EP0308300B1 - Procédé de combustion en lit fluidisé et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion en lit fluidisé et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308300B1
EP0308300B1 EP88402256A EP88402256A EP0308300B1 EP 0308300 B1 EP0308300 B1 EP 0308300B1 EP 88402256 A EP88402256 A EP 88402256A EP 88402256 A EP88402256 A EP 88402256A EP 0308300 B1 EP0308300 B1 EP 0308300B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
stage
fluidized bed
fuel
secondary air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88402256A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0308300A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Louis Bouju
Paul Cosar
Pascal Georges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock Entreprise
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Babcock Entreprise
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock Entreprise filed Critical Babcock Entreprise
Publication of EP0308300A1 publication Critical patent/EP0308300A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0308300B1 publication Critical patent/EP0308300B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to solid fuel fireplaces in which combustion is carried out in two stages: a first stage where the fuel is burned in a fluidized bed with a substoichiometric amount of primary air and a second stage where the gases emerging from the fluidized bed and the fine particles of fuel which they entrain burn with secondary air admitted into the combustion chamber at a certain height above the fluidized bed.
  • the invention relates to fluidized bed fireplaces of the aforementioned type known in particular from publication FR-A-2 583 305.
  • This known installation or boiler comprises a vertical combustion chamber, the bottom of which is constituted by a movable grate such as the upper strand of an endless chain, inclined upwards from front to rear in the direction of advancement of the fuel, this grid forming a fluidization support traversed by the primary blowing air.
  • the temperature within the fluidized flit is sufficient to allow agglomeration of ash in bottom ash which is discharged at the upper end of the grid thus forming a mechanical means of extraction by conveyor. Since the fuel used generally contains sulfur, this known installation relates more particularly to the desulfurization of gases leaving the fluidized bed hearth.
  • fly ash is separated from the flue gases in a primary dust collector while the desulphurizing agent and the products of the desulphurization reaction are separated from the fumes therefore in particular of the fly ash in a secondary dust collector while a portion of the desulphurizing agent and the products of the desulphurization reaction thus separated are discharged through a purge line. All of the solid particles, separated in the primary dust collector, are recycled at the first stage of combustion below the secondary air inlet, the fly ash being reinjected either just above the fluidized bed or within it itself.
  • EP-A-206 066 reveals a combustion device forming a circulating fluidized bed boiler (or turbulent layer).
  • This known system has the drawback of a relatively organically complex structure therefore of a relatively high cost as well as of a technical result or effect which is only partially satisfactory.
  • the operating mode of this known system results in obtaining a temperature maintained substantially constant at a desired value by regulation by means of forced cooling of all or part of the recycled ash, so that the flow rate of recirculation is determined therefore imposed by the desired constant temperature thereby resulting in a very high recirculation rate (ratio of recycled flow to purged flow) thereby increasing the risk of erosion and energy expenditure, the temperature conditioning l 'emission of nitrogen oxides and the effectiveness of the desulfurizing agent (injected with carbon into the fluidized bed).
  • the present invention essentially aims to eliminate or at least overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned known systems by creating a method of combustion of a solid fuel containing sulfur, comprising a first stage where the fuel is burned in a fluidized bed with a quantity substoichiometric primary combustion and fluidizing air and a second stage in the area of which a desulfurizing agent is injected and where the gases emerging from the fluidized flit and the fine particles of fuel or soot entrained by these gases burn with secondary air, the major part of the ash produced in the first stage of the combustion being evacuated at this stage while the solid particles separated from the fumes resulting from the combustion in the second stage, with the exception of a purge flow eliminating part of said solid particles entrained by the gases, are recycled to combustion for the circulate in a closed circuit.
  • the particles, recycled in the second stage of combustion are injected at two different levels depending on the combustion regime: a first level close to the intake level of secondary air, for walking at low load and a higher level for high load walking.
  • the recycled particles are preferably reinjected pneumatically by means of secondary air.
  • the invention also relates to a boiler forming installation with a fluidized bed hearth for the implementation of the aforementioned process, of the type comprising a combustion chamber, the lower part of which constitutes a fluidized bed reactor, with a bottom forming an inclined grid means for evacuating the ashes at the upper end of the hearth and under which are arranged means for blowing air for fluidization and primary combustion while above the hearth are placed means for introducing fuel in the fluidized bed and the upper part of the chamber includes secondary air intake nozzles and means for injecting a desulphurizing agent, located at a certain height above the fluidized bed and said nozzles secondary air intake; dust collector means connected to the outlet of the upper part of said chamber as well as means for reinjecting, into the combustion chamber, part of the solid particles separated from the combustion gases in said dust collector means and purge means for withdrawing the other part of said separate solid particles, characterized in that said fuel introduction means are arranged so as to introduce it into the most deep of the fluidized bed and said reinjection means opening into said combustion
  • the reference numbers 1 and 2 represent reactors, 3 and 4 are convection heat exchangers, 5 is a primary dust collector and 6 is a final dust collector.
  • the fuel introduced in 7 is fluidized by the air admitted in 8, under an inclined and gas-permeable floor.
  • the ash produced by combustion in a fluidized bed is removed at 9 by overflow or defluidization above the upper end of the hearth, or extracted from the bed, in the form of bottom ash, by a conveyor if the temperature of the bed is sufficient for cause agglomeration of ash.
  • the air flow blown at 8 is less than the stoichiometric flow, so that the gases produced which emanate from the bed are reducing.
  • These gases, which are charged with fly ash and fine fuel particles, are introduced into reactor 2 where secondary air is also introduced, at 11, and if necessary a desulfurizing agent, such as limestone or lime, in finely divided form, at 13.
  • the gases and the fuel particles which they transport burn with the secondary air to produce hot gases which successively pass through the exchanger 3, the dust collector 5, the exchanger 4 and the dust collector 6.
  • the dust separated from the gases in the dust collectors 5 and 6 is returned to the reactor 2, at 15, except for a small fraction which is withdrawn at 17, to remove the ash and the reaction products of desulfurization.
  • This boiler comprises a fluidized bed hearth 10, the bottom of which is formed by the upper strand, inclined with an endless chain 12. This bottom constitutes the bottom of a vertical chamber 18 whose walls and ceiling are formed, so known, of sealed tube panels, which are connected, at their upper end, to a vapor collecting balloon 20.
  • the chamber 18 is connected to a horizontal chamber 22 in which are placed bundles of tubes 24 connected to the balloon 20 and tubes 26 where the vapor collected in the balloon 20 is superheated.
  • the fumes produced in chamber 18 and leaving chamber 22 pass successively through a primary dust collector 28, constituted for example by a multicyclone, an exchanger 30, which could be an economizer, and a final dust collector 32, for example a bag filter.
  • the air necessary for the combustion of the fuel is partly blown through the chain 12 to ensure the fluidization of the solid fuel and its partial combustion, and partly at a certain distance above the bed, by means of nozzles 34.
  • the solid fuel is introduced through a chute 14 into the deepest part of the bed and a desulfurizing agent is injected at 36 into the upper part of the combustion chamber 18.
  • the dust collected in the chamber 22, in the dust collectors 28 and 32 and in the exchanger 30 is reinjected, for example pneumatically, at 37 into the combustion chamber 18, at the level of the nozzles 34 or above it; we can, in particular, use secondary air to reinject the dust.
  • Part of the dust is drawn off, continuously or discontinuously, by a purge circuit 38 to remove the products of the desulfurization reaction and the ashes.
  • the circulation rate - ratio of the flow rate of the circulating charge to the purge flow rate - is of the order of 10. Provision may be made for re-injecting the dust at two different levels according to the operating mode of the boiler: a lower level for the walking at low load and a higher level for walking at high load.
  • the combustion in the fluidized bed 10 takes place at a temperature sufficient to allow the ash to agglomerate in the form of bottom ash, these settle on the chain 12 and are discharged through it at its upper end. If the temperature of the fluidized bed is not sufficient to cause agglomeration of the ashes, they are evacuated by overflow or defluidization at the upper end of the hearth. In all cases, most of the ash is thus extracted from the bed, the rest being entrained by the gases emerging from the bed. Combustible gases emerging from the bed and fines fuel particles entrained by them, with the fly ash, burn above the bed 10 with the secondary air introduced by the nozzles 34.
  • the fluidized bed 10 constitutes the first stage of a two-stage reactor, the second of which is similar to a circulating fluidized bed and where the desulphurization and combustion of the soot are carried out entirely.
  • it is distinguished from conventional circulating fluidized beds by the fact that it does not have a fluidization grid and that the circulating charge is much more reduced, for a given rate of circulation of the desulfurizing agent, since the major part of the ashes is extracted from the bed 10 in the form of clinkers, so that the particles are kept in suspension in the gases in this second stage.
  • the content of desulphurization products in the fraction extracted by the purge circuit 38 is significantly higher, which facilitates the subsequent treatment thereof; the dust concentration of the chambers 18 and 22 is lower and the walls of these chambers as well as the tubes of the bundles 24 and 26 are subjected to less severe erosion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP88402256A 1987-09-14 1988-09-08 Procédé de combustion en lit fluidisé et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Expired - Lifetime EP0308300B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712680A FR2620517B1 (fr) 1987-09-14 1987-09-14 Procede de combustion en lit fluidise et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR8712680 1987-09-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0308300A1 EP0308300A1 (fr) 1989-03-22
EP0308300B1 true EP0308300B1 (fr) 1993-01-07

