EP0304596B1 - Cryostat - Google Patents

Cryostat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0304596B1
EP0304596B1 EP19880111094 EP88111094A EP0304596B1 EP 0304596 B1 EP0304596 B1 EP 0304596B1 EP 19880111094 EP19880111094 EP 19880111094 EP 88111094 A EP88111094 A EP 88111094A EP 0304596 B1 EP0304596 B1 EP 0304596B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cryostat
cryostat according
disposed
plate
screw
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19880111094
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0304596A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Weber
Andreas Ryser
René Dr. Jeker
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Spectrospin AG
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Spectrospin AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/086Mounting arrangements for vessels for Dewar vessels or cryostats
    • F17C13/087Mounting arrangements for vessels for Dewar vessels or cryostats used for superconducting phenomena
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085Cryostats
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/0687Special properties of materials for vessel walls superconducting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017Helium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/05Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0509"Dewar" vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cryostat, in particular for superconducting magnets, with nested components, one of which forms an outer shell and at least another forms a vessel arranged in the shell for receiving a coolant, and to the connecting rods connecting the components, each with an inner one Component is suspended from the adjacent, more external component, which tie rods consist of a glass fiber reinforced plastic, are provided with eyes at their ends and are fastened to the respective component by means of bolts penetrating the eyes.
  • loops in which the glass fibers form a kind of winding, which wraps around the bolts used for fastening.
  • Such loops have the required high tensile strength, but are expensive to manufacture. Furthermore, they cannot be manufactured with tight tolerances, so that difficulties arise in the assembly of the components of the cryostat when using such loops as tension rods. Finally, because of the necessary cross-section of their strands, they also require considerable space.
  • the invention has for its object to provide tension rods for cryostats that are easy to manufacture with close tolerances and at the same time require little space.
  • tension rods are designed as strip-like elements which consist of a plate material made of plastic reinforced with glass fiber fabric and have an elongated central section with parallel edges, at the ends of which widened sections adjoin, in the area of which eyes studded with bolts.
  • the invention therefore makes use of a material which is available as a cheap, mass-produced product and is used, for example, in large quantities for the production of printed circuit boards.
  • the tension rods can be easily cut out of such plates in an optimal shape and within very tight tolerances.
  • the widened sections arranged at the ends of the rods can easily be dimensioned in such a way that all forces occurring in the area of the eyes are easily absorbed and the strength of the tension rod in this area exceeds the strength of the elongated central section. It is particularly advantageous for this that the glass fiber fabric forms a bidirectional reinforcement which prevents the rod from splitting at its widened end, even if the tensile strength of such a material does not quite reach the values which unidirectionally reinforced composite materials have.
  • tension rods according to the invention are those that their space requirement essentially depends only on their thickness, that is to say on their extension in the direction of the fastening bolts, because this determines the necessary distances between the components of the cryostat.
  • their space requirement essentially depends only on their thickness, that is to say on their extension in the direction of the fastening bolts, because this determines the necessary distances between the components of the cryostat.
  • an almost unlimited space is available, so that there are no difficulties in giving the tensile bars the width sufficient to achieve the necessary strength.
  • a shape of the tension rods has proven to be particularly advantageous, in which the widened sections have the shape of a rectangular plate, in the central region of which there is a hole forming the eye and to each of which a transition section adjoins, with one of the lateral edges of the middle section tangentially continuing, arcuate contour from the width of the middle section to the width of the plate.
  • This arcuate contour can be a circular arc in a simple manner, but can also have a parabolic course.
  • the amount of heat transferred by the tension rods must be kept as small as possible.
  • heat transfer it is not just the thermal conductivity of the tension rod itself that is of Be interpretation, but also the heat transfer from the components to which the tension rod is attached to the tension rods.
  • the tensile rods used in the cryostat according to the invention have the advantage that, because of the small thickness of the tensile rods, the contact area between the tensile rods and the bolts carrying them is relatively small, so that the heat transfer by heat conduction is relatively small.
  • the widened sections of the tension rods have a relatively large surface facing the walls of the components, which favors heat transfer by radiation.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the tension rods are mirrored at least in the region of their widened sections, in order in this way to minimize the heat transfer by radiation. It is readily apparent that the plate-shaped design of the tension rods favors such a mirroring.
  • a particularly suitable material for producing the tension rods according to the invention is commercially available under the name "Vertronit EP G10".
  • a particular advantage of the tension rods designed according to the invention is that they can be fastened at their ends with a single bolt.
  • the narrow tolerances with which the tension rods can be produced make it possible to dispense with any means for adjusting the position of the components suspended by means of the tension rods. Therefore, in cryostats according to the invention, a screw is preferably used to fasten the tie rod, which has a cylindrical section adjoining the head of the screw, which forms the bolt penetrating the eye and the end of which also forms a stop limiting the depth of penetration of the screw, so that there is no risk that the tie rod will be damaged by improper fastening.
  • a plate for fastening the pull rod which has a sleeve-shaped extension which penetrates the eye of the pull rod as a bolt and is fastened to the corresponding component by means of a screw penetrating the extension. It is then this plate, which, like the head of a screw, overlaps the edge of the eye and secures the tension rod to its approach, which serves as a bolt.
  • the use of the screw described above or a plate provided with a shoulder has the particular advantage that the cylindrical section of the screw or the shoulder of the plate can be dimensioned such that the tension rod on the cylindrical section of the screw or the shoulder of the plate is kept with game.
  • the tension rod then has the option of following all dimensional changes without tension, which occur in particular after the cryostat has been assembled and cooled to its operating temperature.
  • cryostat according to the invention can be simplified in that plates provided with the attachment are formed directly from sections of the components to be connected to one another.
  • tension rods according to the invention Another significant advantage of using the tension rods according to the invention is that these tension rods can be bent within certain limits perpendicular to the plane of the plate without their tensile strength being impaired thereby. Therefore, in a cryostat designed according to the invention, the tension rods can directly connect sections of components which are arranged at a distance from one another in mutually parallel planes. It is readily apparent that this not only achieves a further, significant simplification of the construction of the cryostat, but also that the construction volume of the cryostat can be further reduced by the failure of protruding fastening elements.
  • the tie rods can easily be arranged between the flat end surfaces of the vessels and / or shields.
  • other tie rods of the same design can also be arranged between the lateral surfaces of the components in order to absorb horizontal thrust forces.
  • the cryostat shown in FIG. 1 has a nitrogen tank 2, a shield 3 and a helium tank 4, which contains a superconducting magnet 5, inside and outside an outer jacket 1.
  • the shield 3 is fastened to the end face 6 of the nitrogen tank 2 by means of tension rods 7, just as the helium tank 4 is fastened to the shield 3 by means of tension rods 8.
  • the helium tank 4 is connected to the nitrogen tank 2 by at least one axially extending tie rod 9.
  • the nitrogen tank 2 is also attached to the end faces of the jacket 1 by tension rods 10.
