EP0289341A2 - Pitch control aid - Google Patents
Pitch control aid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0289341A2 EP0289341A2 EP88303917A EP88303917A EP0289341A2 EP 0289341 A2 EP0289341 A2 EP 0289341A2 EP 88303917 A EP88303917 A EP 88303917A EP 88303917 A EP88303917 A EP 88303917A EP 0289341 A2 EP0289341 A2 EP 0289341A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tannin
- cationically modified
- paper
- modified tannin
- pitch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/02—Agents for preventing deposition on the paper mill equipment, e.g. pitch or slime control
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/02—Material of vegetable origin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/07—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/04—Pitch control
Definitions
- This invention relates to the control of pitch in the manufacture of paper.
- pitch can accumulate in paper making causing significant problems.
- “Pitch” is the term used to describe the sticky materials which appear in paper making; these can be derived from the wood from which the paper is made.
- "pitch” is now used also as a general term for anionic debris for example the ink or adhesive present in recycled paper.
- the pitch can accumulate at various points in the system. For example it can block the felt causing it to pick holes in the paper and thus hinder drainage of the paper web. In addition, it can adhere to the wires or drying cylinders.
- the present invention provides a method for the control of pitch in an aqueous systems used in paper making which comprises adding to the system a cationically modified tannin.
- the cationically modified tannins which can be used in the present invention are derived from tannin, an amino compound which contains, or is capable of generating, a primary amino group, and an aldehyde or a compound which can generate an aldehydic group.
- the tannin component can be obtained from the various wood and vegetation materials found throughout the world. Tannins are a large group of water-soluble, complex organic compounds. Almost every tree or shrub that grows contains some tannins in the leaves, twigs, barks, wood or fruit. Examples of barks are wattle, mangrove, oak, eucalyptus, hemlock, pine, larch and willow. Examples of woods are the quebracho, chestnut, oak and urunday. Examples of fruits are myrobalans, valonia, divi-divi, tara, and algarrobilla. Examples of leaves are sumac and gambier and examples of roots are canaigre and palmetto. Among the preferred materials is the quebracho wood. A spray-dried quebracho powder is commercially available.
- Condensed tannin extracts are those manufactured from the bark of the black wattle tree (or mimosa tannin of commerce), from the wood of the quebracho tree (Spanish: Quebra hacha, axe-breaker,) from the bark of the hemlock tree, and from the bark of several commonly used pine species.
- the preparation of wattle and quebracho extracts is a well established industrial practice and such extracts are freely available in considerable amounts.
- Condensed tannin extracts such as wattle and quebracho
- Condensed tannin extracts are composed of approximately 70% polyphenolic tannins, 20% to 25% nontannins, mainly simple sugars and polymeric carbohydrates (hydrocolloid gums), the latter of which usually constitute 3% to 6% of the extract and heavily contribute to extract viscosity, while the balance is accounted for by a low percentage of moisture.
- polyphenolic tannins 20% to 25% nontannins
- nontannins mainly simple sugars and polymeric carbohydrates (hydrocolloid gums)
- hydrocolloid gums hydrocolloid gums
- the main polyphenolic pattern in quebracho tannins is represented by flavonoid analogues based on resorcinol A and pyrogallol B rings as shown in Formula 1 below:
- the second component of the reaction is an aldehyde.
- a preferred material is formaldehyde which can be used in the form of a 37% active formaldehyde solution. This is also commercially available as formalin which is an aqueous solution of 37% formaldehyde which has been stabilized with from 6-15% methanol.
- Other commercial grades of formaldehyde and its polymers could be used. Such commercial grades include 44, 45 and 50% low-methanol formaldehyde, solutions of formaldehyde in methyl, propyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl alcohol, paraformaldehyde and trioxane.
- aldehyde-containing reactants which can be used include organic chemical compounds which contain at least one aldehyde group therein, for example acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, glyoxylic acid and polyaldehydes (i.e., organic compounds having more than one aldehyde group in the compound) such as glyoxal and paraformaldehyde.