Family

ID=9354853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88402256A Expired - Lifetime EP0308300B1 (fr) 1987-09-14 1988-09-08 Procédé de combustion en lit fluidisé et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0308300B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR960010317B1 (ko)
DE (1) DE3877298T2 (ko)
ES (1) ES2038325T3 (ko)
FR (1) FR2620517B1 (ko)
IN (1) IN171723B (ko)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017213881A1 (en) * 2016-06-07 2017-12-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Methods of generating energy from cellulosic biofuel waste

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993018341A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Technische Universiteit Delft Method and apparatus for combusting a carbonaceous material
CN114234178B (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-07-12 平湖弘欣热电有限公司 一种流化床锅炉飞灰再循环系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0206066A2 (de) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit zirkulierender Wirbelschicht

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2539546C3 (de) * 1975-09-05 1985-10-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Verbrennung kohlenstoffhaltiger Materialien
US4704084A (en) * 1979-12-26 1987-11-03 Battelle Development Corporation NOX reduction in multisolid fluidized bed combustors
FI75505C (fi) * 1985-01-11 1988-07-11 Ahlstroem Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer avskiljning av fast material ur roekgaserna fraon en reaktor med cirkulerande baedd.
FR2583305B1 (fr) * 1985-06-18 1989-10-27 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de desulfuration des gaz provenant du foyer d'une chaudiere et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0206066A2 (de) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit zirkulierender Wirbelschicht

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017213881A1 (en) * 2016-06-07 2017-12-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Methods of generating energy from cellulosic biofuel waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3877298D1 (de) 1993-02-18
FR2620517A1 (fr) 1989-03-17
IN171723B (ko) 1992-12-19
KR890005454A (ko) 1989-05-15
DE3877298T2 (de) 1993-08-05
ES2038325T3 (es) 1993-07-16
FR2620517B1 (fr) 1989-12-22
KR960010317B1 (ko) 1996-07-30
EP0308300A1 (fr) 1989-03-22

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