EP0294281A1 - System for holding multiple charges in a projectile rotating about its longitudinal axis - Google Patents

System for holding multiple charges in a projectile rotating about its longitudinal axis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0294281A1
EP0294281A1 EP88401314A EP88401314A EP0294281A1 EP 0294281 A1 EP0294281 A1 EP 0294281A1 EP 88401314 A EP88401314 A EP 88401314A EP 88401314 A EP88401314 A EP 88401314A EP 0294281 A1 EP0294281 A1 EP 0294281A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
stage
jumpers
projectile
release
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP88401314A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0294281B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Frehaut
Eric Magnaudet
Jean-Pierre Pineau
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Thomson Brandt Armements SA
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Thomson Brandt Armements SA
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Publication of EP0294281A1 publication Critical patent/EP0294281A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/065—Sabots carrying several projectiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to loads composed of multiple and / or heterogeneous charges such as submunitions, loaded on a projectile rotating around its longitudinal axis. These loads having to be dropped during the trajectory, their arrangement inside the projectile is provided to separate the components at the time of their release.
  • the invention is more particularly adapted to solve problems concerning the projectiles constituted by mortar shells, the rotational speed of which is very high (more than 10,000 revolutions per minute).
  • each submunition has, as shown in FIG. 1, a support element, consisting of two spacers 2A and 2B, separable at the time of release for release the submunition.
  • These two spacers have at their rear a reinforcement 3A and 3B to support the submunition upon departure.
  • the inertia forces at the start of the shot, due to each submunition are only supported by their two respective spacers.
  • Each spacer is in contact with the next. The forces thus accumulated are transmitted to the bottom 4 of the projectile.
  • FIG. 2 One of the drawbacks of this type of assembly is illustrated in FIG. 2. The same elements have been shown there as those shown in FIG. 1, but during the release. The ejection is done by the rear of the casing 5 of the projectile, along the longitudinal axis X X ′, the bottom 4 coming off first. Next follow, the last two spacers 2A and 2B supporting the ammunition 6. It can be seen that the rear parts 3A and 3B of the last two spacers undergo the centrifugal force due to the high speed of rotation of the entire projectile, of the submunitions and their spacers.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by creating a new system for maintaining the load inside the projectile while allowing it to be released easily.
  • the invention is a load holding system composed of multiple and / or heterogeneous charges loaded on a projectile rotating around its longitudinal axis and released during the trajectory by one end thereof, said load comprising comprising at least one stage comprising at least two distinct parts to be separated at the time of the release, the projectile comprising an envelope inside which said loading is placed, the system being characterized in that it comprises for each stage means of fixing of the parts of said stage, so that each stage forms a compact assembly so as not to cause significant radial stresses against the envelope, due to the centrifugal force created by the rotating projectile, said fixing means being retractable at the time of dropping of the parts;
  • the principle of the system according to the invention is based on the fact that the different parts of a stage of a stack, in this case the spacers 6 and their submunitions 7, must constitute a compact stage before dropping so as not to cause significant radial stresses against the envelope 5 due to the centrifugal force created by the projectile rotating around its longitudinal axis.
  • Fastening means 8 must be provided, and also be retractable at the time of the release so that these different parts can move laterally and freely, due to the centrifugal force.
  • these fixing means consists in using U-shaped profiles called, in the following description, "jumpers". These parts are rigid enough to hold the different parts of the same floor, and are placed on the periphery of the assembly. Referring to Figure 4, these jumpers have in their cross section, two legs 9, each sinking into a corresponding notch of one of the parts 6 to be maintained assemblies. These legs are connected by a central part 10 of smaller thickness.
  • the shape of the rider's legs is such that, under the influence of the centrifugal force, its components and the friction forces thus generated, all the riders and the parts linked by these riders remain naturally united. This can be achieved for example by forming a slight dovetail.
  • the jumpers are each associated with ejection means.
  • the latter are constituted, to operate under the effect of simple centrifugal force, counterweight 12, whose mass subjected to centrifugal force, allows the uprooting of a jumper. Furthermore, this mass should not be too large so that the centrifugal force, which is applied to it, does not cause the annoying friction against the casing 5, mentioned in connection with the devices according to known techniques.
  • Each flyweight is associated with a rider. In FIG. 4, no fixing means between the rider and the counterweight has been drawn, the counterweight 12 being able to form an integral part of the rider 10. Fixing means can however be envisaged between these two parts, for example means fixing by pins or screws placed parallel to the axis of the enclosure 5.
  • this counterweight 12 is the last part of the jumper to come out of the envelope 5 (see FIG. 5).
  • the flyweight drives the rider after an inward race.
  • the counterweight 30 has an annular groove 31, deep enough to allow a re-entrant annular part 32 of the jumper 33 to penetrate therein over several millimeters while not filling a radial space E.
  • the side 34 of the groove 31 placed between it and the rider has a reduced diameter to allow a translational movement of the counterweight 30 towards the outside, authorized by the presence of the space E.
  • the counterweight is released from the envelope, it deviates towards the outside as previously.
  • the jumper must be completely removed so that it can be ejected from the parts 6 to be separated. This therefore prevents the bracing of any part during its exit from the envelope.
  • the separation of the parts, after the uprooting of all the jumpers, is carried out thanks to the centrifugal force which applies to each of the parts 6.
  • the application of the system according to the invention to a projectile containing the submunitions is as follows.
  • the counterweights are of a thickness greater than that of the corresponding jumper 20, but also that these weights extend over a maximum peripheral sector, forming a continuous circular ring, so as to touch each other. This has the effect of considerably increasing the mass of these weights. By this fact, they can also provide support for the corresponding munition 6.
  • the spacers 18 only position the submunitions coaxially. As shown in FIG.
  • the counterweight 21 no longer fulfills the function of hooking the spacers 18, and is therefore subjected to centrifugal force without being maintained by the ammunition 6, this so as to entail, during the release, the rest of the rider 20.
  • the ammunition in this example was drawn in two parts of different diameter, and resting on the weights, approximately in the middle of the length of each ammunition. This is a exemplary embodiment, each munition being able to be supported either by the counterweight, or by the spacer, at one end of this ammunition as well as in its center.
  • the spacers do not separate until after their complete extraction, and avoid jamming stresses by progressive angular separation during extraction, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 can allow asymmetrical locking and release, so as to make variable lateral ejections of the different parts.
  • the system easily allows the entire load placed inside the envelope to be rotated, by providing interconnection between each spacer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

