EP0296912B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Entladungsvorgangs eines elektrischen Bogens zwischen zwei Elektroden durch Dazwischenstellen eines isolierenden Elementes mit grossem Widerstand und Stossgenerator, welcher solch ein Verfahren und solch eine Vorrichtung anwendet, insbesondere für hydraulische Lithotrypsie - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Entladungsvorgangs eines elektrischen Bogens zwischen zwei Elektroden durch Dazwischenstellen eines isolierenden Elementes mit grossem Widerstand und Stossgenerator, welcher solch ein Verfahren und solch eine Vorrichtung anwendet, insbesondere für hydraulische Lithotrypsie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296912B1
EP0296912B1 EP88401364A EP88401364A EP0296912B1 EP 0296912 B1 EP0296912 B1 EP 0296912B1 EP 88401364 A EP88401364 A EP 88401364A EP 88401364 A EP88401364 A EP 88401364A EP 0296912 B1 EP0296912 B1 EP 0296912B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
insulating element
arc
resistance
electric arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401364A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0296912A1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Cathignol
Bernard Lacruche
Jean-Louis Mestas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
Technomed International SA
Original Assignee
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
Technomed International SA
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Priority to AT88401364T priority Critical patent/ATE68636T1/de
Publication of EP0296912A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296912A1/de
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Publication of EP0296912B1 publication Critical patent/EP0296912B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
    • G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T14/00—Spark gaps not provided for in groups H01T2/00 - H01T13/00

