EP0288440B1 - Moteur à combustion interne à piston axial rotatif - Google Patents

Moteur à combustion interne à piston axial rotatif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0288440B1
EP0288440B1 EP88830148A EP88830148A EP0288440B1 EP 0288440 B1 EP0288440 B1 EP 0288440B1 EP 88830148 A EP88830148 A EP 88830148A EP 88830148 A EP88830148 A EP 88830148A EP 0288440 B1 EP0288440 B1 EP 0288440B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
piston
engine
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88830148A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0288440A1 (fr
Inventor
Alberto Orzi
Tiziana Rigolli
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0288440A1 publication Critical patent/EP0288440A1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis with wobble-plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/26—Engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main-shaft axis; Engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main-shaft axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an axial piston internal combustion rotary engine, of the two-stroke Otto cycle type.
  • internal combustion engines and, in particular, the Otto cycle and Diesel internal combustion engines, generally comprise a fixed engine casing in the inside of which there are defined adjoining cylindrical chambers therein pistons are able of reciprocating, said pistons driving the engine crankshaft.
  • a conventional internal combustion engine has a comparatively high size and weight, as well as a comparatively complex mechanical construction.
  • the task of the present invention is to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks, by providing an internal combustion engine which operates in a very even way, without vibrations, independently from the engine RPM's and with very reduced discharging gas amounts.
  • a main object of the present invention is to provide an improved internal combustion engine which has a very simple and strong mechanical construction, with a very reduced weight and size with respect to a conventional internal combustion engine and which can be constructed by simple machine tools.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine in which the distribution of the outlet gases can be easily controlled by easily and simply changing the angular position of the gas discharging duct, during the operation of the engine, with respect to its angular speed.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine comprising a scavenging supplying pump able of eliminating any outlet fumes.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine with very reduced transversal stresses and which, moreover, can be easily constructed starting from easily available components and materials and having a very reduced cost.
  • the axial piston internal combustion engine according to the present invention comprises an engine casing 1, of substantially cylindrical shape, which, on its side surface, is provided with cooling fins 2.
  • cooling fins 2 are of the centrifugal type, as clearly shown in figure 3.
  • the engine casing 1 defines, in its inside, at least two cylindrical chambers 3 which, in the embodiment being disclosed, are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the engine casing and are substantially parallel thereto.
  • respective sliding pistons 4 provided with respective piston rods 5 adapted to connect said pistons, through ball joints 6, to suitable seats formed on a rotating disk 7 which is slanted with respect to the axis a-a of the engine casing 1.
  • the rotary disk 7 is able of rotating about an axis b which, advantageously, forms with the axis a-a an angle from 20° to 25°.
  • the disk 7 rotates with the same angular speed as the engine casing, since it is coupled, by means of two bevel gears 8 and 9, having a like number of teeth (transmission ratio of 1: 1) which are respectively rigid with the disk 7 and engine casing 1, and therebetween a coupling ball is arranged, indicated at 10.
  • the rotary disk 7 is coupled, through a first thrust bearing 11, to a fixed slanted disk 12 the shaft 13 of which projects from the engine casing 1 and is connected to a fixed point of the frame, schematically indicated at 14.
  • Second thrust bearings 15 are moreover provided, which are arranged between the rear face of the fixed disk 12 and the cover member 16 which axially closes the cylindrical casing 1.
  • the cover member 16 defines a sleeve 17 therewith a gear 18 is rigid, said gear 18 providing a force takeoff for operating auxiliary members.
  • the engine casing is closed at the front by a cylinder heat 20, which defines the mentioned combustion chambers 21, the number of which is obviously equal to the cylinder number, therein conventional sparking plugs 22 are arranged.
  • a front stub 23 projects, which is associated with a front fixed supporting member 24.
  • a discharging duct 25 extends which, in the embodiment being disclosed, is fixed or stationary and is coupled to the engine casing 1 by means of bushings 26.
  • the fuel mixture inlet duct is defined inside the shaft 13 of the mentioned fixed disk 12.
  • Transfer channels 31 are moreover provided which communicate the engine crankcase, defined by the region housing said fixed or stationary disk, with the top portion of the cylindrical chambers 3.
  • the disclosed embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to the present invention operates as follows, in a very simple way.
  • the pistons 4, which are coupled to the slanted rotary disk 7, rotate about the axis b thereby performing a reciprocating motion with respect to their cylindrical chambers 3 in which the operating volumes varies in a conventional way, as in two-stroke combustion engine.
  • the fuel mixture in particular, is metered by a conventional carburetor and is supplied, under a slight pressure, to the inlet duct 30 by means of a conventional positive displacement or centrifugal compressor, which has not been shown in the accompanying drawings.
  • the driving motion of the pistons is a rotary motion about the mentioned axis a-a:accordingly their absolute motion, that is the sum of the relative motion and driving motion of the pistons will be a rotary motion about the axis a.
  • the inertial forces will act on a constant plane which is perpendicular to the axis b, thereby said forces do not generate any objectionable moments, since they act accordint to the same direction (which is true for an even cylinder number); however, also in the case of an odd number of angularly equispaced cylinders a very satisfactory balancing will be obtained.
  • FIG 2 another embodiment of the internal combustion engine is herein shown, in which there are provided opposite cylindrical combustion chambers in which double acting pistons 4 reciprocate, said pistons being connected to the mentioned rotary slanted disk 7 so as to rotate about the axis b, through ball joint indicated at 6.
  • the inlet duct 30, in particular, extends through the overall axial extension of the engine casing 1, and outlet ports, indicated at 25′, are provided through the engine casing and lead to the outlet manifold in such a way as to afford the possibility of controlling the outlet gases with an asymmetric outlet diagram; in this way the fresh outlet gass loss will be smaller than the fresh outlet gas loss of conventional two-stroke engines.
  • the longitudinal axis of the piston 4 is slightly displaced, by an amount e , from the longitudinal pivot axis of the ball joints 6, in order to prevent said piston from rotating about its longitudinal axis.
  • an outer envelope is further provided, indicated at 40, which is provided with aerating holes to easily cool the engine which is further improved by the provision of the mentioned centrifugal fins 2 shown in figures 4 and 7.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the present invention also includes a duct 50 for recovering the lubricating oil deposited on the inner walls of the cylindrical chambers 3; thus said lubricating oil will be conveyed to the engine crankcase, thereby satisfactorily lubricating the engine, even with a reduced oil amount in the fuel mixture.
