EP0290773A1 - Method for manufacturing sections by grinding, and turbine blades so manufactured - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing sections by grinding, and turbine blades so manufactured Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0290773A1
EP0290773A1 EP88105239A EP88105239A EP0290773A1 EP 0290773 A1 EP0290773 A1 EP 0290773A1 EP 88105239 A EP88105239 A EP 88105239A EP 88105239 A EP88105239 A EP 88105239A EP 0290773 A1 EP0290773 A1 EP 0290773A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
blade
contour
head
per unit
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP88105239A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0290773B1 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Kühne
Klaus Meyer
Karlheinz Heine
Klaus Rüschmann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT88105239T priority Critical patent/ATE63709T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2200/00—Mathematical features
    • F05B2200/30—Mathematical features miscellaneous
    • F05B2200/31—Mathematical features miscellaneous odd
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a profile part from a blank according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as a correspondingly manufactured turbomachine blade and an associated intermediate product.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a method which enables the most economical production of profile parts, the cross-sectional profile of which, at least in some areas, differs considerably from the cross-sectional profile of the associated blank.
  • the invention relates to a turbomachine blade manufactured according to this method, and to a typical associated intermediate product.
  • a typical application example is a turbomachine blade, as described in claims 5 and 6 as a correspondingly manufactured product.
  • a method which is particularly suitable for producing small turbomachine blades is also specified in claim 11.
  • the rotations and translations of the blank relative to the grinding wheel are initially essentially determined by the profile to be produced. Only the speed of these movements, generally called the feed speed, can be freely selected. For an economical process, this feed rate must generally be chosen to be as large as possible. However, there are limits here, among other things, due to the heat input into the workpiece. Depending on the contour to be produced, the The feed is therefore controlled or regulated in such a way that the machining volume per unit of time follows a predefinable function, preferably remains approximately constant. This means that the rotation and translation are slowed down if a great deal of material has to be removed from the point being worked on.
  • the entire constellation of the blank, the profile to be produced and the machining state achieved can be taken into account when determining an optimal function which the machining volume per unit time should follow.
  • Decisive for the heating of the workpiece during grinding is the heat dissipation from the grinding point. Part of the heated material is removed immediately afterwards, for example, so that this heat input is not critical.
  • the dimensions of the workpiece, its heat capacity and thermal conductivity must be taken into account (in short: heat dissipation in the vicinity of the grinding point). It generally applies that the lower the heat removal at the grinding point, the smaller the machining volume per unit of time. For example, in very thin areas of the workpiece, the machining volume per unit of time u. U. be reduced.
  • a turbine blade with the characterizing features of claim 5 is particularly economical to produce. By grinding all non-concave contours of the blade in just one clamping, many work steps of the previously known machining steps can be saved. Manufacturing with very low tolerances is possible because of inaccuracies due to changing clamping of the workpiece. Significant time savings in production can also be achieved since the intermediate storage of entire batches, from partially completed blades to the conversion of a machine to new machining tools, is practically completely eliminated.
  • the intermediate product has a total length f which is greater than the length a of the blade to be manufactured.
  • the blade itself consists of a blade root 2 with webs 2.1 and 2.2 grooves; all foot shapes known in the prior art can be used.
  • the blade has a head which has a parallelogram cross-section and forms a closed shroud together with other blade heads during later installation.
  • the actual blade contour has a rounded inflow side 6, a pointed outflow side 7 and a convex suction side 4.
  • the later concave pressure side 5 is not yet finished in the intermediate product shown, but only ground flat.
  • the contour of the blade root 2 is lengthened by the length b, and the contour of the blade head 3 is lengthened by the length c.
  • a cutting device can later be attached in a defined manner. Further points the intermediate product has two remnants 8, 9 at the two ends, which do not necessarily have the same lengths c and e. These remnants serve to firmly clamp the blank or intermediate product during the entire grinding process.
  • the present invention enables e.g. B. an economical, precise manufacture of blades for turbomachinery, a very fast production run is possible by saving many different operations.
  • the production planning is simplified because intermediate storage is no longer necessary; the manufacturing time for an entire set of blades can be significantly reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