The system makes it possible to maintain multiple charges which are loaded in a projectile rotating about its longitudinal axis (X X') and which are jettisoned on the trajectory at one end of the latter. Each stage of the charge comprises at least two separate parts (6, 7) to be separated laterally at the moment of jettisoning, the projectile having a casing (5) inside which said charge is placed. For each stage, means (8, 28) for fastening the parts of said stage arranged in such a way that each stage forms a compact assembly so as not to give rise against the casing (5) to high radial stresses attributable to the centrifugal force generated by the rotating projectile. The fastening means are retractable at the moment of the jettisoning of the parts, by means of weights which undergo the centrifugal force. <IMAGE>

Description

Domaine de l'invention:Field of the invention:

L'invention concerne les chargements composés de charges multiples et/ou hétérogène telles que des sous-munitions, embarquées dans un projectile tournant autour de son axe longitudinal. Ces chargements devant être larguées en cours de trajectoire, leur agencement à l'intérieur du projectile est prévu pour séparer les composants au moment de leur largage. L'invention est plus particulièrement adaptée pour résoudre des problèmes concernant les projectiles constitués par des obus de mortier, dont la vitesse de rotation est très grande (plus de 10000 tours par minute).The invention relates to loads composed of multiple and / or heterogeneous charges such as submunitions, loaded on a projectile rotating around its longitudinal axis. These loads having to be dropped during the trajectory, their arrangement inside the projectile is provided to separate the components at the time of their release. The invention is more particularly adapted to solve problems concerning the projectiles constituted by mortar shells, the rotational speed of which is very high (more than 10,000 revolutions per minute).

Techniques antérieures:Previous techniques:

Dans un obus de mortier, les contraintes mécaniques dues à l'accélération, et imposées à l'obus au départ du coup, sont particulièrement intenses, et très difficiles à supporter pour la structure mécanique embarquée dans l'obus. En effet, si plusieurs sous-munitions sont disposées les unes derrières les autres, la première s'appuyant sur la seconde, la seconde sur la troisième, et ainsi de suite, la pression infligée à la dernière munition par les autres, au départ du coup, fait que cette dernière munition ne résiste pas à cette contrainte mécanique.In a mortar shell, the mechanical stresses due to acceleration, and imposed on the shell at the start of the blow, are particularly intense, and very difficult to bear for the mechanical structure embedded in the shell. Indeed, if several submunitions are placed one behind the other, the first relying on the second, the second on the third, and so on, the pressure inflicted on the last munition by the others, from the suddenly, this last munition does not resist this mechanical stress.