  • the outlet duct 25 provides "an asymmetric controlled outlet" since it, being suitable arranged on its axis a-a, prevents the fresh mixture from leaking at the outlet, with a consequent less consume.
  • Another feature of the invention is that it is possible to change the angular position of the outlet duct 25, during the operation of the engine, depending on the angular speed thereof, for example by means of a pneumatic system analogous to that for varying the spark advance angle in conventional engines or, preferably, by means of any known types of electronic systems.
  • Figure 5 shows a partial view of a piston rod member, included in the internal combustion engine according to the present invention, which piston rod member connects the piston to the slanted disk 7, by means of an improved ball joint assembly, indicated at GS.
  • the ball joint assembly of figure 5 comprises a ball member 61 which is peripherically provided with a recess 62 therein a pawl 60 engages, said pawl being rigid with the mentioned slanted disk 7.
  • the pawl 60 will prevent the piston rod 5 from rotating about the longitudinal axis c-c; in this connection it should be pointed out that the pawl 60 is a conventional small roller of the type used in roller bearings.
  • the piston rod 5 is coupled to the piston (not specifically shown in fig. 5) by means of a further ball joint,the so-called "UNIBALL" joint 65,said ball joint also providing for the use of a pawl member 63 which, by coupling with the ball 64, prevent the piston pin from also rotating about the axis c-c.
  • the pistons cannot rotate, in an advantageous way, about their longitudinal axes and, accordingly, the piston rings will be safely protected against failure.
  • the invention provides for the use, as specifically shown in the detail view of figure 6, of specifically designed piston rings such as the piston ring shown in figure 6.
  • the piston ring which has been represented by a broken away view and is indicated overally at ST, does not have as in conventional piston rings, a transversal cut with a hollow adapted to act as a stop element for the piston ring, but it is provided with a male/female flat type of coupling; thus the piston ring ST will be free of rotating in its seat about the longitudinal axis of the piston and it cannot be broken as the male/female coupling registers with the cylinder outlet or transfer ports.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic view of the outer outline or configuration of the internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
  • the engine had a swept volume of 250 cc, five cylinders and an outer diameter of 160 mm, a length of 230 mm and a weight of 6.5 kg.
  • the discharging fumes are completely absent since the lubricating oil included in the fuel mixture is centrifuged on the outer wall of the cylinders so as to lubricate the mantles of the pistons and is then automatically recovered, by a pressure differential, to the engine crankcase through the duct 50; accordingly the fuel mixture lubricating oil rate or amount will be very reduced.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the present invention is much more echologic that the known comparable internal combustion engines.
  • This inventive engine provides the following additional advantages: a complete absence of vibrations for any RPM's of the engine; an efficient control of the distribution of the discharged or outlet gases; a charge layering effect and, finally, a reduced work requirement for the positive displacement or centrifugal compressor or scavenging pump thereby improving the engine efficiency.
  • the subject engine will operate in a very even way and one can change the speed of the compressor associated therewith since this engine operates with a very low pressure of 0.2-0.3 atm. with a consequent variable power outlet.
  • transversal thrust forces on the cylinder which are generated by a slanted piston rod in conventional engines, in this case are completely absent since the piston rod 5 of the engine according to the present invention will work in a nearly axial position, that is parallely to the axis a-a.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Moteur à combustion interne à injection, du type à piston axial, comprenant une boîte rotative cylindrique (1) fermée par un couvercle (16), au moins deux chambres (3) de combustion cylindriques internes avec pistons (4) alternés correspondants, ledit piston présentant segments et bielles (5) de piston, lesdites bielles (5) de piston étant accouplées opérativement par leur extrémités relatives et à travers joints sphériques correspondants à un disque rotatif (7) incliné par rapport à l'axe de ladite boîte du moteur (1) et supporté coulissant par un disque stationnaire (12), ledit disque stationnaire étant accouplé à un arbre stationnaire (13) saillant de ladite boîte du moteur (1), une conduite d'entrée (30) et une conduite de sortie (25) étant prévus en outre pour l'entrée et la sortie du mélange combustible dans et hors desdites chambres de combustion, caractérisé en ce que chaque joint sphérique (6) comprend une bille (61) présentant un évidement périférique (62) où un cliquet ou dent d'arrêt (60), apte à éviter que ladite bielle de piston (5) tourne autour de son axe longitudinal, est engagé.
2. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites bielles (5) de piston sont accouplées chacune au corps du piston (4) au moyen d'un joint sphérique (65) ultérieur, comprenant un cliquet ou dent d'arrêt (63) apte à empêcher la rotation du pivot du piston autour de son axe.
3. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit disque rotatif (7) est accouplé rigidement rotatif avec ladite boîte du moteur au moyen de deux engrenages coniques (8, 9) accouplés respectivement audit disque rotatif (7) et à ladite boîte du moteur (1), un élément sphérique de poussée (10) étant arrangé entre lesdits deux engrenages coniques (8, 9).
4. Moteur à combustion interne selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit moteur comprend en outre un palier de butée (11) arrangé entre ledit disque rotatif incliné (7) et ledit disque stationnaire incliné (12), et d'autres paliers de butée (15) arrangés entre ledit disque stationnaire incliné (12) et le couvercle (16) fermant ladite boîte du moteur.
5. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que sur ledit couvercle (16) il y a arrangé un démultiplicateur (18) de force.
6. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite conduite de sortie (25) s'étend d'un sens axial en face de la tête du cylindre (20) dudit moteur et est stationnaire et accouplée à ladite boîte du moteur (1) au moyen d'éléments (26) d'isolation.
7. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite conduite (30) d'entrée est formée à l'intérieur de l'arbre (13) s'étendant dudit disque stationnaire (12) incliné.
8. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite conduite de sortie (25) présente une position angulaire variable, ladite position angulaire étant variée, pendant la marche dudit moteur, selon la vitesse angulaire, par un système pneumatique et/ou un système électronique.
9. Moteur à combustion interne selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite conduite d'entrée (30) s'étend d'un sens axial le long de la longueur entière dudit moteur.
10. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites chambres (3) de combustion cylindriques s'étendent d'une rélation parallèle avec l'axe de ladite boîte (1).
11. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits chambres (3) sont arrangées dans positions excentriques radiales tournées à l'extérieur.
12. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits segments de piston sont libres de tourner autour de l'axe longitudinal du piston.
EP88830148A 1987-04-07 1988-04-01 Moteur à combustion interne à piston axial rotatif Expired - Lifetime EP0288440B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT20017/87A IT1203452B (it) 1987-04-07 1987-04-07 Motore rotativo a combustione interna,a pistoni assiali
IT2001787 1987-04-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0288440A1 EP0288440A1 (fr) 1988-10-26
EP0288440B1 true EP0288440B1 (fr) 1991-12-11

