EP0307736B1 - Method and device for adjusting a trip device with a permanent magnet - Google Patents

Method and device for adjusting a trip device with a permanent magnet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0307736B1
EP0307736B1 EP88114371A EP88114371A EP0307736B1 EP 0307736 B1 EP0307736 B1 EP 0307736B1 EP 88114371 A EP88114371 A EP 88114371A EP 88114371 A EP88114371 A EP 88114371A EP 0307736 B1 EP0307736 B1 EP 0307736B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tripping
current
demagnetization
pulse
fault
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88114371A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0307736A1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Fh Solleder
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Schmid
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT88114371T priority Critical patent/ATE100965T1/en
Publication of EP0307736A1 publication Critical patent/EP0307736A1/en
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Publication of EP0307736B1 publication Critical patent/EP0307736B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
    • H01H71/327—Manufacturing or calibrating methods, e.g. air gap treatments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
    • H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention initially relates to a method for adjusting holding magnet triggers for residual current circuit breakers, according to which the permanent magnet of its field strength is set to a desired value by first magnetizing and then demagnetizing in a controlled manner.
  • a method for adjusting relays with the function of holding magnets for residual current circuit breakers is known (DE-A-2 245 151).
  • the permanent magnet which was initially maximally magnetized, is demagnetized to the desired field strength.
  • the permanent magnetic field In the case of residual current circuit breakers, such as those on the market, the permanent magnetic field, on the other hand, is usually made adjustable in that the permanent magnet is displaceably or rotatably mounted on the yoke of the holding magnet, so that the impressed field strength can be changed and the holding magnet can thereby be adjusted.
  • Such a mounting of the permanent magnet for a holding magnet requires that the adjustment be carried out before the final assembly or that adjustment openings are provided in the housing.
  • adjustment openings also frequently disrupt the overall design concept of a device. Mechanical storage is also subject to wear.
  • EP-B1-0 117 250 the holding magnet or the permanent magnet is not led out of the magnetic field for demagnetizing, but a rotating magnetic field is run over the permanent magnet.
  • a rotating magnetic field is run over the permanent magnet.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a simplified method that also makes it possible to adjust built-in holding magnets.
  • the described object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to claim 1.
  • magnetization is carried out with a pulse of the same magnetic field direction and demagnetized in a pulse from an alternating magnetic field with a falling amplitude.
  • fault current e.g. alternating current, pulse current and smooth direct fault current
  • the procedure is such that the triggering of the holding magnet release occurs approximately in the middle of the tripping interval of the tripping current permissible for a first type of fault current according to the relevant regulations.
  • the tripping current strength for the other types of fault current found and recorded.
  • the setting for the residual current type with which a deviation occurs is made in such a way that magnetization is performed with a pulse whose initial amplitude is higher compared to the original initial amplitude if the tripping current intensity from the Trigger interval falls out at the top. Otherwise it is magnetized first and then demagnetized with a pulse with a lower initial amplitude. Thereupon, measurements are carried out again for all types of fault current to be taken into account, whereupon further settings are made if necessary, based on the last determined initial amplitude.
  • a commercially available pulse magnetizing device can be used for magnetizing and demagnetizing.
  • An advantageous device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists in the fact that in a computer-controlled pulse management device for a batch of holding magnet releases for the permanent magnets, the initial amplitudes of the pulses for demagnetizing for which the releases of the holding magnet releases lie within the required release interval are stored.
  • the storage of the determined initial amplitudes of the demagnetization pulses enables simple quality monitoring of the modules in the trip circuit, e.g. of the total current transformer.
  • the stored values form a wealth of experience that enables faster and easier adjustment for each device type.
  • a holding magnet release to be adjusted can be arranged at the measuring station 1 between the pole pieces of an electromagnet 2.
  • the permanent magnet is to be aligned with its polarization direction in the direction of the field of the electromagnet 2.
  • the excitation coils 3 of the electromagnet 2 receive current pulses via the line 4 from a magnetizing device 5, which is controlled by a computer 6 via the control line 7.
  • Measuring station 1 is designed to be able to receive and connect a residual current circuit breaker and to record the residual current at which the magnetic release of the residual current circuit breaker responds.
  • the measured and recorded values are fed to processor 6 via line 8 for measured value acquisition.
  • the drawing shows the basic structure of a suitable pulse magnetizer with which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • Demagnetizing enables very precise adjustment and leads to a very stable magnetization state. This makes the permanent magnet insensitive to external influences such as temperature or magnetic fields. In the case of a residual current circuit breaker with electronic components in the trip circuit, these can be protected against voltage peaks during adjustment - as they are induced during magnetization and demagnetization - if the short circuit winding is connected upstream of the residual current circuit breaker on its summation current transformer.
  • a procedure is suitable in which, in the case of a residual current circuit breaker with electronic components in the tripping circuit, on the secondary side to the usual total current transformer of the residual current circuit breaker, this is magnetically saturated during the magnetization and demagnetization by a sufficiently high smooth direct current in the primary winding of the total current transformer.

