EP0296996A1 - Textile Struktur, insbesondere für Verbundwerkstoffe und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben - Google Patents

Textile Struktur, insbesondere für Verbundwerkstoffe und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296996A1
EP0296996A1 EP88420205A EP88420205A EP0296996A1 EP 0296996 A1 EP0296996 A1 EP 0296996A1 EP 88420205 A EP88420205 A EP 88420205A EP 88420205 A EP88420205 A EP 88420205A EP 0296996 A1 EP0296996 A1 EP 0296996A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
threads
plies
layers
son
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88420205A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Mathieu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crst A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Original Assignee
Crst A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Crst A Responsabilite Ltee Ste filed Critical Crst A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Publication of EP0296996A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296996A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D04H3/045—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles for net manufacturing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/004—Glass yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/05—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in another pattern, e.g. zig-zag, sinusoidal
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/115—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements

Definitions

  • the object of the invention relates to the technical sector of weaving methods.
  • the invention relates to a textile complex in layers, such as for example polyesters reinforced with a glass fabric.
  • Such materials are well known and in common use. In general, they are reinforced by a fabric in which the weft threads and the warp threads are regularly intertwined. Most often for mechanical reasons, the weft threads and the warp threads are orthogonal.
  • the wires Due to the interpenetration of the warp and weft plies, the wires are not straight, but have a certain undulation, so that they do not offer, in the direction of their length, their maximum mechanical characteristics.
  • the complex Due to the 90 ° positioning of the weft threads and warp threads, the complex only has resistances in two orthogonal directions, those of warp threads and weft threads, which offer 70 to 75% of the resistance nominal wire if they were straight. In a diagonal direction with respect to these two previous directions, the woven reinforcement offers only less than 25% of the resistance of the threads which compose it.
  • This type of structure makes it possible to deposit the plies of diagonal wefts only on one side of a fibrous support if necessary.
  • the diagonal weft is, in one direction, divided into several portions of threads of poorer quality than a single piece thread crossing the entire width of the fibrous support.
  • the threads or fibers do not slip relative to one another, despite certain suitable armor.
  • the possibility of significant deformation is therefore reduced with the risk of breaking the stressed wires or of folds forming during shaping.
  • the current or envisaged applications for fiber-reinforced composite materials increasingly require and require: - good deformability, in order to be possibly stamped into complex and deep shapes; - resistances in several directions predetermined by the use and no longer by the only directions of the warp and weft threads; - in certain cases, a fineness of the reinforcement, in the direction of its thickness, which the known supports do not allow according to which fabrics must be stacked according to the different directions of maximum resistance required.
  • the invention set itself the aim of remedying the drawbacks cited by providing a solution in the form of a unitary textile complex having resistances in as many directions as there are layers and more generally according to at least two non-orthogonal directions.
  • This textile complex is constituted by a plurality of flat unidirectional sheets, deposited one on the other without interpenetration, said sheets being held together by a binding wire oriented so that it cuts the directions of the son or fibers of the sheets.
  • the threads or fibers are laid flat in a rectilinear manner, to offer, in the direction in which they are laid, the optimum resistance properties.
  • the son or fibers of the sheets can easily move relative to each other, which allows the possible drawing of the complex thus obtained.
  • the multidirectional textile complex according to the invention comprises plies of threads or fibers oriented and linked to a unique and independent weaving process for each ply.
  • a directional sheet, in a given orientation, is no longer formed by a shuttle, but is executed by alternately depositing one or more threads or fibers between the claws of two endless chains arranged laterally, in a manner parallel to the axis Manufacturing.
  • the son or fibers are deposited at the desired angle, the speed of advance of the claw chains being equal to that of manufacturing the textile complex.
  • the spacing of the claws of the chains allows a juxtaposed deposit of the wires or fibers in the complex.
  • the textile complex is produced from several independent layers (N1, N2, N3, N4, ...), each composed of a plurality of unidirectional threads or fibers.
  • the son or fibers of each ply are oriented in a determined angular direction and different for each of said plies and have no interference or penetration with the plies which are contiguous to it.
  • the threads or fibers are arranged flat, in a rectilinear manner and offer, in the direction in which they are arranged, their optimum properties.
  • the set of plies (N1, N2, N3, N4, ...) is held by one or more binding threads (1) oriented so that it cuts the directions of the threads or fibers of the plies.
  • the different unidirectional layers are each executed in a first area (Z1) of the manufacturing process, before being superimposed (Area Z2), then held together (Area Z3) by the binding wire (s).
  • the complex is executed from four distinct layers, namely, in order of superposition: - a sheet (N1) composed of threads or fibers (2) arranged angularly with respect to the selvedges so as to constitute a weft called "diagonal"; - a sheet (N2) composed of threads or fibers (3) arranged perpendicular to the selvedges to form a "normal”weft; - a sheet (N3) composed of threads or fibers (4) arranged in a chain; - a sheet (N4) composed of son or fibers (5) arranged angularly with respect to the selvedges so as to constitute a so-called “diagonal” frame oriented in a reverse manner to that of the sheet (N1).
  • the layers (N1), (N2) and (N4) are each obtained by screening of a single thread or fiber according to a process which will be described later and capable of giving the desired angular orientation of the threads.
  • the ply (4) is obtained in a conventional manner.
  • zone (Z2) the various layers are brought together in superposition and maintained in slight back pressure by any known and appropriate means.
  • the textile complex is not yet operational, since the sheets are not linked.
