EP0288505B1 - Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0288505B1
EP0288505B1 EP87906819A EP87906819A EP0288505B1 EP 0288505 B1 EP0288505 B1 EP 0288505B1 EP 87906819 A EP87906819 A EP 87906819A EP 87906819 A EP87906819 A EP 87906819A EP 0288505 B1 EP0288505 B1 EP 0288505B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
extruder
process according
mass
gelatinised
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EP87906819A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0288505A1 (en
EP0288505B2 (en
Inventor
Günther NIEDERMEIER
Helmut Pausch
Wolfgang Miehling
Jürgen KNOBLOCH
Wolfgang Helmich
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WNC Nitrochemie GmbH
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WNC Nitrochemie GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0075—Shaping the mixture by extrusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing propellant charge powder, in particular dibasic POL powder, in which moist, in particular water-moist powder raw material is homogenized and gelatinized by kneading at elevated temperature, then the gelatinized mass is granulated and then the granules are pressed into powder strands, which are processed into the finished powder by cutting and, if necessary, a final treatment.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, which can be carried out continuously on the one hand, but on the other hand in a very reliable manner.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that an open, friction-operated shear roller is used for kneading, the raw powder mass being added continuously in the region of one end of the shear roller and at the other end by one of the two rollers of the shear roller a fur of the gelatinized mass is continuously removed; advantageous embodiments of this method emerge from the subclaims.
  • an open shear roller known per se is used for kneading.
  • the kneading process runs continuously on this.
  • the raw powder mass is continuously added in the area of one end of the shear roller and then gradually transported to the other end of the shear roller in the course of kneading.
  • the granulation process is directly connected to the kneading process. This can e.g. happen in such a way that by means of a pelletizing head at the removal end of the shear roller, granulate is punched directly out of the fur arriving there and transported away.
  • An extruder is preferably used to press the granules in connection with the process according to the invention.
  • the resulting granulate can be entered continuously in this. Then you have a production process that is completely continuous from the addition of the raw powder mass to the formation of the powder strands. Since no kneading with its high thermal and mechanical stress on the powder mass needs to take place or should not take place in the extruder used for the pressing, there are no unusual safety problems here either. It is particularly favorable here that the resulting granulate can be fed to the extruder directly from the shear roller while it is still warm. Since no long warm-up zones are then necessary in the extruder, this can be very short.
  • the amount of propellant powder contained in the extruder is correspondingly small, which is favorable for safety.
  • the energy costs required to heat the extruder are reduced. After all, warm powder is more plastic and deforms more easily under mechanical stress. The warm powder therefore reduces the risk of deflagration when the extruder is subjected to mechanical loads.
  • the powder is produced in the so-called semi-solvent process, solvent is metered into the warm granulate from the shear roller in the extruder when the invention is used.
  • the nitroguanidine will also be added at this point. The granulate is pasted by the solvent and nitroguanidine is incorporated into this dough.
  • the lowering of the temperature reduces the adhesion of the fur to the roller and thus increases the transport speed.
  • the temperature gradient can be up to 40 ° C.
  • propellant powder can be produced in a practically ideal manner.
  • the process can run completely continuously, can be remotely controlled and monitored, is far above average, also because there is always only a relatively small amount of product on the shear roller, and finally leads to a particularly high powder quality, especially with regard to stability.
  • the method according to the invention is explained in more detail below with further advantageous details using a drawing.
  • the only figure of the drawing shows schematically a shear roller or a shear roller plant and a downstream extruder for producing dibasic POL powder, i.e. Powder made in a solvent-free process.
  • the known shear roller or shear roller assembly 1 comprises two rollers 2 and 3 arranged horizontally next to one another, which are driven in opposite directions in the direction of arrows 4.
  • Each roller 2 and 3 has its own drive, which allows a stepless speed control, so that working with friction is possible over the entire speed range.
  • Hydrostatic drives are used for the hazardous area.
  • the rear roller 2 in the figure is set hydraulically against the front roller 3.
  • the nip can be adjusted to a width between 0.5 and 5 mm via the front roller 3.
  • Both rollers 2 and 3 can be heated from the inside to a temperature between 20 and 120 ° C by means of a heat transfer medium.
  • the rollers 2 and 3 are each provided with spiral shear grooves 5, which have a product-specific geometry that is expressed in the groove width, groove depth, pitch angle and number of shear grooves.
  • the scissor grooves 5 are designed so that the processed product is continuously transported from the front end in the figure, the feed end 6, to the rear discharge end 7.
  • a metering unit 9 is arranged, from which water-moist powder raw material for the production of dibasic POL powder, which has a moisture content of approx. 30%, is placed on the shear roller. There, the raw powder mass is kneaded in the nip. A coat of raw powder material is formed on the front roller 3 over the entire length of the roller. The two rollers are kept at an elevated temperature by means of the heat transfer medium. A kneaded product pool collects above the nip from which the water is pressed out.
  • the start of gelatinization with a gray-white coloration of the powder mass is evident.
  • the ground skin has already changed to a dark shade of gray.
  • the mass skin is gelatinized and appears transparent black.
  • the temperature, the nip width of the nip and thus also the nip pressure and the speeds of the two rollers 2 and 3 are selected so that the gelatinized powder skin still has a residual moisture content of approx. 1% at the end of the delivery.
  • the temperature of the two rollers is typically between 70 and 110 ° C.
  • the temperature of the rear roller is kept a few degrees lower than that of the front roller.
  • the fur sticks to the front their roller.
  • the temperature difference between feed end 6 and discharge end 7 is chosen so that the fur is transported everywhere at approximately the same speed.
  • a typical value for the temperature difference is 30 ° C.
  • the speed of the rollers should be between 30 and 70 rpm, the front roller on which the skin is located has the higher speed.
  • a suitable gradient of the shearing grooves 5 is between 30 to 60 0 to the roll axis.
  • the shear grooves have the same slope over the entire length of the shear roller. So it can be advantageous to make the slope of the scissor grooves near the feed end 6 smaller than near the discharge end 7 in order to initially achieve a relatively longer dwell time of the fur behind the feed end, which enables a good squeezing of the water.
  • the depth of the shear grooves is advantageously between 0.4 and 2.5 mm.
  • the total residence time of the raw powder mass on the shear roller should be between 3 and 8 minutes.
  • the still warm granules 8 fall into the receiving funnel 11 of an extruder 10, in which the granules are pressed into powder strands by a die 12.
  • the extruder 10 has only one screw conveyor 13 inside and no kneading elements.
  • the extruder is only shown schematically; in practice it can be a twin-screw extruder.
  • the powder strands which emerge continuously from the die or shaping nozzle 12 are transported in a manner not shown by means of a treadmill into a cutting space and are continuously cut there to form the actual powder, which is then optionally subjected to an aftertreatment.
  • the extruder should have a length of at least 20 cm and be heatable and coolable.
  • the shear roller 1 There are only 2-3 kg of powder on the shear roller 1. This is very convenient for security.
  • the two rollers 2 and 3 are self-cleaning, so that a quick product change is possible.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