A grinding method for profiled parts, in particular turbine blades, blades manufactured accordingly and also typical associated intermediate products. In order to reduce the number of operations during manufacture and to make possible efficient production, the contours of base (2), head (3) and convex suction side (4) of a turbine blade are manufactured by deep grinding in one clamping set-up. A blank suitable for this machining has at its ends residual pieces (8, 9) which are used for the clamping and are cut off later. The entire blade contour with the exception of the pressure side is manufactured by rotation and translation of the blank relative to a rapidly rotating grinding wheel. In order to ensure an efficient grinding operation, the volume of metal removed per unit of time follows a predeterminable function during the pre-forming, which function can also be constant if need be. This possibly location-dependent and/or time-dependent function of the volume of metal removed per unit of time takes into account the heat dissipation in the workpiece in the vicinity of the respective grinding point in order to avoid thermal stresses in the surface layer. Finally, the final contour and surface finish is obtained during finish-grinding in the same clamping set-up. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Profilteiles aus einem Rohling gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine entsprechend hergestellte Turbomaschinen­schaufel und ein zugehöriges Zwischenprodukt.The present invention relates to a method for producing a profile part from a blank according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as a correspondingly manufactured turbomachine blade and an associated intermediate product.

Die Herstellung von Profilteilen, z. B. Turbomaschinenschaufeln, insbesondere relativ kleinen Schaufeln, erfordert wegen deren komplizierter Form oft einen großen Bearbeitungsaufwand. Die bisher angewandten Methoden der zerspanenden Bearbeitung er­fordern viele Arbeitsgänge mit unterschiedlichen Einspannungen und Bearbeitungswerkzeugen.The production of profile parts, e.g. B. turbo machine blades, especially relatively small blades, often requires a large amount of processing because of their complicated shape. The previously used methods of machining require many operations with different clamps and machining tools.

Zwar ist es auch bekannt, bei der zerspanenden Bearbeitung Schleifmaschinen einzusetzen, jedoch wurde dies für die Vor­formung von komplizierterer Profilteile, bei denen das herzu­stellende Querschnittsprofil sich erheblich vom Querschnitt­sprofil des Rohlings unterscheidet, bisher nicht in Betracht gezogen. Bei bekannten Schleifverfahren werden im allgemeinen lediglich ebene oder einfach geformte, z. B. runde Flächen be­arbeitet, wobei eine konstante Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen Werkstück und Schleifscheibe eingehalten wird.Although it is also known to use grinding machines for machining, this has not previously been considered for the preforming of more complicated profile parts in which the cross-sectional profile to be produced differs significantly from the cross-sectional profile of the blank. In known grinding methods are generally only flat or simply shaped, for. B. machined round surfaces, with a constant relative speed between the workpiece and grinding wheel is maintained.

Aus dem Artikel "Schleifen von Rohteilen mit geregeltem Zeit­spanvolumen", VDI-Z Bd. 128 (1986) Nr.23/24 Dezember (I/II), S. 935 bis 939, sind Regelungsmöglichkeiten beim Fertigschlei­fen von Rohteilen bekannt, jedoch handelt auch dieser Artikel nur von einfachen, beispielsweise runden Profilteilen und be­trifft nur das Schruppen und Schlichten als letzten Fertigungs­schritt. Die Problematik, die sich beim Vorformen von Profil­teilen aus einem Rohling ergibt, bei denen an manchen Bereichen des Querschnittes viel Material abgetragen werden muß und an manchen wenig, wie dies z. B. bei Turbomaschinenschaufeln der Fall ist, wird nicht angesprochen.From the article "Grinding raw parts with a controlled chip removal volume", VDI-Z Vol. 128 (1986) No. 23/24 December (I / II), pp. 935 to 939, control options for finish grinding raw parts are known, but also acts This article only deals with simple, for example round, profile parts and only concerns roughing and finishing as the last production step. The problem that arises when preforming profile parts from a blank, in some areas of the cross section, a lot of material has to be removed and, in some cases, little, as is the case, for. B. is the case with turbomachine blades, is not addressed.