Definitions

  • the invention essentially relates to a method and a device for improving the discharge regime of an electric arc produced between two electrodes, by interposing an insulating element with high resistance at least between the electrodes, and an apparatus for generating waves. shock using such a method or device, especially for hydraulic lithotrypsia.
  • the invention further relates to the use of an apparatus for generating shock waves by generating an electric arc between two electrodes.
  • Electrodes 12 and 13 are made of highly conductive material such as copper or brass and are mounted on an insulator 26 which is pivotally supported by means of a device 11a, 11b, so as to adjust the spacing between them (see column 4, lines 42 to 53 and column 8, lines 40 to 47).
  • the discharge or electric arc is produced between the electrodes by the sudden discharge of a capacitor 11, by the closing of a high voltage switch (see Figure 2b).
  • the circuit between the electrodes comprises a capacitor, as well as an associated self-inductance. It has been observed that the discharge of the capacitor is of the damped oscillatory type. In other words, the capacitor will discharge and then recharge in the opposite direction at a lower voltage than the initial voltage, which is very high and of the order of 15,000 to 20,000 V, then again recharge in the direct direction until exhaustion of the charges contained in the capacitor.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore to solve the new technical problem consisting in providing a solution making it possible to deliver suddenly or in a relatively short time most of the energy stored by the charge of the capacitor of the discharge circuit. between two electrodes.
  • the present invention also aims to solve the new technical problem consisting in providing a solution allowing the production of a substantially spherical initial pressure wave.
  • the present invention also aims to solve the new technical problem of providing a solution to reduce the wear of the electrodes.
  • a method for improving the discharge regime of an electric arc produced in a fluid medium, in particular of low resistance, such as water, between at least two electrodes generating such an arc characterized in that the resistance to the passage of the electric arc is increased at least between the electrodes.
  • an insulating element with high resistance is interposed between the electrodes generating the arc.
  • This insulating element thus advantageously constitutes an obstacle to the direct passage of the arc between the electrodes.
  • the resistance of the insulating element is chosen so that this resistance induces a discharge of the arc of the critical damped type.
  • a shape of the insulating element such that the initial shock or pressure wave created by the generation of the arc is substantially spherical.
  • the shape of the insulating element is essentially spherical.
  • the present invention also provides a device for improving the discharge regime of an electric arc produced in a fluid medium, in particular of low resistance, such as water, between at least two electrodes generating such a arc, characterized in that it comprises means to increase the resistance to the passage of the electric arc at least between the electrodes.
  • these means for increasing the resistance to the passage of the electric arc comprise an insulating element with high resistance interposed between the electrodes generating the arc.
  • the resistance and the shape of the insulating element can be defined as previously mentioned in relation to the process.
  • the insulating element comprises two grooves or cavities for positioning the two electrodes, so as to result in easy positioning of the electrodes generating the arc at a predetermined distance known in advance.
  • a currently preferred use of the method and of the device according to the invention relates to devices for generating shock waves, and in particular those which comprise a truncated ellipsoidal reflector of the Rieber type from US-A-2559227.
  • the insulating element is integral with a support rod mounted inside the ellipsoid.
  • This support rod can be fixedly attached to the wall of the ellipsoid or be retractably mounted, while the insulating element is advantageously provided to be removable relative to the support rod.
  • a truncated ellipsoidal reflector of the type described in US-A-2559227 which is provided with at least two electrodes 12 , 14, here diametrically opposite, contributing to the focal point symbolized by the reference F of the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10.
  • the second focal point of the ellipsoid is arranged outside the truncated ellipsoidal reflector and it is to this second focal point that will coincide a target which is to be destroyed, as described at length in the US Rieber patent, or in document FR-A-2247195.
  • the electrodes 12, 14 are mounted on electrode-carrying elements 16, 18, also electrically conductive.
  • One of the electrodes, for example the electrode 12, is connected to ground or rather to the earth symbolized by the reference T.
  • the other electrode for example the electrode 14, is part of an electric circuit symbolized by the general reference CE which is used to generate a very high voltage between the electrodes 10 and 12 when this is desired to create a discharge or electric arc between the electrodes 10 and 12.
  • the cavity defined inside the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10 is filled with a fluid, preferably a liquid, more preferably water. The generation of this electric arc will therefore create pressure or shock waves at the internal focal point F of the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10 which will be focused on the second focal point where the target to be destroyed is arranged, as is known per se.
  • This electrical circuit CE can for example comprise, from the electrode 14, a conventional resistance R followed by a choke S then by a switch I. Then, the conductor CO is subdivided into conductor CO1 and CO2. The conductor CO2 then further leads to a choke S ′ and then to the capacitor C which is designed to be able to withstand very high voltage loads up to 15,000 to 20,000 V for example, this capacitor C then being connected to earth T.
  • the conductor CO1 results in turn at another switch I ′ which is then connected to a power generation source P, such as a battery, possibly with interposition between the switch I ′ and the power generator P of a transformer capable to transform the low voltage of the power generator P into a very high voltage, for example of the order of 15,000 to 20,000 V. Then, the power generator P also leads to earth T.
  • a power generation source P such as a battery
  • the energy dissipation curve P obtained by such a conventional discharge from the capacitor C is shown in FIG. 2b and it can be seen that the energy stored in the capacitor is gradually dissipated over time.
  • the pressure or shock waves are generated by the sudden passage of the current or the arc between the electrodes and will be progressively weaker or of lower energy (P) and there will therefore be a succession of waves thus generated increasingly low energy.
  • the present invention aims to solve this new technical problem posed by the inventors.
  • means are provided identified by the general reference number 30 to increase the resistance to the passage of the electric arc at least between the electrodes 12, 14.
  • these means 30 increasing the resistance to the passage of the electric arc comprise an insulating element 32 with high resistance interposed between the electrodes 12, 14 generating the arc.
  • high resistance is meant that this resistance of the insulating element is much greater than the resistance of the fluid medium filling the cavity 20 of the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10. This resistance ratio between that of the insulating element and that of the fluid medium filling the ellipsoidal reflector 10 is at least equal to 100, more preferably equal to 1000 or several times 1000.
  • the resistance of the insulating element is equal to at least several times 1000 the critical resistance of the discharge circuit (usually a few Ohms).
  • the insulating element has a resistance such that this resistance value induces a discharge from the critical damped arc, and therefore also from the capacitor C, this discharge curve being shown at Figure 3a.
  • the insulating element has a generally substantially spherical shape, which makes it possible to generate a substantially spherical initial pressure shock wave.