In order to produce bivalent powder for propulsive charges by the solvent-free process, the rough mixture of damp powder is kneaded at a high temperature in a shear cylinder, to which the mixture is continually fed and on an end face of which the gelled mixture is continually removed and immediately granulated in a continuous manner. The granulate obtained is continuously fed to an extruding machine by means of which it is coiled in the form of powder strips which are converted, by cutting and finishing treatment, into a finished powdery product. This process offers the dual advantage of combining entirely continuous operation with a high degree of reliability.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Treibladungspulver, insbesondere von zweibasigem POL-Pulver, bei welchem feuchte, insbesondere wasserfeuchte Pulverrohmasse durch Kneten bei erhöhter Temperatur homogenisiert und gelatiniert wird, anschließend die gelatinierte Masse granuliert und dann das Granulat durch Pressen in Pulverstränge überführt wird, die durch Schneiden und ggf. eine Endbehandlung zum fertigen Pulver verarbeitet werden.The invention relates to a method for producing propellant charge powder, in particular dibasic POL powder, in which moist, in particular water-moist powder raw material is homogenized and gelatinized by kneading at elevated temperature, then the gelatinized mass is granulated and then the granules are pressed into powder strands, which are processed into the finished powder by cutting and, if necessary, a final treatment.

Es ist üblich, die Pulverrohmasse zum Homogenisieren und Gelatinieren bzw. Plastifizieren mittels Kalanderwalzen zu kneten. Dies ist jedoch nicht kontinuierlich, sondern nur chargenweise möglich. Auf einer der beiden Walzen des Kalanders entsteht ein Fell, das erst zu Ende geknetet und dann vollständig abgenommen werden muß, bevor neue Pulverrohmasse zugeführt werden kann.It is customary to knead the raw powder material for homogenizing and gelatinizing or plasticizing using calender rolls. However, this is not continuous, but only possible in batches. On one of the two rollers of the calender a skin is created which has to be kneaded to the end and then removed completely before new powder raw material can be added.

