EP0302851B1 - Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0302851B1
EP0302851B1 EP88890183A EP88890183A EP0302851B1 EP 0302851 B1 EP0302851 B1 EP 0302851B1 EP 88890183 A EP88890183 A EP 88890183A EP 88890183 A EP88890183 A EP 88890183A EP 0302851 B1 EP0302851 B1 EP 0302851B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
pump
piston
crankcase
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88890183A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0302851A3 (en
EP0302851A2 (en
Inventor
Kurt Prevedel
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Wünsche
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Oberth
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AVL List GmbH
Original Assignee
AVL Gesellschaft fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH
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Publication of EP0302851A3 publication Critical patent/EP0302851A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/04—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/28—Component parts, details or accessories of crankcase pumps, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, subgroups F02B33/02 - F02B33/26
    • F02B33/30—Control of inlet or outlet ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in which the piston sucks fresh gas through a controlled opening on its underside on its way to top dead center and precompresses this gas on its return movement and supplies the cylinder of the internal combustion engine via a connecting line and a further controlled opening and at which is provided in the crankcase, which is essentially circular in cross section, with a connecting rod which, including a large bearing eye, has constant dimensions in the direction of the crankshaft axis, and seals with its parallel end faces on flat counter-surfaces in the crankcase and forms two separate spaces there, which one by means of control elements Form the connecting rod pump.
  • a two-stroke internal combustion engine of this type is described in DE-PS 710 288, in which the entire crankcase is connected to the intake openings when being sucked in by the crankcase pump, but when the pump charge is compressed, the crankcase is compressed by the connecting rod which also serves as the delivery piston in addition to the working piston is divided into two rooms. Of these rooms, only the space in the direction of rotation in front of the connecting rod serves to compress the load, the separation of the two spaces being carried out by tightly guiding the connecting rod on its side faces and its crank rod on the flat and circular inner surfaces of the crank arms.
  • a side extension is attached to it, with its side parts and its outer end on the inner walls of a bulge arranged at the transition from the cylinder to the crankcase and with a contour corresponding to the movement of the extension.
  • crankcase pump for a two-stroke internal combustion engine
  • its low efficiency as a result of the large damaged spaces has only been increased slightly, and this with a relatively large structural size Expenditure.
  • Piston and connecting rod pumps are connected via the crankcase space as a common suction and pressure chamber, so that the application is limited to two-stroke engines.
  • US Pat. No. 3,973,532 describes a four-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, the piston of which draws air or fuel-air mixture into the crankcase on the way to its top dead center and, on its return movement in the crankcase, conveys pre-compressed air to the intake members of the internal combustion engine.
  • a poor pre-compression efficiency of the engine piston is particularly disadvantageous due to the large damage space formed by the crankcase.
  • DE-OS 36 37 811 it is known from DE-OS 36 37 811 to arrange an additional auxiliary piston which can be driven by the crankshaft in the opposite direction to the working piston. On the one hand, this results in high friction losses and overall poor mechanical efficiency.
  • the installation space dimensions increase in any case and there is a considerable additional effort.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid these disadvantages and also to create a versatile crankcase pump.
  • the invention is that a ring slide is rotatably mounted in the crankcase, which passes through the connecting rod with little play, so that the working space of a piston pump is formed by the piston, the liner and the ring slide, each having a valve-controlled intake and exhaust channel, and that the connecting rod seals over gaps on the one hand with the crank web and on the other hand with the end cover of the crankcase and thus form a suction and a pressure chamber of a separate connecting rod pump in the ring slide valve, each with a recess in the end cover of the crankcase, which is approximately mirror image of the one in the lower one Connecting rod standing dead center are arranged, each with subsequent, controlled inlet and outlet channels in connection.
