EP0286996A2 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286996A2
EP0286996A2 EP88105669A EP88105669A EP0286996A2 EP 0286996 A2 EP0286996 A2 EP 0286996A2 EP 88105669 A EP88105669 A EP 88105669A EP 88105669 A EP88105669 A EP 88105669A EP 0286996 A2 EP0286996 A2 EP 0286996A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid esters
oil
composition
acid
lubricating oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88105669A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0286996B2 (en
EP0286996B1 (en
EP0286996A3 (en
Inventor
Dasai Masashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/02Well-defined hydrocarbons
    • C10M105/04Well-defined hydrocarbons aliphatic
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/045Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
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    • C10M101/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/02Well-defined hydrocarbons
    • C10M105/06Well-defined hydrocarbons aromatic
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    • C10M107/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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    • C10M107/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C10M107/08Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing butene
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/06Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/42Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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    • C10M129/26Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/48Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M129/54Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M129/76Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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    • C10M133/16Amides; Imides
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    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
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    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
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    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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    • C10M137/08Ammonium or amine salts
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    • C10M159/02Natural products
    • C10M159/08Fatty oils
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition and more particularly to a lubricating oil composition which is excellent in frictional character­istics, is decreased in changes with time of the frictional characteristics and further is excellent in stability against oxidation or oxidation stability, and thus which is useful as a lubricating oil for use in various parts such as an automatic transmission, a continuously variable transmission, a brake of a tractor, a power steering and so forth.
  • a lubricating oil to be used in parts including a wet clutch or a wet brake of an automatic transmission, a continuously variable transmission, a tractor and so forth is required to have such properties that frictional characteristics, oxidation stability, corrosion resistance and rust resistance are good, and transmission torque is large.
  • An especially important requirement is that the ratio of coefficient of static friction to coefficient of kinematic friction as a measure of frictional characteristics is small and further that the change with time of the above ratio is small.
  • a lubricating oil having a high coefficient of static friction and good in transmission torque has heretofore been known.
  • This lubricating oil has disadvantages in that frictional characteristics are not sufficiently satisfactory and shift shock is undesirably big.
  • the present invention is intended to overcome the above problems and an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition which is decreased in shift shock, is great in transmission torque, and further has a sufficiently high corrosion-preventing ability, and thus which is suitable for use in lubrication of an automatic transmission and so forth.
  • the object can be attained by compounding a specified proportion of a friction modifier to a base oil having specified properties.
  • the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising:
  • the base oil as the component (A) of the present composition is an oil having a naphthene content (% C N ) of at least 30%, preferably 32 to 70%, an aromatic content (%C A ) of not more than 2%, preferably not more than 1%, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1.5 to 30 cSt, preferably 2 to 20 cSt. If the naphthene content is less than 30%, frictional characteristics are reduced. If the aromatic content is more than 2%, oxidation stability is poor and the change with time is undesirably large.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is less than 1.5 cSt, the evaporation loss is undesirably large while on the other hand if it is more than 30 cSt, the power loss due to viscosity resistance is undesirably too large.
  • the base oil of the component (A) prefferably has such characteristics as required for the usual lubricating oil, for example, (1) proper viscosity characteristics, (2) good stability against oxidation, (3) good detergency and dispersancy, (4) good rust resistance and corrosion resistance, (5) good low temperature fluidity, and so forth.
  • the base oil it is more preferred for the base oil to have a viscosity index of at least 75, particularly at least 80, a pour point of not more than -10°C, particularly not more than -20°C, most preferably not more than -30°C, and a total acid value of 0.1 mg KOH/g.
  • various mineral oils and synthetic oils can be used as long as they have the above specified properties.
  • Representative examples of the mineral oil which can be used as the base oil of the component (A) include a purified oil which is obtained by purifying a distillate oil by the usual method, said distillate oil having been obtained by atmospheric distillation of a paraffin base crude oil or an intermediate base crude oil, or by vacuum distillation of a residual oil resulting from the atmospheric distillation, and a deep dewaxing oil which is obtained by subjecting the above purified oil to deep dewaxing treatment.
  • the process for purification of the distillate oil is not critical, and various methods can be employed.
  • the distillate oil is purified by applying such treatments as (a) hydrogen­ation, (b) dewaxing (solvent dewaxing or hydrogenation dewaxing), (c) solvent extraction, (d) alkali distillation or sulfuric acid treatment, and (e) clay filtration, alone or in combination with one another. It is also effective to apply the same treatment repeatedly at multi-stages.
  • a mineral oil obtained by deep dewaxing i.e., deep dewaxed oil is particularly preferred as the base oil of the component (A).