Il a déjà été envisagé de renforcer chaque munition, en fonction du rang qu'elle occupe dans l'empilage, à l'intérieur du projectile, de manière à résister à la pression imposée par les sous-munitions précédentes. L'inconvénient majeur de cette solution, est que la place à l'intérieur de chaque munition, destinée à la fonction même de munition, diminue de plus en plus, voire devient inexistante.It has already been envisaged to reinforce each munition, according to the rank it occupies in the stack, inside the projectile, so as to withstand the pressure imposed by the previous submunitions. Disadvantage major of this solution, is that the place inside each munition, intended for the same function of ammunition, decreases more and more, even becomes non-existent.

Pour résoudre ce problème, on a déjà prévu un empilage de sous-munitions, dans lequel chaque sous-munition possède, comme le montre la figure 1, un élément de support, constitué de deux entretoises 2A et 2B, séparables au moment du largage pour libérer la sous-munition. Ces deux entretoises possèdent à leur arrière un renforcement 3A et 3B pour supporter la sous-munition au moment du départ. Ainsi, les forces d'inertie au départ du coup, dues à chaque sous-munition, ne sont supportées que par leurs deux entretoises respectives. Chaque entretoise est en contact avec la suivante. Les forces ainsi accumulées sont transmises sur le fond 4 du projectile.To solve this problem, a stack of submunitions has already been provided, in which each submunition has, as shown in FIG. 1, a support element, consisting of two spacers 2A and 2B, separable at the time of release for release the submunition. These two spacers have at their rear a reinforcement 3A and 3B to support the submunition upon departure. Thus, the inertia forces at the start of the shot, due to each submunition, are only supported by their two respective spacers. Each spacer is in contact with the next. The forces thus accumulated are transmitted to the bottom 4 of the projectile.

L'un des inconvénients de ce type de montage est illustré par la figure 2. Sur celle-ci ont été représentés les mêmes éléments que ceux représentés sur la figure 1, mais pendant le largage. L'éjection se fait par l'arrière de l'enveloppe 5 du projectile, le long de l'axe longitudinal X X′, le fond 4 se détachant le premier. Suivent après, les deux dernières entretoises 2A et 2B supportant la munition 6. On voit que les parties arrières 3A et 3B des deux dernières entretoises subissent la force centrifure due à la grande vitesse de rotation de l'ensemble du projectile, des sous-munitions et de leurs entretoises. Quand une longueur suffisante des entretoises est dégagée de l'enveloppe 5, ces entretoises, s'écartent et créent un arc-boutement qui les bloque entre leur propres munitions 6 et l'enveloppe 5 du projectile, freinant ainsi le largage et toutes les sous-munitions suivantes et pouvant détériorer la sous-munition.One of the drawbacks of this type of assembly is illustrated in FIG. 2. The same elements have been shown there as those shown in FIG. 1, but during the release. The ejection is done by the rear of the casing 5 of the projectile, along the longitudinal axis X X ′, the bottom 4 coming off first. Next follow, the last two spacers 2A and 2B supporting the ammunition 6. It can be seen that the rear parts 3A and 3B of the last two spacers undergo the centrifugal force due to the high speed of rotation of the entire projectile, of the submunitions and their spacers. When a sufficient length of the spacers is released from the casing 5, these spacers, move apart and create a bracing which blocks them between their own ammunition 6 and the casing 5 of the projectile, thus slowing the release and all the sub - following munitions and which may damage the submunition.

Un autre inconvénient de ce système est que, sous l'influence de la vitesse de rotation de l'ensemble du projectile autour de son axe longitudinal, les entretoises 2A et 2B, soumises à la force centrifuge sont plaquées contre la paroi intérieure de l'enveloppe et engendrent des forces de frottement entre ces entretoises et cette enveloppe et freinent considérablement toute translation longitudinale des sous-munitions entourées de leurs entretoises, et entravent le largage des sous-munitions.Another drawback of this system is that, under the influence of the speed of rotation of the entire projectile about its longitudinal axis, the spacers 2A and 2B, subjected to centrifugal force are pressed against the wall inside the envelope and generate frictional forces between these spacers and this envelope and considerably slow down any longitudinal translation of the submunitions surrounded by their spacers, and hamper the release of the submunitions.

Le but de l'invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients en créant un nouveau système de maintien du chargement à l'intérieur du projectile tout en permettant un largage aisé de celui-ci.The object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by creating a new system for maintaining the load inside the projectile while allowing it to be released easily.