  • the damage volume of the piston pump is very small and Pressure increases in this pump are therefore correspondingly large.
  • the connecting rod divides the chamber enclosed by the ring slide into two continuously changing volumes, a suction and a pressure chamber.
  • the flow rate can be varied while changing the stroke by changing the connecting rod width and thus adapted to different tasks.
  • the small damage space created by this arrangement increases the pre-compression efficiency considerably.
  • the air volume conveyed is used for purging a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine as pre-compressed charge air.
  • This invention thus provides a possibility of charging without an external flushing or charging blower for two- and four-stroke diesel or gasoline engines as well as for internal combustion engines that use other fuels e.g. Gas, are operated.
  • fuels e.g. Gas
  • a simple embodiment according to the invention results from the fact that the passage opening for the connecting rod in the ring slide is constant and the widths of the connecting rod are dimensioned along their length such that the play of the connecting rod with respect to the passage opening is approximately constant at all angular positions of the connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod pump draws in and compresses air and, together with the piston pump, conveys it into a collecting pipe arranged on the suction side.
  • the connecting rod pump can advantageously serve as an independent pump for conveying foreign gases and the piston pump for supercharging the engine.
  • Frictional losses can be kept low by dynamically sealing gaps.
  • the two-stroke internal combustion engine consists of the crankcase 1 with a cast liner 2, the crankshaft 3, the piston 4 and the connecting rod 5.
  • the crankshaft 3 is mounted in the crankcase 1 by means of the roller bearing 6 and has a stepped crank web 7, which with its peripheral surface until it just touches the crankcase 1 or the liner 2 and carries the crank pin 8.
  • This crank pin 8 is encompassed by the large bearing eye 9 of the connecting rod 5, the length of the crank pin being equal to the continuously identical dimension of the connecting rod 5 in the direction of the crankshaft axis 3 ⁇ .
  • the connecting rod 5, which is drive-connected to the piston 4 via the piston pin 10, has two parallel end faces 5 ⁇ and 5 ′′, of which the end face 5 ⁇ seals with the crank web 7 and the end face 5 ′′ with the end cover 11 of the crankcase 1.
  • a ring slide 12 is rotatably supported by means of needles 13.
  • needles 13 instead of the needle bearing, grooves running in the direction of the crankshaft axis can also be provided on one of the sliding surfaces. It is also conceivable to replace the ring slide with a knife gate valve.
  • the connecting rod 5 passes through the ring slide 12, which is centered on the shoulder 7 ⁇ of the crank arm 7 with the aid of the shoulder 12 ⁇ , in a slot 12 ′′, which is determined by the two rounded end edges 14 and 15 of the ring slide 12, with little play this game remains the same in all positions of the connecting rod, the contour of the connecting rod 5 is adapted accordingly, as FIGS. 3 to 6 clearly show.
  • the connecting rod 5 divides the space enclosed by the ring slide 12 into the suction chamber A and the pressure chamber B, each of which has a kidney-shaped recess 16 and 17 stand in the end cover 11 with the inlet channel 18 or the outlet channel.
  • the inlet channel 18 is controlled by the membranes 20, which prevent backflow.
  • Corresponding membranes are provided in the outlet channel 19, not shown.
  • the piston pump As a result of the closure of its working space relative to the crankcase by the ring slide 12, the piston pump has only a very small clearance, as is readily apparent from FIG. 1.
  • This piston pump sucks in air via the suction channel 21, which is controlled by the membrane 22, and conveys the compressed air through the outlet channel 23, which is controlled by membranes 24.
  • the compressed air flows through the inlet slots 25 in the liner 2 into the cylinder space 26, as indicated by the dashed line 27.
  • the burned gases flow out through the outlet slot 28, as indicated by the broken line 29.
  • the air flowing into the connecting rod pump is illustrated by the broken line 30 and the flowing air is shown by the broken line 31.
  • a manifold 32 can expediently be provided, into which both the connecting rod pump and the piston pump deliver.
  • Areas of application of the internal combustion engine according to the invention are both petrol and diesel engines and gas engines in two and four stroke construction, in particular small engines for use e.g. for chainsaws, portable generators and pumps, moped engines and motors for motorcycles and aircraft propulsion e.g. Gliders.
  • the design according to the invention can also be used for larger and larger engines, both in the single-cylinder and in the multi-cylinder design, with a corresponding structural design of the crankcase space.