- suitable reactants include aldehyde-generating agents i.e.
- aldehyde group in situ such as melamine-formaldehyde monomeric products such as tri and hexa(methylol) melamine and the tri and hexa (C1-C3 alkoxymethyl)melamine.
- melamine-formaldehyde monomeric products such as tri and hexa(methylol) melamine and the tri and hexa (C1-C3 alkoxymethyl)melamine.
- Such materials can be formed by known conventional methods.
- the alkyl blocked derivatives are commercially available, are stable to self polymerization and are, therefore, preferred.
- the third component for the reaction product is an amino compound such as ammonia as, for example, ammonium chloride or a primary or secondary amine or amide compound, such as monoethanolamine, methylamine and ethylamine.
- an amino compound such as ammonia as, for example, ammonium chloride or a primary or secondary amine or amide compound, such as monoethanolamine, methylamine and ethylamine.
- the product obtained is believed to consist of a polymeric substance which has been modified by a "Mannich” reaction.
- Mannich reaction an aldehyde is condensed with an amino compound and an active hydrogen supplied by the polyphenolic tannin.
- the structure of tannin is not completely known, it is believed the reaction product can be approximated by the following recurring structure: where CHR′ is the remainder of the aldehyde compound of formula CHOR′ after the carbonyl oxygen has left and R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or other organic moieties that were part of the original amino compound.
- the molecular weight of a repeating tannin unit is assumed to be approximately 300.
- the molar ratio of the primary amine to the tannin repeating unit is suitably from 1.5:1 to 3.0:1.
- Particularly preferred materials used in the present invention include amino methylated crosslinked tannins which can be obtained using formaldehyde and ammonium chloride and, typically, quebracho tannin powder. These may be formed as a salt e.g. acetate, formate or hydrochloride or quaternised.
- Cationically modified tannins for use in the present invention can be prepared as described in, for example, British Application No. 8501734.
- the cationically modified tannins generally have a relatively low molecular weight, generally not greater than 100,000.
- Preferred materials have a molecular weight from 20,000 to 30,000.
- the cationically modified tannin is generally added to the aqueous system with the furnish containing the paper pulp but it is possible to add it at different points in the system depending on the precise nature of the problem.
- the pulp will generally be present in an amount from 0.5 to 10%, more usually 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the water.
- the amount of cationic tannin required will, of course, depend to some extent on the nature of the wood or other materialused to prepare the paper pulp. Also some tannin once added will tend to recirculate in the system thus requiring a lower addition rate. In general, however, from 0.025 to 10 kg of tannin is required per tonne of dry paper fibre. Preferably, the amount is 0.5 to 3 kg per tonne. However, in cases where the tannin is required to neutralize anionic dissolved materials, even higher amounts may be desirable, for example up to 50,000 grams, and especially from 1,500 to 15,000 grams, per tonne fibre depending on the process by which the fibres are produced (see, for example, Progr. Colloid & Polymer Sci.
- Fibres produced by a mechanical process generally require a higher addition than fibre prepared by a chemical process. It is, of course, also possible to only partly neutralize the total amount of dissolved anionic materials. In such cases amounts from as little as, say, 10 grams per tonne of paper may be effective.
- the tannin is preferably pre-diluted with water, generally to a concentration below 10% by weight and preferably 1 to 5 % by weight.
- biocides include those in the following classes:
- Suitable paper making additives include starch, for example potato or corn starch, titanium dioxide, a de-foamer such as a fatty acid alcohol, a size, for example a rosin size based on abietic acid, a neutral size based on alkyl ketene dimer or a succinic acid anhydride based size and a wet strength resin such as, if neutral, an epichlorohydrin polyamide or, if acid, a melamine- or urea-formaldehyde resin.
- a de-foamer such as a fatty acid alcohol
- a size for example a rosin size based on abietic acid, a neutral size based on alkyl ketene dimer or a succinic acid anhydride based size
- a wet strength resin such as, if neutral, an epichlorohydrin polyamide or, if acid, a melamine- or urea-formaldehyde resin.