Objet de l'invention:Object of the invention:

A cet effet, l'invention est un système de maintien de chargement composé de charges multiples et/ou hétérogènes embarquées dans un projectile tournant autour de son axe longitudinal et largué en cours de trajectoire par une extrémité de celui-ci, ledit chargement comportant comportant au moins un étage comprenant au moins deux parties distinctes devant être séparées au moment du largage, le projectile comportant une enveloppe à l'intérieur de laquelle est placée ledit chargement, le système étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend pour chaque étage des moyens de fixation des parties dudit étage, de manière à ce que chaque étage forme un ensemble compact pour ne pas provoquer contre l'enveloppe des contraintes radiales importantes, dues à la force centrifuge créée par le projectile tournant, lesdits moyens de fixation étant escamotables au moment du largage des parties ;To this end, the invention is a load holding system composed of multiple and / or heterogeneous charges loaded on a projectile rotating around its longitudinal axis and released during the trajectory by one end thereof, said load comprising comprising at least one stage comprising at least two distinct parts to be separated at the time of the release, the projectile comprising an envelope inside which said loading is placed, the system being characterized in that it comprises for each stage means of fixing of the parts of said stage, so that each stage forms a compact assembly so as not to cause significant radial stresses against the envelope, due to the centrifugal force created by the rotating projectile, said fixing means being retractable at the time of dropping of the parts;

L'invention et ses caractéristiques seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description suivante, annexée des figures représentant :The invention and its characteristics will be better understood on reading the following description, appended to the figures representing:

Présentation des figures:Presentation of the figures:

  • - Figs.1 et 2, un système de maintien de charges multiples à l'intérieur d'un projectile, avant et pendant le largage ;- Figs. 1 and 2, a system for holding multiple charges inside a projectile, before and during dropping;
  • - Fig.3, un premier schéma relatif à un système selon l'invention ;- Fig.3, a first diagram relating to a system according to the invention;
  • - Fig.4, une pièce de maintien appelée "cavalier", utilisée dans le système selon l'invention ;- Fig.4, a holding part called "jumper", used in the system according to the invention;
  • - Fig.5, un schéma explicatif concernant le système selon l'invention ;- Fig.5, an explanatory diagram concerning the system according to the invention;
  • - Fig.6, une coupe partielle d'une variante de réalisation des masselottes ;- Fig.6, a partial section of an alternative embodiment of the weights;
  • - Fig.7, le système selon l'invention appliqué à un projectile et à ses sous-munitions, toujours selon l'invention ;- Fig.7, the system according to the invention applied to a projectile and its submunitions, still according to the invention;
  • - Figs.8A et 8B, deux coupes transversales du projectile décrit sur la figure 7 ;- Figs.8A and 8B, two cross sections of the projectile described in Figure 7;
  • - Fig.9, une première variante du système selon l'invention ;- Fig.9, a first variant of the system according to the invention;
  • - Fig.10, une deuxième variante du système selon l'invention.- Fig.10, a second variant of the system according to the invention.
Description de l'invention:Description of the invention:

En référence à la figure 3, le principe du système selon l'invention est basé sur le fait que les différentes parties d'un étage d'un empilage, en l'occurrence les entretoises 6 et leurs sous-munitions 7, doivent constituer un étage compact avant le largage pour ne pas provoquer contre l'enveloppe 5 des contraintes radiales importantes dues à la force centrifuge, créée par le projectile tournant autour de son axe longitudinal. Des moyens de fixation 8 doivent être prévus, et également être escamotables au moment du largage pour que ces différentes parties puissent s'écarter latéralement et librement, par le fait de la force centrifuge.With reference to FIG. 3, the principle of the system according to the invention is based on the fact that the different parts of a stage of a stack, in this case the spacers 6 and their submunitions 7, must constitute a compact stage before dropping so as not to cause significant radial stresses against the envelope 5 due to the centrifugal force created by the projectile rotating around its longitudinal axis. Fastening means 8 must be provided, and also be retractable at the time of the release so that these different parts can move laterally and freely, due to the centrifugal force.

Une réalisation possible de ces moyens de fixation consiste à utiliser des profilés en forme de U appelés, dans la suite de la description, "cavaliers". Ces pièces sont suffisamment rigides pour maintenir les différentes parties d'un même étage, et sont placées à la périphérie de l'ensemble. En référence à la figure 4, ces cavaliers comportent dans leur section transversale, deux pattes 9, s'enfonçant chacune dans une encoche correspondante d'une des parties 6 à maintenir assemblées. Ces pattes sont reliées par une partie centrale 10 de plus faible épaisseur. La forme des pattes du cavalier est telle que, sous l'influence de la force centrifuge, de ses composants et des forces de frottement ainsi engendrées, l'ensemble des cavaliers et des parties liées par ces cavaliers reste naturellement solidaire. Ceci peut être réalisé par exemple en formant une légère queue d'aronde.One possible embodiment of these fixing means consists in using U-shaped profiles called, in the following description, "jumpers". These parts are rigid enough to hold the different parts of the same floor, and are placed on the periphery of the assembly. Referring to Figure 4, these jumpers have in their cross section, two legs 9, each sinking into a corresponding notch of one of the parts 6 to be maintained assemblies. These legs are connected by a central part 10 of smaller thickness. The shape of the rider's legs is such that, under the influence of the centrifugal force, its components and the friction forces thus generated, all the riders and the parts linked by these riders remain naturally united. This can be achieved for example by forming a slight dovetail.