Aus der DE-A-22 43 863 ist eine Schleifvorrichtung zum Bear­beiten von Schaufeln von Strömungsmaschinen bekannt, jedoch beschäftigt sich diese Schrift nicht mit dem Vorformen eines Profils aus einem Rohling, sondern lediglich mit der abschlie­ßenden Feinbearbeitung. Überhaupt ist es für Turbinenschaufeln durchaus bekannt, bei der Endbearbeitung und auch bei einzelnen Abschnitten Schleifverfahren einzusetzen. Aus der Zeitschrift "Werkstatt und Betrieb", 118 (1985) 3, München, Deutschland, S. 149 ff. sind bereits einige Probleme, die sich beim Voll­schnitt- bzw. Tiefschleifverfahren ergeben, bekannt. Hier wer­den auch die Probleme der Wärmeeinbringung in das Werkstück er­wähnt. Allerdings beschäftigt sich diese Schrift nicht mit dem Vorformen des eigentlichen Schaufelprofils, sondern lediglich mit der Bearbeitung der Schaufelenden und der abschließenden Feinbearbeitung. Die Probleme des Abtrages von ganz unterschied­lichen Differenzen zwischen Ausgangs- und Endprofil werden nicht angesprochen.From DE-A-22 43 863 a grinding device for processing blades of turbomachines is known, but this document is not concerned with preforming a profile from a blank, but only with the final finishing. In general, it is well known for turbine blades to use grinding methods for the finishing and also for individual sections. From the magazine "Werkstatt und Betrieb", 118 (1985) 3, Munich, Germany, p. 149 ff., Some problems that arise with the full cut or deep grinding method are already known. The problems of introducing heat into the workpiece are also mentioned here. However, this document does not deal with the preforming of the actual blade profile, but only with the processing of the blade ends and the final finishing. The problems of removing very different differences between the initial and final profile are not addressed.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens, welches eine möglichst wirtschaftliche Herstellung von Profilteilen ermöglicht, deren Querschnittsprofil sich zu­mindest in Teilbereichen erheblich vom Querschnittsprofil des zugehörigen Rohlings unterscheidet. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung eine nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Turbomaschi­nenschaufel, sowie ein typisches zugehöriges Zwischenprodukt.The object of the present invention is to create a method which enables the most economical production of profile parts, the cross-sectional profile of which, at least in some areas, differs considerably from the cross-sectional profile of the associated blank. In particular, the invention relates to a turbomachine blade manufactured according to this method, and to a typical associated intermediate product.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren mit den kennzeich­nenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieses Verfahrens sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 angegeben.To achieve this object, a method with the characterizing features of claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous embodiments of this method are specified in claims 2 to 4.

Als typisches Anwendungsbeispiel ist eine Turbomaschinenschaufel anzusehen, wie sie als entsprechend hergestelltes Produkt in den Ansprüchen 5 und 6 beschrieben ist.A typical application example is a turbomachine blade, as described in claims 5 and 6 as a correspondingly manufactured product.

Dabei tritt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Herstellung ferner ein ganz spezifisches Zwischenprodukt auf, welches mit seinen ein­zelnen Ausgestaltungen in den Ansprüchen 7 bis 10 erläutert wird.In this case, a very specific intermediate product also occurs in the production according to the invention, which is explained with its individual configurations in claims 7 to 10.

Ein speziell zur Herstellung von kleinen Turbomaschinenschau­feln geeignetes Verfahren wird weiterhin im Anspruch 11 ange­geben.A method which is particularly suitable for producing small turbomachine blades is also specified in claim 11.