- the pH of the furnish was adjusted to either 5.0 or 6.0 with hydrochloric acid.
- the furnish was then divided into various portions and to each was added a different concentration of cationic modified tannin (an amino-methylated crosslinked tannin) as an aqueous solution containing about 27.5% by weight.
- the various furnishes were then placed in a Dynamic Paper Chemistry Jar Mark III supplied by the Paper Chemistry Laboratory Limited of New York U.S.A.
- the filtrate of white water from the jar was then collected for each individual addition of cationic modified tannin and the pitch content measured in a haemocytometer cell on an optical microscope.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to the control of pitch in the manufacture of paper.
- It is well known that "pitch" can accumulate in paper making causing significant problems. "Pitch" is the term used to describe the sticky materials which appear in paper making; these can be derived from the wood from which the paper is made. However, nowadays when more recycled paper is used, "pitch" is now used also as a general term for anionic debris for example the ink or adhesive present in recycled paper. The pitch can accumulate at various points in the system. For example it can block the felt causing it to pick holes in the paper and thus hinder drainage of the paper web. In addition, it can adhere to the wires or drying cylinders.
- Many materials have been used in attempt to eliminate this problem. Such materials include inorganic treatments such as talc and anionic dispersants. However, conventional dispersants can be ineffective in a closed system as there can be a build-up of "pitch". In such systems the pitch particles have to be removed from the water system in a controlled way without being allowed to accumulate on the felt or rolls or, for example, the pipe work used in the paper making machinery.
- It has now been found, according to the present invention, that cationically modified tannins are effective for this purpose. In effect, the addition of such tannins is believed to cause the pitch particles to deposit on the paper web in such a finely divided form that they are neither noticeable nor cause problems regarding machine runnability. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the control of pitch in an aqueous systems used in paper making which comprises adding to the system a cationically modified tannin.
- In general, the cationically modified tannins which can be used in the present invention are derived from tannin, an amino compound which contains, or is capable of generating, a primary amino group, and an aldehyde or a compound which can generate an aldehydic group.
- The tannin component can be obtained from the various wood and vegetation materials found throughout the world. Tannins are a large group of water-soluble, complex organic compounds. Almost every tree or shrub that grows contains some tannins in the leaves, twigs, barks, wood or fruit. Examples of barks are wattle, mangrove, oak, eucalyptus, hemlock, pine, larch and willow. Examples of woods are the quebracho, chestnut, oak and urunday. Examples of fruits are myrobalans, valonia, divi-divi, tara, and algarrobilla. Examples of leaves are sumac and gambier and examples of roots are canaigre and palmetto. Among the preferred materials is the quebracho wood. A spray-dried quebracho powder is commercially available.
- These natural tannins can be categorized into the traditional "hydrolyzable" tannins and "condensed tannins" as disclosed by A. Pizzi in "Condensed Tannins for Adhesives", Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1982, 21, 359-369. Condensed tannin extracts are those manufactured from the bark of the black wattle tree (or mimosa tannin of commerce), from the wood of the quebracho tree (Spanish: Quebra hacha, axe-breaker,) from the bark of the hemlock tree, and from the bark of several commonly used pine species. The preparation of wattle and quebracho extracts is a well established industrial practice and such extracts are freely available in considerable amounts.
- Condensed tannin extracts, such as wattle and quebracho, are composed of approximately 70% polyphenolic tannins, 20% to 25% nontannins, mainly simple sugars and polymeric carbohydrates (hydrocolloid gums), the latter of which usually constitute 3% to 6% of the extract and heavily contribute to extract viscosity, while the balance is accounted for by a low percentage of moisture. Although the exact structure is not known, it is believed that the main polyphenolic pattern in quebracho tannins is represented by flavonoid analogues based on resorcinol A and pyrogallol B rings as shown in Formula 1 below:
- The second component of the reaction is an aldehyde. A preferred material is formaldehyde which can be used in the form of a 37% active formaldehyde solution. This is also commercially available as formalin which is an aqueous solution of 37% formaldehyde which has been stabilized with from 6-15% methanol. Other commercial grades of formaldehyde and its polymers could be used. Such commercial grades include 44, 45 and 50% low-methanol formaldehyde, solutions of formaldehyde in methyl, propyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl alcohol, paraformaldehyde and trioxane.