Description

Hubkolben-BrennkraftmaschineReciprocating internal combustion engine

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine, bei welcher der Kolben an seiner Unterseite auf seinem Weg zum oberen Totpunkt über eine gesteuerte Öffnung Frischgas ansaugt und bei seiner Rückbewegung dieses Gas vorverdichtet und über eine Verbindungsleitung und eine weitere gesteuerte Öffnung dem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine zuführt und bei welcher in dem im wesentlichen einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisenden Kurbelgehäuse eine Pleuelstange vorgesehen ist, welche einschließlich einem großen Lagerauge gleichbleibende Abmessungen in Richtung der Kurbel­wellenachse aufweist, und mit ihren parallelen Stirnflächen an planen Gegenflächen im Kurbelgehäuse abdichtet und dort zwei abgetrennte Räume bildet, welche mittels Steuerorganen eine Pleuelpumpe bilden.The invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in which the piston sucks fresh gas through a controlled opening on its underside on its way to top dead center and precompresses this gas on its return movement and supplies the cylinder of the internal combustion engine via a connecting line and a further controlled opening and at which is provided in the crankcase, which is essentially circular in cross section, with a connecting rod which, including a large bearing eye, has constant dimensions in the direction of the crankshaft axis, and seals with its parallel end faces on flat counter-surfaces in the crankcase and forms two separate spaces there, which one by means of control elements Form the connecting rod pump.

Eine Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine dieser Art ist in der DE-PS 710 288 beschrieben, bei der beim Ansaugen durch die Kurbelgehäusepumpe das gesamte Kurbelgehäuse mit den Ansaugöffnungen in Verbindung steht, beim Verdichten der Pum­penladung das Kurbelgehäuse jedoch durch die außer dem Ar­beitskolben ebenfalls als Förderkolben dienende Pleuelstange in zwei Räume geteilt ist. Von diesen Räumen dient nur der in Drehrichtung vor der Pleuelstange dienende Raum zur Verdich­tung der Ladung, wobei die Trennung der beiden Räume durch dichte Führung der Pleuelstange an ihren Seitenflächen und ih­rer Kurbelstange an den planen und kreisrunden Innenflächen der Kurbelwangen erfolgt. Zur Abdichtung des kolbenseitigen Endes der Pleuelstange ist an dieser ein seitlicher Ansatz an­gebracht, der mit seinen Seitenteilen und seinem äußeren Ende an den Innenwänden einer am Übergang des Zylinders zum Kurbel­gehäuse angeordneten Ausbuchtung mit einer der Bewegung des Ansatzes entsprechenden Kontur dicht geführt ist.A two-stroke internal combustion engine of this type is described in DE-PS 710 288, in which the entire crankcase is connected to the intake openings when being sucked in by the crankcase pump, but when the pump charge is compressed, the crankcase is compressed by the connecting rod which also serves as the delivery piston in addition to the working piston is divided into two rooms. Of these rooms, only the space in the direction of rotation in front of the connecting rod serves to compress the load, the separation of the two spaces being carried out by tightly guiding the connecting rod on its side faces and its crank rod on the flat and circular inner surfaces of the crank arms. To seal the piston-side end of the connecting rod, a side extension is attached to it, with its side parts and its outer end on the inner walls of a bulge arranged at the transition from the cylinder to the crankcase and with a contour corresponding to the movement of the extension.

Mit dieser Ausführung der Kurbelgehäusepumpe für eine Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine ist deren an sich geringer Wir­kungsgrad infolge der großen Schadräume nur geringfügig erhöht worden, und dies mit einem verhältnismäßig großem baulichen Aufwand. Kolben- und Pleuelpumpe sind dabei über den Kurbelge­häuseraum als gemeinsamen Ansaug- und Druckraum verbunden, so­daß die Anwendungsmöglichkeit auf Zweitaktmaschinen beschränkt ist.With this version of the crankcase pump for a two-stroke internal combustion engine, its low efficiency as a result of the large damaged spaces has only been increased slightly, and this with a relatively large structural size Expenditure. Piston and connecting rod pumps are connected via the crankcase space as a common suction and pressure chamber, so that the application is limited to two-stroke engines.