  • This deep dewaxing is carried out by solvent dewaxing under severe conditions, catalytic hydrogenation dewaxing using a Zeolite catalyst, and so forth.
  • ususl synthetic oils such as alkylbenzene, polybutene and poly( ⁇ -olefin), a synthetic oil containing saturated hydrocarbons having fused rings and/or non-fused rings such as 1-(1-decalyl)-1-cyclohexylethane or mixtures thereof can be used as the base oil of the component (A).
  • the friction modifier as the component (B) of the present composition is added to the base oil as the component (A) in a proportion of 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. If the proportion of the friction modifier is less than 0.01% by weight, its addition is not effective. On the other hand, if it is more than 5% by weight, oxidation stability is undesirably reduced.
  • friction modifier which is used as the component (B) of the present composition
  • compounds commonly called an oiliness agent, a friction preventing agent, an extreme pressure agent and so forth can be used.
  • Preferred examples of such friction modifiers include phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters, amine salts of phosphoric acid esters, amine salts of phosphorous acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, glycerine fatty acid esters, trimethylolpropane fatty acid esters, glycol fatty acid esters, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid amides, carboxylic acid esters, metal salts of carboxylic acids, fats and oils, higher alcohols, and sulfur-containing compounds. These compounds can be used alone or in combination with one another.
  • R1 and R2 may be the same or different and are each an alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkyl-substituted aryl group.
  • phosphoric acid esters and phosphorous acid esters include butylacid phosphate, 2-ethylhexylacid phosphate, laurylacid phosphate, oleylacid phosphate, stearylacid phosphate, dibutylhydrogen phosphite, dilaurylhydrogen phosphite, dioleylhydrogen phosphite, distearylhydrogen phosphite, diphenylhydrogen phosphite and the like.
  • the amine salts of phosphoric acid esters and phosphorous acid esters include the oleylamine salts, coconut amine salts, beef tallow amine salts of the above phosphoric acid esters and phosphorous acid esters.
  • sorbitan fatty acid esters include sorbitan monolaurate, sorbiton monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesqueoleate, sorbitan dioleate and mixtures thereof.
  • pentaerythritol fatty acid esters include the monoesters, diesters or triesters of pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol and fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and behenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • glycerine fatty acid esters include oleic monoglyceride, stearic monoglyceride, oleic diglyceride and mixtures thereof.
  • trimethylolpropane fatty acid esters include the monoesters or diesters of trimethylpropane and fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and behenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • glycol fatty acid esters include the monoesters of propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol or neopentyl glycol and fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and behenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • carboxylic acids aliphatic carboxylic acids, divalent carboxylic acids (dibasic acids) and aromatic carboxylic acids can be used.
  • the aliphatic carboxylic acids have 8 to 30 carbon atoms and may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • aliphatic carboxylic acid includes pelargonic acid, lauric acid, tridecanic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, eicosanic acid, behenic acid, triacontanoic acid, undecylenic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linoleic acid, erucic acid, and oils and fats fatty acids (e.g., coconut oil fatty acid, palm kernel oil fatty acid and the like).
  • oils and fats fatty acids e.g., coconut oil fatty acid, palm kernel oil fatty acid and the like.
  • divalent carboxylic acid examples include octadecylsuccinic acid, octadecenylsuccinic acid, polybutenylsuccinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecane diacid and the like.
  • the aromatic carboxylic acid includes salicylic acid and the like.
  • carboxylic acid amide various compounds can be used.
  • carboxylic acids as described above and amine compounds e.g., diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexaethylenepentamine, heptaethyleneoctamine, tetrapropylenepentamine, hexabutyleneheptamine, and alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and the like
  • amine compounds e.g., diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexaethylenepentamine, heptaethyleneoctamine, tetrapropylenepentamine, hexabutyleneheptamine, and alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and the like
  • alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and the like
  • Carboxylic acid esters include aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters (dibasic acid esters).
  • the alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, octyl, lauryl, and oleyl
  • the divalent carboxylic acid esters include the monoalkyl esters or glycol (e.g., propylene glycol) esters of divalent carboxylic acids as described above.
  • carboxylic acid metal salts zinc laurate, zinc oleate, zinc stearate, zinc salt of coconut fatty acid, aluminum stearate, magnesium salicylate and the like can be used.
  • both animal oils and vegetable oils can be used.
  • animal oils include lard, beef tallow, fish oil and the like.
  • vegetable oils include soy bean oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil and the like.
  • octyl alcohol lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and the like.