- Other aldehyde-containing reactants which can be used include organic chemical compounds which contain at least one aldehyde group therein, for example acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, glyoxylic acid and polyaldehydes (i.e., organic compounds having more than one aldehyde group in the compound) such as glyoxal and paraformaldehyde. Other suitable reactants include aldehyde-generating agents i.e. known organic compounds capable of forming an aldehyde group in situ, such as melamine-formaldehyde monomeric products such as tri and hexa(methylol) melamine and the tri and hexa (C₁-C₃ alkoxymethyl)melamine. Such materials can be formed by known conventional methods. The alkyl blocked derivatives are commercially available, are stable to self polymerization and are, therefore, preferred.
- The third component for the reaction product is an amino compound such as ammonia as, for example, ammonium chloride or a primary or secondary amine or amide compound, such as monoethanolamine, methylamine and ethylamine.
- The product obtained is believed to consist of a polymeric substance which has been modified by a "Mannich" reaction. In the Mannich reaction an aldehyde is condensed with an amino compound and an active hydrogen supplied by the polyphenolic tannin. Although the structure of tannin is not completely known, it is believed the reaction product can be approximated by the following recurring structure:
R₁ and R₂ are independently hydrogen or other organic moieties that were part of the original amino compound. - According to this theory the molecular weight of a repeating tannin unit is assumed to be approximately 300. The molar ratio of the primary amine to the tannin repeating unit is suitably from 1.5:1 to 3.0:1.
- Particularly preferred materials used in the present invention include amino methylated crosslinked tannins which can be obtained using formaldehyde and ammonium chloride and, typically, quebracho tannin powder. These may be formed as a salt e.g. acetate, formate or hydrochloride or quaternised.
- Cationically modified tannins for use in the present invention can be prepared as described in, for example, British Application No. 8501734.
- The cationically modified tannins generally have a relatively low molecular weight, generally not greater than 100,000. Preferred materials have a molecular weight from 20,000 to 30,000.
- The cationically modified tannin is generally added to the aqueous system with the furnish containing the paper pulp but it is possible to add it at different points in the system depending on the precise nature of the problem.
- The pulp will generally be present in an amount from 0.5 to 10%, more usually 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the water.
- The amount of cationic tannin required will, of course, depend to some extent on the nature of the wood or other materialused to prepare the paper pulp. Also some tannin once added will tend to recirculate in the system thus requiring a lower addition rate. In general, however, from 0.025 to 10 kg of tannin is required per tonne of dry paper fibre. Preferably, the amount is 0.5 to 3 kg per tonne. However, in cases where the tannin is required to neutralize anionic dissolved materials, even higher amounts may be desirable, for example up to 50,000 grams, and especially from 1,500 to 15,000 grams, per tonne fibre depending on the process by which the fibres are produced (see, for example, Progr. Colloid & Polymer Sci. 65, 251-264 (1978) for a discussion of the amounts of anionic material likely to be present). Fibres produced by a mechanical process generally require a higher addition than fibre prepared by a chemical process. It is, of course, also possible to only partly neutralize the total amount of dissolved anionic materials. In such cases amounts from as little as, say, 10 grams per tonne of paper may be effective.
- Sometimes it can be preferred to spray the reaction product used in this invention onto a particular part of the pulp- or paper-making machinery such as the wire or press felts. In such cases, the tannin is preferably pre-diluted with water, generally to a concentration below 10% by weight and preferably 1 to 5 % by weight.