Abstract

In order to adjust retaining magnet trip devices, the field strength of the permanent magnet is adjusted to a nominal value. For this purpose, it is initially magnetised and subsequently demagnetised in a monitored manner. According to the invention, magnetisation is carried out by applying a pulse in the same magnetic field direction and demagnetisation is carried out by applying a pulse of decreasing amplitude from an alternating magnetic field. For use in fault-current circuit breakers, the retaining magnet is adjusted for a plurality of fault-current types. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich zunächst auf ein Verfahren zum Justieren von Haltemagnetauslösern für Fehlerstromschutzschalter, wonach dessen Permanentmagnet in seiner Feldstärke auf einen Sollwert eingestellt wird, indem zunächst aufmagnetisiert und anschließend kontrolliert abmagnetisiert wird. Ein derartiges Verfahren zum Justieren von Relais mit der Funktion von Haltemagneten für Fehlerstromschutzschalter ist bekannt (DE-A-2 245 151). Hierzu wird der anfangs maximal magnetisierte Permanentmagnet bis zur gewünschten Feldstärke abmagnetisiert.The invention initially relates to a method for adjusting holding magnet triggers for residual current circuit breakers, according to which the permanent magnet of its field strength is set to a desired value by first magnetizing and then demagnetizing in a controlled manner. Such a method for adjusting relays with the function of holding magnets for residual current circuit breakers is known (DE-A-2 245 151). For this purpose, the permanent magnet, which was initially maximally magnetized, is demagnetized to the desired field strength.

Bei Fehlerstromschutzschaltern, wie sie auf dem Markt sind, wird das Permanentmagnetfeld dagegen üblicherweise dadurch justierbar gemacht, daß der Permanentmagnet am Joch des Haltemagneten verschieblich oder drehbar gelagert ist, so daß die eingeprägte Feldstärke verändert und der Haltemagnet dadurch justiert werden kann. Eine derartige Lagerung des Permanentmagneten für einen Haltemagneten, wie er als Auslöser für Fehlerstromschutzschalter üblich ist, erfordert, daß die Justierung vor dem endgültigen Zusammenbau erfolgt oder daß im Gehäuse Justieröffnungen vorgesehen werden. Von Justieröffnungen möchte man jedoch absehen, um die Funktionssicherheit des äußerst staubempfindlichen Haltemagneten und somit die Sicherheit des Fehlerstromschutzschalters nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Justieröffnungen stören auch häufig das konstruktive Gesamtkonzept bei einem Gerät. Die mechanische Lagerung ist außerdem der Abnutzung ausgesetzt.In the case of residual current circuit breakers, such as those on the market, the permanent magnetic field, on the other hand, is usually made adjustable in that the permanent magnet is displaceably or rotatably mounted on the yoke of the holding magnet, so that the impressed field strength can be changed and the holding magnet can thereby be adjusted. Such a mounting of the permanent magnet for a holding magnet, as is customary as a trigger for residual current circuit breakers, requires that the adjustment be carried out before the final assembly or that adjustment openings are provided in the housing. However, one would like to refrain from adjustment openings in order not to impair the functional safety of the extremely dust-sensitive holding magnet and thus the safety of the residual current circuit breaker. Adjustment openings also frequently disrupt the overall design concept of a device. Mechanical storage is also subject to wear.