  • sulfur-containing compounds sulfurized oil, the reaction product of phosphorous sulfide and pinene, and the like can be used.
  • the above compounds can be used as the component (B), friction modifier, of the composition of the present invention.
  • phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters or their amine salts, carboxylic acid amides, glycerine fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, carboxylic acid metal salts, dicarboxylic acid esters (dibasic acid esters) and mixtures comprising two or more thereof are preferred.
  • composition of the present invention is obtained by adding a friction modifier as the component (B) to a base oil as the component (A). If desired, a viscosity index improver, an antioxidant, a detergent dispersant and so forth can be added to the composition of the present invention.
  • the type of the viscosity index improver is not critical.
  • polymethacrylate, polyisobutene, polyalkylstyrene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer and so forth can be used.
  • polymethacrylate having a molecular weight of not more than 100,000, preferably not more than 50,000, which is excellent in shear stability and is able to prevent changes in viscosity for a long time is particularly suitable.
  • the amount of the viscosity index improver added can be determined appropriately; usually, it is 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • antioxidant compounds commonly used, such as phenol-based compounds, amine-based compounds, zinc dithiophosphate and the like can be used. Representative examples are 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 4,4 ⁇ -methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, dialkyldiphenylamine, zinc di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, zinc diamyldithiocarbamate, pinene pentasulfide and the like.
  • the amount of the antioxidant added is 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • an ashless detergent, a metal detergent and the like can be used.
  • a boron-containing ashless detergent can be used. Specifically alkenylsuccinic acid imide, sulfonates, phenates and the like are preferred. Examples are polybutenylsuccinic acid imide, calcium sulfonate, barium sulfonate, calcium sulfinate, barium sulfinate, calcium salicynate and the like.
  • the amount of the detergent dispersant added is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • a corrosion preventing agent e.g., a rubber swelling agent, a defoaming agent and the like can be added to the composition of the present invention.
  • initial frictional characteristics are good, that is, the ratio of coefficient of static friction to coefficient of kinematic friction is small, and the shock due to speed change is small. Changes with time of the frictional characteristics are small. Furthermore, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is excellent in oxidation stability and corrosion resistance. Thus the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is suitable for miniaturization of a transmission and so forth.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is quite useful as a lubricating oil for use in an automatic transmission or a stepless transmission, or as a lubricating oil for use in parts including a wet clutch or a wet brake of an agricultural tractor and the like.
  • lubricating oil composition of the present invention having characteristics as described above is useful as a lubricating oil to be used in a shock absorber, a power steering, an oil suspension and further in various construction machines and so forth.
  • Base Oils A to E shown below were used as the base oil.
  • To 89.3% by weight of each of Base Oils A to E were added 4.0% by weight of polymethyl methacrylate (weight average molecular weight: 42,000), 0.5% by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 5.0% by weight of polybutenylsuccinic acid imide, 0.1% by weight of an anti-corrosion agent, 1.0% by weight of a rubber swelling agent and 1% by weight of a defoaming agent to prepare Basic Oils A to E.
  • Viscosity 5.40 cSt (100°C) Viscosity Index: 105 Ring Analysis: %C A 0.1, %C N 38.0 Pour Point: -45°C
  • Viscosity 5.20 cSt (100°C) Viscosity Index: 105 Ring Analysis: %C A 4.5, %C N 27.0
  • Viscosity 5.45 cSt (100°C) Viscosity Index: 83 Ring Analysis: %C A 1.5 %C N 50
  • Base Oil A 40% by weight of Base Oil A, 30% by weight of an oil obtained by subjecting a distillate from an intermediate base oil to hydrogenation treatment, and 30% by weight of 1-(1-decalyl)-1-cyclohexylethane.
  • Viscosity 5.6 cSt (100°C) Viscosity Index: 120 Ring Analysis: %C A 0.1 or less, %C N 19
  • Viscosity 5.1 cSt (100°C) Viscosity Index: 60 Ring Analysis: %C A 4,%C N 40
  • the forced degradation was performed at 150°C for 24 hours according to Oxidation Stability Test of Lubricating Oil for Internal Combustion Engine, JIS K 2514.
  • the state of corrosion of a copper plate was measured after 3 hours at 100°C according to JIS K 2513.

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Abstract

A lubricating oil composition comprising: (A) a base oil having a naphthene content of at least 30%, an aromatic content of not more than 2%, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1.5 to 30 cSt; and (B) 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a friction modifier. This composition is very useful as a lubricating oil for use in an automatic transmission or a continuously variable transmission, or as a lubricating oil for use in parts including a wet clutch or a wet brake of an agricultural tractor, etc.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition and more particularly to a lubricating oil composition which is excellent in frictional character­istics, is decreased in changes with time of the frictional characteristics and further is excellent in stability against oxidation or oxidation stability, and thus which is useful as a lubricating oil for use in various parts such as an automatic transmission, a continuously variable transmission, a brake of a tractor, a power steering and so forth.