In der US-PS 3 973 532 ist eine Viertakt-Hubkol­ben-Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben, deren Kolben auf dem Weg zu seinem oberen Totpunkt Luft oder Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch in das Kurbelgehäuse einsaugt und bei seiner Rückbewegung im Kur­belgehäuse vorverdichtete Luft zu den Ansaugorganen der Brenn­kraftmaschine fördert. Hiebei ist ein schlechter Vorver­dichtungwsirkungsgrad des Motorkolbens durch den großen vom Kurbelgehäuse gebildeten Schadraum von besonderem Nachteil. Zur Erzielung hoher Luftfördermengen, z.B. für Dieselmotoren, ist es aus der DE-OS 36 37 811 bekannt, einen zusätzlichen von der Kurbelwelle gegenläufig zum Arbeitskolben antreibbaren Hilfskolben anzuordnen. Dieser ergibt einerseits hohe Reibver­luste und insgesamt einen schlechten mechanischen Wirkungs­grad. Weiters steigt in jedem Falle die Bauraumabmessung und es ergibt sich ein beträchtlicher Mehraufwand.US Pat. No. 3,973,532 describes a four-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, the piston of which draws air or fuel-air mixture into the crankcase on the way to its top dead center and, on its return movement in the crankcase, conveys pre-compressed air to the intake members of the internal combustion engine. A poor pre-compression efficiency of the engine piston is particularly disadvantageous due to the large damage space formed by the crankcase. To achieve high air flow rates, e.g. for diesel engines, it is known from DE-OS 36 37 811 to arrange an additional auxiliary piston which can be driven by the crankshaft in the opposite direction to the working piston. On the one hand, this results in high friction losses and overall poor mechanical efficiency. Furthermore, the installation space dimensions increase in any case and there is a considerable additional effort.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und außerdem eine vielseitig einsetzbare Kurbelge­häusepumpe zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to avoid these disadvantages and also to create a versatile crankcase pump.

Die Erfindung besteht darin, daß im Kurbelgehäuse ein Ring­schieber verdrehbar gelagert ist, den die Pleuelstange mit ge­ringem Spiel durchsetzt, sodaß durch den Kolben, die Lauf­büchse und den Ringschieber der Arbeitsraum einer Kolbenpumpe gebildet ist, welcher je einen ventilgesteuerten Ansaug- und Auslaßkanal aufweist, und daß die Pleuelstange über Spalte ei­nerseits mit der Kurbelwange und andererseits mit dem Ab­schlußdeckel des Kurbelgehäuses dichtet und so im Ringschieber eine Ansaug- und eine Druckkammer einer separierten Pleuel­pumpe bilden, die über je eine Ausnehmung im Abschlußdeckel des Kurbelgehäuses, welche etwa spiegelbildlich zu der in der unteren Totpunktlage stehenden Pleuelstange angeordnet sind, mit je anschließenden, gesteuerten Einlaß- und Auslaßkanälen in Verbindung stehen.The invention is that a ring slide is rotatably mounted in the crankcase, which passes through the connecting rod with little play, so that the working space of a piston pump is formed by the piston, the liner and the ring slide, each having a valve-controlled intake and exhaust channel, and that the connecting rod seals over gaps on the one hand with the crank web and on the other hand with the end cover of the crankcase and thus form a suction and a pressure chamber of a separate connecting rod pump in the ring slide valve, each with a recess in the end cover of the crankcase, which is approximately mirror image of the one in the lower one Connecting rod standing dead center are arranged, each with subsequent, controlled inlet and outlet channels in connection.

Das Schadvolumen der Kolbenpumpe ist dabei sehr klein und die Drucksteigerungen in dieser Pumpe sind daher entsprechend groß. Die Pleuelstange teilt die vom Ringschieber umschlossene Kammer in zwei sich kontinuierlich periodisch ändernde Volu­mina, eine Saug- und eine Druckkammer. Durch die Arbeitsweise mit der Pleuelstange als Verdrängerelement lassen sich, be­dingt durch restloses Einsaugen und Ausschieben ohne nennens­werte Schadvolumina, hohe Drucksteigerungen erzielen. Die För­dermenge kann bei gleichbleibendem Hub durch Ändern der Pleu­elstangenbreite variiert und so an verschiedene Aufgaben ange­paßt werden. Der durch diese Anordnung entstehende kleine Schadraum erhöht den Vorverdichtungswirkungsgrad erheblich. Das dabei geförderte Luftvolumen dient einem Zweitaktmotor zur Spülung, einem Viertaktmotor als vorverdichtete Ladeluft.The damage volume of the piston pump is very small and Pressure increases in this pump are therefore correspondingly large. The connecting rod divides the chamber enclosed by the ring slide into two continuously changing volumes, a suction and a pressure chamber. By working with the connecting rod as a displacement element, high pressure increases can be achieved due to complete sucking in and pushing out without significant damage volumes. The flow rate can be varied while changing the stroke by changing the connecting rod width and thus adapted to different tasks. The small damage space created by this arrangement increases the pre-compression efficiency considerably. The air volume conveyed is used for purging a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine as pre-compressed charge air.

