EP0288350B1 - Bridge consisting of a deck and its supporting means, especially a large-span cable-stayed bridge, and its construction process - Google Patents
Bridge consisting of a deck and its supporting means, especially a large-span cable-stayed bridge, and its construction process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0288350B1 EP0288350B1 EP19880400740 EP88400740A EP0288350B1 EP 0288350 B1 EP0288350 B1 EP 0288350B1 EP 19880400740 EP19880400740 EP 19880400740 EP 88400740 A EP88400740 A EP 88400740A EP 0288350 B1 EP0288350 B1 EP 0288350B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diagonals
- chord
- bridge
- bridge according
- deck
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D11/00—Suspension or cable-stayed bridges
- E01D11/04—Cable-stayed bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/14—Towers; Anchors ; Connection of cables to bridge parts; Saddle supports
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
- E01D2/04—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the box-girder type
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
- E01D21/10—Cantilevered erection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E01D2101/24—Concrete
- E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
- E01D2101/268—Composite concrete-metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E01D2101/24—Concrete
- E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
- E01D2101/28—Concrete reinforced prestressed
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E01D2101/24—Concrete
- E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
- E01D2101/28—Concrete reinforced prestressed
- E01D2101/285—Composite prestressed concrete-metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new bridge structure consisting of an apron and means for supporting this apron, and in particular to a new cable-stayed bridge structure of large span, as well as to a method of constructing such a bridge.
- suspension bridges In the current state of the art, the crossing of large spans uses either suspension bridges or cable-stayed bridges.
- Suspension bridges are economically justified for exceptional spans, but their flexibility poses problems for traffic, especially rail, and for aeroelastic stability.
- Cable-stayed bridges for their part, do not exhibit the wind sensitivity of suspension bridges, particularly if the deck is constructed of concrete, a material which gives the structure sufficient weight and great rigidity. The weight, however, limits the spans, so that beyond the field of application of concrete cable-stayed bridges, decks with a mixed steel / concrete structure or entirely metallic decks have been used.
- Lattice structures can also be used, because they make it possible to economically obtain great bending and torsional rigidity, while ensuring maximum transparency with respect to the wind.
- document FR-A-1237124 had described a truss bridge bridge structure made up of tubular members, namely two upper longitudinal members and one lower longitudinal member, connected together by members, called diagonal members, oblique to the times with respect to the vertical and the direction of the bridge.
- the connection between the diagonals and the longitudinal members is obtained by assembled half-shells, including the longitudinal member and receiving the end of the diagonals.
- the members can be stiffened by longitudinal prestressing cables and filled with possibly prestressed concrete.
- the object of the invention is to overcome all the drawbacks mentioned above, by proposing a new structure which is both light, rigid, and easy to produce, therefore economical.
- spatial lattice is meant a structure made up of elements which can be compared to parts in plane or in line segments and linked together, this structure not being included in a plane.
- nodes the junction points of plane parts and / or line segments.
- the parts of the members which are subjected to significant tensile forces are prestressed by means which are specific to each of said members.
- the deck that has just been described can be integrated into bridges of various designs.
- a cable-stayed bridge is preferred, and in this case provision is made for the means for supporting the deck to be constituted by guy wires connecting support masts to nodes of the space trellis formed by the junction points. diagonals with the upper chord.
- the bridge comprises at least two continuous lower members, and an equal number of spatial trusses comprising diagonals whose axes converge on the axis of a lower member, said members being interconnected by a bracing, these spatial trusses each including a part of the upper chord, and advantageously, that this bridge comprises two lower chords and two spatial trusses and in that the means for supporting the deck consist of guy lines connecting the nodes of the spatial trusses which are located in the axial plane of the bridge to support masts.
- the means for supporting the deck consist of guy wires connecting support masts to nodes of the spatial trellis formed by the points of junction of the diagonals with the lower member.
- the invention can also be applied to bridges with much smaller spans, and not guyed.
- the means for supporting the deck consist of transverse supports on which the upper frame rests, and additional prestressing frames are provided which follow a polygonal path connecting two successive transverse supports passing through reference points located on the lower member, and, advantageously, said additional prestressing reinforcements are not in the axial plane of the bridge.
- folded sheet gussets comprising two wings which are each in a longitudinal plane containing the axis of diagonals which are fixed on it, the gusset being fixed on the lower chord so that the fold axis of the gusset wings coincides with the longitudinal axis of the lower chord.
- the lower member is also made for the lower member to be formed from successive sections assembled, and at least some of the gussets are fixed to the points of assembly of successive sections.
- gussets comprising a lower wing situated in a longitudinal plane containing the axis of the diagonals which are fixed on him, and an upper wing which is fixed on the upper chord, so that the fold axis of the wings of the gusset is in the median plane of the upper chord.
- the upper chord may also be made for the upper chord to constitute a concrete slab reinforced by continuous metal sections and prestressing reinforcements arranged perpendicularly to these metal sections.
- the upper chord of the structure forming a pavement slab or carrying railway traffic is made of reinforced or prestressed concrete; the lower chord can be either in reinforced or prestressed concrete, or in a mixed steel / concrete structure, or entirely metallic. It is advantageous to use a metal tube filled with concrete, the characteristics of which are described further on.
- the lower and upper members are interconnected by a series of diagonals located in two oblique planes forming an isosceles triangle in the cross section.
- the two edges of the upper slab have the anchors of the suspension shrouds at regular intervals, at the point of intersection of the diagonals mentioned above.
- the invention further provides an original construction method, adapted to the bridge structure which has just been described.
- a suspension guy wire is also fixed on said new link.
- the bridge according to the invention comprises an apron 1 consisting of a series of triangular spatial elements suspended from guy lines 2, at regularly spaced points. These shrouds are fixed towards the top of the support masts 3. For the sake of clarity, the central span is shown with only eight elements suspended by three shrouds on either side of the key. In long-span bridges, the spacing of the stays is variable from 10 to 20 m and the number of stays in the central half-span can reach 20 to 25.
- the cross section of the deck 1 shown in Figure 3 is an isosceles triangle consisting of an upper slab (or chord) 4, a lower chord 5 and diagonals 6, without intermediate supports of the upper slab 4 between the two banks of the bridge.
- the plan view of FIG. 4 also shows that the planes of the diagonals are cut into all identical triangles, the vertices of which are alternately located on the edges of the upper slab 4 and on the lower central member 5.
- the lower member 5 the details of which are given in FIG. 6, is broken down, for the production of the structure, into sections of equal length separated by joints allowing rapid assembly during construction.
- the assembly between successive sections of the lower member is made by flanges 10 placed opposite one another and joined longitudinally by high-strength bolts 11.
- the end flanges of each section further include a gusset 12 folded according to the plane of the oblique diagonals allowing assembly by welding of these with the lower main chord.
- the flanges finally include and as necessary the anchors of the external prestress of the lower chord.
- the axis of folding of the gusset 12 coincides with the axis of the tube 7.
- At least some of the sections of the tube are filled with concrete.
- the tube filling concrete if it exists, can be used before or after assembling the frame in the structure. In both cases, it is advantageous to compress the filling concrete inside its metallic envelope to combat the subsequent effects of shrinkage and improve the relative adhesion of the two materials. Contrary to works using a composite metal tube / concrete filling member where the variations in force and consequently the adhesion stresses occur continuously along the member, in the object of the invention, such variations in force appear only at the right of the connecting nodes with the diagonals, in an area where the arrangements used make it impossible for relative sliding of the concrete and the tube. For this purpose, stiffeners or connectors 13 are provided in the vicinity of the flange.
- an injection device 14 is provided in the joint between two successive sections, to ensure perfect transmission of the longitudinal forces in the filling concrete .