  • 2. Description of Related Art
  • A lubricating oil to be used in parts including a wet clutch or a wet brake of an automatic transmission, a continuously variable transmission, a tractor and so forth is required to have such properties that frictional characteristics, oxidation stability, corrosion resistance and rust resistance are good, and transmission torque is large. An especially important requirement is that the ratio of coefficient of static friction to coefficient of kinematic friction as a measure of frictional characteristics is small and further that the change with time of the above ratio is small.
  • A lubricating oil having a high coefficient of static friction and good in transmission torque has heretofore been known. This lubricating oil, however, has disadvantages in that frictional characteristics are not sufficiently satisfactory and shift shock is undesirably big.
  • In recent years, with miniaturization of cars and with increased production of FF (front engine front wheel driven) cars, a tendency toward miniaturization of an automatic transmission and so forth has been increasingly developed. This miniaturization of the automatic transmission makes a driver more sensitive to the shift shock. Thus, in order to reduce the shift shock and to make a car more comfortable to drive, it has become a technical subject to improve frictional characteristics, especially at an initial stage.
  • In order to improve frictional characteristics, a lubricating oil containing a friction modifier has been proposed. This friction modifier-containing lubricating oil, however, is not sufficiently improved in frictional characteristics and further has a problem in that the frictional characteristics are reduced by degradation of oil due to its long term use (change with time). Moreover there is a tendency that the corrosion preventing ability drops.
  • As described above there has not yet been obtained a lubricating oil which possesses frictional characteristics which are good and are decreased in the change with time, and further which has a high transmission torque.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is intended to overcome the above problems and an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition which is decreased in shift shock, is great in transmission torque, and further has a sufficiently high corrosion-preventing ability, and thus which is suitable for use in lubrication of an automatic transmission and so forth.
  • It has been found that the object can be attained by compounding a specified proportion of a friction modifier to a base oil having specified properties.
  • The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising:
    • (A) a base oil having a naphthene content of at least 30%, an aromatic content of not more than 2%, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1.5 to 30 cSt; and
    • (B) 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a friction modifier.
    DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • The base oil as the component (A) of the present composition is an oil having a naphthene content (% CN) of at least 30%, preferably 32 to 70%, an aromatic content (%CA) of not more than 2%, preferably not more than 1%, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1.5 to 30 cSt, preferably 2 to 20 cSt. If the naphthene content is less than 30%, frictional characteristics are reduced. If the aromatic content is more than 2%, oxidation stability is poor and the change with time is undesirably large. Moreover, if the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is less than 1.5 cSt, the evaporation loss is undesirably large while on the other hand if it is more than 30 cSt, the power loss due to viscosity resistance is undesirably too large.
  • It is preferred for the base oil of the component (A) to have such characteristics as required for the usual lubricating oil, for example, (1) proper viscosity characteristics, (2) good stability against oxidation, (3) good detergency and dispersancy, (4) good rust resistance and corrosion resistance, (5) good low temperature fluidity, and so forth. Specifically, it is more preferred for the base oil to have a viscosity index of at least 75, particularly at least 80, a pour point of not more than -10°C, particularly not more than -20°C, most preferably not more than -30°C, and a total acid value of 0.1 mg KOH/g.
  • As the base oil of the component (A), various mineral oils and synthetic oils can be used as long as they have the above specified properties.
  • Representative examples of the mineral oil which can be used as the base oil of the component (A) include a purified oil which is obtained by purifying a distillate oil by the usual method, said distillate oil having been obtained by atmospheric distillation of a paraffin base crude oil or an intermediate base crude oil, or by vacuum distillation of a residual oil resulting from the atmospheric distillation, and a deep dewaxing oil which is obtained by subjecting the above purified oil to deep dewaxing treatment. In this case, the process for purification of the distillate oil is not critical, and various methods can be employed. Usually, the distillate oil is purified by applying such treatments as (a) hydrogen­ation, (b) dewaxing (solvent dewaxing or hydrogenation dewaxing), (c) solvent extraction, (d) alkali distillation or sulfuric acid treatment, and (e) clay filtration, alone or in combination with one another. It is also effective to apply the same treatment repeatedly at multi-stages. For example, (1) a method in which the distillate oil is hydrogenated, or after hydrogenation, it is further subjected to alkali distillation or sulfuric acid treatment, (2) a method in which the distillate oil is hydrogenated and then is subjected to dewaxing treatment, (3) a method in which the distillate oil is subjected to solvent extraction treatment and then to hydrogenation treatment, (4) a method in which the distillate oil is subjected to two- or three-­stage hydrogenation treatment, or after the two or three-­stage hydrogenation treatment, it is further subjected to alkali distillation or sulfuric acid rinsing treatment, (5) a method in which after the treatment of the distillate oil by the methods (1) to (4) as described above, it is again subjected to dewaxing treatment to obtain a deep dewaxed oil, and so forth can be employed.
