of a body of revolution generated by an exponential curve 27 rotating around the axis xx ′, the part having the largest section of the connecting member being on the side of the head 21. The head 21, the counterweight 7 and the connecting member 6 will preferably be produced so as to form only one and the same piece in metal.

La tension à l'entrée du transducteur 4 est fournie par l'amplificateur 8 représenté sur la fig. 3. La référence 30 sur cette figure désigne un transformateur abaisseur de tension comportant un primaire 31, ayant deux bornes référencées 32 et 33,et un secondaire formé de deux enroulements identiques 34 et 34′, le rapport entre le nombre de spires du primaire et de l'un des enroulements secondaires étant de l'ordre de 1000. De même la référence 35 désigne un transformateur élévateur de tension comportant un primaire 36 pourvu d'une prise médiane reliée à une borne 37, et un secondaire ayant deux bornes référencées 39 et 40, le rapport entre le nombre de spires du primaire et du secondaire étant d'environ 1/10. Les bornes 33 et 40 sont reliées à une borne 46 constituant la masse électrique de l'amplificateur 8 dont l'entrée est formée par les bornes 32 et 46 et la sortie par les bornes 39 et 46.The voltage at the input of the transducer 4 is supplied by the amplifier 8 shown in FIG. 3. The reference 30 in this figure designates a step-down transformer comprising a primary 31, having two terminals referenced 32 and 33, and a secondary formed by two identical windings 34 and 34 ′, the ratio between the number of turns of the primary and of one of the secondary windings being of the order of 1000. Similarly, the reference 35 designates a step-up transformer comprising a primary 36 provided with a central tap connected to a terminal 37, and a secondary having two terminals referenced 39 and 40, the ratio between the number of primary and secondary turns being approximately 1/10. The terminals 33 and 40 are connected to a terminal 46 constituting the electrical ground of the amplifier 8, the input of which is formed by the terminals 32 and 46 and the output by the terminals 39 and 46.

Entre le secondaire du transformateur 30 et le primaire du transformateur 35 est connecté un circuit amplificateur de puissance,connu de l'art antérieur, comportant deux parties symétriques. Dans l'une des parties un transistor bipolaire 41 du type NPN a son émetteur relié à l'une des bornes de l'enroulement 34 et à l'une des bornes de l'enroulement 36. La base de ce transistor est connectée à travers un condensateur 42 d'environ 6 microfarads à l'autre borne de l'enroulement 34. Enfin une résistance de polarisation 43 d'environ 2000 ohms relie la base au collecteur du transistor 41, le collecteur étant connecté, de son côté, à une borne 44. L'autre partie du circuit est composée des éléments 41′, 42′ et 43′, identiques respectivement aux éléments 41, 42 et 43, et qui sont connectés de la même manière que ces derniers, mais entre l'enroulement 34′ et l'autre borne de l'enroulement 36. Les bornes 37 et 44 constituent les bornes d'alimentation du circuit et elles sont reliées respectivement aux conducteurs 9 et 10 du connecteur universel.Between the secondary of the transformer 30 and the primary of the transformer 35 is connected a power amplifier circuit, known from the prior art, comprising two symmetrical parts. In one of the parts a bipolar transistor 41 of the NPN type has its emitter connected to one of the terminals of the winding 34 and to one of the terminals of the winding 36. The base of this transistor is connected through a capacitor 42 of around 6 microfarads at the other terminal of the winding 34. Finally, a bias resistor 43 of around 2000 ohms connects the base to the collector of transistor 41, the collector being connected, for its part, to a terminal 44. The other part of the circuit is composed of elements 41 ′, 42 ′ and 43 ′, identical respectively to elements 41, 42 and 43, and which are connected in the same way as the latter, but between the winding 34 ′ and the other terminal of the winding 36. The terminals 37 and 44 constitute the power supply terminals of the circuit and they are connected respectively to the conductors 9 and 10 of the universal connector.

Comme les signaux aux bornes des enroulements entre lesquels le circuit amplificateur est connecté ont des amplitudes faibles, le circuit peut être alimenté par une basse tension continue.As the signals at the terminals of the windings between which the amplifier circuit is connected have low amplitudes, the circuit can be supplied by a low DC voltage.