Es ist auch bekannt, den Knetvorgang kontinuierlich zu führen, und zwar mittels eines Extruders, der Knetelemente enthält. Hierbei kann sich ggf. sogar innerhalb des gleichen Extruders der Preßvorgang nahtlos anschließen. Die Pulverrohmasse wird also in einem Zuge in Pulverstränge überführt. Es ist jedoch schwierig, den Extruder mit insbesondere wasserfeuchter Rohmasse in der richtigen Dosierung zu beschicken. Besonders kritisch ist es jedoch, daß die Pulverrnasse beim Kneten im Extruder in einem geschlossenen Raum hohen thermischen und mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt wird. Dies bedeutet ein erhebliches Sicherheitsrisiko. Bei einer Selbstentzündung kommt es zwangsläufig zur Explosion.It is also known to carry out the kneading process continuously, using an extruder which contains kneading elements. In this case, the pressing process may even follow seamlessly within the same extruder. The raw powder mass is thus converted into powder strands in one go. However, it is difficult to feed the extruder in the correct dosage, especially with water-moist raw material. However, it is particularly critical that the powder mass is subjected to high thermal and mechanical stresses when kneading in an extruder in a closed room. This means a significant security risk. In the event of spontaneous combustion, an explosion inevitably occurs.

Schließlich ist der Vorschlag bekanntgeworden (FR-A-1596363), wasserfeuchte Pulverrohmasse in einer sog. Verdampferschnecke zu homogenisieren und gelatinieren. Hierbei handeltes sich um eine an sich in der Kautschuk- und Kunststoffindustrie für Verdampfungsaufgaben eingesetzte Maschine, welche in einem nach oben zumindest teilweise offenen Trog mindestens eine, in der Regel jedoch mehrere und dann miteinander kämmende, drehbare Schnecken aufweist. In dieser Maschine wird die Pulverrohmasse in den Spalten zwischen den Schneckengängen sowie zwischen den Schnecken und der Gehäuseinnenwand kontinuierlich geknetet und weiter gefördert. Nahezu ebenso wie in einem geschlossenen Extruder besteht jedoch eine erhebliche Explosionsgefahr, weil auch bei dieser Maschine jedenfalls im Betrieb geschlossene Räume vorhanden sind, nämlich die Räume zwischen der oder den Schnecken und der Gehäuseinnenwand, die nach Außen durch die verarbeitete Masse selbst abgeschlossen sind. Außerdem ist das kontinuierliche Abführen des fertigen Pulvers sehr kompliziert, weil sich in der Verdampferschnecke, anders als bei einem Walzwerk, kein Fell ausbildet, das von einer Walze oder an einer Stelle abgenommen werden könnte. In der FR-A-1596363 ist über das Abführen nichts gesagt, außer daß man die Verdampferschnecke in einem Endabschnitt wie einen geschlossenen Extruder ausbilden könne, was dann aber die Explosionsgefährdung noch erhöhen würde.Finally, the proposal has become known (FR-A-1596363) to homogenize and gelatinize water-moist powder raw material in a so-called evaporator screw. This is a machine used in the rubber and plastics industry for evaporation tasks, which has at least one, but usually several, and then intermeshing, rotating screws in an upwardly open trough. In this machine, the raw powder mass in the gaps between the screw flights and between the screws and the inner wall of the housing is continuously kneaded and further conveyed. Almost as in a closed extruder, however, there is a considerable risk of explosion because this machine also has closed rooms in operation, namely the rooms between the screw or screws and the inner wall of the housing, which are closed to the outside by the processed mass itself. In addition, the continuous removal of the finished powder is very complicated because, unlike in a rolling mill, no fur is formed in the evaporator screw that could be removed from a roller or at one point. In FR-A-1596363 nothing is said about the discharge, except that the evaporator screw can be designed in one end section like a closed extruder, which would increase the risk of explosion.

Dementsprechend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welches sich einerseits kontinuierlich, andererseits aber in sehr betriebssicherer Weise durchführen läßt.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, which can be carried out continuously on the one hand, but on the other hand in a very reliable manner.

Ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Verfahren ist diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zum Kneten eine offene, mit Friktion betreibbare Scherwalze verwendet wird, wobei im Bereich des einen Stirnendes der Scherwalze die Pulverrohmasse kontinuierlich zugegeben und am anderen Stirnende von der einen der beiden Walzen der Scherwalze ein Fell der gelatinierten Masse kontinuierlich abgenommen wird; vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieses Verfahrens gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Based on the method mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that an open, friction-operated shear roller is used for kneading, the raw powder mass being added continuously in the region of one end of the shear roller and at the other end by one of the two rollers of the shear roller a fur of the gelatinized mass is continuously removed; advantageous embodiments of this method emerge from the subclaims.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zum Kneten eine offene, als solche an sich bekannte Scherwalze verwendet. Auf dieser läuft der Knetvorgang kontinuierlich ab. Die Pulverrohmasse wird im Bereich des einen Stirnendes der Scherwalze kontinuierlich zugegeben und dann im Zuge der Knetung allmählich zum anderen Stirnende der Scherwalze transportiert. Hierbei entsteht auf der einen der beiden Walzen der Scherwalze ein Fell, das am anderen Stirnende z.B. durch fortlaufendes Abschneiden eines Streifens kontinuierlich abgenommen werden kann. Da die Scherwalze offen ist, kann es im Falle einer Selbstentzündung der Pulvermasse höchstens zum Abbrennen des Fells, nicht jedoch zur Explosion kommen. Dosierungsschwierigkeiten beim Beschicken der Scherwalze insbesondere mit wasserfeuchter Pulverrohmasse gibt es ebenfalls nicht. Der Knetvorgang läuft trotzdem kontinuierlich ab. Dies ermöglicht eine Fernbedienung und -beobachtung, was ebenfalls die Sicherheit der Verarbeitung bedeutend erhöht. Schließlich bereitet das Abführen des Wassers aus der in der Scherwalze gekneteten Rohmasse, im Gegensatz zu einer Knetung im geschlossenen Extruder, keinerlei Schwierigkeiten.In the method according to the invention, an open shear roller known per se is used for kneading. The kneading process runs continuously on this. The raw powder mass is continuously added in the area of one end of the shear roller and then gradually transported to the other end of the shear roller in the course of kneading. This creates a coat on one of the two rollers of the shear roller, which on the other end e.g. can be continuously removed by continuously cutting off a strip. Since the shear roller is open, in the event of self-ignition of the powder mass, the fur can at most burn off, but not an explosion. There are also no metering difficulties when loading the shear roller, especially with water-moist powder raw material. The kneading process still runs continuously. This enables remote control and monitoring, which also significantly increases the security of processing. Finally, unlike kneading in a closed extruder, the removal of the water from the raw mass kneaded in the shear roller presents no difficulties.

Vorzugsweise wird man gemäß Anspruch 2 den Granuliervorgang unmittelbar an den Knetvorgang anschließen. Dies kann z.B. in der Weise geschehen, daß mittels eines Granulierkopfes am Abnahmeende der Scherwalze unmittelbar aus dem dort ankommenden Fell Granulat herausgestanzt und abtransportiert wird.Preferably, according to claim 2, the granulation process is directly connected to the kneading process. This can e.g. happen in such a way that by means of a pelletizing head at the removal end of the shear roller, granulate is punched directly out of the fur arriving there and transported away.

Zum Pressen des Granulats verwendet man in Verbindung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorzugsweise einen Extruder. In diesem kann das entstehende Granulat fortlaufend eingegeben werden. Dann hat man eine Fertigung, die von der Zugabe der Pulverrohmasse bis zum Entstehen der Pulverstränge gänzlich kontinuierlich abläuft. Da in dem für die Pressung verwendeten Extruder keine Knetung mit ihrer hohen thermischen und mechanischen Belastung der Pulverrnasse stattzufinden braucht oder auch nicht stattfinden sollte, gibt es auch hier keine ungewöhnlichen Sicherheitsprobleme. Besonders günstig ist es hierbei, daß das entstehende Granulat dem Extruder direkt von der Scherwalze in noch warmen Zustand zugeführt werden kann. Da dann keine langen Aufwärmzonen im Extruder notwendig sind, kann diese sehr kurz sein. Entsprechend klein ist die Menge des jeweils im Extruder eingeschlossenen Treibladungspulvers, was für die Sicherheit günstig ist. Außerdem sinken die für die Aufheizung des Extruders notwendigen Energiekosten. Schließlich ist warmes Pulver plastischer und verformt sich bei mechanischer Belastung leichter. Deshalb ist mit dem warmen Pulver die Deflagrationsgefahr bei der mechanischen Belastung im Extruder geringer.An extruder is preferably used to press the granules in connection with the process according to the invention. The resulting granulate can be entered continuously in this. Then you have a production process that is completely continuous from the addition of the raw powder mass to the formation of the powder strands. Since no kneading with its high thermal and mechanical stress on the powder mass needs to take place or should not take place in the extruder used for the pressing, there are no unusual safety problems here either. It is particularly favorable here that the resulting granulate can be fed to the extruder directly from the shear roller while it is still warm. Since no long warm-up zones are then necessary in the extruder, this can be very short. The amount of propellant powder contained in the extruder is correspondingly small, which is favorable for safety. In addition, the energy costs required to heat the extruder are reduced. After all, warm powder is more plastic and deforms more easily under mechanical stress. The warm powder therefore reduces the risk of deflagration when the extruder is subjected to mechanical loads.