Pour effectuer la désolidarisation de l'ensemble, les cavaliers sont associés chacun à des moyens d'éjection. Ces derniers sont constitués, pour fonctionner sous l'effet de la simple force centrifuge, de masselotte 12, dont la masse soumise à la force centrifuge, permet l'arrachage d'un cavalier. Par ailleurs, cette masse ne doit pas être trop importante pour que la force centrifuge, qui lui est appliquée, n'entraîne pas le gênant frottement contre l'enveloppe 5, évoqué à propos des dispositifs selon les techniques connues. Chaque masselotte est associée à un cavalier. Sur la figure 4, aucun moyen de fixation entre le cavalier et la masselotte n'a été dessiné, la masselotte 12 pouvant faire partie intégrante du cavalier 10. Des moyens de fixation peuvent toutefois être envisagés entre ces deux pièces, par exemple, des moyens de fixation par goupilles ou vis placées parallèlement à l'axe de l'enveloppe 5.To separate the assembly, the jumpers are each associated with ejection means. The latter are constituted, to operate under the effect of simple centrifugal force, counterweight 12, whose mass subjected to centrifugal force, allows the uprooting of a jumper. Furthermore, this mass should not be too large so that the centrifugal force, which is applied to it, does not cause the annoying friction against the casing 5, mentioned in connection with the devices according to known techniques. Each flyweight is associated with a rider. In FIG. 4, no fixing means between the rider and the counterweight has been drawn, the counterweight 12 being able to form an integral part of the rider 10. Fixing means can however be envisaged between these two parts, for example means fixing by pins or screws placed parallel to the axis of the enclosure 5.

Pour éviter le phénomène d'arc-boutement évoqué précédemment, lors de la sortie d'une pièce telle qu'un cavalier possédant une masselotte 12 relativement importante, il est prévu de placée la masselotte à l'arrière du cavalier, c'est-à-dire que cette masselotte 12 est la dernière partie du cavalier à sortir de l'enveloppe 5 (voir figure 5).To avoid the bracing phenomenon mentioned above, when leaving a part such as a jumper having a relatively large flyweight 12, provision is made to place the flyweight at the rear of the jumper, that is, this counterweight 12 is the last part of the jumper to come out of the envelope 5 (see FIG. 5).

Il est possible également que la masselotte entraîne le cavalier après une course vers l'intérieur. En effet, en référence à la figure 6, la masselotte 30 possède une gorge annulaire 31, assez profonde pour permettre à une partie annulaire rentrante 32 du cavalier 33 d'y pénétrer sur plusieurs millimètres tout en ne comblant pas un espace radial E. Le côté 34 de la gorge 31 placé entre celle-ci et le cavalier a un diamètre réduit pour permettre un mouvement de translation de la masselotte 30 vers l'extérieur, autorisé par la présence de l'espace E. De cette manière, lorsque la masselotte est libérée de l'enveloppe, elle s'écarte vers l'extérieur comme précédemment. Pendant le début de sa course le long de l'espace E, elle acquiert une énergie cinétique suffisant à l'arrachage du cavalier 33 des parties qu'il maintient avant le largage.It is also possible that the flyweight drives the rider after an inward race. Indeed, with reference to FIG. 6, the counterweight 30 has an annular groove 31, deep enough to allow a re-entrant annular part 32 of the jumper 33 to penetrate therein over several millimeters while not filling a radial space E. The side 34 of the groove 31 placed between it and the rider has a reduced diameter to allow a translational movement of the counterweight 30 towards the outside, authorized by the presence of the space E. In this way, when the counterweight is released from the envelope, it deviates towards the outside as previously. During the start of its race along space E, it acquires sufficient kinetic energy to uproot the rider 33 from the parts which he maintains before the release.