- the essential element of the assembly is a gusset 15 in folded sheet, the upper part of which coincides with the suspension plane of the shrouds 2, and the lower part is located in the plane of the oblique diagonals 6.
- the shroud is fixed there by known means such as yokes 16 and axis 17 or, depending the variant shown in Figure 13, by a splitting of the gusset allowing the fixing of the lower anchor of the stay.
- the diagonals are easily linked to the gusset by welding along a slot made in the tube.
- the fold edge 18 of the gusset is located in the mean plane 19 of the floor slab.
- the gusset also carries the anchors 20, 21 of the frames 22, 23 of the diagonal 6 and of the upper slab 4.
- the transmission of all the forces is thus carried out along a direct path, eliminating any welding or any assembly working at tearing which always presents a potential risk.
- the continuous gussets provided ensure an interpenetration of the members and the diagonals to achieve the direct path of the forces mentioned above.
- the proposed arrangements ensure direct transfer of all the loads and complete continuity of all the efforts of the shrouds, the two members and the diagonals.
- the shrouds 2 pass through the upper chord 4 through guides 26 designed to dampen the vibrations of the system, and are anchored in the lower chord, at the location of the nodes of the spatial trellis formed by the junction of the diagonals with the lower chord.
- FIG. 19 there are two parallel lower members 5, and two spatial trusses each consisting of a lower member, of one half of the upper member 4 which is above this lower member, and of diagonals 6 which connect each lower member to the upper member half which corresponds to it.
- a bracing 27 connects the two lower members 5 and stiffens the assembly by ensuring the continuity of the external contour and the stability of the cross section, and the torsional rigidity of the deck.
- the floor slab itself is made up of a mixed structure comprising continuous metal sections and concrete placed between them, the materials being joined together by a prestress orthogonal to the direction of the sections.
- the confinement conferred on the concrete of the slab by the metal profiles allows the minimum thickness of the slab to be reduced to 0.10 m without the risk of puncturing under the concentrated loads of vehicles.
- the method according to the invention can be extended to making non-guyed spans.
- Figures 22 and 23 describe the construction of a typical span in elevation and cross-section respectively.
- the longitudinal bending strength is imparted in the members by prestressing reinforcements such as 23 in the upper member and 9 in the lower member, supplemented as necessary by external prestressing members 30 of polygonal outline and overlapping at right supports constituted by crosspieces 31 carried by piles 32 and adjacent to diagonal junctions 6 at the upper frame 4.
- prestressing reinforcements 30 connect points 33 located on the crosspieces 31 near their ends, this is that is to say in the vicinity of nodes of the spatial lattice formed by the junction of the diagonals to the upper chord, passing through deflection points 34 which are other nodes of the spatial lattice, constituted by the junction of the diagonals to the lower chord .
- the resistance to cutting forces is supplemented by a prestressing of the diagonals such as 22, according to an embodiment identical to that which has been described for a guyed structure.
- the devices of the invention allow a remarkably simple embodiment, shown schematically in FIGS. 24 to 27.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
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- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à une nouvelle structure de pont constituée d'un tablier et de moyens pour supporter ce tablier, et en particulier à une nouvelle structure de pont haubané de grande portée, ainsi qu'à un procédé de construction d'un tel pont.The present invention relates to a new bridge structure consisting of an apron and means for supporting this apron, and in particular to a new cable-stayed bridge structure of large span, as well as to a method of constructing such a bridge.
Dans l'état actuel de la technique, le franchissement de grandes portées fait appel soit à des ponts suspendus, soit à des ponts haubanés. Les ponts suspendus sont économiquement justifiés pour les portées exceptionnelles, mais leur souplesse pose des problèmes pour la circulation, notamment ferroviaire, et pour la stabilité aéroélastique. De leur côté, les ponts à haubans ne présentent pas la sensibilité au vent des ponts suspendus, particulièrement si le tablier est construit en béton, matériau qui confère à la structure un poids suffisant et une grande rigidité. Le poids toutefois limite les portées, de sorte qu'au-delà du domaine d'application des ponts à haubans en béton, on a eu recours à des tabliers à structure mixte acier/béton ou à des tabliers entièrement métalliques.In the current state of the art, the crossing of large spans uses either suspension bridges or cable-stayed bridges. Suspension bridges are economically justified for exceptional spans, but their flexibility poses problems for traffic, especially rail, and for aeroelastic stability. Cable-stayed bridges, for their part, do not exhibit the wind sensitivity of suspension bridges, particularly if the deck is constructed of concrete, a material which gives the structure sufficient weight and great rigidity. The weight, however, limits the spans, so that beyond the field of application of concrete cable-stayed bridges, decks with a mixed steel / concrete structure or entirely metallic decks have been used.
Dans l'état actuel de la technique, les tabliers haubanés à structure mixte acier/béton ont toujours été constitués d'une membrure supérieure en béton formant dalle de chaussée, portée par des poutres de raidissement transversales et longitudinales destinées à transférer les charges aux haubans tout en assurant une rigidité suffisante au tablier. Les réalisations de ce type sont récentes et mettent en évidence les limitations actuelles des moyens connus, sur les points suivants:
- ― la cohabitation de la charpente métallique et du béton en ce qui concerne les effets du retrait et des déformations lentes du béton,
- ― l'apparition de gradients de température créés par l'exposition au soleil de surfaces métalliques ayant une faible inertie thermique,
- ― le risque de flambement d'ensemble de la structure par instabilité de la membrure inférieure des poutres longitudinales de rigidité, lorsque les contraintes dues aux charges, cumulées aux effets ci-dessus, s'approchent de la limite élastique en compression du métal,
- ― la très faible résistance de ce type de structure vis-à-vis d'efforts accidentels tels que l'impact d'un camion contre un hauban.
- - the coexistence of the metal frame and the concrete with regard to the effects of shrinkage and slow deformations of the concrete,
- - the appearance of temperature gradients created by the exposure to the sun of metallic surfaces having a low thermal inertia,
- - the risk of overall buckling of the structure by instability of the lower chord of the longitudinal stiffness beams, when the stresses due to the loads, combined with the above effects, approach the elastic limit in compression of the metal,
- - the very low resistance of this type of structure vis-à-vis accidental forces such as the impact of a truck against a shroud.
On peut remédier à plusieurs de ces inconvénients en augmentant la hauteur et l'importance des poutres longitudinales de rigidité, mais c'est au détriment de la prise au vent et de l'économie.Several of these drawbacks can be remedied by increasing the height and the importance of the longitudinal stiffness beams, but this is to the detriment of the wind resistance and the economy.
On peut aussi faire appel à des structures en treillis, car elles permettent d'obtenir économiquement une grande rigidité de flexion et de torsion, tout en assurant une transparence maximale vis-à-vis du vent.Lattice structures can also be used, because they make it possible to economically obtain great bending and torsional rigidity, while ensuring maximum transparency with respect to the wind.
En particulier, le document FR-A-1237124 avait décrit une structure de tablier de pont en treillis constituée de membrures tubulaires, à savoir deux membrures longitudinales supérieures et une membrure longitudinale inférieure, reliées entre elles par des membrures, dites diagonales, obliques à la fois par rapport à la verticale et à la direction du pont. La liaison entre les diagonales et les membrures longitudinales est obtenue par des demi-coquilles assemblées, englobant la membrure longitudinale et recevant l'extrémité des diagonales. Les membrures peuvent être raidies par des câbles de précontrainte longitudinaux et remplies de béton éventuellement précontraint.In particular, document FR-A-1237124 had described a truss bridge bridge structure made up of tubular members, namely two upper longitudinal members and one lower longitudinal member, connected together by members, called diagonal members, oblique to the times with respect to the vertical and the direction of the bridge. The connection between the diagonals and the longitudinal members is obtained by assembled half-shells, including the longitudinal member and receiving the end of the diagonals. The members can be stiffened by longitudinal prestressing cables and filled with possibly prestressed concrete.