Durch Abmagnetisieren des Permanentmagneten möchte man derartige Schwierigkeiten vermeiden. Bei der bekannten Vorgehensweise (DE-A-2 245 151) wird der Permanentmagnet hierzu an eine stromdurchflossene Entmagnetisierungsspule so lange angenähert, bis er ausreichend abmagnetisiert ist, um in einem Relais die gegeforderten Ansprechwerte sicherzustellen. In der Praxis ist es jedoch schwierig, die geeigneten Justierungswerte zu erreichen: Entweder nähert man das Relais mit eingebautem Permanentmagneten der Entmagnetisierungsspule so lange, bis das Relais anspricht, worauf sich diese Werte wieder verändern, wenn das Relais aus dem Magnetfeld wieder herausgeführt wird. Oder man mißt den Ansprechwert des Relais nachdem man es aus dem Magnetfeld wieder herausgeführt hat und muß dabei viele Messungen durchführen, da so nicht sicher ist, wann das Relais die geforderten Ansprechwerte erfüllt. In der Praxis wird man feststellen, daß die Ansprechwerte bei einer Messung noch nicht erfüllt sind und bei der nächsten Messung bereits überschritten werden, d.h. daß der Permanentmagnet zu stark abmagnetisiert worden ist.By demagnetizing the permanent magnet one wants to avoid such difficulties. In the known procedure (DE-A-2 245 151), the permanent magnet is approximated to a current-carrying demagnetization coil until it is demagnetized sufficiently to achieve the required in a relay Ensure response values. In practice, however, it is difficult to achieve the appropriate adjustment values: either the relay with built-in permanent magnet is moved closer to the demagnetizing coil until the relay responds, after which these values change again when the relay is removed from the magnetic field. Or you measure the response value of the relay after you have brought it out of the magnetic field and you have to take many measurements, since it is not certain when the relay will meet the required response values. In practice it will be found that the response values have not yet been met in one measurement and will already be exceeded in the next measurement, ie that the permanent magnet has been demagnetized too much.

Nach einem anderen bekannten Verfahren (EP-B1-0 117 250), führt man nicht den Haltemagneten bzw. den Permanentmagneten aus dem Magnetfeld zum Abmagnetisieren heraus, sondern läßt ein rotierendes Magnetfeld über den Permanentmagneten hinweglaufen. Zum serienmäßigen Justieren von Haltemagneten ist es hierbei jedoch erforderlich, die Position des Permanentmagneten zu zwei gekreuzten Spulen sehr genau einzustellen, um reproduzierbare Werte zu erhalten.According to another known method (EP-B1-0 117 250), the holding magnet or the permanent magnet is not led out of the magnetic field for demagnetizing, but a rotating magnetic field is run over the permanent magnet. For the standard adjustment of holding magnets, however, it is necessary to set the position of the permanent magnet to two crossed coils very precisely in order to obtain reproducible values.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zu entwickeln, das es gleichfalls ermöglicht, auch eingebaute Haltemagnete zu Justieren.The invention has for its object to develop a simplified method that also makes it possible to adjust built-in holding magnets.

Die Lösung der geschilderten Aufgabe erfolgt nach der Erfindung durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. Danach wird mit einem Impuls gleicher magnetischer Feldrichtung aufmagnetisiert und in einem Impuls aus einem Wechselmagnetfeld mit fallender Amplitude abmagnetisiert. Für mehrere Fehlerstromarten, beispielsweise Wechselstrom, Pulsstrom und glatter Gleichfehlerstrom, wird dabei so vorgegangen, daß zunächst die Auslösung des Haltemagnetauslösers etwa in der Mitte des für eine erste Fehlerstromart nach einschlägigen Vorschriften zulässigen Auslöseintervalls der Auslösestromstärke eintritt. Hierauf wird die Auslösestromstärke für die weiteren Fehlerstromarten festgestellt und diese festgehalten. Falls die Auslösestromstärke von dem für eine Fehlerstromart zulässigen Auslöseintervall abweicht, erfolgt die Einstellung für die Fehlerstromart, bei der eine Abweichung auftritt, so, daß mit einem Impuls abmagnetisiert wird, dessen Anfangsamplitude im Vergleich zur ursprünglichen Anfangsamplitude dann höher ist, wenn die Auslösestromstärke aus dem Auslöseintervall oben herausfällt. Andernfalls wird zunächst aufmagnetisiert und danach mit einem Impuls mit niedrigerer Anfangsamplitude abmagnetisiert. Hierauf führt man für alle zu berücksichtigenden Fehlerstromarten erneut Messungen durch, worauf erforderlichenfalls weitere Einstellungen erfolgen, bei denen die zuletzt ermittelte Anfangsamplitude als Basis dient.The described object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to claim 1. Thereafter, magnetization is carried out with a pulse of the same magnetic field direction and demagnetized in a pulse from an alternating magnetic field with a falling amplitude. For several types of fault current, e.g. alternating current, pulse current and smooth direct fault current, the procedure is such that the triggering of the holding magnet release occurs approximately in the middle of the tripping interval of the tripping current permissible for a first type of fault current according to the relevant regulations. Thereupon the tripping current strength for the other types of fault current found and recorded. If the tripping current deviates from the tripping interval permissible for a residual current type, the setting for the residual current type with which a deviation occurs is made in such a way that magnetization is performed with a pulse whose initial amplitude is higher compared to the original initial amplitude if the tripping current intensity from the Trigger interval falls out at the top. Otherwise it is magnetized first and then demagnetized with a pulse with a lower initial amplitude. Thereupon, measurements are carried out again for all types of fault current to be taken into account, whereupon further settings are made if necessary, based on the last determined initial amplitude.