On constate donc, que le cavalier doit être sorti en totalité, pour que son éjection des parties 6 à séparer soit effectuée. Ceci évite donc l'arc-boutement de n'importe quelle partie, pendant sa sortie de l'enveloppe. La séparation des parties, après l'arrachage de tous les cavaliers, s'effectue grâce à la force centrifuge qui s'applique à chacune des parties 6.It can therefore be seen that the jumper must be completely removed so that it can be ejected from the parts 6 to be separated. This therefore prevents the bracing of any part during its exit from the envelope. The separation of the parts, after the uprooting of all the jumpers, is carried out thanks to the centrifugal force which applies to each of the parts 6.

En regard des figures 7, 8A et 8B, l'application du système, selon l'invention, à un projectile contenant les sous-munitions est la suivante. On y retrouve les principaux éléments des figures 3,4 et 5, à savoir l'enveloppe 5, les cavaliers 20 et leur masselotte 21. On remarquera , sur les figures 7 et 8B, que les masselottes sont d'une épaisseur supérieure à celle du cavalier 20 correspondant, mais également que ces masselottes s'étendent sur un secteur périphérique maximal, formant un anneau circulaire continu, de manière à se toucher entre elles. Ceci a pour effet d'augmenter considérablement la masse de ces masselottes. Par ce fait, elles peuvent également assurer le support de la munition correspondante 6. Les entretoises 18 ne font que positionner les sous-munitions de manière coaxiale. Comme le montre la figure 8B, la masselotte 21 ne remplit plus la fonction d'accrochage des entretoises 18, et est donc soumise à la force centrifuge sans être maintenue par la munition 6, ceci de manière à entraîner, lors du largage, le reste du cavalier 20. Les munitions ont été sur cet exemple dessinées en deux parties de diamètre différent, et reposant sur les masselottes, à peu près au milieu de la longueur de chaque munition. Ceci est un exemple de réalisation, chaque munition pouvant être supportée soit par la masselotte, soit par l'entretoise, à une extrémité de cette munition aussi bien qu'en son centre. Toutefois, dans cet exemple, les munitions 7 s'appuyant sur les masselottes 21 qui se prolongent par les entretoises 20, la dernière entretoise s'appuyant sur le fond 4, près de la fixation de ce dernier à l'enveloppe 5, le centre du fond est soulagé des importants efforts au départ du coup, la dernière munition ne reposant pas sur ce dernier.With reference to FIGS. 7, 8A and 8B, the application of the system according to the invention to a projectile containing the submunitions is as follows. There are the main elements of Figures 3,4 and 5, namely the casing 5, the jumpers 20 and their counterweight 21. It will be noted, in Figures 7 and 8B, that the counterweights are of a thickness greater than that of the corresponding jumper 20, but also that these weights extend over a maximum peripheral sector, forming a continuous circular ring, so as to touch each other. This has the effect of considerably increasing the mass of these weights. By this fact, they can also provide support for the corresponding munition 6. The spacers 18 only position the submunitions coaxially. As shown in FIG. 8B, the counterweight 21 no longer fulfills the function of hooking the spacers 18, and is therefore subjected to centrifugal force without being maintained by the ammunition 6, this so as to entail, during the release, the rest of the rider 20. The ammunition in this example was drawn in two parts of different diameter, and resting on the weights, approximately in the middle of the length of each ammunition. This is a exemplary embodiment, each munition being able to be supported either by the counterweight, or by the spacer, at one end of this ammunition as well as in its center. However, in this example, the ammunition 7 resting on the counterweights 21 which are extended by the spacers 20, the last spacer resting on the bottom 4, near the fixing of the latter to the casing 5, the center from the bottom is relieved of significant efforts at the start of the blow, the last munition not resting on the latter.

En référence maintenant à la figure 9, on peut envisager de placer dans une enveloppe 5 différentes parties 16, non pas étagées les unes contre les autres, mais entassées et positionnées les unes contre les autres, en fagot. Dans ce cas des encoches sont prévues dans chacune de ces parties 16 pour que les cavaliers 18 puissent s'accrocher à l'intérieur, de manière à maintenir lesdites parties. Le largage pourra se faire de la même manière exactement, chaque cavalier comportant une masselotte analogue à celle précédemment décrite.Referring now to FIG. 9, it is possible to envisage placing in a casing 5 different parts 16, not stepped against each other, but piled up and positioned against each other, in bundles. In this case notches are provided in each of these parts 16 so that the jumpers 18 can hang inside, so as to maintain said parts. The release may be done in exactly the same way, each rider having a flyweight similar to that previously described.