  • the tension rods used in the cryostat according to FIG. 1 all have the design shown in FIG. 2. These are parts cut out of plastic plates reinforced with glass fiber fabric, which have an elongated central section 21 and sections 22 widened at their ends.
  • the widened section te 22 are connected to the middle section 21 by a transition section 23 each, which has an arcuate contour that tangentially adjoins the respective edge of the middle section 21 and extends to the edge of the widened section 22.
  • the arcuate contour 24 can simply be an arc, but also the section of a parabola.
  • the widened sections 22 at the end of the tension rod have the shape of a rectangular plate, in the central region of which there is in each case a bore 25 for receiving a fastening bolt.
  • the plate material is of the same type as is used, for example, to manufacture the printed circuit boards.
  • the dimensions of the tension rod depend on the size of the cryostat, i.e. according to the forces to be absorbed by the tension rod.
  • the width of the plate-shaped section is approximately 4 times and the length of this section approximately 5 times the width of the central section 21.
  • the diameter of the bore 25 should be approximately 1.5 times this width and the length of the transition section 23 again be about 4 times the width of the middle section 21.
  • tensile bars were used which were cut out of the plastic plates reinforced with glass fiber fabric, commercially available under the name "Vertronit EP G10", which had a thickness of 3.5 mm.
  • the middle section of such a tension rod had a length of 460 mm and a width of 15 mm.
  • the widened sections 22 arranged at the ends had a width of 65 mm and a length of 82 mm.
  • the holes 25 ' were 24 mm in diameter and were 48 mm from the ends of the tension rod.
  • the transition sections 23 had an arcuate contour with a radius of 80 mm. This resulted in a total length of the tension rod of 733 mm and a distance between the centers of the holes 25 of 640 mm. This tension rod was mirrored at its ends.
  • such a tensile rod With a tensile strength of the material of approximately 300 N / mm2, such a tensile rod has a tensile strength of approximately 15,000 N and can be installed taking into account a high safety factor. Tensile tests have shown that such a tension rod tears in the area of its central section without destruction in the area of its bores.
  • the pull rod 8 connecting the helium tank 4 to the shield 3 is fastened with its upper end to the inside of the end wall 31 of the radiation shield.
  • a plate 32 with a sleeve-shaped extension 33 is used for fastening, which engages in a corresponding blind bore in the end wall 31 and penetrates the bore of the pull rod 8 as a bolt.
  • a countersunk screw 34 penetrating the sleeve-shaped extension and screwed into the end wall 31 is used.
  • the length of the sleeve-shaped extension centered in the blind bore of the end wall 31 is such that the distance of the plate 32 from the surface of the end wall 31 is slightly larger is than the thickness of the tension rod 8, so that the tension rod 8 is not pinched, but can be pivoted on the bolt formed by the sleeve-shaped extension 33.
  • the lower end of the pull rod 8 is fastened to the end wall 41 of the helium tank 4 by means of the same plate 32 and a countersunk screw 34.
  • a bearing block 42 is screwed into the outside of the end wall 41 of the helium tank 4, the bearing block 42 on its outer surface for receiving the sleeve-shaped extension 33 of the plate 32 and the Countersunk screw 34. With a corresponding reduction in the distance between the end walls 31, 41, the bearing block 42 could also be dispensed with and the lower end of the pull rod 8 attached directly to the end wall 41 of the helium tank 4.
  • the pull rod 7 connecting the radiation shield 3 to the nitrogen tank 2 is also fastened in the same way.
  • a special plate 32 is not used at the upper end of the tension rod 7, but rather a section of an end wall 51 connected to the nitrogen tank 2, which has a recess 52 in the region of the tension rod 7 which accommodates this tension rod.
  • the end wall 51 is in turn provided with a sleeve-shaped extension 53 which is supported on the end wall 54 of the nitrogen tank 2 and forms the bolt for mounting the tension rod 7.
  • a countersunk screw 55 is used to fasten the end wall 51 and the tension rod 7 in the region of the bolt formed by the sleeve-shaped extension 53.
  • the tension rod 7 is in turn screwed onto a bearing piece 36 by means of a plate 32 provided with a sleeve-shaped extension 33 and a countersunk screw 34 which is fastened to an inner jacket part 37 of the shield 3.
  • the simple way of fastening the tension rods described is made possible not least by the fact that the tension rods can be produced by cutting from plate material while adhering to narrow tolerances, so that no adjustment options have to be provided. Furthermore, the pivotability of the tension rods ensures that the components connected to one another always inevitably assume their equilibrium position and therefore no uncontrollable tensions can arise. This is also important in view of the fact that after the cryostat has been manufactured and cooled to the operating temperature, dimensional changes occur which the tension rods can readily follow. It is also important for this that the tension rods are not only pivotable about their bolts, but also allow bending within certain limits about an axis parallel to the plane of the plate without their tensile strength being impaired.
  • connection points for the tension rods do not need to be in a common plane to lie, but can be arranged in mutually offset parallel planes, as shown in FIG. 3, and such tension rods could also be mounted without the use of special bearing pieces between closely adjacent walls. It can also be seen that the tension rods mounted between parallel end walls require little space in the axial direction of the components connected to one another, i.e. their arrangement has practically no effect on the length of the cryostat, while there is sufficient space in the direction parallel to the end walls to accommodate the To be able to freely adjust the width of the tension rods to the respective strength requirements.
  • the described type of attachment has the advantage that the tension rods can be attached to the inside of the outer component during assembly of the cryostat before the inner component is inserted into the outer component, and then the attachment to the outside of the inner component through a recess 37 or 55 in the outer component because the screwing in of a screw can easily take place through such a recess, which can also be easily closed if necessary.
  • special screws 61 which have a cylindrical section 63 following their head 62, can also be used for fastening tension rods designed according to the invention instead of provided washers which are held by a countersunk screw forms a bolt penetrating the eye in the tension rod 64.
  • the end face at the end of the cylindrical section 63 in turn forms a stop which limits the depth of penetration of the screw 61 into the component 65 to which the tension rod 64 is fastened, so that the head 62 of the screw is at a defined distance from the surface of the component 65 is located, in which the tension rod 64 is still held with play on the bolt formed by the cylindrical extension 63.
  • the cylindrical section 63 of the screw 61 engages in an enlarged section 66 of the bore 67 serving to receive the screw 61, so that the cylindrical section 62 assumes a precisely defined position with respect to the component 65 .
  • the dimensioning and the arrangement of the tension rods inevitably depend on the structure of the cryostat, the components of which are to be connected to one another by means of such tension rods.
  • These tension rods are just as suitable for cryostats whose components are arranged with a vertical axis as for cryostats with a horizontal axis. These tension rods can also be used if there is superinsulation between the components of the cryostat.
  • suspension and / or support elements of a different type can also be used in a cryostat to connect the components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kryostat, insbesondere für supraleitende Magnete, mit ineinander geschachtelten Bauteilen, von denen eines eine äußere Hülle und mindestens ein anderes ein in der Hülle angeordnetes Gefäß zur Aufnahme eines Kühlmittels bildet, und mit die Bauteile verbindenden Zugstäben, mit denen jeweils ein inneres Bauteil an dem benachbarten, weiter außen liegenden Bauteil aufgehängt ist, welche Zugstäbe aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoff bestehen, an ihren Enden mit Augen versehen und mittels die Augen durchdingender Bolzen an dem jeweiligen Bauteil befestigt sind.The invention relates to a cryostat, in particular for superconducting magnets, with nested components, one of which forms an outer shell and at least another forms a vessel arranged in the shell for receiving a coolant, and to the connecting rods connecting the components, each with an inner one Component is suspended from the adjacent, more external component, which tie rods consist of a glass fiber reinforced plastic, are provided with eyes at their ends and are fastened to the respective component by means of bolts penetrating the eyes.