Diese Erfindung stellt somit eine Auflademöglichkeit ohne ex­ternes Spül- oder Ladegebläse für Zwei- und Viertakt-Diesel-­oder Ottomotoren sowie für Brennkraftmaschinen, die mit ande­ren Treibstoffen z.B. Gas, betrieben werden, dar. Trotz des hohen Gewinns an Förderleistung des Motorkolbens tritt prak­tisch keine Vergrößerung des Bauvolumens gegenüber Brennkraft­maschinen mit konventioneller Kurbelkastenspülung ein.This invention thus provides a possibility of charging without an external flushing or charging blower for two- and four-stroke diesel or gasoline engines as well as for internal combustion engines that use other fuels e.g. Gas, are operated. Despite the high gain in delivery capacity of the engine piston, there is practically no increase in the volume compared to internal combustion engines with conventional crankcase purging.

Eine einfache Ausführung gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich da­durch, daß die Durchtrittsöffnung für die Pleuelstange im Ringschieber gleichbleibend ist und die Breiten der Pleuel­stange über deren Länge so bemessen sind, daß das Spiel der Pleuelstange gegenüber der Durchtrittsöffnung bei allen Win­kellagen der Pleuelstange etwa konstant ist.A simple embodiment according to the invention results from the fact that the passage opening for the connecting rod in the ring slide is constant and the widths of the connecting rod are dimensioned along their length such that the play of the connecting rod with respect to the passage opening is approximately constant at all angular positions of the connecting rod.

Erfindungsgemäß kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Pleuelpumpe Luft ansaugt und verdichtet und gemeinsam mit der Kolbenpumpe in ein saugseitig angeordnetes Sammelrohr fördert. Für gewisse Anwendungsfälle kann die Pleuelpumpe vorteilhaft als eigen­ständige Pumpe zur Förderung von Fremdgasen und die Kolben­pumpe der Motoraufladung dienen.According to the invention, it can be provided that the connecting rod pump draws in and compresses air and, together with the piston pump, conveys it into a collecting pipe arranged on the suction side. For certain applications, the connecting rod pump can advantageously serve as an independent pump for conveying foreign gases and the piston pump for supercharging the engine.

Durch dynamisch dichtende Spalte können Reibverluste gering gehalten werden.Frictional losses can be kept low by dynamically sealing gaps.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher er­läutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine im Schnitt nach der Linie I-I in Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II in Fig. 1, die
  • Fig. 3 bis 6 schematische Darstellungen derselben Maschi­ne zur Erläuterung deren Wirkungsweise.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine according to the invention in section along the line II in Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1, the
  • 3 to 6 are schematic representations of the same machine to explain its operation.

Die Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine besteht aus dem Kur­belgehäuse 1 mit eingegossener Laufbüchse 2, der Kurbel­welle 3, dem Kolben 4 und der Pleuelstange 5. Die Kurbel­welle 3 ist im Kurbelgehäuse 1 mittels des Wälzlagers 6 gela­gert und weist eine abgestufte Kurbelwange 7 auf, welche mit ihrer Umfangsfläche bis knapp an das Kurbelgehäuse 1 bzw. die Laufbüchse 2 heranreicht und den Kurbelzapfen 8 trägt. Dieser Kurbelzapfen 8 wird vom großen Lagerauge 9 der Pleuelstange 5 umfaßt, wobei die Länge des Kurbelzapfens gleich der durchge­hend gleichen Abmessung der Pleuelstange 5 in Richtung der Kurbelwellenachse 3ʹ ist. Die Pleuelstange 5, die mit dem Kol­ben 4 über den Kolbenbolzen 10 antriebsverbunden ist, weist zwei parallele Stirnflächen 5ʹ und 5" auf, von welchen die Stirnfläche 5ʹ mit der Kurbelwange 7 und die Stirnfläche 5" mit dem Abschlußdeckel 11 des Kurbelgehäuses 1 dichtet.The two-stroke internal combustion engine consists of the crankcase 1 with a cast liner 2, the crankshaft 3, the piston 4 and the connecting rod 5. The crankshaft 3 is mounted in the crankcase 1 by means of the roller bearing 6 and has a stepped crank web 7, which with its peripheral surface until it just touches the crankcase 1 or the liner 2 and carries the crank pin 8. This crank pin 8 is encompassed by the large bearing eye 9 of the connecting rod 5, the length of the crank pin being equal to the continuously identical dimension of the connecting rod 5 in the direction of the crankshaft axis 3ʹ. The connecting rod 5, which is drive-connected to the piston 4 via the piston pin 10, has two parallel end faces 5ʹ and 5 ″, of which the end face 5ʹ seals with the crank web 7 and the end face 5 ″ with the end cover 11 of the crankcase 1.