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EP88830148A Expired - Lifetime EP0288440B1 (fr) 1987-04-07 1988-04-01 Moteur à combustion interne à piston axial rotatif

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EP (1) EP0288440B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3866763D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1203452B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2671583B1 (fr) * 1991-01-11 1993-03-19 Cojan Michel Moteur a explosion du type a barillet.
IES20020689A2 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-25 Damian Logue Rotary engine
FR3041040B1 (fr) * 2015-09-14 2017-11-03 Vianney Rabhi Cylindre detendeur a double effet a support adaptatif
CN107587940B (zh) * 2017-10-24 2023-07-18 青岛大学 一种无曲轴液压传动发动机

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE571089C (de) * 1931-06-16 1933-02-24 J M Voith Maschinenfabrik Vorrichtung zum Aufheben der Druckkraefte bei Maschinen mit umlaufenden Hubraeumen

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB590800A (en) * 1945-01-17 1947-07-29 John Haythorn Improvements in swash-plate motors
CH66925A (de) * 1913-09-29 1914-11-02 Statax Engine Company Limited Rotierende Kolbenkraftmaschine
FR582878A (fr) * 1924-06-10 1924-12-30 Moteur rotatif d'aviation
AU5917865A (fr) * 1966-05-20 1967-11-23
DE2707163A1 (de) * 1977-02-18 1978-08-24 Josef Daubner Verbrennungsmotor
GB2027122B (en) * 1978-05-25 1982-08-25 Searle R J Reciprocating piston machines

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE571089C (de) * 1931-06-16 1933-02-24 J M Voith Maschinenfabrik Vorrichtung zum Aufheben der Druckkraefte bei Maschinen mit umlaufenden Hubraeumen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0288440A1 (fr) 1988-10-26
IT1203452B (it) 1989-02-15
IT8720017A0 (it) 1987-04-07
DE3866763D1 (de) 1992-01-23

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