  • the center of the sphere constituting the insulating element 32 it can be seen that it is advantageous for the center of the sphere constituting the insulating element 32 to coincide substantially or exactly with the internal focal point F of the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10.
  • the element insulator 32 preferably of substantially spherical shape, has two grooves 34, 36 or cavities for the positioning of the electrodes 12, 14, as shown in FIG. 1 so that, in front of the electrodes, against the bottom of the cavities 34 , 36, of the insulating element 32, the electrodes are located concurrently and above all symmetrically with respect to the focal point F of the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10.
  • the electrodes 12, 14 when the electrodes 12, 14 are in abutment against the bottom of the cavities 34, 36, these electrodes 12, 14 are permanently arranged exactly symmetrically with respect to the focal point F of the ellipsoid defined by the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10.
  • the shock waves have a wavefront which is focused exactly at the focus F.
  • the insulating element 32 By the essentially spherical shape of the insulating element 32, and by its insulating nature, it is understood that the insulating element 32 will constitute an obstacle to the passage of the current lines which will be forced to bypass this obstacle.
  • the dimension of the element 32 is chosen so as to obtain the critical discharge experimentally (see FIG. 3a).
  • the current lines generated between the electrodes 12, 14 symbolized in dotted lines by the reference number A will also be essentially of spherical shape and therefore will generate waves. exactly centered on focal point F.
  • the discharge regime of the capacitor C which is thus obtained according to the invention of the critical damped type, the dissipation of the energy will be in accordance with the curve of FIG. 3b and one will therefore obtain a very high pressure wave, essentially unique, which will result in a better efficiency of destruction of the targets.
  • devices for advancing the electrodes are provided. Such devices are described for example in EP-A-124686 but it is preferred to use advancement devices described in the previous applications of the applicants not yet published, FR-A-2593382 or FR-A-2598074. More preferably, use will be made of advancement devices of the type described in previous applications, in particular application FR-A-2598074, modified so that the drive is carried out by means of a pneumatic means with friction system. so as to permanently maintain the front end of the electrodes 12, 14 in contact against the insulating element 32 at the bottom of the cavities 34, 36. This makes it possible to permanently maintain the front end of the electrodes 12, 14 exactly symmetrically with respect to at focus F, therefore at exactly equal distance from focus F.
  • the insulating element 32 is in practice supported by a support means in the form of a rod 40 which can be mounted inside on the wall 11 of the truncated ellipsoidal reflector 10.
  • This support means 40 can be fixed in a non-removable manner or be mounted dismountable and possibly be provided retractable or telescopic.
  • the material constituting this rod 40 is advantageously an insulating material and its diameter is as small as possible so as not to substantially disturb the shock waves generated on its side.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum Verbessern des Entladungsvorgangs eines elektrischen Bogens, der in einem flüssigen Milieu, insbesondere von geringem Widerstand, wie beispielsweise Wasser, erzeugt wird, zwischen wenigstens zwei Elektroden (12, 14) die einen solchen Bogen erzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstand beim Hindurchtreten des elektrischen Bogens wenigstens zwischen den Elektroden (12, 14) erhöht wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein isolierendes Element (32) von erhöhtem Widerstand zwischen dem den Bogen erzeugenden Elektroden (12, 14) gesetzt wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstand des isolierenden Elements (32) derart gewählt wird, daß dieser Widerstand eine Entladung des Bogens vom Typ der kritischen Dämpfung induziert.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Form des isolierenden Elements derart vorgesehen wird, daß die Form des Bogens im wesentlichen sphärisch ist, wobei vorzugsweise die Form des isolierenden Elements (32) im wesentlichen sphärisch ist.
5. Vorrichtung zum Verbessern des Entladungsvorganges eines elektrischen Bogens, der in einem flüssigen Milieu, insbesondere von geringem Widerstand, wie beispielsweise Wasser, zwischen wenigstens zwei Elektroden (12, 14) erzeugt wird, die einen solchen Bogen erzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Einrichtungen (30) zur Erhöhung des Widerstands des Durchtrittsweges des elektrischen Bogens (A) wenigstens zwischen den Elektroden (12, 14) aufweist.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorbezeichneten Einrichtungen (30) zum Erhöhen des Widerstands in dem Durchtrittsweg des elektrischen Bogens (A) ein isolierendes Element (32) von erhöhtem Widerstand aufweisen, daß zwischen den Elektroden (12, 14) angeordnet ist, die den Bogen erzeugen.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstand des isolierenden Elements (32) so gewählt ist, daß er eine Entladung des Bogens vom Typ der kritischen Dämpfung induziert.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das isolierende Element (32) im wesentlichen sphärische Form aufweist.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das isolierende Element (32) zwei Einschnitte (34, 36) oder Vertiefungen der Positionierung der Elektroden (12, 14) derart aufweist, daß wenn der Frontbereich der Elektroden (12, 14) in Anschlag gegen den Boden der Einschnitte (34, 36) ist, die Elektroden (12, 14) bezüglich eines Mittel- oder Fokuspunktes F, wo das Zentrum des Bogens (A) sein soll, durch denselben Punkt gehend und symmetrisch zu diesem angeordnet sind.
10. Gerät zur Erzeugung von Schockwellen durch Erzeugung eines elektrischen Bogens zwischen zwei Elektroden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Vorrichtung wie in einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9 beschrieben aufweist.
11. Gerät zur Erzeugung von Schockwellen nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen ellipsoidisch abgeschnittenen oder abgestumpften Reflektor (10) aufweist, wobei das vorgenannte isolierende Element (32) vorzugsweise mit einer einen Stift bildenden Lagereinrichtung (40) verbunden ist, die im Inneren des ellipsoidisch abgestumpften Reflektors (10) angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise so, daß das Zentrum des isolierenden Elements (32) mit dem inneren Fokuspunkt (F) des ellipsoidischen Reflektors übereinstimmt.
12. Verwendung eines Gerätes zur Erzeugung von Schockwellen durch Erzeugung eines elektrischen Bogens zwischen zwei Elektroden gemass dem Anspruch 10 oder 11, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens wie nach irgendwelchem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4.
EP88401364A 1987-06-16 1988-06-06 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Entladungsvorgangs eines elektrischen Bogens zwischen zwei Elektroden durch Dazwischenstellen eines isolierenden Elementes mit grossem Widerstand und Stossgenerator, welcher solch ein Verfahren und solch eine Vorrichtung anwendet, insbesondere für hydraulische Lithotrypsie Expired - Lifetime EP0296912B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88401364T ATE68636T1 (de) 1987-06-16 1988-06-06 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbesserung des entladungsvorgangs eines elektrischen bogens zwischen zwei elektroden durch dazwischenstellen eines isolierenden elementes mit grossem widerstand und stossgenerator, welcher solch ein verfahren und solch eine vorrichtung anwendet, insbesondere fuer hydraulische lithotrypsie.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8708400A FR2616977B1 (fr) 1987-06-16 1987-06-16 Procede et dispositif pour ameliorer le regime de decharge d'un arc electrique produit entre deux electrodes, par interposition d'un element isolant a resistance elevee au moins entre les electrodes, et appareil de generation d'ondes de choc utilisant un tel procede ou dispositif, notamment pour la lithotrypsie hydraulique
FR8708400 1987-06-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296912A1 EP0296912A1 (de) 1988-12-28
EP0296912B1 true EP0296912B1 (de) 1991-10-16