Dans l'état actuel de la technique, de telles structures en treillis combinent généralement l'acier et le béton, mais malgré d'importantes recherches dans ce domaine, aucune solution vraiment satisfaisante n'a été trouvée pour transférer les efforts entre les membrures et les diagonales aux différents noeuds du treillis. Le comportement à long terme de telles solutions n'est pas connu et les prix de revient restent élevés.In the current state of the art, such trellis structures generally combine steel and concrete, but despite considerable research in this field, no truly satisfactory solution has been found to transfer the forces between the members and the diagonals at the different nodes of the trellis. The long-term behavior of such solutions is unknown and cost prices remain high.
L'objet de l'invention est de pallier tous les inconvénients précédemment rappelés, en proposant une structure nouvelle à la fois légère, rigide, et facile à réaliser, donc économique.The object of the invention is to overcome all the drawbacks mentioned above, by proposing a new structure which is both light, rigid, and easy to produce, therefore economical.
L'invention fournit, pour obtenir ce résultat, un pont constitué d'un tablier et de moyens pour supporter ce tablier, le tablier comprenant:
- ― une dalle de circulation,
- ― une membrure supérieure,
- ― une membrure inférieure formant un élément longitudinal continu,
- ― des poutres de liaison dites "diagonales" reliant les membrures supérieure et inférieure, dirigées obliquement à la fois par rapport à la verticale et par rapport à la longueur du pont, et formant avec les membrures, un treillis spatial, dans lequel deux diagonales adjacentes qui convergent vers le bas ont leurs axes qui convergent sur l'axe longitudinal de la membrure inférieure, et deux diagonales adjacentes qui convergent vers le haut ont leurs axes qui convergent dans le plan moyen de la membrure supérieure,
- ― des armatures de précontrainte disposées pour soumettre à une précontrainte les diagonales qui sont soumises à des efforts de traction importants, caractérisé en ce que la membrure supérieure constitue en elle-même la dalle de circulation, en ce que les armatures de précontrainte de deux diagonales soumises à des efforts de traction importants qui sont concourantes sur la membrure inférieure sont ancrées à leurs deux extrémités aux points de jonction de ces diagonales avec la membrure supérieure et dessinent un V dont le milieu est au point de jonction desdites diagonales avec la membrure inférieure.
- - a circulation slab,
- - an upper chord,
- - a lower chord forming a continuous longitudinal element,
- - so-called "diagonal" connecting beams connecting the upper and lower members, directed obliquely both with respect to the vertical and with respect to the length of the bridge, and forming with the members, a spatial trellis, in which two adjacent diagonals which converge downwards have their axes which converge on the longitudinal axis of the lower member, and two adjacent diagonals which converge upwards have their axes which converge in the middle plane of the upper member,
- - prestressing frames arranged to subject the diagonals which are subjected to significant tensile stresses, characterized in that the upper chord constitutes in itself the circulation slab, in that the prestressing frames of two diagonals subjected to significant tensile forces which are concurrent on the lower member are anchored at their two ends to the points of junction of these diagonals with the upper member and draw a V whose middle is at the point of junction of said diagonals with the lower member.
Par "treillis spatial", on entend une structure constituée d'éléments qu'on peut assimiler à des parties de plan ou à des segments de droite et reliés entre eux, cette structure n'étant pas comprise dans un plan. Dans la suite, on appellera "noeuds" les points de jonction de parties de plan et/ou de segments de droite.By "spatial lattice" is meant a structure made up of elements which can be compared to parts in plane or in line segments and linked together, this structure not being included in a plane. In the following, we will call "nodes" the junction points of plane parts and / or line segments.
De préférence, les parties des membrures qui sont soumises à des efforts de traction importants sont précontraintes par des moyens qui sont propres à chacune desdites membrures.Preferably, the parts of the members which are subjected to significant tensile forces are prestressed by means which are specific to each of said members.
Suivant des modalités préférées:
- ― la membrure inférieure est formée de tronçons successifs assemblés et est pourvue d'armatures longitudinales de précontrainte qui mettent en compression, chacune, plusieurs tronçons assemblés,
- ― les moyens de mise en précontrainte de la membrure supérieure sont constitués par des armatures de précontrainte reliant entre eux les noeuds du treillis spatial constitués par les points de jonction des diagonales avec ladite membrure supérieure.
- The lower chord is formed from successive assembled sections and is provided with longitudinal prestressing reinforcements which each compress several assembled sections,
- - The means for prestressing the upper member are constituted by prestressing frames connecting together the nodes of the space lattice formed by the junction points of the diagonals with said upper member.
La combinaison de ces trois dernières modalités aboutit à une structure particulièrement intéressante, car toutes les parties fortement tendues de la structure du tablier forment un réseau d'éléments précontraints.The combination of these last three modalities leads to a particularly interesting structure, because all the highly tensed parts of the structure of the deck form a network of prestressed elements.
Le tablier qu'on vient de décrire peut être intégré dans les ponts de conceptions diverses.The deck that has just been described can be integrated into bridges of various designs.
Pour des ouvrages de grande ou moyenne portée, on préfère un pont haubané, et dans ce cas on prévoit que les moyens pour supporter le tablier sont constitués par des haubans reliant des mâts de support à des noeuds du treillis spatial constitués par les points de jonction des diagonales avec la membrure supérieure. Dans cette hypothèse, pour des moyennes portées, on peut prévoir que le pont comprend au moins deux membrures inférieures continues, et un nombre égal de treillis spatiaux comprenant des diagonales dont les axes convergent sur l'axe d'une membrure inférieure, lesdites membrures étant reliées entre-elles par un contreventement, ces treillis spatiaux incluant chacun une partie de la membrure supérieure, et avantageusement, que ce pont comprend deux membrures inférieures et deux treillis spatiaux et en ce que les moyens pour supporter le tablier sont constitués par des haubans reliant les noeuds des treillis spatiaux qui sont situés dans le plan axial du pont à des mâts de support.For large or medium-span structures, a cable-stayed bridge is preferred, and in this case provision is made for the means for supporting the deck to be constituted by guy wires connecting support masts to nodes of the space trellis formed by the junction points. diagonals with the upper chord. In this hypothesis, for medium spans, it is possible to provide that the bridge comprises at least two continuous lower members, and an equal number of spatial trusses comprising diagonals whose axes converge on the axis of a lower member, said members being interconnected by a bracing, these spatial trusses each including a part of the upper chord, and advantageously, that this bridge comprises two lower chords and two spatial trusses and in that the means for supporting the deck consist of guy lines connecting the nodes of the spatial trusses which are located in the axial plane of the bridge to support masts.
Suivant une variante, également à portée moyenne, les moyens pour supporter le tablier sont constitués par des haubans reliant des mâts de support à des noeuds du treillis spatial constitués par les points de jonction des diagonales avec la membrure inférieure.According to a variant, also at medium range, the means for supporting the deck consist of guy wires connecting support masts to nodes of the spatial trellis formed by the points of junction of the diagonals with the lower member.
L'invention peut également être appliquée à des ponts de portées beaucoup plus faibles, et non haubanés. Dans de tels ponts où le tablier est construit de la manière conforme à l'invention indiquée plus haut, les moyens pour supporter le tablier sont constitués par des appuis transversaux sur lesquels repose la membrure supérieure, et il est prévu des armatures de précontrainte supplémentaires qui suivent un tracé polygonal reliant deux appuis transversaux successifs en passant par des points de renvoi situés sur la membrure inférieure, et, avantageusement, lesdites armatures de précontrainte supplémentaires ne sont pas dans le plan axial du pont.The invention can also be applied to bridges with much smaller spans, and not guyed. In such bridges where the deck is constructed in the manner in accordance with the invention indicated above, the means for supporting the deck consist of transverse supports on which the upper frame rests, and additional prestressing frames are provided which follow a polygonal path connecting two successive transverse supports passing through reference points located on the lower member, and, advantageously, said additional prestressing reinforcements are not in the axial plane of the bridge.