Im unteren Teil des Kurbelgehäuses ist ein Ringschieber 12 mittels Nadeln 13 drehbar gelagert. Anstelle der Nadellagerung können auch in Richtung der Kurbelwellenachse verlaufende Nu­ten an einer der Gleitflächen vorgesehen sein. Es ist auch denkbar, den Ringschieber durch einen Plattenschieber zu er­setzen.In the lower part of the crankcase, a ring slide 12 is rotatably supported by means of needles 13. Instead of the needle bearing, grooves running in the direction of the crankshaft axis can also be provided on one of the sliding surfaces. It is also conceivable to replace the ring slide with a knife gate valve.

Die Pleuelstange 5 durchsetzt den Ringschieber 12, der an dem Absatz 7ʹ der Kurbelwange 7 mit Hilfe des Ansatzes 12ʹ zen­triert ist, in einem Schlitz 12", welcher durch die beiden ab­gerundeten Endkanten 14 und 15 des Ringschiebers 12 bestimmt ist, mit geringem Spiel. Damit dieses Spiel bei allen Stellun­gen der Pleuelstange gleich bleibt, ist die Kontur der Pleuel­stange 5 entsprechend angepaßt, wie die Fig. 3 bis 6 anschau­lich zeigen.The connecting rod 5 passes through the ring slide 12, which is centered on the shoulder 7ʹ of the crank arm 7 with the aid of the shoulder 12ʹ, in a slot 12 ″, which is determined by the two rounded end edges 14 and 15 of the ring slide 12, with little play this game remains the same in all positions of the connecting rod, the contour of the connecting rod 5 is adapted accordingly, as FIGS. 3 to 6 clearly show.

Die Pleuelstange 5 unterteilt den durch den Ringschieber 12 umschlossenen Raum in die Ansaugkammer A und die Druckkam­mer B, welche je über eine nierenförmige Ausnehmung 16 bzw. 17 im Abschlußdeckel 11 mit dem Einlaßkanal 18 bzw. dem Auslaßka­nal in Verbindung stehen. Der Einlaßkanal 18 wird durch die Membranen 20 gesteuert, welche ein Rückströmen verhindern. Entsprechende Membranen sind beim nicht näher dargestellten Auslaßkanal 19 vorgesehen.The connecting rod 5 divides the space enclosed by the ring slide 12 into the suction chamber A and the pressure chamber B, each of which has a kidney-shaped recess 16 and 17 stand in the end cover 11 with the inlet channel 18 or the outlet channel. The inlet channel 18 is controlled by the membranes 20, which prevent backflow. Corresponding membranes are provided in the outlet channel 19, not shown.

In den Fig. 3 bis 6 ist die Wirkungsweise der Pleuelpumpe ver­anschaulicht. Von der neutralen Stellung gemäß Fig. 3 ausge­hend, bei welcher die Pleuelstange 5 sich in der oberen Tot­punktlage befindet, wird nach Fig. 4 bereits das Fördermedium in die Ansaugkammer A eingesaugt und aus der Druckkammer B ausgeschoben. Fig. 5 zeigt die Stellung, bei welcher der Kol­ben bzw. die Pleuelstange 5 ihren unteren Totpunkt erreicht hat, wobei die Ansaugkammer A und die Druckkammer B gleich groß sind. In Fig. 6 ist das Ausschieben des Fördermediums na­hezu vollständig und die Ansaugkammer A hat fast ihren Größt­wert erreicht. Bei allen Stellungen der Pleuelstange 5 hat das Spiel zwischen Pleuelstange und den Endkanten 14 und 15 des Ringschiebers 12 zufolge der angepaßten Kontur der Pleuel­stange den gewünschten gleichen kleinen Wert.3 to 6, the operation of the connecting rod pump is illustrated. Starting from the neutral position shown in FIG. 3, in which the connecting rod 5 is in the top dead center position, the pumped medium is already sucked into the suction chamber A according to FIG. 4 and pushed out of the pressure chamber B. 5 shows the position in which the piston or the connecting rod 5 has reached its bottom dead center, the suction chamber A and the pressure chamber B being the same size. In Fig. 6 the pushing out of the medium is almost complete and the suction chamber A has almost reached its maximum value. In all positions of the connecting rod 5, the play between the connecting rod and the end edges 14 and 15 of the ring slide 12 has the desired same small value due to the adapted contour of the connecting rod.