  • In the practice of the above methods, it suffices that processing conditions be controlled so that the resulting oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, a naphthene content and an aromatic content all falling within the above-specified ranges.
  • A mineral oil obtained by deep dewaxing, i.e., deep dewaxed oil is particularly preferred as the base oil of the component (A). This deep dewaxing is carried out by solvent dewaxing under severe conditions, catalytic hydrogenation dewaxing using a Zeolite catalyst, and so forth.
  • As well as the aforementioned mineral oil, ususl synthetic oils such as alkylbenzene, polybutene and poly(α-olefin), a synthetic oil containing saturated hydrocarbons having fused rings and/or non-fused rings such as 1-(1-decalyl)-1-cyclohexylethane or mixtures thereof can be used as the base oil of the component (A).
  • The friction modifier as the component (B) of the present composition is added to the base oil as the component (A) in a proportion of 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. If the proportion of the friction modifier is less than 0.01% by weight, its addition is not effective. On the other hand, if it is more than 5% by weight, oxidation stability is undesirably reduced.
  • As the friction modifier which is used as the component (B) of the present composition, compounds commonly called an oiliness agent, a friction preventing agent, an extreme pressure agent and so forth can be used. Preferred examples of such friction modifiers include phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters, amine salts of phosphoric acid esters, amine salts of phosphorous acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, glycerine fatty acid esters, trimethylolpropane fatty acid esters, glycol fatty acid esters, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid amides, carboxylic acid esters, metal salts of carboxylic acids, fats and oils, higher alcohols, and sulfur-containing compounds. These compounds can be used alone or in combination with one another.
  • Of the above phosphoric acid esters and phosphorous acid esters, those represented by the following general formulae (I), (II) and (III) are preferred.
    Figure imgb0001
  • In the above formulae (I), (II) and (III), R¹ and R² may be the same or different and are each an alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkyl-substituted aryl group.
  • Representative examples of the phosphoric acid esters and phosphorous acid esters include butylacid phosphate, 2-ethylhexylacid phosphate, laurylacid phosphate, oleylacid phosphate, stearylacid phosphate, dibutylhydrogen phosphite, dilaurylhydrogen phosphite, dioleylhydrogen phosphite, distearylhydrogen phosphite, diphenylhydrogen phosphite and the like.
  • The amine salts of phosphoric acid esters and phosphorous acid esters include the oleylamine salts, coconut amine salts, beef tallow amine salts of the above phosphoric acid esters and phosphorous acid esters.
  • Representative examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include sorbitan monolaurate, sorbiton monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesqueoleate, sorbitan dioleate and mixtures thereof.
  • Representative examples of pentaerythritol fatty acid esters include the monoesters, diesters or triesters of pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol and fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and behenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • Representative examples of glycerine fatty acid esters include oleic monoglyceride, stearic monoglyceride, oleic diglyceride and mixtures thereof.
  • Representative examples of trimethylolpropane fatty acid esters include the monoesters or diesters of trimethylpropane and fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and behenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • Representative examples of glycol fatty acid esters include the monoesters of propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol or neopentyl glycol and fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and behenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • As carboxylic acids, aliphatic carboxylic acids, divalent carboxylic acids (dibasic acids) and aromatic carboxylic acids can be used. The aliphatic carboxylic acids have 8 to 30 carbon atoms and may be saturated or unsaturated. Representative examples of the aliphatic carboxylic acid includes pelargonic acid, lauric acid, tridecanic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, eicosanic acid, behenic acid, triacontanoic acid, undecylenic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linoleic acid, erucic acid, and oils and fats fatty acids (e.g., coconut oil fatty acid, palm kernel oil fatty acid and the like). Representative examples of the divalent carboxylic acid include octadecylsuccinic acid, octadecenylsuccinic acid, polybutenylsuccinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecane diacid and the like. The aromatic carboxylic acid includes salicylic acid and the like.