Zum Aufmagnetisieren und zum Abmagnetisieren kann ein marktübliches Impulsmagnetisiergerät eingesetzt werden.A commercially available pulse magnetizing device can be used for magnetizing and demagnetizing.

Eine vorteilhafte Einrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß bei einem durch Rechner gesteuerten Impulsmangetisiergerät zu einer Charge von Haltemagnetauslösern für die Permanentmagnete die Anfangsamplituden der Impulse zum Abmagnetisieren gespeichert werden, für die die Auslösungen der Haltemagnetauslöser im geforderten Auslöseintervall liegen.An advantageous device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists in the fact that in a computer-controlled pulse management device for a batch of holding magnet releases for the permanent magnets, the initial amplitudes of the pulses for demagnetizing for which the releases of the holding magnet releases lie within the required release interval are stored.

Die Speicherung der ermittelten Anfangsamplituden der Abmagnetisierungsimpulse ermöglicht eine einfache Qualitätsüberwachung der Baugruppen im Auslösekreis, wie z.B. des Summenstromwandlers. Darüberhinaus bilden die abgespeicherten Werte einen Erfahrungsschatz, der je Gerätetype eine schnellere und leichtere Justierung ermöglicht.The storage of the determined initial amplitudes of the demagnetization pulses enables simple quality monitoring of the modules in the trip circuit, e.g. of the total current transformer. In addition, the stored values form a wealth of experience that enables faster and easier adjustment for each device type.

Es wird also eine voll rechnergesteuerte Justierung ohne Eingriff durch Bedienpersonal ermöglicht.Fully computer-controlled adjustment is therefore made possible without intervention by operating personnel.

Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines in der Zeichnung grob schematisch wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment shown roughly schematically in the drawing.

Am Meßplatz 1 zwischen den Polschuhen eines Elektromagneten 2 kann ein zu justierender Haltemagnetauslöser angeordnet werden. Hierbei ist der Permanentmagnet mit seiner Polarisationsrichtung in Richtung des Feldes des Elektromagneten 2 auszurichten. Die Erregerspulen 3 des Elektromagneten 2 erhalten Stromimpulse über die Leitung 4 von einer Magnetisiervorrichtung 5, die von einem Rechner 6 über die Steuerleitung 7 gesteuert wird. Der Meßplatz 1 ist dafür ausgelegt, einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter aufzunehmen und anschließen zu können sowie die Fehlerstromstärke zu erfassen, bei der der Haltemagnetauslöser des Fehlerstromschutzschalters anspricht. Die gemessenen und erfaßten Werte werden über die Leitung 8 für Meßwerterfassung dem Prozessor 6 zugeführt. Die Zeichnung gibt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines geeigneten Impulsmagnetisierers wieder, mit dem das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchgeführt werden kann.At the measuring station 1 between the pole pieces of an electromagnet 2, a holding magnet release to be adjusted can be arranged. The permanent magnet is to be aligned with its polarization direction in the direction of the field of the electromagnet 2. The excitation coils 3 of the electromagnet 2 receive current pulses via the line 4 from a magnetizing device 5, which is controlled by a computer 6 via the control line 7. Measuring station 1 is designed to be able to receive and connect a residual current circuit breaker and to record the residual current at which the magnetic release of the residual current circuit breaker responds. The measured and recorded values are fed to processor 6 via line 8 for measured value acquisition. The drawing shows the basic structure of a suitable pulse magnetizer with which the method according to the invention can be carried out.

Das Abmagnetisieren ermöglicht, sehr genau zu justieren und führt zu einem sehr stabilen Magnetisierungszustand. Dadurch wird der Permanentmagnet unempfindlich gegen äußere Einflüsse, wie Temperatur oder Magnetfelder. Bei einem Fehlerstromschutzschalter mit elektronischen Bauelementen im Auslösekreis kann man diese beim Justieren vor Spannungsspitzen schützen -wie sie beim Auf- und Abmagnetisieren induziert werden-, wenn dem Fehlerstromschutzschalter primärseitig zu seinem Summenstromwandler eine Kurzschlußwindung vorgeschaltet wird.Demagnetizing enables very precise adjustment and leads to a very stable magnetization state. This makes the permanent magnet insensitive to external influences such as temperature or magnetic fields. In the case of a residual current circuit breaker with electronic components in the trip circuit, these can be protected against voltage peaks during adjustment - as they are induced during magnetization and demagnetization - if the short circuit winding is connected upstream of the residual current circuit breaker on its summation current transformer.