Les collecteurs des transistors 41 et 41′ étant connectés à la borne 44, il y a intérêt à relier cette borne à la masse du manchon 1, qui constitue aussi la masse de l'appareil. En effet, comme dans un transistor de puissance le collecteur est solidaire d'une électrode massive servant à évacuer la chaleur, cette disposition permet de fixer directement l'électrode sur le manchon 1 pour améliorer encore le refroidissement du transistor. Les bornes 46 et 44, correspondant respectivement à la masse électrique et à la masse de l'appareil, peuvent être indépendantes, liées galvaniquement ou, de préférence, connectées ensemble par un condensateur de découplage 45 d'environ 0.1 microfarad.The collectors of the transistors 41 and 41 ′ being connected to the terminal 44, it is advantageous to connect this terminal to the mass of the sleeve 1, which also constitutes the mass of the device. Indeed, as in a power transistor the collector is integral with a massive electrode used to dissipate the heat, this arrangement makes it possible to fix the electrode directly on the sleeve 1 to further improve the cooling of the transistor. The terminals 46 and 44, corresponding respectively to the electrical ground and to the ground of the apparatus, can be independent, galvanically linked or, preferably, connected together by a decoupling capacitor 45 of approximately 0.1 microfarad.

Le transducteur 4 est relié à l'amplificateur 8 pour former un oscillateur, le transducteur couplé au racloir 2 jouant le rôle de résonateur et l'amplificateur celui du circuit d'entretien. La liaison est réalisée en connectant les bornes 24, 25 et 26 respectivement aux bornes 46, 39 et 32. L'application d'une tension d'alimentation continue U, typiquement de 24 volts, fournie par la source de tension et rendant la borne 44 positive par rapport à la borne 37, entraînera alors le démarrage de l'oscillateur si le gain de l'amplificateur compense les pertes du transducteur, l'amplitude de l'oscillation dépendant de la valeur de la tension U.The transducer 4 is connected to the amplifier 8 to form an oscillator, the transducer coupled to the scraper 2 playing the role of resonator and the amplifier that of the maintenance circuit. The connection is made by connecting terminals 24, 25 and 26 respectively to terminals 46, 39 and 32. The application of a DC supply voltage U, typically 24 volts, supplied by the voltage source and making terminal 44 positive with respect to terminal 37, will then cause the oscillator to start if the gain of the amplifier compensates for the losses of the transducer, the amplitude of the oscillation depending on the value of the voltage U.

Bien entendu le détartreur dentaire qui vient d'être décrit peut subir différentes modifications et se présenter sous d'autres variantes, évidentes à l'homme du métier, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Of course, the dental scaler which has just been described can undergo different modifications and come in other variants, obvious to a person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Le transducteur pourrait ainsi comporter un nombre différent de pastilles piézoélectriques et les électrodes être connectées entre elles de manière à ne présenter que deux bornes. L'amplificateur pourrait également être réalisé différemment, par exemple pour former avec le transducteur, lorsque celui-ci ne comporte que deux bornes, un oscillateur du type Colpitts.The transducer could thus include a different number of piezoelectric pads and the electrodes may be connected together so as to have only two terminals. The amplifier could also be produced differently, for example to form with the transducer, when the latter has only two terminals, an oscillator of the Colpitts type.

Claims (5)