  • As the carboxylic acid amide, various compounds can be used. For example, the reaction products of carboxylic acids as described above and amine compounds (e.g., diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexaethylenepentamine, heptaethyleneoctamine, tetrapropylenepentamine, hexabutyleneheptamine, and alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and the like) can be used.
  • Carboxylic acid esters include aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters (dibasic acid esters). As the aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, the alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, octyl, lauryl, and oleyl) esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as described above are usually used. The divalent carboxylic acid esters include the monoalkyl esters or glycol (e.g., propylene glycol) esters of divalent carboxylic acids as described above.
  • As the carboxylic acid metal salts, zinc laurate, zinc oleate, zinc stearate, zinc salt of coconut fatty acid, aluminum stearate, magnesium salicylate and the like can be used.
  • As the fats and oils, both animal oils and vegetable oils can be used. Examples of the animal oils include lard, beef tallow, fish oil and the like. Examples of the vegetable oils include soy bean oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil and the like.
  • As the higher alcohols, octyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and the like.
  • As the sulfur-containing compounds, sulfurized oil, the reaction product of phosphorous sulfide and pinene, and the like can be used.
  • The above compounds can be used as the component (B), friction modifier, of the composition of the present invention. Of these compounds, phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters or their amine salts, carboxylic acid amides, glycerine fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, carboxylic acid metal salts, dicarboxylic acid esters (dibasic acid esters) and mixtures comprising two or more thereof are preferred.
  • The composition of the present invention is obtained by adding a friction modifier as the component (B) to a base oil as the component (A). If desired, a viscosity index improver, an antioxidant, a detergent dispersant and so forth can be added to the composition of the present invention.
  • The type of the viscosity index improver is not critical. For example, polymethacrylate, polyisobutene, polyalkylstyrene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer and so forth can be used. Of these, polymethacrylate having a molecular weight of not more than 100,000, preferably not more than 50,000, which is excellent in shear stability and is able to prevent changes in viscosity for a long time, is particularly suitable. The amount of the viscosity index improver added can be determined appropriately; usually, it is 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • As the antioxidant, compounds commonly used, such as phenol-based compounds, amine-based compounds, zinc dithiophosphate and the like can be used. Representative examples are 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 4,4ʹ-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), phenyl-α-naphthylamine, dialkyldiphenylamine, zinc di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, zinc diamyldithiocarbamate, pinene pentasulfide and the like. The amount of the antioxidant added is 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • As the detergent dispersant, an ashless detergent, a metal detergent and the like can be used. In addition, a boron-containing ashless detergent can be used. Specifically alkenylsuccinic acid imide, sulfonates, phenates and the like are preferred. Examples are polybutenylsuccinic acid imide, calcium sulfonate, barium sulfonate, calcium sulfinate, barium sulfinate, calcium salicynate and the like. The amount of the detergent dispersant added is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • In addition, if necessary, suitable amounts of a corrosion preventing agent, a rubber swelling agent, a defoaming agent and the like can be added to the composition of the present invention.
  • In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, initial frictional characteristics are good, that is, the ratio of coefficient of static friction to coefficient of kinematic friction is small, and the shock due to speed change is small. Changes with time of the frictional characteristics are small. Furthermore, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is excellent in oxidation stability and corrosion resistance. Thus the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is suitable for miniaturization of a transmission and so forth.
  • Accordingly the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is quite useful as a lubricating oil for use in an automatic transmission or a stepless transmission, or as a lubricating oil for use in parts including a wet clutch or a wet brake of an agricultural tractor and the like.
  • Moreover the lubricating oil composition of the present invention having characteristics as described above is useful as a lubricating oil to be used in a shock absorber, a power steering, an oil suspension and further in various construction machines and so forth.
  • The present invention is described in greater detail with reference to the following examples.
  • EXAMPLES 1 to 10, and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 to 11 (1) Preparation of Lubricating Oil Composition
  • Base Oils A to E shown below were used as the base oil. To 89.3% by weight of each of Base Oils A to E were added 4.0% by weight of polymethyl methacrylate (weight average molecular weight: 42,000), 0.5% by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 5.0% by weight of polybutenylsuccinic acid imide, 0.1% by weight of an anti-corrosion agent, 1.0% by weight of a rubber swelling agent and 1% by weight of a defoaming agent to prepare Basic Oils A to E.
  • To these Basic Oils A to E were added the compounds shown in the table in predetermined amounts to obtain lubricating oil compositions.