Bei Kryostaten für supraleitende Magnete, die allgemein den vorstehend beschriebenen Aufbau haben, bereitet die Ausbildung der Zugstäbe besondere Probleme. Diese Zugstäbe müssen eine hohe Zugfestigkeit haben, um die relativ großen Massen sicher zu tragen, und zugleich eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigheit aufweisen, um den Wärmetransport in das Innere des Kryostaten möglichst klein zu halten. Sie sollen zugleich einfach zu fertigen und zu montieren sein und im Kryostaten möglichst wenig Platz einnehmen, da die zu ihrer Unterbringung erforderlichen Räume erheblich zum Bauvolumen eines solchen Kryostaten beitragen können.In the case of cryostats for superconducting magnets, which generally have the structure described above, the formation of the tension rods presents particular problems. These tension rods must have a high tensile strength in order to safely carry the relatively large masses and at the same time have a low thermal conductivity in order to keep the heat transport into the interior of the cryostat as small as possible. At the same time, they should be easy to manufacture and assemble and take up as little space as possible in the cryostat, since the rooms required for their accommodation can make a considerable contribution to the construction volume of such a cryostat.

Glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe haben eine gute Zugfestigkeit und gleichzeitig eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit, so daß sie zur Herstellung der Zugstäbe für Kryostaten geeignet sind. R.C. Niemann et al haben die Eigenschaften von Epoxy-Fiberglas-Zugstäben für die Kryostaten supraleitender Magnete untersucht und in einem Beitrag zur ICMC 1977, erschienen in Adv. in Cryogenic Eng., Vol. 24, S. 283-289, Plenum Press, New York, die Ergebnisse ihrer Untersuchung behandelt. Diese Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, daß Zugstäbe mit rechteckigem Querschnitt, die an ihren Enden eine Bohrung zur Aufnahme eines Bolzens aufweisen, wegen der im Bereich der Bohrung auftretenden Spannungen für die Verwendung in Kryostaten ungeeignet sind. Stattdessen wird die Verwendung von Schlaufen vorgeschlagen, bei denen die Glasfasern eine Art Wickel bilden, der die zur Befestigung dienenden Bolzen umschlingt. Solche Schlaufen haben zwar die erforderliche hohe Zugfestigkeit, sind jedoch in der Herstellung kostspielig. Weiterhin lassen sie sich nicht mit engen Toleranzen herstellen, so daß sich bei Verwendung solcher Schlaufen als Zugstäbe Schwierigkeiten bei der Montage der Bauteile des Kryostaten ergeben. Endlich haben sie auch wegen des notwendigen Querschnittes ihrer Stränge einen erheblichen Platzbedarf.Glass fiber reinforced plastics have a good tensile strength and at the same time a low thermal conductivity, so that they are suitable for producing the tensile bars for cryostats. R.C. Niemann et al have investigated the properties of epoxy fiberglass tension rods for the cryostats of superconducting magnets and in a contribution to ICMC 1977, published in Adv. In Cryogenic Eng., Vol. 24, pp. 283-289, Plenum Press, New York who treated the results of their investigation. These results have shown that tension rods with a rectangular cross-section, which have a bore for receiving a bolt at their ends, are unsuitable for use in cryostats because of the stresses occurring in the region of the bore. Instead, the use of loops is proposed, in which the glass fibers form a kind of winding, which wraps around the bolts used for fastening. Such loops have the required high tensile strength, but are expensive to manufacture. Furthermore, they cannot be manufactured with tight tolerances, so that difficulties arise in the assembly of the components of the cryostat when using such loops as tension rods. Finally, because of the necessary cross-section of their strands, they also require considerable space.

In einer Arbeit von M.B. Kasen "Materials at low Temperatures", Am. Soc. Metals, Ed. Reed & Clark 1983, S. 41 bis 60, wird neben den erwähnten Schlaufen die Verwendung von metallischen Endstücken empfohlen, die mit den glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffteilen verklebt sind. Es ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß die Herstellung besonderer Metallteile und ihre Verklebung mit dem Kunststoffstab besonders kostspielig ist und Klebeverbindungen zwischen Metall und Kunststoff ihre eigene Problematik haben.In a work by M.B. Kasen "Materials at low Temperatures", Am. Soc. Metals, Ed. Reed & Clark 1983, pp. 41 to 60, in addition to the loops mentioned, the use of metallic end pieces that are glued to the glass fiber reinforced plastic parts is recommended. It is readily apparent that the production of special metal parts and their bonding to the plastic rod is particularly expensive and that adhesive bonds between metal and plastic have their own problems.

Demgemäß liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, Zugstäbe für Kryostaten zu schaffen, die auf einfache Weise unter Einhaltung enger Toleranzen herstellbar sind und zugleich einen geringen Platzbedarf haben.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to provide tension rods for cryostats that are easy to manufacture with close tolerances and at the same time require little space.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Zugstäbe als streifenartige Elemente ausgebildet sind, die aus einem mit Glasfasergewebe verstärktem Plattenmaterial aus Kunststoff bestehen und einen langgestreckten mittleren Abschnitt mit parallelen Rändern aufweisen, an dessen Enden sich verbreiterte Abschnitte anschließen, in deren Bereich sich die von Bolzen durchsetzten Augen befinden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the tension rods are designed as strip-like elements which consist of a plate material made of plastic reinforced with glass fiber fabric and have an elongated central section with parallel edges, at the ends of which widened sections adjoin, in the area of which eyes studded with bolts.