Stellt man das Pulver im sog. Semi-Solvent-Prozeß her, wird man bei Anwendung der Erfindung dem warmen Granulat von der Scherwalze im Extruder Lösungsmittel hinzudosieren. Bei der Herstellung von dreibasigem Pulver wird man an dieser Stelle auch das Nitroguanidin hinzugeben. Das Granulat wird durch das Lösungsmittel angeteigt und Nitroguanidin in diesen Teig eingearbeitet.If the powder is produced in the so-called semi-solvent process, solvent is metered into the warm granulate from the shear roller in the extruder when the invention is used. When producing three-base powder, the nitroguanidine will also be added at this point. The granulate is pasted by the solvent and nitroguanidine is incorporated into this dough.

Es empfiehlt sich, insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Extruders zum Pressen, das Verfahren an der Scherwalze gemäß Anspruch 5 so zu führen, daß das gelatinierte Fell beim Abnehmen von der Scherwalze praktisch trocken ist. Dann ist nicht nur das Granulieren besonders einfach, sondern es gibt auch keine Probleme beim Beschikken des Extruders und mit dem Abführen von Wasser aus dem Extruder.It is advisable, particularly when using an extruder for pressing, to carry out the method on the shear roller according to claim 5 so that the gelatinized fur is practically dry when removed from the shear roller. Then not only is the pelletizing particularly easy, but there are also no problems when charging the extruder and removing water from the extruder.

Je weiter die Gelatinierung der Pulverrohmasse auf der Scherwalze fortgeschritten ist, um so besser haftet das Fell auf der einen Walze und um so schlechter ist der Weitertransport. Durch die Weiterbildung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 6 wird dieser Effekt kompensiert. Durch die Temperaturerniedrigung wird die Haftung des Fells an der Walze verringert und somit die Transportgeschwindigkeit gesteigert. Das Temperaturgefälle kann bis zu 40 °C betragen.The further the gelatinization of the powder raw material on the shear roller has progressed, the better the fur adheres to one roller and the worse the further transport. This effect is compensated for by the development of the method according to claim 6. The lowering of the temperature reduces the adhesion of the fur to the roller and thus increases the transport speed. The temperature gradient can be up to 40 ° C.

Insgesamt läßt sich nach den Lehren der Erfindung, Treibladungspulver in praktisch idealer Weise herstellen. Das Verfahren kann vollständig kontinuierlich ablaufen, läßt sich in der Durchführung fernsteuern undbeobachten, ist weit überdurchschnittlich sicher, auch weil sich auf der Scherwalze jeweils immer nur eine relativ kleine Produktmenge befindet, und führt schließlich noch zu einer besonders hohen Pulverqualität, inbesondere hinsichtlich der Stabilität.Overall, according to the teachings of the invention, propellant powder can be produced in a practically ideal manner. The process can run completely continuously, can be remotely controlled and monitored, is far above average, also because there is always only a relatively small amount of product on the shear roller, and finally leads to a particularly high powder quality, especially with regard to stability.

Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit weiteren vorteilhaften Einzelheiten anhand einer Zeichnung noch näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt schematisch eine Scherwalze bzw. ein Scherwalzen-Werk und einen nachgeschalteten Extruder zum Herstellen von zweibasigem POL-Pulver, d.h. Pulver, das im lösemittelreien Prozess hergestellt wird.The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below with further advantageous details using a drawing. The only figure of the drawing shows schematically a shear roller or a shear roller plant and a downstream extruder for producing dibasic POL powder, i.e. Powder made in a solvent-free process.

Die an sich bekannte Scherwalze bzw. das Scherwalzenwerk 1 umfaßt zwei horizontal nebeneinander angeordnete Walzen 2 und 3, die gegenläufig in Richtung der Pfeile 4 angetrieben werden. Jede Walze 2 und 3 hat ihren eigenen Antrieb, der eine stufenlose Drehzahlregelung erlaubt, so daß das Arbeiten mit Friktion über den gesamten Drehzahlbereich möglich ist. Es kommen hydrostatische Antriebe fürden explosionsgefährdeten Bereich zum Einsatz.The known shear roller or shear roller assembly 1 comprises two rollers 2 and 3 arranged horizontally next to one another, which are driven in opposite directions in the direction of arrows 4. Each roller 2 and 3 has its own drive, which allows a stepless speed control, so that working with friction is possible over the entire speed range. Hydrostatic drives are used for the hazardous area.

Die in der Figur hintere Walze 2 wird hydraulisch gegen die vordere Walze 3 angestellt. Der Walzenspalt ist über die vordere Walze 3 auf eine Weite zwischen 0,5 und 5 mm einstellbar. Beide Walzen 2 und 3 können mittels eines Wärmeträgers von innen auf eine Temperatur zwischen 20 und 120 °C temperiert werden.The rear roller 2 in the figure is set hydraulically against the front roller 3. The nip can be adjusted to a width between 0.5 and 5 mm via the front roller 3. Both rollers 2 and 3 can be heated from the inside to a temperature between 20 and 120 ° C by means of a heat transfer medium.

