EP0308300A1 - Verfahren zur Wirbelschichtverbrennung und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Wirbelschichtverbrennung und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308300A1
EP0308300A1 EP88402256A EP88402256A EP0308300A1 EP 0308300 A1 EP0308300 A1 EP 0308300A1 EP 88402256 A EP88402256 A EP 88402256A EP 88402256 A EP88402256 A EP 88402256A EP 0308300 A1 EP0308300 A1 EP 0308300A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
combustion
gases
fuel
fluidized bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88402256A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0308300B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Louis Bouju
Paul Cosar
Pascal Georges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock Entreprise
Original Assignee
Fives Cail Babcock SA
Babcock Entreprise
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fives Cail Babcock SA, Babcock Entreprise filed Critical Fives Cail Babcock SA
Publication of EP0308300A1 publication Critical patent/EP0308300A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0308300B1 publication Critical patent/EP0308300B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to solid fuel fireplaces in which combustion is carried out in two stages: a first stage where the fuel is burned in a fludized bed with a quantity of substoichiometric air and a second stage where the gases emerging from the fluidized bed and the fine particles of fuel which they entrain burn with secondary air admitted into the combustion chamber, at a certain height above the fluidized bed.
  • the invention relates to fluidized bed fireplaces, the bottom of which consists of a grid, at least part of which is inclined and in which the major part of the ash is removed at the upper end of the grid, either by mechanical means. in the form of bottom ash, if the temperature within the bed is sufficient to allow agglomeration of the ashes, either by overflow (French patent N ° 83.16290) or defluidization (French patent N ° 82.10385), in the opposite case.
  • the ashes and soot which are entrained by the gases emerging from the bed are separated in one or more dust collectors and reinjected into the fluidized bed.
  • the soot hardly burns in the fluidized bed, which is reducing, and can be trapped by the ashes and evacuated with them, which decreases the combustion efficiency.
  • the present invention improves the combustion efficiency of fireplaces of this type. It consists of recycle in the second stage of combustion the soot and fly ash separated from the smoke, with the exception of a purge flow which makes it possible to eliminate the fly ash. It thus establishes a closed circuit circulation with several passages of soot in the area where the second stage of combustion takes place which allows to obtain an almost complete combustion.
  • the particles separated from the fumes can be reinjected pneumatically, either by means of secondary air, or by an independent circuit.
  • the invention also relates to an installation comprising a fluidized bed hearth of the type concerned and at least one dust collector traversed by the fumes, characterized in that it further comprises means for re-injecting into the combustion chamber, at level of the secondary air intake nozzles or above them, the solid particles separated from the fumes in said dust collector, and a purge circuit making it possible to eliminate a part of said particles.
  • the reference numbers 1 and 2 represent reactors, 3 and 4 are convection heat exchangers, 5 is a primary dust collector and 6 is a final dust collector.
  • the fuel introduced in 7 is fluidized by the air admitted in 8, under an inclined and gas-permeable floor.
  • the ash produced by combustion in a fluidized bed is removed at 9 by overflow or defluidization above the upper end of the hearth, or extracted from the bed, in the form of bottom ash, by a conveyor if the temperature of the bed is sufficient for cause agglomeration of ash.
  • the air flow blown at 8 is less than the stoichiometric flow, so that the gases produced which emerge from the bed are reducing.
  • These gases, which are charged with fly ash and fine fuel particles, are introduced into reactor 2 where secondary air is also introduced, at 11, and if necessary a desulfurizing agent, such as limestone or lime, in finely divided form, at 13.
  • the gases and the fuel particles which they transport burn with the secondary air to produce hot gases which successively pass through the exchanger 3, the dust collector 5, the exchanger 4 and the dust collector 6.
  • the dust separated from the gases in the dust collectors 5 and 6 is returned to the reactor 2, at 15, except for a small fraction which is withdrawn at 17, to remove the ash and the reaction products of desulfurization.
  • This boiler comprises a fluidized bed hearth 10, the bottom of which is formed by the upper strand, inclined with an endless chain 12. This bottom constitutes the bottom of a vertical chamber 18 whose walls and ceiling are formed, so known, of sealed tube panels, which are connected, at their upper end, to a vapor collecting balloon 20.
  • the chamber 18 is connected to a horizontal chamber 22 in which are placed bundles of tubes 24 connected to the balloon 20 and tubes 26 where the vapor collected in the balloon 20 is superheated.
  • the fumes produced in chamber 18 and leaving chamber 22 pass successively through a primary dust collector 28, constituted for example by a multicyclone, an exchanger 30, which could be an economizer, and a final dust collector 32, for example a bag filter.
  • the air necessary for the combustion of the fuel is partly blown through the chain 12 to ensure the fluidization of the solid fuel and its partial combustion, and partly at a certain distance above the bed, by means of nozzles 34.
  • the solid fuel is introduced through a chute 14 into the deepest part of the bed and a desulfurizing agent is injected at 36 into the upper part of the combustion chamber 18.
  • the dust collected in the chamber 22, in the dust collectors 28 and 32 and in the exchanger 30 are reinjected, for example pneumatically, at 37 into the combustion chamber 18, at the level of the nozzles 34 or above the latter; we can, in particular, use secondary air to reinject the dust.
  • Part of the dust is drawn off, continuously or discontinuously, by a purge circuit 38 to remove the products of the desulfurization reaction and the ashes.
  • the circulation rate - ratio of the flow rate of the circulating charge to the purge flow rate - is of the order of 10. Provision may be made for reinjecting the dust at two different levels according to the operating mode of the boiler: a lower level for the walking at low load and a higher level for walking at high load.
  • the combustion in the fluidized bed 10 takes place at a temperature sufficient to allow the ash to agglomerate in the form of bottom ash, these settle on the chain 12 and are discharged through it at its upper end. If the temperature of the fluidized bed is not sufficient to cause agglomeration of the ashes, they are evacuated by overflow or defluidization at the upper end of the hearth. In all cases, most of the ash is thus extracted from the bed, the rest being entrained by the gases emerging from the bed. Combustible gases emerging from the bed and fines fuel particles entrained by them, with the fly ash, burn above the bed 10 with the secondary air introduced by the nozzles 34.
  • the fluidized bed 10 constitutes the first stage of a two-stage reactor, the second of which is similar to a circulating fluidized bed and where the desulphurization and combustion of the soot are carried out entirely.
  • it is distinguished from conventional circulating fluidized beds by the fact that it does not have a fluidization grid and that the circulating charge is much more reduced, for a given rate of circulation of the desulfurizing agent, since the major part of the ashes is extracted from the bed 10 in the form of bottom ash, so that the particles are kept in suspension in the gases in this second stage.
  • the content of desulphurization products in the fraction extracted by the purge circuit 38 is significantly higher, which facilitates the subsequent treatment thereof; the dust concentration of the chambers 18 and 22 is lower and the walls of these chambers as well as the tubes of the bundles 24 and 26 are subjected to less severe erosion.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP88402256A 1987-09-14 1988-09-08 Verfahren zur Wirbelschichtverbrennung und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0308300B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712680A FR2620517B1 (fr) 1987-09-14 1987-09-14 Procede de combustion en lit fluidise et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR8712680 1987-09-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0308300A1 true EP0308300A1 (de) 1989-03-22
EP0308300B1 EP0308300B1 (de) 1993-01-07