- In some instances it will be convenient to add the tannin together with a biocide and/or other paper-making additives. Examples of suitable biocides include those in the following classes:
- (i) a substituted 5 or 6 membered ring heterocyclic compound in which the hetero atom or atoms are one or more of nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur and the substituent is an alkyl group, a keto group or a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, such compounds include isothiazolones and in particular, those having the formula:
- (ii) a phenol or chlorinated phenol such as pentachlorophenol;
- (iii) an amine or amide including 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide;
- (iv) an organic cyanide or thiocyanate, particularly methylene bis(thiocyanates);
- (v) a sulphone including halosulphones, particularly hexachlorodimethylsulphone;
- (vi) a straight chain aliphatic aldehyde, particularly glutaraldehyde;
- (vii) a triazine, particularly thio and/or amino-substituted alkyl triazines;
- (viii) bis bromo acetoxy butene; and
- (ix) a dithiocarbamate, especially the monomethyl, dimethyl, monoethyl and diethyl derivatives, typically in the form of sodium salts.
- Suitable paper making additives include starch, for example potato or corn starch, titanium dioxide, a de-foamer such as a fatty acid alcohol, a size, for example a rosin size based on abietic acid, a neutral size based on alkyl ketene dimer or a succinic acid anhydride based size and a wet strength resin such as, if neutral, an epichlorohydrin polyamide or, if acid, a melamine- or urea-formaldehyde resin.
- The precise nature of the pH of the system is unimportant since the effectiveness of the cationic tannin is substantially unaffected by changes in pH.
- The following Example further illustrates the present invention.
- To a furnish containing 0.8% pitch free pulp was added a synthetic pitch to give between 1 x 10⁷ pitch particles per ml as measured in a haemocytometer cell on an optical microscope. The synthetic pitch used had the following composition by weight:
20% Oleic acid
5% Potassium hydroxide
75% Ethanol - For the purposes of the test, the pH of the furnish was adjusted to either 5.0 or 6.0 with hydrochloric acid. The furnish was then divided into various portions and to each was added a different concentration of cationic modified tannin (an amino-methylated crosslinked tannin) as an aqueous solution containing about 27.5% by weight. The various furnishes were then placed in a Dynamic Paper Chemistry Jar Mark III supplied by the Paper Chemistry Laboratory Limited of New York U.S.A. The filtrate of white water from the jar was then collected for each individual addition of cationic modified tannin and the pitch content measured in a haemocytometer cell on an optical microscope.
- These results indicate the addition of cationic modified tannin to the furnish, results in a significant reduction in pitch particles in the filtrate or white water. This proves the cationic modified tannin to be a pitch control aid capable of preventing accumulation of pitch in the paper machine system.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8710448A GB2205591B (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1987-05-01 | Pitch control aid |
GB8710448 | 1987-05-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0289341A2 true EP0289341A2 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
EP0289341A3 EP0289341A3 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
Family
ID=10616748
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88303917A Ceased EP0289341A3 (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1988-04-29 | Pitch control aid |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4964952A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0289341A3 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1288907C (en) |
FI (1) | FI882029A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2205591B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA883030B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4995944A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-02-26 | Dearborn Chemical Company Ltd. | Controlling deposits on paper machine felts using cationic polymer and cationic surfactant mixture |
US5223097A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1993-06-29 | W. R. Grace Ab | Method for controlling pitch on a paper-making machine |
EP0551970A1 (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-21 | Grace Dearborn Inc. | Pitch control |
US5626720A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1997-05-06 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Method for controlling pitch on a papermaking machine |
EP0778244A1 (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-11 | Betzdearborn Europe, Inc. | Methods for inhibiting the production of slime in aqueous systems |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5830315A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 1998-11-03 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Treatment of Aqueous systems using a chemically modified tannin |