Die Walzen 2 und 3 sind beide jeweils mit spiralig verlaufenden Schernuten 5 versehen, die eine produktspezifische Geometrie haben, die in Nutbreite, Nuttiefe, Steigungswinkel und Anzahl der Schernuten zum Ausdruck kommt. Die Schernuten 5 sind so angelegt, daß das bearbeitete Produkt kontinuierlich von dem in der Figur vorderen Stirnende, dem Aufgabeende 6, zum hinteren Abgabeende 7 transportiert wird.The rollers 2 and 3 are each provided with spiral shear grooves 5, which have a product-specific geometry that is expressed in the groove width, groove depth, pitch angle and number of shear grooves. The scissor grooves 5 are designed so that the processed product is continuously transported from the front end in the figure, the feed end 6, to the rear discharge end 7.

Über dem Aufgabeende 6 ist ein Dosierwerk 9 angeordnet, aus welchem wasserfeuchte Pulverrohmasse zur Herstellung von zweibasigem POL-Pulver, die eine Feuchte von ca. 30 % hat, auf die Scherwalze gegeben wird. Dort wird die Pulverrohmasse im Walzenspalt geknetet. Es bildet sich auf der vorderen Walze 3 ein Fell aus Pulverrohmasse über die gesamte Walzenlänge. Mittels des Wärmeträgers werden die beiden Walzen auf einer erhöhten Temperatur gehalten. Über dem Walzenspalt sammelt sich ein gekneteter Produktvorrat an, aus dem das Wasser herausgepreßt wird. Aufgrund der intensiven Knet-und Transport-Wirkung der Scherwalze 2, 3 zeigt sich schon nach dem Durchwandern von etwa einem Drittel der Walzenlänge der Beginn der Gelatinierung mit einer Grau-Weißfärbung der Pulvermasse an. Nach zwei Drittel derwalzenlänge hat sich das Massefell bereits in einen dunklen Grauton verfärbt. Am Abgabeende 7 schließlich ist das Massefell durchgelatiniert und erscheint transparent schwarz. Die Temperatur, die Spaltweite des Walzenspaltes und damit auch der Spaltdruck und die Drehzahlen der beiden Walzen 2 und 3 sind so gewählt, daß das gelatinierte Pulverfell am Abgabeende noch eine Restfeuchte von ca. 1 % hat.Above the feed end 6 a metering unit 9 is arranged, from which water-moist powder raw material for the production of dibasic POL powder, which has a moisture content of approx. 30%, is placed on the shear roller. There, the raw powder mass is kneaded in the nip. A coat of raw powder material is formed on the front roller 3 over the entire length of the roller. The two rollers are kept at an elevated temperature by means of the heat transfer medium. A kneaded product pool collects above the nip from which the water is pressed out. As a result of the intensive kneading and transporting action of the shear roller 2, 3, after about one third of the roller length has passed, the start of gelatinization with a gray-white coloration of the powder mass is evident. After two thirds of the length of the roller, the ground skin has already changed to a dark shade of gray. At the end of delivery 7, the mass skin is gelatinized and appears transparent black. The temperature, the nip width of the nip and thus also the nip pressure and the speeds of the two rollers 2 and 3 are selected so that the gelatinized powder skin still has a residual moisture content of approx. 1% at the end of the delivery.