Die Erfindung macht demnach von einem Material Gebrauch, das als billiges Massenprodukt zur Verfügung steht und beispielsweise zur Herstellung der Platinen von gedruckten Schaltungen in großen Mengen Verwendung findet. Die Zugstäbe lassen sich in optimaler Form und unter Einhaltung sehr enger Toleranzen aus solchen Platten leicht ausschneiden. Die an den Enden der Zustäbe angeordneten verbreiterten Abschnitte lassen sich ohne weiteres so dimensionieren, daß alle im Bereich der Augen auftretenden Kräfte ohne weiteres aufgenommen werden und die Festigkeit des Zugstabes in diesem Bereich die Festigkeit des langgestreckten mittleren Abschnittes überschreitet. Hierfür ist es von besonderem Vorteil, daß das Glasfasergewebe eine bidirektionelle Verstärkung bildet, die ein Aufspalten des Stabes an seinem verbreiterten Ende verhindert, auch wenn die Zugefestigkeit eines solchen Materials nicht ganz die Werte erreicht, wie sie unidirektionell verstärkte Verbundmaterialien aufweisen. Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Zugstäbe besteht darin, daß ihr Platzbedarf im wesentlichen nur von ihrer Dicke, also von ihrer Ausdehnung in Richtung der Befestigungsbolzen abhängt, weil hierdurch die notwendigen Abstände zwischen den Bauteilen des Kryostaten bestimmt werden. Dagegen steht in der dazu senkrechten Richtung, nämlich parallel zu den Wandungen der Bauteile, ein nahezu unbeschränkter Platz zur Verfügung, so daß keinerlei Schwierigkeiten bestehen, den Zugstäben die zum Erreichen der notwendigen Festigkeit ausreichende Breite zu geben.The invention therefore makes use of a material which is available as a cheap, mass-produced product and is used, for example, in large quantities for the production of printed circuit boards. The tension rods can be easily cut out of such plates in an optimal shape and within very tight tolerances. The widened sections arranged at the ends of the rods can easily be dimensioned in such a way that all forces occurring in the area of the eyes are easily absorbed and the strength of the tension rod in this area exceeds the strength of the elongated central section. It is particularly advantageous for this that the glass fiber fabric forms a bidirectional reinforcement which prevents the rod from splitting at its widened end, even if the tensile strength of such a material does not quite reach the values which unidirectionally reinforced composite materials have. Another advantage of the tension rods according to the invention is that their space requirement essentially depends only on their thickness, that is to say on their extension in the direction of the fastening bolts, because this determines the necessary distances between the components of the cryostat. On the other hand, in the direction perpendicular thereto, namely parallel to the walls of the components, an almost unlimited space is available, so that there are no difficulties in giving the tensile bars the width sufficient to achieve the necessary strength.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Form der Zugstäbe erwiesen, bei der die verbreiterten Abschnitte die Form einer rechteckigen Platte haben, in deren mittleren Bereich sich eine das Auge bildende Bohrung befindet und an die sich jeweils ein Übergangsabschnitt anschließt, der mit einer die seitlichen Ränder des mittleren Abschnittes tangential fortsetzenden, bogenförmigen Kontur von der Breite des mittleren Abschnittes auf die Breite der Platte übergeht. Diese bogenförmige Kontur kann in einfacher Weise ein Kreisbogen sein, aber auch einen parabelförmigen Verlauf haben.A shape of the tension rods has proven to be particularly advantageous, in which the widened sections have the shape of a rectangular plate, in the central region of which there is a hole forming the eye and to each of which a transition section adjoins, with one of the lateral edges of the middle section tangentially continuing, arcuate contour from the width of the middle section to the width of the plate. This arcuate contour can be a circular arc in a simple manner, but can also have a parabolic course.

Wie bereits erwähnt, muß die von den Zugstäben übertragene Wärmemenge möglichst klein gehalten werden. Für die Wärmeübertragung ist nicht nur die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Zugstabes selbst von Bedeutung, sondern auch die Wärmeübertragung von den Bauteilen, an denen der Zugstab befestigt ist, auf die Zugstäbe. Dabei haben die in dem erfindungsgemäßen Kryostaten verwendeten Zugstäbe den Vorteil, daß wegen der geringen Dicke der Zugstäbe die Kontaktfläche zwischen den Zugstäben und den sie tragenden Bolzen relativ klein ist, so daß der Wärmeübergang durch Wärmeleitung verhältnismäßig klein ist. Dagegen haben die verbreiterten Abschnitte der Zugstäbe eine den Wandungen der Bauteile zugewandte, relativ große Oberfläche, die eine Wärmeübertragung durch Strahlung begünstigt. Daher sieht eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, daß die Zugstäbe wenigstens im Bereich ihrer verbreiterten Abschnitte verspiegelt sind, um auf diese Weise den Wärmeübergang durch Strahlung zu minimieren. Dabei ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß die plattenförmige Ausbildung der Zugstäbe eine solche Verspiegelung begünstigt.As already mentioned, the amount of heat transferred by the tension rods must be kept as small as possible. For heat transfer, it is not just the thermal conductivity of the tension rod itself that is of Be interpretation, but also the heat transfer from the components to which the tension rod is attached to the tension rods. The tensile rods used in the cryostat according to the invention have the advantage that, because of the small thickness of the tensile rods, the contact area between the tensile rods and the bolts carrying them is relatively small, so that the heat transfer by heat conduction is relatively small. In contrast, the widened sections of the tension rods have a relatively large surface facing the walls of the components, which favors heat transfer by radiation. A preferred embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the tension rods are mirrored at least in the region of their widened sections, in order in this way to minimize the heat transfer by radiation. It is readily apparent that the plate-shaped design of the tension rods favors such a mirroring.

Ein besonders geeignetes Material zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Zugstäbe ist im Handel unter der Bezeichnung "Vertronit EP G10" erhältlich.A particularly suitable material for producing the tension rods according to the invention is commercially available under the name "Vertronit EP G10".

Ein besonderer Vorteil der nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Zugstäbe besteht darin, daß sie an ihren Enden mit einem einzigen Bolzen befestigt werden können. Die engen Toleranzen, mit denen die Zugstäbe herstellbar sind, erlauben es, auf jegliche Mittel zum Justieren der Lage der mittels der Zugstäbe aufgehängten Bauteile zu verzichten. Deshalb wird bei Kryostaten nach der Erfindung vorzugsweise zur Befestigung der Zuganker eine Schraube verwendet, die einen sich an den Kopf der Schraube anschließenden zylindrischen Abschnitt aufweist, der den das das Auge durchsetzenden Bolzen und dessen Ende zugleich einen die Eindringtiefe der Schraube begrenzenden Anschlag bildet, so daß keinerlei Gefahr besteht, daß der Zuganker durch unsachgemäße Befestigung beschädigt wird. Stattdessen wäre es auch möglich, zur Befestigung des Zugstabes eine Platte zu verwenden, die einen das Auge des Zugstabes als Bolzen durchsetzenden, hülsenförmigen Ansatz aufweist und mittels einer den Ansatz durchdringenden Schraube an dem entsprechenden Bauteil befestigt ist. Es ist dann diese Platte, die ähnlich wie der Kopf einer Schraube den Rand des Auges übergreift und den Zugstab zuf ihrem als Bolzen dienenden Ansatz sichert.A particular advantage of the tension rods designed according to the invention is that they can be fastened at their ends with a single bolt. The narrow tolerances with which the tension rods can be produced make it possible to dispense with any means for adjusting the position of the components suspended by means of the tension rods. Therefore, in cryostats according to the invention, a screw is preferably used to fasten the tie rod, which has a cylindrical section adjoining the head of the screw, which forms the bolt penetrating the eye and the end of which also forms a stop limiting the depth of penetration of the screw, so that there is no risk that the tie rod will be damaged by improper fastening. Instead, it would also be possible to use a plate for fastening the pull rod, which has a sleeve-shaped extension which penetrates the eye of the pull rod as a bolt and is fastened to the corresponding component by means of a screw penetrating the extension. It is then this plate, which, like the head of a screw, overlaps the edge of the eye and secures the tension rod to its approach, which serves as a bolt.