Zum prinzipiellen Verständnis des Wesens der Erfindung ist es notwendig, die unterschiedlichen technischen Gegebenheiten beim Vorformen und Fertigschleifen zu betrachten. Ausschlaggebend für die technische Realisierbarkeit eines Schleifverfahrens sind da­bei auch wirtschaftliche Gesichtspunkte. Dies bedeutet, daß einerseits die Bearbeitungszeit nicht zu lang werden darf und andererseits der Verschleiß an Schleifscheiben in vernünftigen Grenzen bleiben muß. Außerdem darf die Qualität des herzustel­lenden Profilteiles nicht leiden. Während beim Fertigschleifen insgesamt nur noch geringe Volumina pro Zeiteinheit zerspant werden, wodurch sich kaum thermische Probleme ergeben, sind beim Vorformen große Volumina pro Zeiteinheit abzutragen, was wegen des damit verbundenen hohen Wärmeeintrages in das Werkstück und die Schleifscheibe nicht ganz unproblematisch ist. Bei komplizierten Profilteilen, wie z. B. Turbomaschinen­schaufeln, gibt es Bereiche, bei denen sehr viel Material ab­getragen werden muß und auch Bereiche mit nur einem geringen Materialabtrag. Dies macht eine besondere Regelung der Vor­schübe von Rotation und Translation notwendig, wie dies in den Ansprüchen 2, 3 bzw. 4 beschrieben wird. Die Rotationen und Translationen des Rohlings relativ zur Schleifscheibe sind zu­nächst durch das herzustellende Profil im wesentlichen festge­legt. Nur die Geschwindigkeit dieser Bewegungen, im allgemeinen Vorschubgeschwindigkeit genannt, ist frei wählbar. Für ein wirtschaftliches Verfahren muß im allgemeinen diese Vorschub­geschwindigkeit möglichst groß gewählt werden. Hier sind je­doch u. a. durch den Wärmeeintrag in das Werkstück Grenzen ge­setzt. In Abhängigkeit von der herzustellenden Kontur wird der Vorschub daher gerade so gesteuert oder geregelt, daß das Zer­spanungsvolumen pro Zeiteinheit einer vorgebbaren Funktion folgt, vorzugsweise ungefähr konstant bleibt. D. h., daß die Rotation und Translation jeweils verlangsamt werden, wenn sehr viel Material an der gerade bearbeiteten Stelle abzutragen ist. Um einerseits in unkritischen Bereichen schnell schleifen zu können, andererseits aber schädliche Gefügeänderungen an der Oberfläche der endgültig herzustellenden Kontur zu vermeiden, kann auch in zwei oder mehreren Schritten vorgegangen werden, wobei zunächst mit einem großen Zerspanungsvolumen pro Zeitein­heit und bei Annäherung an die endgültig herzustellende Kontur oder in kritischen Bereichen mit einem geringeren Zerspanungs­volumen pro Zeiteinheit gearbeitet wird. Auf diese Weise kann der schädliche Wärmeeintrag in das Werkstück beim Vorschleifen auf die Bereiche begrenzt werden, die beim Fertigschleifen schließlich noch abgetragen werden.To understand in principle the essence of the invention, it is necessary to consider the different technical conditions during preforming and finish grinding. Economic aspects are also decisive for the technical feasibility of a grinding process. This means that on the one hand the machining time must not be too long and on the other hand the wear on grinding wheels must remain within reasonable limits. In addition, the quality of the profile part to be manufactured must not suffer. While only small volumes are machined per unit of time during finish grinding, which means that there are hardly any thermal problems, large volumes per unit of time have to be removed during preforming, which is not entirely unproblematic due to the high heat input into the workpiece and the grinding wheel. With complicated profile parts, such as. B. Turbomachine blades, there are areas where a lot of material has to be removed and areas with only a small material removal. This makes special regulation of the feeds of rotation and translation necessary, as described in claims 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The rotations and translations of the blank relative to the grinding wheel are initially essentially determined by the profile to be produced. Only the speed of these movements, generally called the feed speed, can be freely selected. For an economical process, this feed rate must generally be chosen to be as large as possible. However, there are limits here, among other things, due to the heat input into the workpiece. Depending on the contour to be produced, the The feed is therefore controlled or regulated in such a way that the machining volume per unit of time follows a predefinable function, preferably remains approximately constant. This means that the rotation and translation are slowed down if a great deal of material has to be removed from the point being worked on. In order to be able to grind quickly in uncritical areas on the one hand, but on the other hand to avoid damaging structural changes on the surface of the final contour to be produced, one can also proceed in two or more steps, initially with a large machining volume per unit of time and when approaching the final contour to be produced or working in critical areas with a lower cutting volume per unit of time. In this way, the harmful heat input into the workpiece during pre-grinding can be limited to the areas that are finally removed during final grinding.