Typischerweise liegt die Temperatur der beiden Walzen zwischen 70 und 110°C. Die Temperatur der hinteren Walze wird um einige Grade niedriger als die der vorderen gehalten. Dadurch haftet das Fell an der vorderen Walze. Vorteilhaft ist die Beheizung der beiden Walzen derart, daß sich in axialer Richtung ein Temperaturgefälle mit Abfall der Temperatur zum Abgabeende 7 hin ergibt. Der Temperaturunterschied zwischen Aufgabeende 6 und Abgabeende 7 wird dabei so gewählt, daß das Fell überall in etwa mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit weitertransportiert wird. Ein typischer Wert für die Temperaturdifferenz ist 30 °C. Die Drehzahl der Walzen sollten zwischen 30 und 70 Upm betragen, wobei die vordere Walze, auf der sich das Fell befindet, die höhere Drehzahl hat. Eine geeignete Steilheit der Schernuten 5 beträgt zwischen 30 bis 60 0 gegen die Walzenachse. Es ist nicht notwendig, daß die Schernuten über die gesamte Länge der Scherwalze die gleiche Steilheit haben. So kann es vorteilhaft sein, die Steilheit der Schernuten in der Nähe des Aufgabeendes 6 kleiner als in der Nähe des Abgabeendes 7 zu machen, um damit hinter dem Aufgabeende zunächst eine relativ größere Verweilzeit des Felles zu erzielen, die ein gutes Abquetschen des Wassers ermöglicht. Die Tiefe der Schernuten beträgt zweckmäßigerweise zwischen 0,4 und 2,5 mm. Insgesamt sollte die Verweilzeit der Pulverrohmasse auf der Scherwalze zwischen 3 und 8 Minuten betragen.The temperature of the two rollers is typically between 70 and 110 ° C. The temperature of the rear roller is kept a few degrees lower than that of the front roller. As a result, the fur sticks to the front their roller. It is advantageous to heat the two rollers in such a way that there is a temperature gradient in the axial direction with a drop in temperature towards the discharge end 7. The temperature difference between feed end 6 and discharge end 7 is chosen so that the fur is transported everywhere at approximately the same speed. A typical value for the temperature difference is 30 ° C. The speed of the rollers should be between 30 and 70 rpm, the front roller on which the skin is located has the higher speed. A suitable gradient of the shearing grooves 5 is between 30 to 60 0 to the roll axis. It is not necessary that the shear grooves have the same slope over the entire length of the shear roller. So it can be advantageous to make the slope of the scissor grooves near the feed end 6 smaller than near the discharge end 7 in order to initially achieve a relatively longer dwell time of the fur behind the feed end, which enables a good squeezing of the water. The depth of the shear grooves is advantageously between 0.4 and 2.5 mm. The total residence time of the raw powder mass on the shear roller should be between 3 and 8 minutes.

Um die Haftung des Felles an der vorderen Walze zu unterstützen, sollte diese eine bestimmte Oberflächenrauhigkeit haben. Dies kann durch Beschichten der Walzenoberfläche oder durch Schärfen erreicht werden. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, die vordere Walze der Scherwalze stärker zu schärfen, als es bei den sonst in der Pulverfertigung verwendeten Kalander-Walzen üblich ist. Das Schärfen geschieht beispielsweise in der Weise, daß ein- bis dreinormale Salzsäure auf die Walzenoberfläche bei 50 bis 100 °C aufgetragen wird. Hierbei läuft die Walze mit langsamer Umdrehungszahl. Wenn die Salzsäure verdampft ist, wird die Walzenoberfläche mit Wasser abgewaschen. Bei dieser Behandlung ist die geeignete Oberflächenrauhigkeit erreicht.In order to support the adhesion of the fur to the front roller, this should have a certain surface roughness. This can be achieved by coating the roller surface or by sharpening. It has proven to be advantageous to sharpen the front roller of the shear roller more than is usual with the calender rollers that are otherwise used in powder production. Sharpening is done, for example, by applying one to three normal hydrochloric acid to the roller surface at 50 to 100 ° C. The roller runs at a slow speed. When the hydrochloric acid has evaporated, the roller surface is washed off with water. The appropriate surface roughness is achieved with this treatment.

In der Figur nicht erkennbar befindet sich unterhalb der beiden Walzen 2 und 3 am Abgabeende 7 ein Granulieraggregat, mittels welchem die am Abgabeende 7 kontinuierlich nachkommende, gelatinierte Pulvermasse in einem Arbeitsgang kontinuierlich von der Walze 3 abgenommen und im gleichen Arbeitsgang granuliert wird.Not recognizable in the figure is below the two rollers 2 and 3 at the discharge end 7 a pelletizing unit, by means of which the gelatinized powder mass continuously coming at the discharge end 7 is continuously removed from the roller 3 in one operation and granulated in the same operation.

Das noch warme Granulat 8 fällt in den Aufnahmetrichter 11 eines Extruders 10, in welchem das Granulat durch eine Matrize 12 zu Pulversträngen verpreßt wird. Der Extruder 10 hat im inneren nur eine Förderschnecke 13 und keine Knetelemente. Der Extruder ist nur schematisch gezeigt; in der Praxis kann es sich durchaus um einen Zweiwellenextruder handeln. Die aus der Matrize bzw. Formgebungsdüse 12 kontinuierlich austretenden Pulverstränge werden in nicht weitergezeigter Weise per Laufband in einen Schneidraum transportiert und dort kontinuierlich zum eigentlichen Pulver geschnitten, das dann ggf. noch einer Nachbehandlung unterzogen wird. Der Extruder sollte eine Länge von mindestens 20 cm haben und heiz- sowie kühlbar sein.The still warm granules 8 fall into the receiving funnel 11 of an extruder 10, in which the granules are pressed into powder strands by a die 12. The extruder 10 has only one screw conveyor 13 inside and no kneading elements. The extruder is only shown schematically; in practice it can be a twin-screw extruder. The powder strands which emerge continuously from the die or shaping nozzle 12 are transported in a manner not shown by means of a treadmill into a cutting space and are continuously cut there to form the actual powder, which is then optionally subjected to an aftertreatment. The extruder should have a length of at least 20 cm and be heatable and coolable.

