EP0288657A1 - Sub-calibre projectile - Google Patents
Sub-calibre projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0288657A1 EP0288657A1 EP88100568A EP88100568A EP0288657A1 EP 0288657 A1 EP0288657 A1 EP 0288657A1 EP 88100568 A EP88100568 A EP 88100568A EP 88100568 A EP88100568 A EP 88100568A EP 0288657 A1 EP0288657 A1 EP 0288657A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sabot
- projectile
- air pocket
- guide part
- sub
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
- F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
- F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
- Such projectiles are known, for example, from Rheinmetall's book “Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch", 4th edition Düsseldorf 1977, page 472 ff.
- the sabots have an abrupt front wall profile, air pockets being located in the front wall.
- the air pockets support the detachment of the sabot segments by, in addition to the centrifugal force acting radially, the air resistance force also acting on the segments.
- the general rule is that the drive cages should be as light as possible so that the acceleration process in the pipe is not countered by excessive mass. In addition, the detachment process should not be inhibited by excessive inertia.
- the present invention has for its object to develop a sub-caliber projectile of the type mentioned in such a way that the smallest possible mass is required even with relatively long sabot cages, and that the detachment of the sabot segments takes place quickly after leaving the tube and without disturbing the flight behavior of the projectile core .
- the invention is therefore essentially based on the idea that the projectile core is guided beyond the usually used first air pocket by a preferably conical guide part.
- the guide part In order to significantly improve the detachment of the entire sabot, the guide part also has an air pocket.
- 1 denotes a wing-stabilized sub-caliber projectile.
- This projectile consists of the projectile core 20 and of the sabot 30.
- This sabot is, for example, rotationally symmetrical and usually consists of three identical segments in the circumferential direction, which are separated by predetermined breaking points (not shown).
- the sabot 30 contains a first air pocket in its front part 31. In front of this air pocket there is a conically shaped guide part 32, at the front end 33 of which there is a second air pocket 34. As is usual with large-caliber projectiles, the front part 21 of the projectile core 20 protrudes from the sabot 30.
- the operation of the sabot 30 without the guide member 32 is known per se.
- the air forces act primarily on the front part of the sabot 30, so that there is first a tearing open at the predetermined breaking points, not shown.
- the sabot segments therefore separate from the bow-side to the rear-side part of the floor core.
- the strength of the predetermined breaking points must be so great that there is still no detachment of the guide part segments along the predetermined breaking line (not shown) in the tube itself, because otherwise the property of the guide part, namely guiding the projectile core inside the tube, is lost.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein unterkalibriges Geschoß wie es im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 näher definiert ist.The invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
Derartige Geschosse sind beispielsweise aus dem Buch von Rheinmetall "Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch", 4. Auflage Düsseldorf 1977, Seite 472 ff, bekannt. Insbesondere bei großkalibrigen Geschossen, d. h. bei Geschossen, wie sie beispielsweise aus Panzerkanonen verschossen werden, weisen die Treibkäfige einen sprunghaften vorderen Wandverlauf auf, wobei sich in der vorderen Wand Lufttaschen befinden. Diese sollen bei Geschossen, welche aus Glattrohrkanonen verschossen werden, die Ablösung des Treibkäfigs nach Verlassen des Rohres einleiten. Bei drallstabilisierten Geschossen unterstützen die Lufttaschen die Ablösung der Treibkäfigsegmente, indem zusätzlich zu der radial wirkenden Fliehkraft noch die Luftwiderstandskraft an den Segmenten angreift.Such projectiles are known, for example, from Rheinmetall's book "Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch", 4th edition Düsseldorf 1977, page 472 ff. In particular in the case of large-caliber projectiles, ie projectiles such as those fired from armored cannons, the sabots have an abrupt front wall profile, air pockets being located in the front wall. In the case of projectiles which are fired from smooth-tube cannons, these are intended to initiate the detachment of the sabot after leaving the tube. In the case of swirl-stabilized projectiles, the air pockets support the detachment of the sabot segments by, in addition to the centrifugal force acting radially, the air resistance force also acting on the segments.