  • Basic Oil A (1) Properties
  • Viscosity:      5.40 cSt (100°C)
    Viscosity Index:      105
    Ring Analysis:      %CA 0.1, %CN 38.0
    Pour Point:      -45°C
  • (2) Method of Preparation
  • Obtained by subjecting a distillate from an intermediate base oil to two-stage hydrogenation treatment and further to deep dewaxing treatment.
  • Base Oil B (1) Properties
  • Viscosity:      5.20 cSt (100°C)
    Viscosity Index:      105
    Ring Analysis:      %CA 4.5, %CN 27.0
  • (2) Method of Preparation
  • Obtained by subjecting a distillate from an intermediate base oil to solvent extraction treatment and further to hydrogenation treatment.
  • Base Oil C (1) Properties
  • Viscosity:      5.45 cSt (100°C)
    Viscosity Index:      83
    Ring Analysis:      %CA 1.5 %CN 50
  • (2) Method of Preparation
  • Mixture of 40% by weight of Base Oil A, 30% by weight of an oil obtained by subjecting a distillate from an intermediate base oil to hydrogenation treatment, and 30% by weight of 1-(1-decalyl)-1-cyclohexylethane.
  • Base Oil D (1) Properties
  • Viscosity:      5.6 cSt (100°C)
    Viscosity Index:      120
    Ring Analysis:      %CA 0.1 or less, %CN 19
  • (2) Method of Preparation
  • Mixture of 50% by weight of Base Oil A and 50% by weight of poly-α-olefin.
  • Base Oil E (1) Properties
  • Viscosity:      5.1 cSt (100°C)
    Viscosity Index:      60
    Ring Analysis:      %CA 4,%CN 40
  • (2) Method of Preparation
  • Obtained by subjecting a distillate from a naphthenic oil to solvent extraction treatment.
  • (2) Performance Test
  • The lubricating oil compositions prepared in (1) above, just after preparation thereof and after forced degradation, were subjected to the following performance test. The results are shown in the table. The forced degradation was performed at 150°C for 24 hours according to Oxidation Stability Test of Lubricating Oil for Internal Combustion Engine, JIS K 2514.
  • SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) No. 2 Friction Test
  • Frictional characteristics were evaluated under the conditions shown below by the use of SAE No. 2 tester (manufactured by Greening Association Inc.)
  • (Test Conditions)
  • Disc:      Two paper discs for an automatic transmission made in Japan
    Plate:      Three steel plates for an automatic transmission in Japan
    Number of revolutions of motor:      3,600 rpm
    Piston pressure:      38 psi
    Oil Temperature:      120°C
  • A coefficient of kinematic friction (µ₁₂₀₀) at a number of revolutions of 1,200 rpm under the above conditions and a coefficient of static friction (µ₀) at the time of stop were measured, and µ₀/µ₁₂₀₀ was calculated.
  • Oxidation Stability Test
  • This test was performed at 150°C for 96 hours according to Oxidation Stability Test of Lubricating Oil for Internal Combustion Engine, JIS K 2514.
  • Corrosion Test
  • The state of corrosion of a copper plate was measured after 3 hours at 100°C according to JIS K 2513.
    Figure imgb0002
    Figure imgb0003

Claims (4)

1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:
(A) a base oil having a naphthene content of at least 30%, an aromatic content of not more than 2%, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1.5 to 30 cSt; and
(B) 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a friction modifier.
2. The composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the friction modifier (B) is at least one compound selected fro the group consisting of phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters, amine salts of phosphoric acid esters, amine salts of phosphorous acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, glycerine fatty acid esters, trimethylolpropane fatty acid esters, glycol fatty acid esters, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid amides, carboxylic acid esters, metal salts of carboxylic acids, fats and oils, higher alcohols and sulfur-containing compounds.
3. The composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the base oil (A) is a mineral oil.
4. The composition as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the mineral oil is a deep dewaxed oil obtained by subjecting a purified oil to deep dewaxing treatment.