Die Verwendung der vorstehend beschriebenen Schraube oder einer mit einem Ansatz versehenen Platte hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß der zylindrische Abschnitt der Schraube bzw. der Ansatz der Platte so dimensioniert werden können, daß der Zugstab auf dem zylindrischen Abschnitt der Schraube bzw. dem Ansatz der Platte mit Spiel gehalten ist. Der Zugstab hat dann die Möglichkeit, allen Dimensionsänderungen spannungfrei zu folgen, die sich insbesondere nach der Montage des Kryostaten beim Abkühlen auf dessen Betriebstemperatur einstellen.The use of the screw described above or a plate provided with a shoulder has the particular advantage that the cylindrical section of the screw or the shoulder of the plate can be dimensioned such that the tension rod on the cylindrical section of the screw or the shoulder of the plate is kept with game. The tension rod then has the option of following all dimensional changes without tension, which occur in particular after the cryostat has been assembled and cooled to its operating temperature.

Weiterhin kann der Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Kryostaten dadurch vereinfacht werden, daß mit dem Ansatz versehene Platten unmittelbar von Abschnitten der miteinander zu verbindenden Bauteile gebildet werden.Furthermore, the structure of the cryostat according to the invention can be simplified in that plates provided with the attachment are formed directly from sections of the components to be connected to one another.

Ein weiterer erheblicher Vorteil der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Zugstäbe besteht darin, daß diese Zugstäbe senkrecht zur Plattenebene in gewissen Grenzen biegbar sind, ohne daß dadurch ihre Zugfestigkeit beeinträchtigt wird. Daher können bei einem nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Kryostaten die Zugstäbe Abschnitte von Bauteilen unmittelbar miteinander verbinden, die mit Abstand voneinander in zueinander parallelen Ebenen angeordnet sind. Es ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß hierdurch nicht nur eine weitere, bedeutende Vereinfachung des Aufbaues der Kryostaten erzielt wird, sondern auch durch den Ausfall von ausladenden Befestigungselementen das Bauvolumen des Kryostaten weiter verringert werden kann. So können bei Kryostaten, deren Bauteile von konzentrisch zueinander angeordneten Gefäßen und Schilden mit zylindrischen Mantelflächen und ebenen Endflächen gebildet werden, die mit horizontaler Achse angeordnet sind, die Zuganker ohne weiteres zwischen den ebenen Endflächen der Gefäße und/oder Schilde angeordnet sein. Es können aber auch weitere Zuganker der gleichen Ausbildung zwischen den Mantelflächen der Bauteile angeordnet sein, um horizontale Schubkräfte aufzunehmen.Another significant advantage of using the tension rods according to the invention is that these tension rods can be bent within certain limits perpendicular to the plane of the plate without their tensile strength being impaired thereby. Therefore, in a cryostat designed according to the invention, the tension rods can directly connect sections of components which are arranged at a distance from one another in mutually parallel planes. It is readily apparent that this not only achieves a further, significant simplification of the construction of the cryostat, but also that the construction volume of the cryostat can be further reduced by the failure of protruding fastening elements. In the case of cryostats, the components of which are formed by vessels and shields which are arranged concentrically to one another and have cylindrical lateral surfaces and flat end surfaces which are arranged with a horizontal axis, the tie rods can easily be arranged between the flat end surfaces of the vessels and / or shields. However, other tie rods of the same design can also be arranged between the lateral surfaces of the components in order to absorb horizontal thrust forces.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert. Die der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung zu entnehmenden Merkmale können bei anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination Anwendung finden. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 teilweise in Seitenansicht und teilweise im Schnitt einen nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Kryostaten in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 2 den Grundriß eines in dem Kryostaten nach Fig. 1 verwendeten Zugstabes,
  • Fig. 3 einen Abschnitt des Kryostaten nach Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab und
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Anschlußsstelle eines Zugstabes in nochmals vergrößertem Maßstab.
The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. The features to be gathered from the description and the drawing can be used in other embodiments of the invention individually or in combination in any combination. Show it
  • 1 partially in side view and partially in section a cryostat designed according to the invention in a schematic representation,
  • 2 shows the outline of a pull rod used in the cryostat according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows a portion of the cryostat of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale and
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a connection point of a tension rod on a further enlarged scale.

Der in Fig.1 dargestellte Kryostat weist innerhalb eines äußeren Mantels 1 von außen nach innen einen Stickstofftank 2, einen Schild 3 und einen Heliumtank 4 auf, der einen supraleitenden Magnet 5 enthält. Der Schild 3 ist an der Endfläche 6 des Stickstofftankes 2 mittels Zugstäben 7 befestigt, wie auch der Heliumtank 4 an dem Schild 3 mittels Zugstäben 8 befestigt ist. Ferner ist der Heliumtank 4 mit dem Stickstofftank 2 durch wenigstens einen sich axial erstreckenden Zuganker 9 verbunden. Endlich ist auch der Stickstofftank 2 an den Endflächen des Mantels 1 durch Zugstäbe 10 befestigt.The cryostat shown in FIG. 1 has a nitrogen tank 2, a shield 3 and a helium tank 4, which contains a superconducting magnet 5, inside and outside an outer jacket 1. The shield 3 is fastened to the end face 6 of the nitrogen tank 2 by means of tension rods 7, just as the helium tank 4 is fastened to the shield 3 by means of tension rods 8. Furthermore, the helium tank 4 is connected to the nitrogen tank 2 by at least one axially extending tie rod 9. Finally, the nitrogen tank 2 is also attached to the end faces of the jacket 1 by tension rods 10.

Die bei dem Kryostaten nach Fig. 1 verwendeten Zugstäbe haben alle die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausbildung. Es handelt sich um aus mit Glasfasergewebe verstärkten Kunststoffplatten ausgeschnittenen Teilen, die einen langgestreckten mittleren Abschnitt 21 und an ihren Enden verbreiterte Abschnitte 22 aufweisen. Die verbreiterten Abschnitte 22 sind mit dem mittleren Abschnitt 21 durch je einen Übergangsabschnitt 23 verbunden, der eine bogenförmige Kontur aufweist, die sich tangential an den jeweiligen Rand des mittleren Abschnittes 21 anschließt und bis zum Rand des verbreiterten Abschnittes 22 reicht. Bei der bogenförmigen Kontur 24 kann es sich einfach um einen Kreisbogen, aber auch um den Abschnitt einer Parabel handeln. Die verbreiterten Abschnitte 22 am Ende des Zugstabes haben die Form einer rechteckigen Platte, in deren mittleren Bereich sich jeweils eine Bohrung 25 zur Aufnahme eines Befestigungsbolzens befindet.The tension rods used in the cryostat according to FIG. 1 all have the design shown in FIG. 2. These are parts cut out of plastic plates reinforced with glass fiber fabric, which have an elongated central section 21 and sections 22 widened at their ends. The widened section te 22 are connected to the middle section 21 by a transition section 23 each, which has an arcuate contour that tangentially adjoins the respective edge of the middle section 21 and extends to the edge of the widened section 22. The arcuate contour 24 can simply be an arc, but also the section of a parabola. The widened sections 22 at the end of the tension rod have the shape of a rectangular plate, in the central region of which there is in each case a bore 25 for receiving a fastening bolt.