Les moyens de jonction des diagonales aux membrures sont un élément très important pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention. Suivant une modalité préférée, pour assurer la jonction entre les diagonales et la membrure inférieure, il est prévu des goussets en tôle pliée, comportant deux ailes qui sont chacune dans un plan longitudinal contenant l'axe de diagonales qui sont fixées sur lui, le gousset étant fixé sur la membrure inférieure de telle façon que l'axe de pliure des ailes du gousset coïncide avec l'axe longitudinal de la membrure inférieure. Avantageusement, on prévoit aussi que la membrure inférieure est formée de tronçons successifs assemblés, et au moins certains des goussets sont fixés aux points d'assemblages de tronçons successifs.The means of joining the diagonals to the frames are a very important element for the implementation of the invention. According to a preferred method, to ensure the junction between the diagonals and the lower member, there are provided folded sheet gussets, comprising two wings which are each in a longitudinal plane containing the axis of diagonals which are fixed on it, the gusset being fixed on the lower chord so that the fold axis of the gusset wings coincides with the longitudinal axis of the lower chord. Advantageously, provision is also made for the lower member to be formed from successive sections assembled, and at least some of the gussets are fixed to the points of assembly of successive sections.
Suivant une autre modalité préférée, qui se combine avantageusement avec la précédente, pour assurer la jonction entre les diagonales et la membrure supérieure, il est prévu des goussets comportant une aile inférieure située dans un plan longitudinal contenant l'axe des diagonales qui sont fixées sur lui, et une aile supérieure qui est fixée sur la membrure supérieure, de telle façon que l'axe de pliure des ailes du gousset se trouve dans le plan médian de la membrure supérieure.According to another preferred method, which advantageously combines with the previous one, to ensure the junction between the diagonals and the upper chord, gussets are provided comprising a lower wing situated in a longitudinal plane containing the axis of the diagonals which are fixed on him, and an upper wing which is fixed on the upper chord, so that the fold axis of the wings of the gusset is in the median plane of the upper chord.
Dans ce cas, suivant des modes de réalisation intéressants:
- ― le gousset porte des points d'ancrage pour des armatures de précontrainte des diagonales et des points d'ancrage pour des armatures de précontrainte de la membrure supérieure,
- ― la liaison entre le gousset et la membrure supérieure est une liaison béton-acier,
- ― l'aile supérieure du gousset a son plan médian situé dans un plan longitudinal contenant l'axe de haubans supportant le pont, ces haubans étant fixés sur ledit gousset. On peut prévoir aussi que l'aile supérieure est dédoublée en deux ailes parallèles entre lesquelles est fixé le hauban, l'axe de pliure étant dans ce cas constitué par l'intersection des plans médians des ailes supérieure et inférieure.
- - the gusset carries anchor points for diagonal prestressing reinforcements and anchor points for prestressing reinforcements of the upper member,
- - the connection between the gusset and the upper chord is a concrete-steel connection,
- - The upper wing of the gusset has its median plane located in a longitudinal plane containing the axis of shrouds supporting the bridge, these shrouds being fixed on said gusset. It can also be provided that the upper wing is split into two parallel wings between which the shroud is fixed, the fold axis being in this case formed by the intersection of the median planes of the upper and lower wings.
Pour obtenir une plus grande légéreté, dans les ponts à très grande portée, on peut prévoir en outre que la membrure supérieure constitue une dalle de béton renforcée par des profilés métalliques continus et des armatures de précontrainte disposées perpendiculairement à ces profilés métalliques.In order to obtain greater lightness, in very long span bridges, provision may also be made for the upper chord to constitute a concrete slab reinforced by continuous metal sections and prestressing reinforcements arranged perpendicularly to these metal sections.
Selon l'invention, la membrure supérieure de l'ouvrage formant dalle de chaussée ou portant la circulation ferroviaire, est réalisée en béton armé ou précontraint; la membrure inférieure peut être soit en béton armé ou précontraint, soit en structure mixte acier/béton, soit entièrement métallique. On peut utiliser avantageusement un tube métallique rempli de béton dont les caractéristiques sont décrites plus avant. Dans la forme la plus simple de l'invention, les membrures inférieure et supérieure sont reliées entre elles par une série de diagonales situées dans deux plans obliques formant un triangle isocèle dans la section transversale.According to the invention, the upper chord of the structure forming a pavement slab or carrying railway traffic is made of reinforced or prestressed concrete; the lower chord can be either in reinforced or prestressed concrete, or in a mixed steel / concrete structure, or entirely metallic. It is advantageous to use a metal tube filled with concrete, the characteristics of which are described further on. In the simplest form of the invention, the lower and upper members are interconnected by a series of diagonals located in two oblique planes forming an isosceles triangle in the cross section.
Dans le cas d'un ouvrage haubané les deux rives de la dalle supérieure comportent à intervalles réguliers les ancrages des haubans de suspension, au point de concours des diagonales précédemment citées.In the case of a guyed structure, the two edges of the upper slab have the anchors of the suspension shrouds at regular intervals, at the point of intersection of the diagonals mentioned above.
Les avantages de cette disposition résident dans l'alliance de la rigidité de torsion et de flexion de la section avec le minimum de poids et de prise au vent, autorisant d'importantes économies par rapport aux procédés de réalisation actuellement connus.The advantages of this arrangement lie in the alliance of the torsional and bending stiffness of the section with the minimum weight and wind resistance, allowing significant savings compared to the currently known production methods.
L'invention fournit en outre un procédé de construction original, adapté à la structure de pont qu'on vient de décrire.The invention further provides an original construction method, adapted to the bridge structure which has just been described.
Ce procédé comprend les étapes suivantes:
- ― placer, sur une partie de tablier déjà montée, deux poutres longitudinales de bordure provisoire, de part et d'autre de la membrure supérieure, en porte-à-faux d'une longueur au moins égale à la dimension longitudinale d'une maille du treillis spatial, chaque poutre étant maintenue par deux noeuds successifs du treillis spatial déjà monté,
- ― amener une nouvelle maille de treillis spatial, cette maille comprenant au moins un noeud situé sur la membrure inférieure, deux noeuds situés sur la membrure supérieure, et les diagonales correspondant à ces noeuds,
- ― solidariser cette nouvelle maille et la partie de tablier déjà montée, en soutenant la nouvelle maille à l'aide des poutres de bordure provisoire,
- ― recommencer les opérations en faisant avancer les poutres de bordure provisoire le long de la maille qu'on vient de fixer.
- - place, on an already assembled part of the deck, two longitudinal beams with a temporary border, on either side of the upper chord, in cantilever with a length at least equal to the longitudinal dimension of a mesh of the space trellis, each beam being held by two successive nodes of the space truss already assembled,
- - bring a new spatial lattice mesh, this mesh comprising at least one node located on the lower member, two nodes located on the upper member, and the diagonals corresponding to these nodes,
- - securing this new mesh and the part of the deck already assembled, supporting the new mesh using the temporary edge beams,
- - repeat the operations by advancing the provisional border beams along the mesh that has just been fixed.
Dans le cas d'un pont haubané, de préférence, lors de la solidarisation de la nouvelle maille avec la partie de tablier déjà montée, on fixe également un hauban de suspension sur ladite nouvelle maille.In the case of a cable-stayed bridge, preferably, when the new link is secured to the deck part already mounted, a suspension guy wire is also fixed on said new link.