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EP88401364A Expired - Lifetime EP0296912B1 (de) 1987-06-16 1988-06-06 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Entladungsvorgangs eines elektrischen Bogens zwischen zwei Elektroden durch Dazwischenstellen eines isolierenden Elementes mit grossem Widerstand und Stossgenerator, welcher solch ein Verfahren und solch eine Vorrichtung anwendet, insbesondere für hydraulische Lithotrypsie

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US (1) US4962753A (de)
EP (1) EP0296912B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6420838A (de)
AT (1) ATE68636T1 (de)
DE (2) DE296912T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2616977B1 (de)
IL (1) IL86734A0 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2649252B1 (fr) * 1989-06-30 1993-01-15 Technomed Int Sa Procede et dispositif de decharge d'un arc electrique dans un liquide electriquement conducteur et application au lithotrypteur
US5251614A (en) * 1989-06-30 1993-10-12 Technomed International Method and device interposing an electrically conductive liquid between electrodes and shockwave apparatus for method and device
DE3937904C2 (de) * 1989-11-15 1994-05-11 Dornier Medizintechnik Verbesserung des Zündverhaltens an einer Unterwasser-Funkenstrecke
CN106130532B (zh) * 2016-06-24 2019-01-29 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 高压放电激光触发开关

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733369A (en) * 1956-01-31 Low tension ignition system
US143085A (en) * 1873-09-23 Improvement in springs for vehicles
US1960142A (en) * 1932-08-03 1934-05-22 Paniagua Marie-Louise Ysabe De Spark gap for electric oscillations generators
US2559227A (en) * 1947-05-24 1951-07-03 Interval Instr Inc Shock wave generator
US3222567A (en) * 1962-03-09 1965-12-07 Sylvania Electric Prod Projection lamp
US3283294A (en) * 1965-03-31 1966-11-01 Gen Electric Apparatus for an electrohydraulic system
FR1489080A (fr) * 1966-04-29 1967-07-21 Comp Generale Electricite Bouteille magnétique à haut rendement
US3354344A (en) * 1967-03-08 1967-11-21 Gen Electric Fluid-working spark discharge electrode assembly
DE3146626C2 (de) * 1981-11-25 1985-10-10 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Vorrichtung zum Zerstören von im Körper eines Lebewesens befindlichen Konkrementen
FR2612345A1 (fr) * 1987-03-09 1988-09-16 Technomed Int Sa Procede et dispositif de detection et de correction de la position d'electrodes notamment utilisees dans des appareils de generation d'ondes de choc utilisant un doigt palpeur amene au point focal en particulier constitue par la tige d'un verin

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Publication number Publication date
DE296912T1 (de) 1989-04-20
JPS6420838A (en) 1989-01-24
US4962753A (en) 1990-10-16
FR2616977A1 (fr) 1988-12-23
ATE68636T1 (de) 1991-11-15
DE3865545D1 (de) 1991-11-21
IL86734A0 (en) 1988-11-30
EP0296912A1 (de) 1988-12-28
FR2616977B1 (fr) 1992-04-03

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