  1. Dental detartarizer comprising an elongated hollow sleeve (1) to be held in the hand and, inside the sleeve:
    - a vibrating piezoelectric transducer (4) having a first end or base (20), a second end or head (21), and an electrical input (25, 24) and output (26, 24), the said ends being aligned on an axis (xx') arranged in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve;
    - a scraper (2) connected to the head (21) by coupling means, a part of the scraper emerging from the sleeve (1) by way of an opening therein; and
    - an electrical signal amplifier (8) having an input (32, 46), an output (39, 46) and supply terminals (37, 44) receiving from an external source the electrical energy necessary for the operation of the detartarizer, the input and the output of the amplifier being connected, respectively, to the output (26, 24) and the input (25, 24) of the transducer so as to form an oscillator, the amplifier having the function of a maintenance circuit and the transducer that of a resonator vibrating in the longitudinal direction along the said axis (xx'), the base (20) and the head (21) being located at a node and at an antinode of displacement, respectively,
    characterised in that the said coupling means comprise:
    - an elastic connection element (6) attached to the transducer at the location of the antinode of displacement; and
    - a weight (7) solidly attached to the connection element (6) and supporting the said scraper (2), the weight and the scraper forming with the connection element a vibrating system having a resonant frequency substantially equal to the frequency of vibration of the transducer (4).
  2. Detartarizer according to claim 1, characterised in that the said connection element (6) is attached to the said head (21) of the transducer (4).
  3. Detartarizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the said connection element (6) and the said weight (7) are bodies of revolution having a common axis of revolution which coincides with the said axis of symmetry (xx') of the transducer.
  4. Detartarizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mass of the weight (7) is less than the mass of the head (21) so that the amplitude of displacement of the weight, at the resonant frequency, is greater than the amplitude of displacement of the head.
  5. Detartarizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the head (21), the connection element (6) and the weight (7) form a single metal piece.
EP88113638A 1987-08-25 1988-08-22 Dental scaler Expired - Lifetime EP0308662B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88113638T ATE70427T1 (en) 1987-08-25 1988-08-22 TARTAR REMOVER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH3259/87A CH673387A5 (en) 1987-08-25 1987-08-25
CH3259/87 1987-08-25

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EP0308662A1 EP0308662A1 (en) 1989-03-29
EP0308662B1 true EP0308662B1 (en) 1991-12-18

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EP88113638A Expired - Lifetime EP0308662B1 (en) 1987-08-25 1988-08-22 Dental scaler

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US (1) US5059122A (en)
EP (1) EP0308662B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0767470B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE70427T1 (en)
CH (1) CH673387A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3867008D1 (en)
DK (1) DK167307B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989001763A1 (en)

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US5320532A (en) * 1990-09-26 1994-06-14 Ormco Corporation Method of using ultrasonic dental tool
US5323796A (en) * 1992-09-24 1994-06-28 Dynaproducts, Inc. Automated dental flosser
US5730594A (en) * 1995-12-05 1998-03-24 Parkell Products, Inc. Ultrasonic dental scaler selectively tunable either manually or automatically
US5754016A (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-05-19 Dentsply Research & Development Corp Method of continuous control of tip vibration in a dental scalar system
US6164968A (en) * 1997-05-28 2000-12-26 Feine; James Trimodular ultrasonic dental device
AT404550B (en) * 1997-07-02 1998-12-28 Rosenstatter Otto Dr DENTAL HANDPIECE
US6241520B1 (en) * 1999-05-06 2001-06-05 Coltene/Whaledent Ultrasonic scaler with adaptive amplitude
US6503081B1 (en) 1999-07-01 2003-01-07 James Feine Ultrasonic control apparatus and method
EP1262152A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2002-12-04 Ecole d'ingénieurs Ultrasonic working instrument
US6900673B2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2005-05-31 Coltene/Whaledent, Inc. Microcontroller unit
US20030222535A1 (en) 2002-06-04 2003-12-04 Igory Gofman Ultrasonic driver
ITBO20050375A1 (en) * 2005-05-27 2006-11-28 Castellini Spa DENTAL MEETING
US10020679B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2018-07-10 James Feine Handheld electrical device system and method
US9050161B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2015-06-09 James S. Feine Energy harvesting insert for an ultrasonic handpiece with electrical device
CN104013475B (en) * 2014-05-06 2016-08-24 苏州市职业大学 A kind of ultrasonic tooth device of pair of Langevin-type transducer
EP3841927A4 (en) * 2018-09-28 2021-10-27 Foshan Shunde Midea Electrical Heating Appliances Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Power coupler, ultrasonic oscillator device, ultrasonic oscillator, mounting assembly, cover body assembly, cooking utensil and heating apparatus

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DE8507777U1 (en) * 1985-03-15 1985-05-09 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Dental ultrasonic handpiece

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK167307B1 (en) 1993-10-11
DK196089D0 (en) 1989-04-24
US5059122A (en) 1991-10-22
WO1989001763A1 (en) 1989-03-09
ATE70427T1 (en) 1992-01-15
CH673387A5 (en) 1990-03-15
EP0308662A1 (en) 1989-03-29
DE3867008D1 (en) 1992-01-30
JPH02501537A (en) 1990-05-31
DK196089A (en) 1989-04-24
JPH0767470B2 (en) 1995-07-26

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