Gemäß Anspruch 4 kann bei der Festlegung einer optimalen Funk­tion, der das Zerspanungsvolumen pro Zeiteinheit folgen soll, die gesamte Konstellation von Rohling, herzustellendem Profil und erreichtem Bearbeitungszustand berücksichtigt werden. Entscheidend für die Erwärmung des Werkstückes beim Schleifen ist die Wärmeabfuhr von der Schleifstelle aus. Ein Teil des erwärmten Materials wird beispielsweise direkt anschließend ab­getragen, so daß dieser Wärmeeintrag unkritisch ist. Außerdem sind die Maße des Werkstückes, seine Wärmekapazität und Wär­meleitfähigkeit zu berücksichtigen (kurz: Wärmeabfuhr in der Umgebung der Schleifstelle). Es gilt generell, daß das Zer­spanungsvolumen pro Zeiteinheit um so kleiner sein sollte, je schlechter die Wärmeabfuhr an der Schleifstelle ist. Z. B. in sehr dünnen Bereichen des Werkstückes muß daher das Zer­spanungsvolumen pro Zeiteinheit u. U. reduziert werden.According to claim 4, the entire constellation of the blank, the profile to be produced and the machining state achieved can be taken into account when determining an optimal function which the machining volume per unit time should follow. Decisive for the heating of the workpiece during grinding is the heat dissipation from the grinding point. Part of the heated material is removed immediately afterwards, for example, so that this heat input is not critical. In addition, the dimensions of the workpiece, its heat capacity and thermal conductivity must be taken into account (in short: heat dissipation in the vicinity of the grinding point). It generally applies that the lower the heat removal at the grinding point, the smaller the machining volume per unit of time. For example, in very thin areas of the workpiece, the machining volume per unit of time u. U. be reduced.

Eine Turbinenschaufel mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 ist besonders wirtschaftlich herstellbar. Durch Schleifen aller nicht konkaven Konturen der Schaufel in nur einer Einspannung können viele Arbeitsschritte der bisher be­kannten Bearbeitungsgänge eingespart werden. Eine Fertigung mit sehr geringen Toleranzen ist möglich, da Ungenauigkeiten durch wechselnde Einspannung des Werkstückes entfallen. Auch kann eine erhebliche Zeitersparnis bei der Herstellung erreicht werden, da die Zwischenlagerung ganzer Chargen von teilweise fertiggestellten Schaufeln bis zur Umrüstung einer Maschine auf neue Bearbeitungswerkzeuge praktisch völlig entfällt.A turbine blade with the characterizing features of claim 5 is particularly economical to produce. By grinding all non-concave contours of the blade in just one clamping, many work steps of the previously known machining steps can be saved. Manufacturing with very low tolerances is possible because of inaccuracies due to changing clamping of the workpiece. Significant time savings in production can also be achieved since the intermediate storage of entire batches, from partially completed blades to the conversion of a machine to new machining tools, is practically completely eliminated.

Ein bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auf die Her­stellung von Turbomaschinenschaufeln entstehendes typisches Zwischenprodukt ist mit seiner Form und seinen Größenverhält­nissen zur Erläuterung in der Zeichnung dargestellt, und zwar zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht des Zwischenproduktes,
  • Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht und
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch das Zwischenprodukt entlang der Linie III-III.
A typical intermediate product which arises when the method according to the invention is applied to the production of turbomachine blades is shown with its shape and its size ratios for explanation in the drawing, namely
  • 1 is a perspective view of the intermediate product,
  • Fig. 2 is a side view and
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the intermediate along the line III-III.