Das Plattenmaterial ist von der gleichen Art, wie es beispielsweise zum Herstellen der Platinen gedruckter Schaltungen Verwendung findet. Die Dimensionen des Zugstabes richten sich nach der Größe des Kryostaten, d.h. nach den vom Zugstab aufzunehmenden Kräften. Dabei beträgt die Breite des plattenförmigen Abschnittes etwa das 4-fache und die Länge dieses Abschnittes etwa das 5-fache der Breite des mittleren Abschnittes 21. Der Durchmesser der Bohrung 25 sollte etwa das 1,5-fache dieser Breite und die Länge des Übergangsabschnittes 23 nochmals etwa das 4-fache der Breite des mittleren Abschnittes 21 betragen. Bei einem nach der Erfindung realisierten Kryostaten wurden Zugstäbe verwendet, die aus dem unter der Bezeichnung "Vertronit EP G10" im Handel erhältlichen, mit Glasfasergewebe verstärkten Kunststoffplatten ausgeschnitten waren, die eine Dicke von 3,5 mm hatten. Der mittlere Abschnitt einse solchen Zugstabes hatte eine Länge von 460 mm und eine Breite von 15 mm. Die an den Enden angeordneten verbreiterten Abschnitte 22 hatten eine Breite von 65 mm und eine Länge von 82 mm. Die Bohrungen 25' hatten einen Durchmesser von 24 mm und befanden sich in einem Abstand von 48 mm von den Enden des Zugstabes. Die Übergangsabschnitte 23 hatten eine kreisbogenförmige Kontur mit einem Radius von 80 mm. Daraus ergab sich eine Gesamtlänge des Zugstabes von 733 mm und ein Abstand der Mittelpunkte der Bohrungen 25 von 640 mm. Dieser Zugstab war an seinen Enden verspiegelt. Bei einer Zugfestigkeit des Materials von etwa 300 N/mm2 hat demnach ein solcher Zugstab eine Zugfestigkeit von etwa 15.000 N und kann unter Berücksichtigung eines hohen Sicherheitsfaktors eingebaut werden. Zugversuche haben ergeben, daß ein solcher Zugstab im Bereich seines mittleren Abschnittes zerreißt, ohne daß Zerstörungen im Bereich seiner Bohrungen auftreten.The plate material is of the same type as is used, for example, to manufacture the printed circuit boards. The dimensions of the tension rod depend on the size of the cryostat, i.e. according to the forces to be absorbed by the tension rod. The width of the plate-shaped section is approximately 4 times and the length of this section approximately 5 times the width of the central section 21. The diameter of the bore 25 should be approximately 1.5 times this width and the length of the transition section 23 again be about 4 times the width of the middle section 21. In a cryostat realized according to the invention, tensile bars were used which were cut out of the plastic plates reinforced with glass fiber fabric, commercially available under the name "Vertronit EP G10", which had a thickness of 3.5 mm. The middle section of such a tension rod had a length of 460 mm and a width of 15 mm. The widened sections 22 arranged at the ends had a width of 65 mm and a length of 82 mm. The holes 25 'were 24 mm in diameter and were 48 mm from the ends of the tension rod. The transition sections 23 had an arcuate contour with a radius of 80 mm. This resulted in a total length of the tension rod of 733 mm and a distance between the centers of the holes 25 of 640 mm. This tension rod was mirrored at its ends. With a tensile strength of the material of approximately 300 N / mm2, such a tensile rod has a tensile strength of approximately 15,000 N and can be installed taking into account a high safety factor. Tensile tests have shown that such a tension rod tears in the area of its central section without destruction in the area of its bores.

Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, ist der den Heliumtank 4 mit dem Schild 3 verbindende Zugstab 8 mit seinem oberen Ende an der Innenseite der Endwand 31 des Strahlungsschildes befestigt. Zur Befestigung dient eine Platte 32 mit einem hülsenförmigen Ansatz 33, der in eine entsprechende Sackbohrung in der Endwand 31 eingreift und als Bolzen die Bohrung des Zugstabes 8 durchdringt. Zur Befestigung der Platte 32 dient eine den hülsenförmigen Ansatz durchdringende und in die Endwand 31 eingedrehte Senkschraube 34. Die Länge des in der Sackbohrung der Endwand 31 zentrierten hülsenförmigen Ansatzes ist so bemessen, daß der Abstand der Platte 32 von der Oberfläche der Endwand 31 geringfügig größer ist als die Dicke des Zugstabes 8, so daß der Zugstab 8 nicht eingeklemmt wird, sondern auf dem von dem hülsenförmigen Ansatz 33 gebildeten Bolzen schwenkbar ist. In entsprechender Weise ist auch das untere Ende des Zugstabes 8 mittels einer gleichen Platte 32 und einer Senkschraube 34 an der Endwand 41 des Heliumtankes 4 befestigt. Zur Überbrückung des Abstandes zwischen der Endwand 41 des Heliumtankes 4 und der Endwand 31 des Strahlungsschildes 3 ist in die Außenseite der Endwand 41 des Heliumtankes 4 ein Lagerblock 42 eingeschraubt, der an seiner Außenfläche die Bohrungen zur Aufnahme des hülsenförmigen Ansatzes 33 der Platte 32 und der Senkschraube 34 aufweist. Bei entsprechender Verminderung des Abstandes zwischen den Endwänden 31, 41 könnte auf den Lagerblock 42 auch verzichtet und das untere Ende des Zugstabes 8 unmittelbar an der Endwand 41 des Heliumtankes 4 befestigt werden.As can be seen from FIG. 3, the pull rod 8 connecting the helium tank 4 to the shield 3 is fastened with its upper end to the inside of the end wall 31 of the radiation shield. A plate 32 with a sleeve-shaped extension 33 is used for fastening, which engages in a corresponding blind bore in the end wall 31 and penetrates the bore of the pull rod 8 as a bolt. To fasten the plate 32, a countersunk screw 34 penetrating the sleeve-shaped extension and screwed into the end wall 31 is used. The length of the sleeve-shaped extension centered in the blind bore of the end wall 31 is such that the distance of the plate 32 from the surface of the end wall 31 is slightly larger is than the thickness of the tension rod 8, so that the tension rod 8 is not pinched, but can be pivoted on the bolt formed by the sleeve-shaped extension 33. In a corresponding manner, the lower end of the pull rod 8 is fastened to the end wall 41 of the helium tank 4 by means of the same plate 32 and a countersunk screw 34. To bridge the distance between the end wall 41 of the helium tank 4 and the end wall 31 of the radiation shield 3, a bearing block 42 is screwed into the outside of the end wall 41 of the helium tank 4, the bearing block 42 on its outer surface for receiving the sleeve-shaped extension 33 of the plate 32 and the Countersunk screw 34. With a corresponding reduction in the distance between the end walls 31, 41, the bearing block 42 could also be dispensed with and the lower end of the pull rod 8 attached directly to the end wall 41 of the helium tank 4.