  • the binding threads (1) are arranged, for example by means of a set of needles (6).
  • the textile complex thus produced is then wound on a cylinder (7) for example.
  • the latter can be arranged in different ways, whatever the structure of the complex, on the sole condition that said threads intersect the threads or fibers of the unidirectional sheets constituting the outer top faces and from below said complex.
  • these are the layers (N1) and (N4).
  • the binding threads (1) are parallel to the warp threads of one or more plies, that the threads or fibers of the outer plies are arranged in a weft, with any angular orientation.
  • the complex it is necessary for the complex to be of reduced thickness and / or require only two isotropic directions according to the orientations of the determined wires or fibers.
  • FIG. 4 shows a particular example of the textile complex composed only of two unidirectional plies, namely a ply with warp threads (4) and a ply with threads (5) arranged in a so-called “diagonal" weft.
  • the wires (4) and (5) of each of the layers, are therefore angularly oriented between them, at an angle different from 90%.
  • the binding threads (1) cannot be arranged parallel to the warp threads (4), but transversely to the latter while crossing the diagonal weft threads ( 5).
  • This type of binding in the form of slots, can be obtained by any known and appropriate means.
  • means of implementation are shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4.
  • a means (8), of the sewing machine type is mounted on a support frame (9), movable in translation, and which spans the entire width of the complex.
  • the machine sewing is itself mounted with transverse displacement capacity (10), along the support frame (1) so as to make the straight sections (1a) of the binding thread.
  • the mobile support (9) moves axially along the textile complex in the direction of the winding cylinder (7) and at the same speed as said complex .
  • This movement of movement of the support (9) which accompanies the complex makes it possible to orient the cross sections (1a) of the binding wire in a chosen direction which can be square (case of FIG. 4) or diagonally, at the only condition to cut the two directions of the threads of each of the layers.
  • the support (9) is moved axially, in the opposite direction to that of the complex, that is to say away from the winding cylinder (7), to form the section ( 1b) which extends parallel to the ply of warp threads (4).
  • the sewing machine then forms a new cross section (1a) and so on.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment.
  • the sheet or plies composed of warp threads (4) are produced in a conventional manner, by any known method.
  • each of said sheets cooperates with a compound device essentially two parallel endless chains or belts (11) and (12), and arranged along the manufacturing axis of the complex, parallel to the warp threads.
  • Each endless chain system (11 - 12) is arranged laterally along the edges of the corresponding plies.
  • Hooks or claws (13) are mounted projecting from the chains (11) and (12) which are also subject to motorized pulleys or pinions to be driven linearly in the same direction as that of movement of the complex.
  • the arrangement and the number of claws (13) are determined according to the angular orientation desired by the diagonal frame.
  • This donor (14) is shaped to hook the weft thread (5) alternately and successively on a claw of the endless chain (11) then on a claw of the endless chain (12).
  • the donor (14) is also oriented angularly as a function of the degree of inclination desired for the frame.
  • the endless chains or belts (11) and (12) of each system are offset in the longitudinal direction of the complex.
  • the different weft plies are therefore produced independently of the other plies.
  • the endless chain or belt systems (11 - 12) can have an olbic work plane with respect to the horizontal work plane of the chain ply, or a parallel work plane.
  • the endless chain devices (11 - 12) with donor (14), the number of which corresponds to the number of weft plies desired, can therefore be arranged either in series along the warp ply, or in superposition.
  • the unidirectional yarns or fibers of a sheet have no penetration or interference with the sheets which are contiguous to it and are laid flat in a rectilinear manner and therefore offer, in the direction in which they are laid out, the optimal properties .
  • the complex does not include "hollow" spaces in which elements of the matrix could be stored and would contribute to bringing down the characteristics of the material by a poor proportion of fibers / matrices.
  • This arrangement also promotes good wettability of the fibers, the matrix propagating well by capillarity.
  • the complex obtained Since the plies are maintained by an unbridled binding wire, the complex obtained has characteristics of deformability such that it becomes capable of drawing without breaking fibers. These tend to improve the mechanical characteristics of the material. The different angles of the plies are maintained during the deformation.
  • the binding wire maintains the plies of the reinforcement thus allowing the dry reinforcement to be cut according to a "pattern" necessary for the production of a part without disordering the orientation of the plies.
  • the number of layers is limited only by the thickness wettable by the matrix.
  • the tablecloths each having their own installation system, they can be of a different nature (fiber) and at their own angle.
  • the stacking order of the layers is not fixed and is arranged according to the intended applications. Only the tablecloth composed of warp threads, in the case of a complex with at least three layers, must be sandwiched between the two other tablecloths.
  • the textile complex according to the invention can consist of a variety of long fibers, threads or wicks, which can be used alone or in combination, such as for example a carbon fiber sheet, a wire sheet of steel, a sheet of fiberglass and a mast of short fibers in the same reinforcement, linked by a polyamide monofilament.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to use boron and silicon carbide fibers, the characteristics of which are advantageous, but which until now have not been usable in known fibrous reinforcements, given their brittleness at friction , making them unusable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
EP88420205A 1987-06-22 1988-06-17 Textile Struktur, insbesondere für Verbundwerkstoffe und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben Withdrawn EP0296996A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8709102 1987-06-22
FR8709102A FR2616813B1 (fr) 1987-06-22 1987-06-22 Complexe textile pour materiaux composites et son procede de fabrication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296996A1 true EP0296996A1 (de) 1988-12-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88420205A Withdrawn EP0296996A1 (de) 1987-06-22 1988-06-17 Textile Struktur, insbesondere für Verbundwerkstoffe und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben

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EP (1) EP0296996A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2616813B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2678547A1 (fr) * 1991-07-03 1993-01-08 Leroy Guy Procede et dispositif pour la realisation de nappes composites et composites obtenus.
WO2022229399A1 (fr) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Porcher Industries Grille textile recyclable et composite papetier l'incorporant

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486956A (en) * 1966-04-29 1969-12-30 Appleton Wire Works Corp Method and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of sewn mesh fabric
US4325999A (en) * 1979-11-23 1982-04-20 Hitco Bias fabric
FR2535352A1 (fr) * 1982-10-29 1984-05-04 Polylok Corp Etoffe a trame diagonale et procede et appareil pour sa fabrication

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486956A (en) * 1966-04-29 1969-12-30 Appleton Wire Works Corp Method and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of sewn mesh fabric
US4325999A (en) * 1979-11-23 1982-04-20 Hitco Bias fabric
FR2535352A1 (fr) * 1982-10-29 1984-05-04 Polylok Corp Etoffe a trame diagonale et procede et appareil pour sa fabrication

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2678547A1 (fr) * 1991-07-03 1993-01-08 Leroy Guy Procede et dispositif pour la realisation de nappes composites et composites obtenus.
WO1993001342A1 (fr) * 1991-07-03 1993-01-21 Guy Le Roy Procede et dispositif pour la realisation de nappes composites et composites obtenus
WO2022229399A1 (fr) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Porcher Industries Grille textile recyclable et composite papetier l'incorporant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2616813A1 (fr) 1988-12-23
FR2616813B1 (fr) 1991-12-27

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