Family

ID=9354853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88402256A Expired - Lifetime EP0308300B1 (de) 1987-09-14 1988-09-08 Verfahren zur Wirbelschichtverbrennung und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0308300B1 (de)
KR (1) KR960010317B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3877298T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2038325T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2620517B1 (de)
IN (1) IN171723B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993018341A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Technische Universiteit Delft Method and apparatus for combusting a carbonaceous material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10415825B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2019-09-17 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Methods of generating energy from cellulosic biofuel waste
CN114234178B (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-07-12 平湖弘欣热电有限公司 一种流化床锅炉飞灰再循环系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2323101A1 (fr) * 1975-09-05 1977-04-01 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procede pour la combustion de matieres contenant du carbone
EP0033808A1 (de) * 1979-12-26 1981-08-19 Battelle Development Corporation Reduktion von NOx in Wirbelschicht-Verbrennungsöfen
WO1986003986A1 (en) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-17 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for separating solid particles from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
FR2583305A1 (fr) * 1985-06-18 1986-12-19 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de desulfuration des gaz provenant du foyer d'une chaudiere et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede.

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0206066B1 (de) * 1985-06-12 1993-03-17 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit zirkulierender Wirbelschicht

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2323101A1 (fr) * 1975-09-05 1977-04-01 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procede pour la combustion de matieres contenant du carbone
EP0033808A1 (de) * 1979-12-26 1981-08-19 Battelle Development Corporation Reduktion von NOx in Wirbelschicht-Verbrennungsöfen
WO1986003986A1 (en) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-17 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for separating solid particles from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
FR2583305A1 (fr) * 1985-06-18 1986-12-19 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de desulfuration des gaz provenant du foyer d'une chaudiere et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993018341A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Technische Universiteit Delft Method and apparatus for combusting a carbonaceous material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR890005454A (ko) 1989-05-15
DE3877298D1 (de) 1993-02-18
IN171723B (de) 1992-12-19
ES2038325T3 (es) 1993-07-16
KR960010317B1 (ko) 1996-07-30
FR2620517B1 (fr) 1989-12-22
DE3877298T2 (de) 1993-08-05
FR2620517A1 (fr) 1989-03-17
EP0308300B1 (de) 1993-01-07

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