Avantageusement, que le pont soit haubané ou non, on utilise des poutres de bordure provisoire pourvues de moyens tels que des plots pour les immobiliser en position correcte par rapport aux mailles du treillis spatial déjà monté.Advantageously, whether the bridge is guyed or not, use is made of temporary edge beams provided with means such as studs to immobilize them in the correct position relative to the meshes of the space trellis already assembled.
L'invention va maintenant être décrite de façon plus détaillée, à l'aide d'exemples pratiques, non limitatifs, illustrés à l'aide des dessins, parmi lesquels:
- La figure 1 est une élévation longitudinale d'un pont haubané conformé à l'invention.
- La figure 2 est la vue en plan du même ouvrage.
- La figure 3 est une coupe transversale courante d'un tablier haubané montrant la membrure supérieure en béton formant dalle de chaussée, les diagonales dans les plans obliques et la membrure inférieure tubulaire.
- La figure 4 est une vue en plan de l'ossature du tablier.
- Les figures 5a et 5b sont des vues axonométriques partielles du tablier montrant les mêmes éléments composants que sur la figure 4, pour un pont haubané ou non haubané.
- Les figures 6 à 9 incluses montrent le détail d'un tronçon élémentaire de la membrure inférieure, sa constitution, le noeud de raccordement avec les diagonales et d'assemblage avec les tronçons adjacents et enfin le détail du joint entre deux tronçons.
- Les figures 10 à 13 montrent le détail du noeud d'assemblage supérieur selon les trois vues (coupe transversale, élévation longitudinale et vue en plan) ainsi qu'une variante de réalisation de l'attache des haubans.
- Les figures 14 à 17 montrent les éléments structuraux complémentaires nécessaires à la réalisation de l'invention selon l'intensité des charges supportées par le tablier et les dimensions géométriques de celui-ci.
- Les figures 18 et 19 montrent deux autres modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention selon lesquels une suspension haubanée unique est disposée au centre de l'ouvrage.
- Les figures 20 et 21 sont des coupes, respectivement transversale et longitudinale, partielles, illustrant un mode alternatif de réalisation de la dalle supérieure selon lequel des profilés métalliques sont noyés dans la dalle en béton, de préférence dans le sens longitudinal de l'ouvrage pour coopérer avec le béton à la résistance vis-à-vis de l'effort axial dans le tablier, le solidarisation entre le béton de la dalle et les profilés métalliques étant assurée par une précontrainte orthogonale à la direction des profilés.
- Les figures 22 et 23 sont une vue longitudinale et une coupe transversale montrant l'application de l'invention à la réalisation de travées non haubanées, par exemple les travées d'accès situées de part et d'autre d'une travée centrale haubanée.
- Les figures 24 à 27 montrent les phases constructives successives du tablier conforme à l'invention et les moyens particuliers nécessaires à cette construction.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of a cable-stayed bridge according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is the plan view of the same work.
- Figure 3 is a common cross-section of a cable-stayed deck showing the upper concrete member forming the paving slab, the diagonals in the oblique planes and the lower tubular member.
- Figure 4 is a plan view of the framework of the deck.
- Figures 5a and 5b are partial axonometric views of the deck showing the same component elements as in Figure 4, for a guyed or non-guyed bridge.
- Figures 6 to 9 inclusive show the detail of an elementary section of the lower member, its constitution, the connection node with the diagonals and assembly with the adjacent sections and finally the detail of the joint between two sections.
- Figures 10 to 13 show the detail of the upper assembly node according to the three views (cross section, longitudinal elevation and plan view) as well as an alternative embodiment of the attachment of the shrouds.
- FIGS. 14 to 17 show the additional structural elements necessary for carrying out the invention according to the intensity of the loads supported by the deck and the geometric dimensions of the latter.
- Figures 18 and 19 show two other particular embodiments of the invention according to which a single guyed suspension is arranged in the center of the structure.
- FIGS. 20 and 21 are partial sections, respectively transverse and longitudinal, illustrating an alternative embodiment of the upper slab according to which metal sections are embedded in the concrete slab, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the structure for cooperate with the concrete to the resistance vis-à-vis the axial force in the deck, the connection between the concrete of the slab and the metal profiles being provided by a prestress orthogonal to the direction of the profiles.
- Figures 22 and 23 are a longitudinal view and a cross section showing the application of the invention to the production of non-guyed spans, for example the access spans located on either side of a central guyed span.
- Figures 24 to 27 show the successive construction phases of the deck according to the invention and the particular means necessary for this construction.
Dans la réalisation des figures 1 et 2, le pont conforme à l'invention comprend un tablier 1 constitué d'une série d'éléments spaciaux triangulés suspendus à des haubans 2, en des points régulièrement espacés. Ces haubans sont fixés vers le sommet des mâts de support 3. Par souci de clarté, la travée centrale est représentée avec huit éléments seulement suspendus par trois haubans de part et d'autre de la clef. Dans le ponts de grande portée, l'espacement des haubans est variable de 10 à 20 m et le nombre de haubans dans la demi-travée centrale peut atteindre 20 à 25.In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the bridge according to the invention comprises an apron 1 consisting of a series of triangular spatial elements suspended from
Sous sa forme la plus simple, la section transversale du tablier 1 représentée sur la figure 3 est un triangle isocèle constitué par une dalle (ou membrure) supérieure 4, une membrure inférieure 5 et des diagonales 6, sans appuis intermédiaires de la dalle supérieure 4 entre les deux rives du pont. La vue en plan de la figure 4 montre, en outre, que les plans des diagonales sont découpés en triangles tous identiques dont les sommets sont alternativement situés sur les rives de la dalle supérieure 4 et sur la membrure centrale inférieure 5.In its simplest form, the cross section of the deck 1 shown in Figure 3 is an isosceles triangle consisting of an upper slab (or chord) 4, a
La membrure inférieure 5, dont le détail est donné sur la figure 6, est décomposée, pour la réalisation de l'ouvrage, en tronçons de longueur égale séparés par des joints permettant un assemblage rapide lors de la construction.The
La membrure inférieure 5 est, dans l'exemple décrit, un tube métallique 7 rempli ou non de béton, selon l'emplacement sur la longueur du pont et la nature des contraintes que la sollicitent. Suivant les nécessités du projet et notamment l'intensité et le sens des efforts appliqués à cette membrure dans l'ouvrage, il peut être nécessaire et avantageux de prévoir séparément ou simultanément les armatures ordinaires ou armatures de précontrainte suivantes:
- ― des armatures passives noyées dans la béton dans les zones où l'effort de compression est important pour réduire la contrainte dans les matériaux,
- ― des armatures de précontrainte prétendues mises en tension avant coulage du béton et ancrées sur les brides d'extrémité de chaque tronçon de tube, destinées à placer le tube métallique sous une compression longitudinale permanente,
- ― des armatures de précontrainte post-tendues, placées sous gaine 8 à l'intérieur du béton de remplissage et destinées à mettre l'ensemble du tube métallique et du béton de remplissage sous une compression longitudinale permanente,
- ― des armatures de précontrainte post-tendues 9 placées à l'extérieur du tube et tendues dans l'ouvrage sur plusieurs tronçons après assemblage de ceux-ci.
- - passive reinforcements embedded in concrete in areas where the compression force is important to reduce the stress in the materials,
- - pretensioned reinforcement put in tension before pouring the concrete and anchored on the end flanges of each section of tube, intended to place the metal tube under permanent longitudinal compression,
- - post-tensioned prestressing reinforcements, placed under sheath 8 inside the filling concrete and intended to put the whole of the metal tube and the filling concrete under permanent longitudinal compression,
- -
Post-tensioned prestressing reinforcements 9 placed outside the tube and stretched in the structure over several sections after assembly of these.