Die Kolbenpumpe hat zufolge des Abschlusses ihres Ar­beitsraumes gegenüber dem Kurbelgehäuse durch den Ringschie­ber 12 einen nur sehr geringen Schadraum, wie aus Fig. 1 ohne weiteres ersichtlich ist. Diese Kolbenpumpe saugt über den An­saugkanal 21, welcher durch die Membrane 22 gesteuert wird, Luft an und fördert die verdichtete Luft durch den Auslaßka­nal 23, welcher durch Membranen 24 gesteuert wird. Die ver­dichtete Luft strömt über die Einlaßschlitze 25 in der Lauf­büchse 2 in den Zylinderraum 26 ein, wie durch die gestri­chelte Linie 27 angedeutet ist. Gleichzeitig strömen die ver­brannten Gase durch den Auslaßschlitz 28, wie durch die ge­strichelte Linie 29 angedeutet, aus. Die in die Pleuelpumpe einströmende Luft ist durch die gestrichelte Linie 30 und die ausströmende Luft durch die gestrichelte Linie 31 veranschau­licht. Für den Fall, daß es sich um eine Mehrzylindermaschine handelt, kann zweckmäßig ein Sammelrohr 32 vorgesehen sein, in welches sowohl die Pleuelpumpe als auch die Kolbenpumpe för­dert.As a result of the closure of its working space relative to the crankcase by the ring slide 12, the piston pump has only a very small clearance, as is readily apparent from FIG. 1. This piston pump sucks in air via the suction channel 21, which is controlled by the membrane 22, and conveys the compressed air through the outlet channel 23, which is controlled by membranes 24. The compressed air flows through the inlet slots 25 in the liner 2 into the cylinder space 26, as indicated by the dashed line 27. At the same time, the burned gases flow out through the outlet slot 28, as indicated by the broken line 29. The air flowing into the connecting rod pump is illustrated by the broken line 30 and the flowing air is shown by the broken line 31. In the event that it is a multi-cylinder machine, a manifold 32 can expediently be provided, into which both the connecting rod pump and the piston pump deliver.

Einsatzgebiete der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine sind sowohl Otto- als auch Dieselmotoren und Gasmotoren in Zwei-­und Viertaktbauweise, insbesondere Kleinmotoren zur Verwendung z.B. bei Kettensägen, tragbaren Stromaggregaten und Pumpen, Mopedmotoren und Motoren für Motorräder und Flugzeugantrieb z.B. Segelflugzeuge. Aber auch für größere und große Motoren sowohl im Einzylinder- als auch im Mehrzylinderbauart bei ent­sprechender konstruktiver Gestaltung des Kurbelkastenraumes, ist die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung anwendbar.Areas of application of the internal combustion engine according to the invention are both petrol and diesel engines and gas engines in two and four stroke construction, in particular small engines for use e.g. for chainsaws, portable generators and pumps, moped engines and motors for motorcycles and aircraft propulsion e.g. Gliders. However, the design according to the invention can also be used for larger and larger engines, both in the single-cylinder and in the multi-cylinder design, with a corresponding structural design of the crankcase space.

Claims (4)