Als weitere Schutzmethode eignet sich eine Vorgehensweise, bei der bei einem Fehlerstromschutzschalter mit elektronischen Bauelementen im Auslösekreis, sekundärseitig zum üblichen Summenstromwandler des Fehlerstromschutzschalters, dieser während des Auf- und Abmagnetisierens durch einen ausreichend hohen glatten Gleichstrom in der Primärwindung des Summenstromwandlers magnetisch gesättigt wird.As a further protection method, a procedure is suitable in which, in the case of a residual current circuit breaker with electronic components in the tripping circuit, on the secondary side to the usual total current transformer of the residual current circuit breaker, this is magnetically saturated during the magnetization and demagnetization by a sufficiently high smooth direct current in the primary winding of the total current transformer.

Claims (5)

  1. A method for the adjustment of holding-magnet tripping devices for earth-leakage circuit-breakers, according to which the field strength of its permanent magnet is adjusted to a desired value, in that, firstly, magnetization takes place and, subsequently, in a controlled manner demagnetization takes place, characterized in that
    - the magnetization takes place with a pulse of the same magnetic field direction, the demagnetization takes place within a pulse from an alternating magnetic field with a diminishing amplitude, and
    - for several types of fault-current, for example, alternating current, pulse current and smooth d.c. fault current, adjustment takes place such that, firstly, the tripping of the holding-magnet tripping device occurs approximately in the middle of the permissible tripping interval of the tripping current intensity for a first type of fault-current according to relevant specifications, such that after this the tripping current intensity is in turn in each case established and secured for one of the additional types of fault-current, and
    - in the event of the deviation of the tripping current intensity from the permissible tripping interval for a type of fault-current, the adjustment for a type of fault-current is repeated, where a deviation occurs, such that demagnetization takes place with a pulse, the starting amplitude of which, compared with the starting amplitude with the preceding demagnetization, is increased, if the tripping current intensity exceeds the upper value of the tripping interval and which otherwise, after initial complete magnetization, is demagnetized with a pulse, the starting amplitude of which, compared with the starting amplitude of the preceding demagnetization, is lowered, and
    - hereupon for all types of fault-current to be considered, the tripping current intensities are determined anew, whereupon, if necessary, further adjustments take place, where in each case one proceeds from the last determined starting amplitude.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a pulse magnetizing device is used for the magnetization and demagnetization.
  3. A method according to claim 1, for the adjustment of holding-magnet tripping devices for earth-leakage circuit-breakers with electronic components in the tripping circuit and a totalizing current transformer, characterized in that a short-circuited winding is arranged with respect to the totalizing current transformer on the primary side during the magnetization and demagnetization.
  4. A method according to claim 1, for the adjustment of earth-leakage circuit-breakers with electronic components in the tripping circuit, on the secondary side with respect to the totalizing current transformer, characterized in that the totalizing current transformer is magnetically saturated during the magnetization and demagnetization by means of a smooth direct current.
  5. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that with a pulse magnetizing device controlled by computers there are provided devices for storing the starting amplitudes of the pulses for the demagnetization, for which the trippings of the holding-magnet tripping devices lie in the tripping interval, in each case for a batch of holding-magnet tripping devices.
EP88114371A 1987-09-15 1988-09-02 Method and device for adjusting a trip device with a permanent magnet Expired - Lifetime EP0307736B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88114371T ATE100965T1 (en) 1987-09-15 1988-09-02 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING HOLDING MAGNETIC RELEASES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3730974 1987-09-15
DE3730974 1987-09-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0307736A1 EP0307736A1 (en) 1989-03-22
EP0307736B1 true EP0307736B1 (en) 1994-01-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88114371A Expired - Lifetime EP0307736B1 (en) 1987-09-15 1988-09-02 Method and device for adjusting a trip device with a permanent magnet

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EP (1) EP0307736B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE100965T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3887412D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2048181T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016110979B4 (en) 2016-06-15 2020-08-13 Johnson Electric Germany GmbH & Co. KG Procedure for adjusting a magnetic release

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2806186A (en) * 1954-03-24 1957-09-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Relay adjusting set
AT378442B (en) * 1983-01-20 1985-08-12 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE HOLDING MAGNETIC TRIGGER
DE3421575A1 (en) * 1984-06-09 1985-12-12 Erich Dr.-Ing. 5300 Bonn Steingroever Electrical pulse generator

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ATE100965T1 (en) 1994-02-15
EP0307736A1 (en) 1989-03-22
ES2048181T3 (en) 1994-03-16
DE3887412D1 (en) 1994-03-10

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