Auf der Scherwalze 1 befinden sich immer nur 2-3 Kg Pulvermasse. Dies ist sehr günstig für die Sicherheit. Außerdem sind die beiden Walzen 2 und 3 selbstreinigend, so daß ein rascher Produktwechsel möglich ist.There are only 2-3 kg of powder on the shear roller 1. This is very convenient for security. In addition, the two rollers 2 and 3 are self-cleaning, so that a quick product change is possible.

Claims (7)

1. Process for the preparation of propellant charge powder, in particular dibasic powder prepared without solvents, in which raw powder mixture which is moist, in particular moist with water, is homogenised and gelatinised by kneading at an elevated temperature and the gelatinised mass is then granulated and the granulate is moulded into powder strands which are worked up into the powder proper by cutting and optionally an end treatment, characterised in that kneading is carried out by means of an open set of shearing rollers operable with friction, near the one end of which the raw powder mixture is continuously supplied and at the other end of which a sheet of gelatinised mass is continuously removed from one of the shearing rollers.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the gelatinised mass is continuously granulated as it is removed.
3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that an extruder operating without a kneading action is used for moulding the granulate.
4. Process according to Claim 3, characterised in that the granulate in process of formation is directly transferred to the extruder while still hot.
5. Process according to claim 3 or 4 for the preparation of tribasic propellant charge powder, characterised in that the third energy carrier nitroguanidine is supplied to the extruder together with a solvent, and that within the extruder the granulate is made up into a paste with the solvent and the nitroguanidine is incorporated in this paste.
6 Process according to one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the temperature, the width of the nip and/or the speed of rotation of the shearing rollers are so adjusted that the gelatinised mass has a residual water content of less than 3%, preferably about 1 %, when the product is removed.
7. Process according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the shearing rollers are heated in such a manner that a temperature gradient is obtained in the axial direction, the temperature gradient decreasing towards the discharge end of the shearing rollers.
EP87906819A 1986-10-16 1987-10-08 Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges Expired - Lifetime EP0288505B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87906819T ATE73436T1 (en) 1986-10-16 1987-10-08 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURE OF PROPELLING POWDER.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3635296A DE3635296C2 (en) 1986-10-16 1986-10-16 Process for producing propellant powder
DE3635296 1986-10-16
PCT/EP1987/000585 WO1988002743A1 (en) 1986-10-16 1987-10-08 Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges

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EP0288505A1 EP0288505A1 (en) 1988-11-02
EP0288505B1 true EP0288505B1 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0288505B2 EP0288505B2 (en) 1998-06-17

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EP (1) EP0288505B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2681183B2 (en)
KR (1) KR960000756B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1015170B (en)
AR (1) AR246729A1 (en)
AU (2) AU8107187A (en)
BR (1) BR8707506A (en)
CA (1) CA1304942C (en)
DE (2) DE3635296C2 (en)
EG (1) EG20112A (en)
ES (1) ES2007423A6 (en)
FI (1) FI92581C (en)
GR (1) GR871431B (en)
IL (1) IL83998A (en)
IN (1) IN169922B (en)
PT (1) PT85927B (en)
WO (1) WO1988002743A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA877700B (en)

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IL83998A0 (en) 1988-02-29
DE3635296C2 (en) 1995-12-21
BR8707506A (en) 1989-02-21
AU7275391A (en) 1991-07-11
CN1015170B (en) 1991-12-25
FI92581B (en) 1994-08-31
CN87106808A (en) 1988-04-27
AU651087B2 (en) 1994-07-14
FI882858A0 (en) 1988-06-15
EG20112A (en) 1997-07-31
KR880701695A (en) 1988-11-04
FI882858A (en) 1988-06-15
US4963296A (en) 1990-10-16
DE3777399D1 (en) 1992-04-16
EP0288505A1 (en) 1988-11-02
PT85927B (en) 1993-07-30
KR960000756B1 (en) 1996-01-12
JP2681183B2 (en) 1997-11-26
EP0288505B2 (en) 1998-06-17
PT85927A (en) 1988-11-30
JPH01501140A (en) 1989-04-20
AR246729A1 (en) 1994-09-30
WO1988002743A1 (en) 1988-04-21
FI92581C (en) 1994-12-12
ZA877700B (en) 1988-04-19
AU8107187A (en) 1988-05-06
ES2007423A6 (en) 1989-06-16
IN169922B (en) 1992-01-11
GR871431B (en) 1987-12-14
CA1304942C (en) 1992-07-14
DE3635296A1 (en) 1988-04-28
IL83998A (en) 1991-12-15

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