1. A reciprocating-piston internal-combustion engine with a piston which, in travelling to its upper dead center sucks fresh gas via a controlled opening into the space beneath its base and, during the return stroke, sends the then compressed gas via a connecting passage and another controlled opening to the cylinder of said internal­combustion engine, and in the crankcase, the cross-section of the latter being of mainly circular form, with a connecting rod which has unchanging dimensions in the direction of the axis 3ʹ of the crankshaft 3, including the ones of the crank eye 9, and which along its parallel front and back surface 5ʹ, 5" fits closely the mating even faces in said crankcase and thereby forms two separate spaces there, which by means of control devices form a connecting-rod pump, characterized in that the crankcase 1 of said engine is equipped with a rotatable annular slide 12, which is carried on bearings and into which, with a small amount of play, the connecting rod extends, to the effect that the piston 4, the cylinder liner 2 and said annular slide 12 form the pump space of a piston pump K with one inlet pasage 21 and one outlet passage 23, both of them controlled by valves; and that said connecting rod 5 seals across gaps with the crank cheek 7, on the one side, and the cover 11 of said crankcase 1, on the other, to the effect that within said annular slide 12 one suction chamber A and one pressure chamber B of a separated connecting-rod pump are formed, each of which connects via respective recesses 16 and 17 each embedded in said cover 11 of the crankcase 1 and located at about mirror-symmetric distance to said connecting rod when in bottom dead center position with respective valve-controlled inlet 18, or outlet 19, passages.
2. A reciprocating-piston internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the width of the opening 12" through which the connecting rod 5 extends into the annular slide 12 remains constant and the breadths of said connecting rod, along its length, are such dimensioned that, given any angular position said connecting rod 5 arrives at, the distance between said connecting rod and the edges of said opening 12", i.e. the play, remains about constant.
3. A reciprocating-piston internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the connecting-rod pump P sucks in and compresses air and delivers the charge, together with the piston pump K into a manifold 32, located at the intake side of the cylinder of said engine.
4. A reciprocating-piston internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said connecting-rod pump P is used as a separated pump providing for the transport of extraneous gases whereas the piston pump K serves the charging of said engine.
EP88890183A 1987-08-05 1988-07-11 Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0302851B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1986/87 1987-08-05
AT0198687A AT399371B (en) 1987-08-05 1987-08-05 PISTON PISTON ENGINE

Publications (3)

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EP0302851A2 EP0302851A2 (en) 1989-02-08
EP0302851A3 EP0302851A3 (en) 1989-08-16
EP0302851B1 true EP0302851B1 (en) 1991-03-06

Family

ID=3525374

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EP88890183A Expired - Lifetime EP0302851B1 (en) 1987-08-05 1988-07-11 Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine

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US (1) US4813387A (en)
EP (1) EP0302851B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6463618A (en)
AT (1) AT399371B (en)
DE (1) DE3861935D1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69006341T2 (en) * 1989-12-29 1994-05-11 Inst Francais Du Petrole Two-stroke engine with controlled pneumatic injection.
US5771849A (en) * 1995-09-15 1998-06-30 Hamy; Norbert Internal combustion engine with crankcase pressure barrier
JPH09217628A (en) * 1996-02-13 1997-08-19 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Two cycle engine
DE19707772A1 (en) * 1997-02-26 1998-08-27 Norbert Dipl Ing Hecke Pinion (gear) for the mutual conversion of a linear movement into a rotary movement and its application mainly in reciprocating internal combustion engines or reciprocating engines (engines without crank drive) = rack-and-pinion piston engines (TSM)
FR2810077A1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2001-12-14 Michel Bretegnier Two stroke internal combustion engine includes gas transfer from beneath one cylinder to above second cylinder, recovering excess pressure
US20110146601A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Fisher Patrick T Self-Aspirated Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine
CN103953538A (en) * 2014-04-11 2014-07-30 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 Cross-shaped head mechanism structure of connecting rod of fracturing pump

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DE516725C (en) * 1928-09-05 1931-01-26 Franz Lohe Two-stroke internal combustion engine with a crankcase blower
US1795551A (en) * 1929-11-26 1931-03-10 Geisse John Harlin Internal-combustion engine
US1977657A (en) * 1931-01-14 1934-10-23 Frank E Liveranee Internal combustion engine
DE710288C (en) * 1938-06-28 1943-05-27 Hans Figge Two-stroke internal combustion engine with a crankcase pump
US2215793A (en) * 1938-11-29 1940-09-24 Mayes Graham Internal combustion engine
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US2564913A (en) * 1950-05-04 1951-08-21 Malcolm S Mead Internal-combustion motor
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AT198063B (en) * 1955-08-24 1958-06-10 Promotor Anstalt Fuer Motortec Two-stroke internal combustion engine with a crankcase pump
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GB1237211A (en) * 1967-05-12 1971-06-30 Richard Grant Parker Improvements in crankcase pumps in two-stroke engines
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GB2135385A (en) * 1983-02-11 1984-08-30 Anthony Willoughby Jackson Reciprocating piston crankcase compression machine
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT399371B (en) 1995-04-25
JPS6463618A (en) 1989-03-09
EP0302851A3 (en) 1989-08-16
EP0302851A2 (en) 1989-02-08
JPH0577847B2 (en) 1993-10-27
US4813387A (en) 1989-03-21
DE3861935D1 (en) 1991-04-11
ATA198687A (en) 1994-09-15

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