In der gleichen Weise ist auch der den Strahlungsschild 3 mit dem Stickstofftank 2 verbindende Zugstab 7 befestigt. Allerdings findet am oberen Ende des Zugstabes 7 nicht eine besondere Platte 32 Verwendung, sondern ein Abschnitt einer mit dem Stickstofftank 2 verbundenen Endwand 51, die im Bereich des Zugstabes 7 eine diesen Zugstab aufnehmende Aussparung 52 aufweist. An der Stelle, wo sich die Bohrung des Zugstabes 7 befindet, ist die Endwand 51 wiederum mit einem hülsenförmigen Ansatz 53 versehen, der sich an der Stirnwand 54 des Stickstofftankes 2 abstützt und den Bolzen zur Lagerung des Zugstabes 7 bildet. Auch hier dient wieder eine Senkschraube 55 zur Befestigung der Endwand 51 und des Zugstabes 7 im Bereich des von dem hülsenförmigen Ansatz 53 gebildeten Bolzens. Am unteren Ende ist der Zugstab 7 wiederum mittels einer mit einem hülsenförmigen Ansatz 33 versehen Platte 32 und einer Senkschraube 34 an einem Lagerstück 36 angeschraubt, das an einem inneren Mantelteil 37 des Schildes 3 befestigt ist.The pull rod 7 connecting the radiation shield 3 to the nitrogen tank 2 is also fastened in the same way. However, a special plate 32 is not used at the upper end of the tension rod 7, but rather a section of an end wall 51 connected to the nitrogen tank 2, which has a recess 52 in the region of the tension rod 7 which accommodates this tension rod. At the point where the bore of the tension rod 7 is located, the end wall 51 is in turn provided with a sleeve-shaped extension 53 which is supported on the end wall 54 of the nitrogen tank 2 and forms the bolt for mounting the tension rod 7. Again, a countersunk screw 55 is used to fasten the end wall 51 and the tension rod 7 in the region of the bolt formed by the sleeve-shaped extension 53. At the lower end, the tension rod 7 is in turn screwed onto a bearing piece 36 by means of a plate 32 provided with a sleeve-shaped extension 33 and a countersunk screw 34 which is fastened to an inner jacket part 37 of the shield 3.

Die beschriebene einfache Art der Befestigung der Zugstäbe wird nicht zuletzt dadurch ermöglicht, daß die Zugstäbe durch Ausschneiden aus Plattenmaterial unter Einhaltung enger Toleranzen hergestellt werden können, so daß keine Justiermöglichkeiten vorgesehen werden müssen. Weiterhin gewährleistet die Schwenkbarkeit der Zugstäbe, daß die miteinander verbundenen Bauteile zwangsläufig stets ihre Gleichgewichtslage einnehmen und daher keinerlei unkontrollierbaren Spannungen entstehen können. Dies ist auch im Hinblick auf die Tatsache wichtig, daß nach dem Herstellen des Kryostaten bei dessen Abkühlung auf die Betriebstemperatur Dimensionsänderungen auftreten, denen die Zugstäbe ohne weiteres folgen können. Dafür ist es auch von Bedeutung, daß die Zugstäbe nicht nur um ihre Bolzen schwenkbar sind, sondern in gewissen Grenzen auch eine Verbiegung um eine zur Plattenebene parallele Achse zulassen, ohne daß ihre Zugfestigkeit beeinträchtigt wird. Eine solche Verbiegung kann bei dem genannten Material bis zu etwa 5° betragen. Daher brauchen die Anschlußstellen für die Zugstäbe nicht in einer gemeinsamen Ebene zu liegen, sondern können in gegeneinander versetzten parallelen Ebenen angeordnet sein, wie es Fig. 3 zeigt., und es könnten solche Zugstäbe auch ohne die Anwendung besonderer Lagerstücke zwischen einander dicht be nachbarten Wänden montiert werden. Es ist ferner ersichtlich, daß die zwischen parallelen Endwänden montierten Zugstäbe in Axialrichtung der miteinander verbundenen Bauteile nur wenig Platz benötigen, sich ihre Anordnung also auf die Länge des Kryostaten praktisch nicht auswirkt, während in der zu den Endwänden parallelen Richtung ausreichend Platz besteht, um die Breite der Zugstäbe den jeweiligen Festigkeitsanforderungen frei anpassen zu können. Endlich hat die beschriebene Art der Befestigung noch den Vorteil, daß die Zugstäbe bei der Montage des Kryostaten jeweils an der Innenseite des äußeren Bauteiles befestigt werden können, bevor das innere Bauteil in das äußere eingeführt wird, und dann die Befestigung an der Außenseite des inneren Bauteiles durch eine Aussparung 37 bzw. 55 im äußeren Bauteil hindurch erfolgen kann, weil das Eindrehen einer Schraube ohne weiteres durch eine solche, bei Bedarf auch leicht verschließbare Aussparung hindurch erfolgen kann.The simple way of fastening the tension rods described is made possible not least by the fact that the tension rods can be produced by cutting from plate material while adhering to narrow tolerances, so that no adjustment options have to be provided. Furthermore, the pivotability of the tension rods ensures that the components connected to one another always inevitably assume their equilibrium position and therefore no uncontrollable tensions can arise. This is also important in view of the fact that after the cryostat has been manufactured and cooled to the operating temperature, dimensional changes occur which the tension rods can readily follow. It is also important for this that the tension rods are not only pivotable about their bolts, but also allow bending within certain limits about an axis parallel to the plane of the plate without their tensile strength being impaired. Such a deflection can be up to about 5 ° for the material mentioned. Therefore, the connection points for the tension rods do not need to be in a common plane to lie, but can be arranged in mutually offset parallel planes, as shown in FIG. 3, and such tension rods could also be mounted without the use of special bearing pieces between closely adjacent walls. It can also be seen that the tension rods mounted between parallel end walls require little space in the axial direction of the components connected to one another, i.e. their arrangement has practically no effect on the length of the cryostat, while there is sufficient space in the direction parallel to the end walls to accommodate the To be able to freely adjust the width of the tension rods to the respective strength requirements. Finally, the described type of attachment has the advantage that the tension rods can be attached to the inside of the outer component during assembly of the cryostat before the inner component is inserted into the outer component, and then the attachment to the outside of the inner component through a recess 37 or 55 in the outer component because the screwing in of a screw can easily take place through such a recess, which can also be easily closed if necessary.

Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, können zur Befestigung von nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Zugstäben anstelle von mit Ansätzen versehenen Scheiben, die durch eine Senkschraube gehalten sind, auch spezielle Schrauben 61 Verwendung finden, die im Anschluß an ihren Kopf 62 einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 63 aufweisen, der einen das Auge im Zugstab 64 durchsetzenden Bolzen bildet. Die Stirnfläche am Ende des zylindrischen Abschnittes 63 bildet wiederum einen Anschlag, der die Eindringtiefe der Schraube 61 in das Bauteil 65 begrenzt, an dem der Zugstab 64 befestigt ist, so daß sich der Kopf 62 der Schraube in einem definierten Abstand von der Oberfläche des Bauteiles 65 befindet, bei dem der Zugstab 64 noch mit Spiel auf dem von dem zylindrischen Ansatz 63 gebildeten Bolzen gehalten wird. Auch bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 greift der zylindrische Abschnitt 63 der Schraube 61 in einen erweiterten Abschnitt 66 der zur Aufnahme der Schraube 61 dienenden Bohrung 67 zentrierend ein, so daß der zylindrische Abschnitt 62 in bezug auf das Bauteil 65 eine genau definierte Lage einnimmt.As shown in FIG. 4, special screws 61, which have a cylindrical section 63 following their head 62, can also be used for fastening tension rods designed according to the invention instead of provided washers which are held by a countersunk screw forms a bolt penetrating the eye in the tension rod 64. The end face at the end of the cylindrical section 63 in turn forms a stop which limits the depth of penetration of the screw 61 into the component 65 to which the tension rod 64 is fastened, so that the head 62 of the screw is at a defined distance from the surface of the component 65 is located, in which the tension rod 64 is still held with play on the bolt formed by the cylindrical extension 63. Also in the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the cylindrical section 63 of the screw 61 engages in an enlarged section 66 of the bore 67 serving to receive the screw 61, so that the cylindrical section 62 assumes a precisely defined position with respect to the component 65 .

Die Dimensionierung und die Anordnung der Zugstäbe richtet sich zwangsläufig nach dem Aufbau des Kryostaten, dessen Bauteile durch solche Zugstäbe miteinander zu verbinden sind. Dabei eignen sich diese Zugstäbe ebensogut für Kryostate, deren Bauteile mit vertikaler Achse angeordnet sind, wie für Kryostate mit horizontaler Achse. Ebenfalls sind diese Zugstäbe auch dann anwendbar, wenn zwischen den Bauteilen des Kryostaten eine Superisolierung vorhanden ist. Endlich versteht es sich, daß in einem Kryostaten neben den nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Zugstäben auch Aufhängungs-und/oder Abstützelemente anderer Art zur Verbindung der Bauteile verwendet werden können.The dimensioning and the arrangement of the tension rods inevitably depend on the structure of the cryostat, the components of which are to be connected to one another by means of such tension rods. These tension rods are just as suitable for cryostats whose components are arranged with a vertical axis as for cryostats with a horizontal axis. These tension rods can also be used if there is superinsulation between the components of the cryostat. Finally, it goes without saying that in addition to the tension rods designed according to the invention, suspension and / or support elements of a different type can also be used in a cryostat to connect the components.

Claims (12)

1. A cryostat, particularly for super-conductive magnets, comprising inter-penetrative component parts of which one forms an outer casing and at least one other forms a vessel disposed in the casing and adapted to accommodate a cooling agent and with, connecting the component parts, draw bars by which a respective inner component part is suspended on the adjacent farther outwardly disposed component part, the said draw bars consisting of a glass fibre reinforced synthetic plastics material and being provided at their ends with lugs and being fixed to the respective component part by means of bolts which pass through said lugs, characterised in that the draw bars (7, 8) are constructed as strip- like elements which consist of a glass fibre fabric reinforced synthetic plastics slab material and comprise an elongated middle portion (21) having parallel edges, at the ends of which there are widened portions (22) in the region of which are the lugs (25) which are traversed by the bolts.
2. A cryostat according to Claim 1, characterised in that the widened portions (22) take the form of a rectangular plate in the middle portion of which there is a bore (25) which constitutes the lug and adjacent to which there is a respective transition portion (23) having an arcuate contour (24) which tangentially extends the lateral edges of the middle portion (21), and providing a transition between the width of the middle portion (21) and the width of the plate.
3. A cryostat according to Claim 2, characterised in that the arcuate contour (24) takes the shape of a parabola.
4. A cryostat according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the draw bars (7, 8) are mirrored at least in the region of their widened portions (22).
5. A cryostat according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the draw bars (7, 8) consist of a material which is commercially available under the name "Vetronite EP G10".
6. A cryostat according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the bolt traversing the lug consists of the cylindrical portion (23) of a screen (61) and adjacent the head (62) of the screw (61), the end of which at the same time forms an abutment which limits the depth of penetration of the screw.
7. A cryostat according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the bolt traversing the lug in the draw bar is constituted by a sleeve-like projection (33) disposed on one side of a plate (32) engaging over the rim of the lug and fixed to the corresponding part by a screw (34) which passes through the projection (33).
8. A cryostat according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the draw bar (64; 7, 8) is supported with clearance on the cylindrical portion (63) of the screw (61) or the projection (33) on the plate (32).
9. A cryostat according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the plate with the projection (53) is formed by a portion of the component parts (51) which are to be joined.
10. A cryostat according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the draw bar (7, 8) directly connects to each other portions of the components (2, 3; 3, 4) which are disposed in mutually parallel planes and at a distance from one another.
11. A cryostat according to to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the component parts comprise, disposed concentrically in relation to one another, vessels (2, 4) and shields (3) having cylindrical surface areas and plane end faces (31, 41, 51) which are disposed with a horizontal axis and in that the draw bars (7, 8) are disposed between the plane end faces (31,41, 51) of the vessels and/or shields.
12. A cryostat according to Claim 11, characterised in that further tie rods (9) are disposed between the cylindrical surfaces of the components (2,4).
EP19880111094 1987-07-24 1988-07-12 Cryostat Expired - Lifetime EP0304596B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3724569 1987-07-24
DE19873724569 DE3724569A1 (en) 1987-07-24 1987-07-24 CRYOSTAT

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EP0304596A1 EP0304596A1 (en) 1989-03-01
EP0304596B1 true EP0304596B1 (en) 1990-10-10

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EP0304596A1 (en) 1989-03-01
DE3724569A1 (en) 1989-02-02
JPH01111455A (en) 1989-04-28
US4878351A (en) 1989-11-07
JP2655518B2 (en) 1997-09-24
DE3724569C2 (en) 1989-04-27
DE3860787D1 (en) 1990-11-15

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