EP88105669A 1987-04-11 1988-04-09 Lubricating oil composition Expired - Lifetime EP0286996B2 (en)

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EP0407124A1 (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-01-09 Tonen Corporation Lubricating oil composition
EP0407977A1 (en) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-16 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition
EP0315873B1 (en) * 1987-11-07 1992-01-02 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Method for working metal
GB2257158A (en) * 1991-06-03 1993-01-06 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc Friction depending lubricants,such as automatic transmission and wet brake fluids
US5198129A (en) * 1989-07-13 1993-03-30 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition containing zinc dithiophosphate
EP0573231A1 (en) * 1992-06-02 1993-12-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Triglycerides as friction modifiers in engine oil for improved fuel economy
US5282990A (en) * 1990-07-31 1994-02-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Synergistic blend of amine/amide and ester/alcohol friction modifying agents for improved fuel economy of an internal combustion engine
US5391307A (en) * 1989-07-07 1995-02-21 Tonen Corp. Lubricating oil composition
US5395539A (en) * 1988-10-24 1995-03-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amide containing friction modifier for use in power transmission fluids
GB2285056A (en) * 1991-06-03 1995-06-28 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc Additive for functional fluids
EP0812900A2 (en) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
WO1998039400A2 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-11 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating compostion
EP1386982A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2004-02-04 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Peak torque lowering composition, part with sliding part using the composition, and press-fitting method using the composition
WO2004074414A1 (en) * 2003-02-21 2004-09-02 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil composition for transmission
GB2402942A (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-22 Nissan Motor Cutting oil composition for machine tool
EP1657293A3 (en) * 2004-11-04 2009-09-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Diarylamine containing lubricating composition
US9677026B1 (en) 2016-04-08 2017-06-13 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant additives and lubricant compositions having improved frictional characteristics
US9701921B1 (en) 2016-04-08 2017-07-11 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant additives and lubricant compositions having improved frictional characteristics
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EP0315873B1 (en) * 1987-11-07 1992-01-02 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Method for working metal
US5395539A (en) * 1988-10-24 1995-03-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amide containing friction modifier for use in power transmission fluids
US5484543A (en) * 1988-10-24 1996-01-16 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amide containing friction modifier for use in power transmission fluids
EP0407124A1 (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-01-09 Tonen Corporation Lubricating oil composition
US5391307A (en) * 1989-07-07 1995-02-21 Tonen Corp. Lubricating oil composition
EP0407977A1 (en) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-16 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition
US5198129A (en) * 1989-07-13 1993-03-30 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition containing zinc dithiophosphate
US5282990A (en) * 1990-07-31 1994-02-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Synergistic blend of amine/amide and ester/alcohol friction modifying agents for improved fuel economy of an internal combustion engine
US5817605A (en) * 1991-06-03 1998-10-06 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Automatic transmission and wet brake fluids and additive package therefor
GB2285056A (en) * 1991-06-03 1995-06-28 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc Additive for functional fluids
GB2257158B (en) * 1991-06-03 1995-10-25 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc Automatic transmission and wet brake fluids and additive packages therefor
GB2285056B (en) * 1991-06-03 1995-11-22 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc Automatic transmission and wet brake fluids and additive packages therefor
GB2257158A (en) * 1991-06-03 1993-01-06 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc Friction depending lubricants,such as automatic transmission and wet brake fluids
EP0573231A1 (en) * 1992-06-02 1993-12-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Triglycerides as friction modifiers in engine oil for improved fuel economy
US6074995A (en) * 1992-06-02 2000-06-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Triglycerides as friction modifiers in engine oil for improved fuel economy
EP0812900A2 (en) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
EP0812900A3 (en) * 1996-06-12 1998-04-15 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
US5972854A (en) * 1996-06-12 1999-10-26 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
WO1998039400A2 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-11 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating compostion
WO1998039400A3 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-12-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating compostion
US6613722B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2003-09-02 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating composition
EP1386982A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2004-02-04 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Peak torque lowering composition, part with sliding part using the composition, and press-fitting method using the composition
EP1386982A4 (en) * 2001-05-09 2007-12-26 Citizen Holdings Co Ltd Peak torque lowering composition, part with sliding part using the composition, and press-fitting method using the composition
WO2004074414A1 (en) * 2003-02-21 2004-09-02 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil composition for transmission
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US9102897B2 (en) 2003-02-21 2015-08-11 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil composition for transmissions
GB2402942A (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-22 Nissan Motor Cutting oil composition for machine tool
GB2402942B (en) * 2003-05-29 2006-05-24 Nissan Motor Hard-carbon coated machine tool and cutting oil composition therefor
EP1657293A3 (en) * 2004-11-04 2009-09-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Diarylamine containing lubricating composition
US8202829B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2012-06-19 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating composition
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US20230174882A1 (en) * 2020-04-24 2023-06-08 Kyb Corporation Lubricating oil composition and sliding mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3873587T2 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0286996B2 (en) 1999-12-08
KR930010575B1 (en) 1993-10-28
JP2599383B2 (en) 1997-04-09
DE3873587D1 (en) 1992-09-17
KR880012740A (en) 1988-11-28
EP0286996B1 (en) 1992-08-12
JPS63254196A (en) 1988-10-20
EP0286996A3 (en) 1989-01-18
DE3873587T3 (en) 2000-04-27

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