L'assemblage entre tronçons successifs de la membrure inférieure se fait par des brides 10 placées en regard l'une de l'autre et réunies longitudinalement par des boulons haute résistance 11. Les brides d'extrémité de chaque tronçon comportent en outre un gousset 12 plié selon le plan des diagonales obliques permettant un assemblage par soudure de celles-ci avec la membrure principale inférieure. Les brides comportent enfin et en tant que de besoin les ancrages de la précontrainte extérieure de la membrure inférieure. L'axe de pliage du gousset 12 coïncide avec l'axe du tube 7.The assembly between successive sections of the lower member is made by
Au moins certains des tronçons du tube sont remplis de béton. Le béton de remplissage du tube, s'il existe, peut être mis en oeuvre avant ou après assemblage de la membrure dans l'ouvrage. Dans les deux cas, il est avantageux de mettre en compression le béton de remplissage à l'intérieur de son enveloppe métallique pour combattre les effets ultérieurs du retrait et améliorer l'adhérence relative des deux matériaux. Contrairement aux ouvrages faisant appel à une membrure composite tube métallique/béton de remplissage où les variations d'effort et par conséquent les contraintes d'adhérence se produisent de façon continue le long de la membrure, dans l'ouvrage objet de l'invention, de telles variations d'effort n'apparaissent qu'au droit des noeuds de liaison avec les diagonales, dans une zone où les dispositions utilisées rendent impossible tout glissement relatif du béton et du tube. A cet effet, des raidisseurs ou connecteurs 13 sont prévus au voisinage de la bride.At least some of the sections of the tube are filled with concrete. The tube filling concrete, if it exists, can be used before or after assembling the frame in the structure. In both cases, it is advantageous to compress the filling concrete inside its metallic envelope to combat the subsequent effects of shrinkage and improve the relative adhesion of the two materials. Contrary to works using a composite metal tube / concrete filling member where the variations in force and consequently the adhesion stresses occur continuously along the member, in the object of the invention, such variations in force appear only at the right of the connecting nodes with the diagonals, in an area where the arrangements used make it impossible for relative sliding of the concrete and the tube. For this purpose, stiffeners or
Du point de vue constructif, le remplissage en béton du tube et sa mise en compression se fait aisément avec la coopération d'un ou de deux obturateurs provisoires placés aux extrémités du tube et fixés aux brides d'extrémité par une série de boulons provisoires.From a constructive point of view, the concrete filling of the tube and its compression is easily done with the cooperation of one or two temporary plugs placed at the ends of the tube and fixed to the end flanges by a series of temporary bolts.
Dans le cas où le béton est mis en oeuvre avant assemblage de la membrure dans l'ouvrage, il est prévu un dispositif d'injection 14 dans le joint entre deux tronçons successifs, pour assurer une parfaite transmission des efforts longitudinaux dans le béton de remplissage.In the case where the concrete is used before assembly of the frame in the structure, an
Le noeud supérieur sur les rives de l'ouvrage assure la transmission des efforts des diagonales obliques à la dalle supérieure en même temps que la suspension aux haubans. Selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur les figures 10, 11 et 12, dont sont données respectivement une coupe transversale, une vue longitudinale et une vue horizontale du noeud, l'élément essentiel de l'assemblage est un gousset 15 en tôle pliée dont la partie supérieure est confondue avec le plan de suspension des haubans 2, et la partie inférieure est située dans le plan des diagonales obliques 6. Le hauban y est fixé par des moyens connus tels que chapes 16 et axe 17 ou, selon la variante représentée sur la figure 13, par un dédoublement du gousset permettant la fixation de l'ancrage inférieur du hauban. Les diagonales sont aisément liées au gousset par soudure le long d'une fente pratiquée dans le tube. Pour assurer la décomposition des efforts selon les lois de la statique, l'arête de pliure 18 du gousset est située dans le plan moyen 19 de la dalle de chaussée. Le gousset porte en outre les ancrages 20, 21 des armatures 22, 23 de la diagonale 6 et de la dalle supérieure 4.The upper knot on the banks of the structure ensures the transmission of forces from the oblique diagonals to the upper slab at the same time as the suspension on the shrouds. According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12, which are given respectively a cross section, a longitudinal view and a horizontal view of the node, the essential element of the assembly is a
Selon l'invention, la transmission de tous les efforts se fait ainsi selon un cheminement direct en éliminant toute soudure ou tout assemblage travaillant à l'arrachement qui présente toujours un risque potentiel. Dans tous les noeuds inférieur et supérieur de la structure, les goussets continus prévus assurent une interpénétration des membrures et des diagonales pour réaliser le cheminement direct des efforts mentionné ci-dessus.According to the invention, the transmission of all the forces is thus carried out along a direct path, eliminating any welding or any assembly working at tearing which always presents a potential risk. In all the lower and upper nodes of the structure, the continuous gussets provided ensure an interpenetration of the members and the diagonals to achieve the direct path of the forces mentioned above.
Dans l'équilibre général de l'ouvrage et au voisinage de la partie centrale de la travée principale, des efforts de traction importants apparaissent, soit sous l'effet de diffusion des forces concentrées des haubans, soit sous l'application des surcharges, dans le trois éléments suivants du treillis:
- ― la membrure supérieure entre les points d'attache des haubans,
- ― les diagonales orientées dans le prolongement des haubans,
- ― la membrure inférieure entre les noeuds d'attaches des diagonales ci-dessus.
- - the upper chord between the attachment points of the shrouds,
- - the diagonals oriented in the extension of the shrouds,
- - the lower chord between the fastening nodes of the above diagonals.
Ces éléments sont signalés par des tirets à la figure 1.These elements are indicated by dashes in Figure 1.
Pour assurer l'équilibre du pont sous ces efforts de traction, il est prévu selon l'invention de mettre en oeuvre les trois familles d'armatures de précontrainte suivantes:
- ― des armatures longitudinales supérieures 23 ancrées dans les goussets supérieurs d'attache des haubans,
- ― des armatures obliques en
V 22 placées à l'intérieur des diagonales tendues; les armatures sont déviées à la partie basse dans la bride de la membrure inférieure et ancrées à la partie supérieure dans le même gousset d'assemblage que ci-dessus, - ― des armatures longitudinales inférieures 9 extérieures à la membrure inférieure et précédemment décrites.
- - upper
longitudinal reinforcements 23 anchored in the upper gusset attachment gussets, - - oblique V-
frames 22 placed inside the tensioned diagonals; the reinforcements are deflected at the bottom in the flange of the lower member and anchored at the top in the same assembly gusset as above, - - Lower
longitudinal reinforcements 9 outside the lower chord and previously described.
Les dispositions proposées assurent un transfert direct de toutes les charges et une continuité complète de tous les efforts des haubans, des deux membrures et des diagonales.The proposed arrangements ensure direct transfer of all the loads and complete continuity of all the efforts of the shrouds, the two members and the diagonals.
Lorsque les dimensions transversales du pont l'exigent, on peut être amené à incorporer des éléments de structures complémentaires figurant sur les figures 14 à 17:
- ― des poteaux intermédiaires 24 permettent de réduire les portées de la chaussée, donc son épaisseur, son poids et ses armatures,
- ― des pièces de
pont transversales 25 réunissant par exemple les deux goussets de raccordement sur les rives pour diviser la dalle de chaussée en panneaux travaillant dans les deux sens longitudinal et transversal.
- -
intermediate posts 24 make it possible to reduce the spans of the roadway, therefore its thickness, its weight and its reinforcements, - -
transverse bridge parts 25 bringing together for example the two connection gussets on the banks to divide the floor slab into panels working in both longitudinal and transverse directions.
Dans certains ouvrages de portée moyenne (200 à 400 m par exemple), on peut envisager de n'utiliser qu'un seul plan de suspension, tous les haubans étant disposés dans le plan de symétrie du pont. Les figures 18 et 19 donnent deux dispositions possibles, toutes deux faisant partie de l'invention.In certain works of medium span (200 to 400 m for example), it is possible to envisage using only a single suspension plane, all the stays being arranged in the plane of symmetry of the bridge. Figures 18 and 19 give two possible arrangements, both forming part of the invention.