Ganz allgemein gilt, daß die Treibkäfige möglichst leicht sein sollen, um dem Beschleunigungsvorgang im Rohr keine zu hohe Masse entgegenzusetzen. Außerdem soll der Ablösevorgang nicht durch zu große Trägheit gehemmt werden.The general rule is that the drive cages should be as light as possible so that the acceleration process in the pipe is not countered by excessive mass. In addition, the detachment process should not be inhibited by excessive inertia.
Da es häufig erforderlich ist, relativ lange Treibkäfige zu verwenden, ergeben sich auch relativ hohe Treibkäfigmassen. Dieses gilt insbesondere bei Pfeilgeschossen mit hoher Querschnittsbelastung (hohem Verhältnis von Geschoßmasse zu seinem Querschnitt), bei denen die Treibkäfige eine sehr genaue Führung des Geschoßkerns im Rohr übernehmen müssen.Since it is often necessary to use relatively long sabot cages, there are also relatively large sabot cages. This applies in particular to arrow projectiles with a high cross-sectional load (high ratio of projectile mass to its cross-section), in which the sabot cages must take over a very precise guidance of the projectile core in the tube.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein unterkalibriges Geschoß der eingangs erwähnten Art so weiterzuentwickeln, daß auch bei relativ langen Treibkäfigen eine möglichst geringe Masse erforderlich ist, und daß die Ablösung der Treibkäfigsegmente nach Verlassen des Rohres schnell und ohne Störung des Flugverhaltens des Geschoßkernes erfolgt.The present invention has for its object to develop a sub-caliber projectile of the type mentioned in such a way that the smallest possible mass is required even with relatively long sabot cages, and that the detachment of the sabot segments takes place quickly after leaving the tube and without disturbing the flight behavior of the projectile core .
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
Der Erfindung liegt also im wesentlichen der Gedanke zugrunde, daß eine Führung des Geschoßkerns noch über die üblicherweise verwendete erste Lufttasche hinaus durch ein vorzugsweise konisch ausgebildetes Führungsteil erfolgt. Um die Ablösung des gesamten Treibkäfigs wesentlich zu verbessern, besitzt auch das Führungsteil eine Lufttasche.The invention is therefore essentially based on the idea that the projectile core is guided beyond the usually used first air pocket by a preferably conical guide part. In order to significantly improve the detachment of the entire sabot, the guide part also has an air pocket.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand eines in einer Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.Further details and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in a figure.
In dieser Figur ist mit 1 ein flügelstabilisiertes unterkalibriges Geschoß bezeichnet. Dieses Geschoß besteht aus dem Geschoßkern 20 und aus dem Treibkäfig 30. Dieser Treibkäfig ist beispielsweise rotationssymmetrisch aufgebaut und besteht üblicherweise in Umfangsrichtung aus drei gleichen Segmenten, die durch Sollbruchstellen getrennt sind (nicht dargestellt).In this figure, 1 denotes a wing-stabilized sub-caliber projectile. This projectile consists of the
Der Treibkäfig 30 enthält in seinem vorderen Teil 31 eine erste Lufttasche. Vor dieser Lufttasche ist ein konisch ausgebildetes Führungsteil 32 vorhanden, an dessen vorderen Ende 33 sich eine zweite Lufttasche 34 befindet. Wie bei großkalibrigen Geschossen üblich, ragt der vordere Teil 21 des Geschoßkernes 20 aus dem Treibkäfig 30 heraus.The
Die Wirkungsweise des Treibkäfigs 30 ohne das Führungsteil 32 ist an sich bekannt. Die Luftkräfte wirken vor allem auf den vorderen Teil des Treibkäfigs 30, so daß hier zunächst ein Aufreißen an den nicht dargestellten Sollbruchstellen erfolgt. Die Treibkäfigsegmente lösen sich daher vom bugseitigen zum heckseitigen Teil des Geschoßkernes ab.The operation of the
Versuche haben nun gezeigt, daß bei einem konischen Führungsteil 32, das zum Geschoßkern hin ausläuft (vgl. die mit 35 bezeichnete gestrichelte Linie), ein wesentlich ungünstigeres Ablöseverhalten der Treibkäfige auftritt. Dieses wird vor allem verursacht durch den Staudruck, der entlang des konischen Mantels entsteht. Sieht man erfindungsgemäß die Lufttasche 34 vor, so werden die Luftkräfte entlang der Mantellinie des Führungsteiles 32 weitgehend durch die nach außen wirkenden Luftdruckkräfte in der Lufttasche 34 kompensiert.Experiments have now shown that with a
Allerdings muß die Festigkeit der Sollbruchstellen so groß sein, daß im Rohr selbst noch kein Ablösen der Führungsteilsegmente entlang der (nicht dargestellten) Sollbruchlinie erfolgt, weil anderenfalls die Eigenschaft des Führungsteiles, nämlich den Geschoßkern im Inneren des Rohres zu führen, verlorengeht.However, the strength of the predetermined breaking points must be so great that there is still no detachment of the guide part segments along the predetermined breaking line (not shown) in the tube itself, because otherwise the property of the guide part, namely guiding the projectile core inside the tube, is lost.