Dans le même ordre d'idée, et en référence à la figure 10 on prévoit ainsi de loger, les unes contre les autres, un grand nombre de munitions, qui peuvent être par exemple des flèches, des bombes. On utilise toujours dans ce cas l'enveloppe 5 et des cavaliers 28 qui maintiennent les parties 6 qui encerclent complètement le groupe de munitions à maintenir, et former ainsi une enveloppe intermédiaire.In the same vein, and with reference to FIG. 10, provision is thus made to house, one against the other, a large number of munitions, which may for example be arrows, bombs. In this case, the envelope 5 and jumpers 28 which hold the parts 6 which completely encircle the group of ammunition to be maintained are still used, and thus form an intermediate envelope.

Les avantages du système selon l'invention sont les suivants.The advantages of the system according to the invention are as follows.

Les contraintes sont faibles sur l'enveloppe. La pression d'éjection en translation des sous-munitions, est donc beaucoup plus faible. D'autre part, il y a possibilité de réduire les dimensions de l'enveloppe.The constraints are low on the envelope. The ejection pressure in translation of the submunitions is therefore much lower. On the other hand, there is the possibility of reducing the dimensions of the envelope.

Les entretoises ne se séparent qu'après leur extraction complète, et évitent les contraintes de coincement par séparation angulaire progressif pendant l'extraction, comme illustrée par la figure 5.The spacers do not separate until after their complete extraction, and avoid jamming stresses by progressive angular separation during extraction, as illustrated in FIG. 5.

Il y a possibilité de réaliser de manière économique, par exemple par profilage, en particulier les cavaliers, leurs masselottes et les entretoises, lorsqu'ils sont fabriqués séparément.It is possible to produce economically, for example by profiling, in particular the jumpers, their weights and the spacers, when they are manufactured separately.

Les réalisations décrites aux figures 8 et 9 peuvent permettre un verrouillage et un largage assymétriques, de manière à faire des éjections latérales variables des différentes parties. On pourra notamment prévoir le positionnement irrégulier des cavaliers autour de la périphérie des parties.The embodiments described in FIGS. 8 and 9 can allow asymmetrical locking and release, so as to make variable lateral ejections of the different parts. We can in particular provide for the irregular positioning of the jumpers around the periphery of the parts.

Enfin, le système permet facilement d'entraîner en rotation l'ensemble du chargement placé à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, en prévoyant des crabotages entre chaque entretoise.Finally, the system easily allows the entire load placed inside the envelope to be rotated, by providing interconnection between each spacer.

Claims (12)