Dans la disposition de la figure 18, les haubans 2 traversent la membrure supérieure 4 à travers des guides 26 conçus pour amortir les vibrations du système, et viennent s'ancrer dans la membrure inférieure, à l'endroit des noeuds du treillis spatial constitués par le jonction des diagonales avec la membrure inférieure.In the arrangement of FIG. 18, the
Dans la disposition de la figure 19, il y a deux membrures inférieures 5 parallèles, et deux treillis spatiaux constitués chacun d'une membrure inférieure, d'une moitié de la membrure supérieure 4 qui est au-dessus de cette membrure inférieure, et de diagonales 6 qui relient chaque membrure inférieure à la moitié de membrure supérieure qui lui correspond. Un contreventement 27 relie les deux membrures inférieures 5 et rigidifie l'ensemble en assurant la continuité du contour extérieur et la stabilité de la section transversale, et la rigidité en torsion du tablier.In the arrangement of FIG. 19, there are two parallel
Enfin, dans les ouvrages de très grande portée (600 à 900 m par exemple), il est vital de réduire le poids du tablier autant que faire se peut. Dans ce but, la dalle de chaussée est elle-même constituée d'une structure mixte comprenant des profilés métalliques continus et du béton disposé entre ceux-ci, la solidarisation des matériaux étant réalisée par une précontrainte orthogonale à la direction des profilés. Le confinement conféré au béton de la dalle par les profilés métalliques permet de réduire à 0,10 m l'épaisseur minimale de la dalle sans risque de poinçonnement sous les charges concentrées des véhicules. Aux figures 20 et 21 on peut voir des profilés métalliques 28, disposés dans le sens longitudinal, et des armatures de précontrainte 29 disposées transversalement, ces profilés et armatures étant placés dans l'épaisseur de la chaussée. Il est clair qu'on peut aussi disposer différemment les profilés et armatures.Finally, in very large structures (600 to 900 m for example), it is vital to reduce the weight of the deck as much as possible. To this end, the floor slab itself is made up of a mixed structure comprising continuous metal sections and concrete placed between them, the materials being joined together by a prestress orthogonal to the direction of the sections. The confinement conferred on the concrete of the slab by the metal profiles allows the minimum thickness of the slab to be reduced to 0.10 m without the risk of puncturing under the concentrated loads of vehicles. In Figures 20 and 21 we can see
Conçu essentiellement pour la réalisation de ponts haubannés de grande portée, le procédé conforme à l'invention peut être étendu à la réalisation de portées non haubanées. Le cas se présente lorsqu'une grande travée à réaliser au-dessus d'une brèche ou d'un chenal de navigation est encadrée de viaducs d'accès qui peuvent être avantageusement construits selon les mêmes procédés que l'ouvrage principal.Designed essentially for making long-span guyed bridges, the method according to the invention can be extended to making non-guyed spans. The case arises when a large span to be built above a breach or a navigation channel is framed by access viaducts which can advantageously be built according to the same procedures as the main structure.
Les figures 22 et 23 décrivent la constitution d'une travée type en élévation et en coupe transversale respectivement.Figures 22 and 23 describe the construction of a typical span in elevation and cross-section respectively.
La résistance de flexion longitudinale est conférée dans les membrures par des armatures de précontrainte telles que 23 dans la membrure supérieure et 9 dans la membrure inférieure, complétées en tant que de besoin par des armatures de précontrainte extérieure 30 à tracé polygonal et se recouvrant au droit des appuis constitués par des traverses 31 portées par des piles 32 et adjacentes à des jonctions de diagonales 6 à la membrure supérieure 4. Ces armatures de précontrainte extérieure 30 relient des points 33 situés sur les traverses 31 à proximité de leurs extrémités, c'est-à-dire à proximité de noeuds du treillis spatial constitués par la jonction des diagonales à la membrure supérieure, en passant par des points de déviation 34 qui sont d'autres noeuds du treillis spatial, constitués par la jonction des diagonales à la membrure inférieure.The longitudinal bending strength is imparted in the members by prestressing reinforcements such as 23 in the upper member and 9 in the lower member, supplemented as necessary by
La résistance aux efforts tranchants est complétée par une précontrainte des diagonales telle que 22, selon un mode de réalisation identique à celui qui a été décrit pour une structure haubanée.The resistance to cutting forces is supplemented by a prestressing of the diagonals such as 22, according to an embodiment identical to that which has been described for a guyed structure.
Du point de vue constructif, les dispositifs de l'invention permettent une réalisation remarquablement simple exposée schématiquement sur les figures 24 à 27.From a constructive point of view, the devices of the invention allow a remarkably simple embodiment, shown schematically in FIGS. 24 to 27.
Supposant le tablier construit jusqu'à la configuration représentée sur la figure 24, les étapes ci-après permettent la réalisation de la phase suivante;
- ― Avancement longitudinal de deux poutres de bordure provisoires 35 situées en rive immédiatement au-dessous des noeuds supérieures d'assemblage. Ces poutres présentent la résistance suffisante pour supporter en porte-à-faux le poids propre d'un nouveau tronçon de charpente sur la distance séparant deux haubans successifs. Chaque poutre présente une longueur un peu supérieure à deux fois la distance ci-dessus. Au centre, la poutre est immobilisée par un pion de centrage 36 et des barres de suspension au droit du dernier hauban posé (figure 24). A l'arrière, la poutre trouve son appui au droit du hauban précédent. On transporte et place par des moyens connus le nouveau tronçon de charpente (membrure supérieure, quatre diagonales et deux goussets supérieurs réunis provisoirement par un palonnier transversal assurant la rigidité spatiale de l'élément) qui repose à sa position définitive sur l'extrémité des deux poutres longitudinales provisoires. On peut accoster la membrure inférieure et solidariser les brides. On immobilise ensuite les goussets supérieurs sur les poutres par des pions (permettant en même temps le réglage du profil en long de l'ouvrage) et des barres de suspension, puis on met en place un nouveau hauban.
- ― Il est désormais possible de couler le béton de la dalle supérieure dont le poids est porté à l'arrière par la partie déjà construite du tablier et à l'avant par le nouveau hauban dont la tension peut être réglée pour réaliser le profil en long souhaité de l'ouvrage.
- - Longitudinal advancement of two temporary edge beams 35 located on the bank immediately below the upper assembly nodes. These beams have sufficient strength to support the self-weight of a new section of frame over the distance separating two successive guy wires. Each beam has a length slightly greater than twice the distance above. In the center, the beam is immobilized by a centering
pin 36 and suspension bars in line with the last guyed strut (Figure 24). At the rear, the beam finds its support to the right of the preceding shroud. The new frame section is transported and placed by known means (upper chord, four diagonals and two upper gussets provisionally joined by a cross beam ensuring the spatial rigidity of the element) which rests in its final position on the end of the two provisional longitudinal beams. You can dock the lower frame and secure the flanges. The upper gussets are then immobilized on the beams by pins (allowing at the same time the adjustment of the profile along the structure) and suspension bars, then a new stay cable is put in place. - - It is now possible to pour the concrete of the upper slab, the weight of which is carried at the rear by the already built part of the deck and at the front by the new guy wire, the tension of which can be adjusted to achieve the longitudinal profile desired of the book.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits ci-dessus et il est possible d'apporter à ceux-ci des modifications sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, défini par les revendications annexées.Of course, the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above and it is possible to make modifications to them without departing from the scope of the invention, defined by the appended claims.