Das Zwischenprodukt weist eine Gesamtlänge f auf, welche grö­ßer ist als die Länge a der herzustellenden Schaufel. Die Schaufel selbst besteht aus einem Schaufelfuß 2 mit Stegen 2.1 und Nuten 2.2; dabei kommen alle nach dem Stand der Tech­nik bekannten Fußformen in Betracht. Ferner weist die Schaufel einen Kopf auf, welcher einen parallelogrammförmigen Quer­schnitt hat und beim späteren Einbau zusammen mit anderen Schau­felköpfen ein geschlossenes Deckband bildet. Die eigentliche Schaufelkontur weist eine gerundete Anströmseite 6, eine spitze Abströmseite 7 und eine konvexe Saugseite 4 auf. Die später konkave Druckseite 5 ist bei dem dargestellten Zwischenprodukt noch nicht fertig hergestellt, sondern nur plan geschliffen. Die Kontur des Schaufelfußes 2 ist um die Länge b verlängert, ebenso ist die Kontur des Schaufelkopfes 3 um die Länge c ver­längert. Im Bereich dieser Verlängerungen b, c kann später eine Schneidvorrichtung definiert angesetzt werden. Ferner weist das Zwischenprodukt zwei Reststücke 8, 9 an den beiden Enden auf, welche die nicht notwendigerweise gleichen Längen c bzw. e haben. Diese Reststücke dienen zur festen Einspannung des Rohlings bzw. Zwischenproduktes während des gesamten Schleif­vorganges.The intermediate product has a total length f which is greater than the length a of the blade to be manufactured. The blade itself consists of a blade root 2 with webs 2.1 and 2.2 grooves; all foot shapes known in the prior art can be used. Furthermore, the blade has a head which has a parallelogram cross-section and forms a closed shroud together with other blade heads during later installation. The actual blade contour has a rounded inflow side 6, a pointed outflow side 7 and a convex suction side 4. The later concave pressure side 5 is not yet finished in the intermediate product shown, but only ground flat. The contour of the blade root 2 is lengthened by the length b, and the contour of the blade head 3 is lengthened by the length c. In the area of these extensions b, c, a cutting device can later be attached in a defined manner. Further points the intermediate product has two remnants 8, 9 at the two ends, which do not necessarily have the same lengths c and e. These remnants serve to firmly clamp the blank or intermediate product during the entire grinding process.

Es sei noch darauf hingewiesen, daß das erfindungsgemäße Ver­fahren naturgemäß auf Profile beschränkt ist, die weniger konkav sind als es der Form der kleinsten verwendeten Schleif­scheiben im Neuzustand entspricht.It should also be pointed out that the method according to the invention is naturally limited to profiles which are less concave than the shape of the smallest grinding wheels used when new.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht z. B. eine wirtschaft­liche, präzise Herstellung von Schaufeln für Turbomaschinen, wobei durch Einsparung vieler verschiedener Arbeitsgänge ein sehr schneller Fertigungsdurchlauf möglich ist. Die Fertigungs­planung wird vereinfacht, da Zwischenlagerungen entfallen; die Herstellungszeit für einen ganzen Satz Schaufeln kann deutlich verkürzt werden.The present invention enables e.g. B. an economical, precise manufacture of blades for turbomachinery, a very fast production run is possible by saving many different operations. The production planning is simplified because intermediate storage is no longer necessary; the manufacturing time for an entire set of blades can be significantly reduced.