Selbstverständlich muß - wie bei bekannten Geschossen auch - mittels Windkanalversuchen bei jedem einzelnen Kaliber die optimale Länge des Treibkäfigs, aber auch der Abstand des Treibkäfigs von der Geschoßspitze ermittelt werden, um zu verhindern, daß es zu instationären Formen der Umströmung des Geschosses 1, insbesondere bei Überschallanströmung, kommt. Im übrigen hat sich gezeigt, daß durch die Lufttasche 34 eine Abminderung dieser instationären Strömungsformen erreicht werden kann, da sie einen definierten Anlegepunkt für einen Verdichtungsstoß darstellt.Of course - as with known bullets - the optimal length of the sabot, but also the distance of the sabot from the projectile tip, must be determined by wind tunnel tests to prevent unsteady flow around the bullet 1, especially with Supersonic flow comes. Moreover, it has been shown that the
Claims (2)
- der Treibkäfig (30) besitzt ein in Flugrichtung des Geschosses (1) vor der ersten Lufttasche (31) angeordnetes Führungsteil (32);
- am vorderen Ende des Führungsteiles (32) ist eine zweite Lufttasche (34) vorgesehen.1. Sub-caliber projectile (1) with a projectile core (20) and a sabot (30), the front part (21) of the projectile core (20) protruding from the sabot (30) and the sabot (30) a first air pocket ( 31) which detach the sabot (30) from the projectile core (20) - or to assist with spin-stabilized projectiles -. characterized by the characteristics
- The sabot (30) has a guide part (32) arranged in the direction of flight of the projectile (1) in front of the first air pocket (31);
- At the front end of the guide part (32), a second air pocket (34) is provided.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873713721 DE3713721A1 (en) | 1987-04-24 | 1987-04-24 | SUB-CALIBRARY FLOOR |
DE3713721 | 1987-04-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0288657A1 true EP0288657A1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
EP0288657B1 EP0288657B1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
Family
ID=6326205
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88100568A Expired - Lifetime EP0288657B1 (en) | 1987-04-24 | 1988-01-16 | Sub-calibre projectile |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0288657B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63273795A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3713721A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230358518A1 (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-11-09 | Raytheon Company | Sabot or cover for seekers, sensitive windows and surface elements on gun launched munitions |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3930255A1 (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-03-21 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Countering transverse vibration of slender penetrator with sabot - by terminal projecting struts abutting missile wall |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3318972A1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-01 | Aktiebolaget Bofors, 69180 Bofors | DRIVING ELEMENT FOR A SUB-CALIBRAL FLOOR |
US4469027A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1984-09-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Armor piercing ammunition having interlocking means |
-
1987
- 1987-04-24 DE DE19873713721 patent/DE3713721A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-01-16 DE DE8888100568T patent/DE3862230D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-16 EP EP88100568A patent/EP0288657B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-31 JP JP63076632A patent/JPS63273795A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3318972A1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-01 | Aktiebolaget Bofors, 69180 Bofors | DRIVING ELEMENT FOR A SUB-CALIBRAL FLOOR |
US4469027A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1984-09-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Armor piercing ammunition having interlocking means |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230358518A1 (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-11-09 | Raytheon Company | Sabot or cover for seekers, sensitive windows and surface elements on gun launched munitions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0288657B1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
JPS63273795A (en) | 1988-11-10 |
DE3713721A1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
DE3862230D1 (en) | 1991-05-08 |
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