Claims (21)
characterised in that the upper chord (4) itself forms the roadway slab, in that the prestressing reinforcements (22) of two diagonals (6) subjected to high tensile forces converging on the lower chord are anchored at their two ends to the junction points of these diagonals with the upper chord (4) and form a V, the centre of which is at the junction point of the said diagonals with the lower chord (5).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88400740T ATE67256T1 (en) | 1987-03-27 | 1988-03-25 | BRIDGE, CONSISTING OF A DECK AND ITS CARRIER, IN PARTICULAR CABLE-SPEARED BRIDGE AND METHOD FOR THEIR CONSTRUCTION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8704338 | 1987-03-27 | ||
FR8704338A FR2612963B1 (en) | 1987-03-27 | 1987-03-27 | BRIDGE CONSISTING OF AN APRON AND MEANS FOR SUPPORTING IT, ESPECIALLY A LONG-RANGE SHAFT BRIDGE AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION THEREOF |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0288350A1 EP0288350A1 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
EP0288350B1 true EP0288350B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
Family
ID=9349520
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880400740 Expired - Lifetime EP0288350B1 (en) | 1987-03-27 | 1988-03-25 | Bridge consisting of a deck and its supporting means, especially a large-span cable-stayed bridge, and its construction process |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4993094A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0288350B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0733644B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE67256T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1292600C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3864726D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2026263T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2612963B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3003029T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT87107A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1988007604A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2626910B1 (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1990-06-29 | Muller Jean | DEVICE FOR HANGING A STAY ON A CONCRETE APRON OF A BRIDGE, AND BRIDGE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH DEVICES |
FR2626909A1 (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-08-11 | Muller Jean | HAUBANE BRIDGE AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION |
FR2629111B1 (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1990-11-30 | Muller Jean | APRON FOR LARGE LENGTH BRIDGE |
FR2661433B1 (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1994-06-03 | Scerer | FLOOR SLAB OF A BRIDGE, ESPECIALLY LARGE SPAN. |
GB2292576B (en) * | 1993-05-01 | 1996-11-06 | Maunsell Structural Plastics | A bridge |
DE19510582C2 (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 1998-07-16 | Krupp Foerdertechnik Gmbh | Layable bridge that can be assembled from individual parts |
US6070533A (en) | 1995-08-02 | 2000-06-06 | Pugin; Andre O. | Elevated cableway system |
DE69728070T2 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2005-01-20 | Aerobus International, Inc., Houston | Elevated cable car |
CA2427152A1 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-10-29 | Mamdouh M. El-Badry | Corrosion-free bridge system |
US7708497B2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2010-05-04 | Waterfront Construction, Inc. | Floating platform and method of constructing the same |
US8297017B2 (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2012-10-30 | Plattforms, Inc. | Precast composite structural floor system |
US8161691B2 (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2012-04-24 | Plattforms, Inc. | Precast composite structural floor system |
US8381485B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2013-02-26 | Plattforms, Inc. | Precast composite structural floor system |
US8453406B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2013-06-04 | Plattforms, Inc. | Precast composite structural girder and floor system |
KR101029165B1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-12 | 한우물중공업(주) | Hybrid girder for bridge |
CN102644241B (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-07-30 | 广东省长大公路工程有限公司 | Space curved cable bent tower of cable-stayed bridge |
US9422680B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2016-08-23 | Guido FURLANETTO | Deck |
CN104947588B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2016-09-21 | 清华大学 | Concrete filled steel tube-combination beam Cable-stayed Bridges system and construction method thereof |
KR101794683B1 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-11-07 | 한국철도기술연구원 | Launching Method of Composite CFT Truss Girder Bridge |
AT520386B1 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-10-15 | Univ Wien Tech | Method of making an integral bridge and integral bridge |
US11926977B2 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2024-03-12 | Allied Steel | Bridge truss system |
CN108374338B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2023-08-29 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Cable-stayed bridge or suspension bridge tower without lower cross beam |
CN109610291B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2024-04-02 | 中国船舶重工集团应急预警与救援装备股份有限公司 | Large-span flexible reinforced emergency bridge and flat pushing and erecting method thereof |
CN113235442B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-05-31 | 广西路桥工程集团有限公司 | From novel assembled 0# piece construction bracket of taking pre-compaction subassembly |
CN113235443B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-05-31 | 广西路桥工程集团有限公司 | Pre-pressing construction method of assembly type 0# block construction bracket |
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FR1237124A (en) * | 1958-07-23 | 1960-07-29 | Improvements made to structures or assemblies of the kind comprising members of large section | |
DE1152436B (en) * | 1961-05-13 | 1963-08-08 | Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh | Isotropic support for building bridges or the like. |
US3712010A (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1973-01-23 | Univ Iowa State Res Found | Prestressed metal and concrete composite structure |
DE2413815C2 (en) * | 1974-03-22 | 1975-09-04 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag, 8000 Muenchen | Method for the production of a cable-stayed bridge in the section-wise free front structure |
US4161088A (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1979-07-17 | Gugliotta Paul F | Pipe-and-ball truss array |
US4489659A (en) * | 1979-01-10 | 1984-12-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Truss-type girder for supporting a movable body |
US4282619A (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1981-08-11 | Havens Steel Company | Truss structure |
FR2494741A1 (en) * | 1980-11-25 | 1982-05-28 | Bouygues Sa | PRECONTROL CONCRETE STRUCTURE COMPRISING TWO PLATES CONNECTED BY A TRELLIS, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, ELEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD, AND APPLICATION TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DECK, COVER OR FLOOR APRON ELEMENT |
DE3132398C2 (en) * | 1981-08-17 | 1985-05-09 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München | Reinforcement girders for a cable-stayed bridge |
FR2526062A1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-04 | Ministere Transports | Method of constructing bridge spans - comprises interconnecting beams encased in concrete using transverse prestressed bars |
US4543008A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1985-09-24 | Conoco Inc. | Stiffening for complex tubular joints |
FR2556377B1 (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1986-10-24 | Bouygues Sa | BRIDGE MESH, BRIDGE TRUNK COMPRISING SUCH LATTICE AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING THE BRIDGE |
FR2564871B1 (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1986-08-29 | Travaux Publics Indl Entrepris | BEAM WITH PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CONCRETE AND STEEL CORE |
FR2576053B1 (en) * | 1985-01-16 | 1988-04-15 | Campenon Bernard Sa Francaise | LATTICE BEAM, PARTICULARLY FOR REALIZING A BRIDGE |
DK153507C (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1988-12-19 | Kjeld Thomsen | PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION OF CROSS-CIRCULAR CIRCUIT GRID STARS AND A MEASURE TO USE IN EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
-
1987
- 1987-03-27 FR FR8704338A patent/FR2612963B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-03-24 CA CA000562339A patent/CA1292600C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-25 AT AT88400740T patent/ATE67256T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-25 DE DE8888400740T patent/DE3864726D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-25 US US07/297,865 patent/US4993094A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-25 JP JP63503057A patent/JPH0733644B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-25 WO PCT/FR1988/000157 patent/WO1988007604A1/en unknown
- 1988-03-25 EP EP19880400740 patent/EP0288350B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-25 ES ES198888400740T patent/ES2026263T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-28 PT PT87107A patent/PT87107A/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-10-30 GR GR91400986T patent/GR3003029T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GR3003029T3 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
US4993094A (en) | 1991-02-19 |
DE3864726D1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
PT87107A (en) | 1989-03-30 |
JPH01502921A (en) | 1989-10-05 |
ATE67256T1 (en) | 1991-09-15 |
JPH0733644B2 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
CA1292600C (en) | 1991-12-03 |
ES2026263T3 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
WO1988007604A1 (en) | 1988-10-06 |
EP0288350A1 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
FR2612963B1 (en) | 1991-07-26 |
FR2612963A1 (en) | 1988-09-30 |
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