Claims (11)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Profilteiles (1) aus einem Rohling, wobei sich das Querschnittsprofil des herzustellen­den Teiles zumindest in Teilbereichen quantitativ und quali­tativ vom Querschnittsprofil des Rohlings unterscheidet, so daß unterschiedliche Differenzen zwischen Ausgangs- und Endprofil abzutragen sind, gekennzeichnet durch fol­gende Merkmale: a) Das herzustellende Teil wird in einer Aufspannung mit min­destens einer Schleifscheibe, die vorzugsweise kontinuier­lich abgerichtet wird, vorgeformt und fertiggeschliffen. b) Beim Vorformen wird dem Rohling durch Translation und Ro­tation relativ zu der oder den, ggf. profilierten Schleif­scheibe(n) annähernd das gewünschte Profil gegeben, wobei die örtlichen Schleiftiefen vorzugsweise annähernd gleich den abzutragenden Differenzen gewählt werden. c) Das Fertigschleifen erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise voll­ständig oder abschnittsweise nach dem Vorformen und dient der Glättung der Oberflächen und der maßgenauen Herstellung des Endprofils. 1. A method for producing a profile part (1) from a blank, the cross-sectional profile of the part to be manufactured differing quantitatively and qualitatively from the cross-sectional profile of the blank, at least in some areas, so that different differences between the starting and end profiles have to be removed, characterized by the following features: a) The part to be manufactured is preformed and finish-ground in one clamping with at least one grinding wheel, which is preferably continuously dressed. b) In the preforming, the blank is given approximately the desired profile by translation and rotation relative to the or the possibly profiled grinding wheel (s), the local grinding depths preferably being selected to be approximately equal to the differences to be removed. c) Finishing is carried out in a manner known per se completely or in sections after the preforming and serves to smooth the surfaces and to produce the final profile with dimensional accuracy. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß beim Vorformen die Vorschübe der für die Herstellung des gewünschten Profils nötigen Rotationen und Translationen des Rohlings relativ zur Schleifscheibe in Ab­hängigkeit von den abzutragenden Differenzen so geregelt oder gesteuert werden, daß das Zerspanungsvolumen pro Zeiteinheit einer vorgebbaren, ggf. ortsabhängigen und/oder zeitabhängi­gen Funktion folgt, insbesondere zumindest in Teilbereichen konstant bleibt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the preforming, the feeds of the rotations and translations of the blank necessary for the production of the desired profile relative to the grinding wheel are regulated or controlled as a function of the differences to be removed so that the machining volume per unit time of a predeterminable one , possibly location-dependent and / or time-dependent function follows, in particular remains constant at least in partial areas. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß beim Vorformen einem ersten Ar­beitsschritt mit großem Zerspanungsvolumen pro Zeiteinheit bei Annäherung an die endgültig herzustellende Kontur min­denstens noch ein Arbeitsschritt mit geringerem Zerspanungsvo­lumen pro Zeiteinheit folgt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the preforming a first step with a large machining volume per unit of time when approaching the final contour to be produced, at least one step with a lower machining volume per unit of time follows. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß beim Vorformen das Zerspanungs­volumen pro Zeiteinheit in Abhängigkeit von der Wärmeabfuhr im Werkstück in der Umgebung der jeweiligen Schleifstelle gesteuert oder geregelt wird.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the preforming the machining volume per unit of time is controlled or regulated depending on the heat dissipation in the workpiece in the vicinity of the respective grinding point. 5. Turbomaschinenschaufel mit einer konvexen Saugseite (4), einer konkaven Druckseite (5), einem als Halterung ausgebil­deten Fuß (2) mit Stegen (2.1) und/oder Nuten (2.2) und einem Kopf (3), der zusammen mit Nachbarschaufeln zu einem geschlos­senen Deckband zusammenfügbar ist, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß zumindest die Konturen von Fuß (2), Kopf (3) und der konvexen Saugseite (4) durch Tiefschlei­fen in einer Einspannung hergestellt sind, und zwar durch Schleifen vorgeformt und fertiggeschliffen.5. Turbomachine blade with a convex suction side (4), a concave pressure side (5), a foot (2) designed as a holder with webs (2.1) and / or grooves (2.2) and a head (3), which together with neighboring blades a closed shroud can be put together, characterized in that at least the contours of the base (2), head (3) and the convex suction side (4) are produced by deep grinding in one clamping, namely preformed and finished by grinding. 6. Turbomaschinenschaufel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Schaufel im Bereich der Saug­seite (4) und deren Anström- (6) bzw. Abström-Kanten (7) keine starken Gefügeänderungen gegenüber dem Grundmaterial aufweist, jedenfalls keine stärkeren als bei üblichen Bearbeitungs­verfahren.6. Turbomachine blade according to claim 5, characterized in that the blade in the area of the suction side (4) and its inflow (6) or outflow edges (7) has no strong structural changes with respect to the base material, in any case no stronger than in conventional machining processes . 