1. Système de maintien de chargement composé de charges multiples, embarqué dans un projectile tournant autour de son axe longitudinal (X X′) et largué en cours de trajectoire par une extrémité de celui-ci, ledit chargement comportant au moins un étage comprenant au moins deux parties distinctes (6,7,18,28) devant être séparées au moment du largage, le projectile comportant une enveloppe (5) à l'intérieur de laquelle est placée ledit chargement, le système étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend pour chaque étage des moyens de fixation (8,12,20,21,28) des parties dudit étage de manière à ce que chaque étage forme un ensemble compact pour ne pas provoquer contre l'enveloppe (5) des contraintes radiales importantes dues à la force centrifuge créée par le projectile tournant, lesdits moyens de fixation étant escamotables au moment du largage des parties.1. Load holding system composed of multiple charges, embedded in a projectile rotating around its longitudinal axis (XX ′) and released during the trajectory by one end thereof, said load comprising at least one stage comprising at least two separate parts (6,7,18,28) to be separated at the time of the release, the projectile comprising an envelope (5) inside which said load is placed, the system being characterized in that it comprises for each stage of the fixing means (8,12,20,21,28) of the parts of the said stage so that each stage forms a compact assembly so as not to cause significant radial stresses against the envelope (5) centrifugal force created by the rotating projectile, said fixing means being retractable when the parts are released. 2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de fixation se composent de profilés en forme de U appelés cavaliers (8,33) placés à la périphérie de chaque étage et comportant au moins deux pattes de fixation (9), chacune de ces pattes rentrant dans un évidement périphérique correspondant d'une desdites parties, la résistance mécanique et la forme exacte desdits cavaliers étant prévues pour maintenir les parties d'un même étage avant le largage.2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that said fixing means consist of U-shaped profiles called jumpers (8,33) placed at the periphery of each stage and comprising at least two fixing lugs (9), each of these tabs entering a corresponding peripheral recess of one of said parts, the mechanical strength and the exact shape of said jumpers being provided to maintain the parts of the same stage before the release. 3. Système selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens d'éjection desdits cavaliers (12,21,30) maintenus par l'enveloppe (5) avant le largage et étant écartés, lors du largage, par la force centrifuge, de façon à désolidariser les cavaliers desdites parties (6,8) auxquelles ils sont fixés.3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises means for ejecting said jumpers (12,21,30) held by the casing (5) before the release and being separated, during the release, by the centrifugal force, so as to separate the jumpers from said parts (6,8) to which they are fixed. 4. Système selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'éjection desdits cavaliers sont constitués pour chaque cavalier d'une masselotte (12,21,30), rigidement fixée au cavalier correspondant à une extrémité de celui-ci, de manière à être extraite de l'enveloppe (5) après le cavalier qui lui correspond, pour le soumettre alors à la force centrifuge due à sa masse, et l'écarter des parties (6,18) qu'il maintient avant le largage.4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for ejecting said jumpers are constituted for each rider by a counterweight (12,21,30), rigidly fixed to the jumper corresponding to one end of it, so as to be extracted from the envelope (5) after the jumper which corresponds to it, to then subject it to centrifugal force due to its mass, and separate it from the parts (6 , 18) which it maintains before the release. 5. Système selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'éjection desdits cavaliers (8) sont constitués pour chaque cavalier d'une masselotte (30), venant en butée sur le cavalier (32,33) après une course vers l'extérieur, de manière à être extraite de l'enveloppe (5) après le cavalier qui lui correspond, d'emmagasiner de l'énergie cinétique pendant sa course vers l'extérieur due à la rotation, et écarter alors le cavalier des parties qu'il maintient avant le largage.5. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for ejecting said jumpers (8) are constituted for each rider of a counterweight (30), abutting on the rider (32,33) after a race towards the exterior, so as to be extracted from the envelope (5) after the jumper which corresponds to it, to store kinetic energy during its outward stroke due to rotation, and then to separate the jumper from the parts which he maintains before the release. 6. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pattes de fixation (9) des cavaliers (8,20,23) sont telles que la force centrifuge, qui s'exerce sur lesdits cavaliers, est compensée par les forces de frottement à la liaison mécanique entre lesdites pattes (9) et les pièces qu'elles maintiennent (6,18)6. System according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said fixing lugs (9) of the jumpers (8,20,23) are such that the centrifugal force, which is exerted on said jumpers, is compensated by the friction forces at the mechanical connection between said tabs (9) and the parts they hold (6,18) 7. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque étage est constitué d'une sous-munition (7) centrale et disposée coaxialement dans l'axe longitudinal (X X′) du projectile, et de plusieurs entretoises (18) entourant ladite munition, et étant maintenues par les cavaliers (20).7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each stage consists of a central submunition (7) and arranged coaxially in the longitudinal axis (XX ′) of the projectile, and of several spacers ( 18) surrounding said ammunition, and being held by the jumpers (20). 8. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que dans chaque étage la sous-munition (7) n'est entourée sur sa longueur que partiellement par les entretoises (18) de son étage correspondant, et est entourée partiellement des entretoises de l'étage adjacent.8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that in each stage the submunition (7) is surrounded on its length only partially by the spacers (18) of its corresponding stage, and is partially surrounded by the spacers of the 'adjacent floor. 9. Système selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdites masselottes (21) des cavaliers (20) ont une forme telle qu'elles forment un anneau continu circulaire.9. System according to claim 4, characterized in that said weights (21) of the jumpers (20) have a shape such that they form a continuous circular ring. 10. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les parties (16) constituant ledit étage, sont placées en fagot à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (5).10. System according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the parts (16) constituting said stage, are placed in bundles inside the envelope (5). 11. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 et de la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce que les masselottes (21) forment l'appui de la sous munition.11. System according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and of claim 9 characterized in that the weights (21) form the support of the submunition. 12. Système selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la dernière sous-munition, la section de la masselotte 21 formant appui de la sous-munition trouve son prolongement sur l'entretoise adjacente et sur le culot permettant de réduire la contrainte sur le culot lors du départ du coup.12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that the last submunition, the section of the counterweight 21 forming the support of the submunition finds its extension on the adjacent spacer and on the base making it possible to reduce the stress on the pellet at the start of the blow.
EP88401314A 1987-06-02 1988-05-31 System for holding multiple charges in a projectile rotating about its longitudinal axis Expired - Lifetime EP0294281B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8707708A FR2616217B1 (en) 1987-06-02 1987-06-02 SYSTEM FOR HOLDING MULTIPLE LOADS ON BOARD IN A PROJECTILE ROTATING AROUND ITS LONGITUDINAL AXIS
FR8707708 1987-06-02

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EP0294281B1 (en) 1992-01-29
FR2616217B1 (en) 1993-02-05
FR2616217A1 (en) 1988-12-09
DE3868144D1 (en) 1992-03-12
US4920887A (en) 1990-05-01

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