US5695652A (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-12-09 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Methods for inhibiting the production of slime in aqueous systems |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2152945A (en) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-14 | Dearborn Chemicals Co | Stable tannin based polymer |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2356151A (en) * | 1941-04-09 | 1944-08-22 | Resinous Prod & Chemical Co | Polyphenylol alkane resins |
US3081219A (en) * | 1960-02-10 | 1963-03-12 | Rohm & Haas | Prevention of deposition of pitch in papermaking |
GB899721A (en) * | 1960-09-01 | 1962-06-27 | Natal Tanning Extract Company | Process for flocculating suspensions |
US3154466A (en) * | 1961-12-01 | 1964-10-27 | Nopco Chem Co | Pitch control in paper making with xylene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates |
SE309531B (en) * | 1968-01-30 | 1969-03-24 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | |
US3582461A (en) * | 1968-02-14 | 1971-06-01 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Pitch control in pulp and papermaking processes |
US3632507A (en) * | 1970-06-30 | 1972-01-04 | Standard Brands Chem Ind Inc | Flocculation of particles dispersed in aqueous media and flocculants used therein |
US3784649A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1974-01-08 | Buckman Labor Inc | High molecular weight ionene polymeric compositions |
US3748220A (en) * | 1972-04-07 | 1973-07-24 | A Gard | Pitch stabilization in papermaking |
US4166894A (en) * | 1974-01-25 | 1979-09-04 | Calgon Corporation | Functional ionene compositions and their use |
US3992249A (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1976-11-16 | American Cyanamid Company | Control of pulp-paper mill pitch deposits |
US4253912A (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1981-03-03 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Deposit control through the use of oligomeric phosphonic acid derivatives |
US4250269A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1981-02-10 | Buckman Laboratories, Inc. | Water-soluble mixtures of quaternary ammonium polymers, nonionic and/or cationic vinyl-addition polymers, and nonionic and/or cationic surfactants |
AU8854682A (en) * | 1981-11-27 | 1983-06-02 | Buckman Laboratories Inc. | Quaternary ammonium graft polymers |
CH660015A5 (en) * | 1982-02-01 | 1987-03-13 | Sandoz Ag | PREPARATIONS CONTAINING POLYMER AND SURFACTANTS, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE. |
US4506081A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1985-03-19 | Buckman Laboratories, Inc. | Polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds and their uses |
IE55674B1 (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1990-12-19 | Blue Circle Ind Plc | Compositions comprising mineral particles in suspension and method of treating aqueous systems therewith |
JPS59223392A (en) * | 1983-05-30 | 1984-12-15 | 花王株式会社 | Deinking agent for regenerating used paper |
JPS6155294A (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1986-03-19 | 株式会社片山化学工業研究所 | Pitch dispersant |
-
1987
- 1987-05-01 GB GB8710448A patent/GB2205591B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-04-28 CA CA000565339A patent/CA1288907C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-28 ZA ZA883030A patent/ZA883030B/en unknown
- 1988-04-28 US US07/187,628 patent/US4964952A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-29 EP EP88303917A patent/EP0289341A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-04-29 FI FI882029A patent/FI882029A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2152945A (en) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-14 | Dearborn Chemicals Co | Stable tannin based polymer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
TAPPI, vol. 63, no. 2, February 1980, pages 81-87, Atlanta, US; L.H. ALLEN: "Mechanisms and control of pitch deposition in newsprint mills" * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5223097A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1993-06-29 | W. R. Grace Ab | Method for controlling pitch on a paper-making machine |
US5626720A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1997-05-06 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Method for controlling pitch on a papermaking machine |
US4995944A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-02-26 | Dearborn Chemical Company Ltd. | Controlling deposits on paper machine felts using cationic polymer and cationic surfactant mixture |
EP0551970A1 (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-21 | Grace Dearborn Inc. | Pitch control |
EP0778244A1 (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-11 | Betzdearborn Europe, Inc. | Methods for inhibiting the production of slime in aqueous systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4964952A (en) | 1990-10-23 |
FI882029A0 (en) | 1988-04-29 |
GB8710448D0 (en) | 1987-06-03 |
GB2205591A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
CA1288907C (en) | 1991-09-17 |
ZA883030B (en) | 1988-11-01 |
EP0289341A3 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
GB2205591B (en) | 1990-03-07 |
FI882029A (en) | 1988-11-02 |
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