7. Zwischenprodukt (1) für eine Turbomaschinenschaufel, insbe­sondere nach einem Verfahren hergestellt gemäß Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale: a) Das Zwischenprodukt (1) besteht aus einem langgestreckten Metallblock, vorzugsweise mit etwa rechteckigem oder pa­rallelogrammförmigem Querschnitt, dessen Länge (f) 5 bis 30 %, vorzugsweise etwa 20 % größer als die Länge (a) der herzustellenden Schaufel ist. b) Die Saugseitenkontur, die Fußkontur und die Kopfkontur der Schaufel sind ganz oder teilweise in den Metallblock hineingeschliffen, wobei sowohl an der Fuß- wie an der Kopf­seite Reststücke (7, 8) mit dem ursprünglichen Querschnitt des Stahlblockes überstehen. c) Die Längenmaße der Fußkontur und der Kopfkontur überschrei­ten geringfügig die tatsächlich herzustellenden Maße, vor­zugsweise um mindestens die Schnittbreite einer Säge- oder Schneideinrichtung. 7. Intermediate product (1) for a turbomachine blade, in particular produced by a method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the following features: a) The intermediate product (1) consists of an elongated metal block, preferably with an approximately rectangular or parallelogram-shaped cross section, the length (f) of which is 5 to 30%, preferably approximately 20% greater than the length (a) of the blade to be produced. b) The suction side contour, the foot contour and the head contour of the blade are wholly or partially ground into the metal block, with residual pieces (7, 8) with the original cross section of the steel block protruding both on the foot and on the head side. c) The length dimensions of the foot contour and the head contour slightly exceed the dimensions actually to be produced, preferably by at least the cutting width of a sawing or cutting device. 8. Zwischenprodukt nach Anspruch 7, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der Überstand (d, e) der Rest­stücke (8, 9) an der Fuß- bzw. Kopfseite mindestens 2 mm be­trägt.8. Intermediate product according to claim 7, characterized in that the projection (d, e) of the remnants (8, 9) on the foot or head side is at least 2 mm. 9. Zwischenprodukt nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Übermaß (b, c) der Fuß-­bzw. Kopfkontur zwischen 0,5 und 4 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 3 mm beträgt.9. Intermediate product according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the excess (b, c) of the foot or. Head contour is between 0.5 and 4 mm, preferably about 3 mm. 10. Zwischenprodukt nach Anspruch 7, 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckseite (5) der Schau­fel zumindest bis zur Verbindungsebene zwischen Anström- und Abströmkante vorgeschliffen ist.10. Intermediate product according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the pressure side (5) of the blade is pre-ground at least up to the connecting plane between the leading and trailing edge. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4 zur Herstellung eines Zwischenproduktes gemäß Anspruch 7, 8, 9 oder 10, gekenn­zeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: a) Ein langgestreckter Metallblock mit vorzugsweise etwa rechteckigem oder prallelogrammförmigem Querschnitt wird an seinen beiden Enden eingespannt. b) Durch Rotation um die Längsachse des Metallblockes, und Translation relativ zu einer schnell rotierenden Schleif­scheibe werden die Konturen von Saugseite (4), Schaufelfuß (2) und Schaufelkopf (3) in den Metallblock geschliffen, wobei durch Verkippen des Metallblockes um einen bestimmten Winkel auch eine radiale Verjüngung der Schaufel ohne Ände­rung der Einspannung hergestellt werden kann. 11. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 for producing an intermediate product according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized by the following process steps: a) An elongated metal block with a preferably approximately rectangular or prallelogram cross section is clamped at both ends. b) The contours of the suction side (4), blade root (2) and blade head (3) are ground into the metal block by rotating around the longitudinal axis of the metal block and translation relative to a rapidly rotating grinding wheel, by tilting the metal block by a certain angle a radial taper of the blade can also be produced without changing the clamping.
EP88105239A 1987-05-04 1988-03-31 Method for manufacturing sections by grinding, and turbine blades so manufactured Expired - Lifetime EP0290773B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88105239T ATE63709T1 (en) 1987-05-04 1988-03-31 METHOD OF MAKING PROFILE PARTS BY GRINDING AND TURBO ENGINE BLADES MADE ACCORDINGLY.

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DE3714805 1987-05-04
DE3714805 1987-05-04

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EP0290773B1 EP0290773B1 (en) 1991-05-22

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EP (1) EP0290773B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63288631A (en)
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DE (1) DE3862891D1 (en)

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DE102004021866A1 (en) * 2004-05-04 2005-12-01 Weigl Engineering Gmbh Control of a machine tool such that the volumetric removal is constant
WO2014195634A1 (en) * 2013-06-05 2014-12-11 Snecma Turbine engine blade preform

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US7846010B2 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-12-07 United Technologies Corporation Notched grind wheel and method to manufacture a rotor blade retention slot
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DE102004021866A1 (en) * 2004-05-04 2005-12-01 Weigl Engineering Gmbh Control of a machine tool such that the volumetric removal is constant
WO2014195634A1 (en) * 2013-06-05 2014-12-11 Snecma Turbine engine blade preform
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ATE63709T1 (en) 1991-06-15
JPS63288631A (en) 1988-11-25
EP0290773B1 (en) 1991-05-22
US5330326A (en) 1994-07-19
US5205081A (en) 1993-04-27
DE3862891D1 (en) 1991-06-27

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