EP0285313A2 - Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Hertellung - Google Patents
Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Hertellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0285313A2 EP0285313A2 EP88302533A EP88302533A EP0285313A2 EP 0285313 A2 EP0285313 A2 EP 0285313A2 EP 88302533 A EP88302533 A EP 88302533A EP 88302533 A EP88302533 A EP 88302533A EP 0285313 A2 EP0285313 A2 EP 0285313A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- surface layer
- intermediate layer
- plasma spray
- spray deposition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound member comprising a core and a surface layer used for compound rolls, turbine rotors, various tools or the like and a method for producing the same.
- the hot isostatic pressing method is a method in which powders produced through a gas-atomizing method are arranged around the core, and are pressurized under a hot environment to form a compound member after the powders have been cold-molded.
- a stress concentration occurs during the heat treatment, disadvantageously, so that a crack or peel is likely to be occurred in the surface layer.
- the insert metal method is a method in which a sleeve which has been made of powder material by sintering is shrink-fitted over a core to form a compound member. This method suffers from such a disadvantage that, when the operational loads imposed on the compound rolls or turbine rotors produced by this method is increased, the contact portion between the core and the sleeve would be peeled.
- the liquid phase sintering method is a method in which a sleeve that has been made of powder material by sintering is diffused into a surface layer of a core to form a compound member.
- a thickness of the diffused layer in the interface portion between the sleeve and the core is small at about 2 mm. Therefore, this method suffers from a disadvantage that residual stresses would be concentrated on the interface portion resulting in occurrence of cracks or peels.
- the plasma spray deposition method is a method in which powder material is deposited on a core surface by plasma spray to thereby form a compound member.
- the compound roll or turbine rotor produced by this method suffers from a disadvantage that a crack or a peel is likely to be occurred due to differences in coefficient of linear thermal expansion and elastic modulus between the core and the surface layer.
- the compound roll or turbine rotor suffers from the disadvantages that the stress concentration would occur in the vicinity of the interface between the core and the surface layer and that the surface layer would be peeled or cracked.
- An object of the invention is to provide a compound member comprising a core and a surface layer of which mechanical properties are different from those of the core and a method for producing the same, which can eliminate any occurrence of stress concentration in an interface between the core and the surface layer and occurrence of peeling and crack of the surface layer, and which makes the mechanical properties of the surface layer be greatly different from those of the core and which is suitable for producing a compound roll for rolling and a turbine rotor.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a compound roll of which surface layer is superior in spalling-proof and friction resistance, of which core has a high mechanical strength and a high stiffness, which is free from the crack and peeling of the surface layer and of which diameter can be reduced.
- a method for producing a compound member including the step of forming a surface layer by a plasma spray deposition of powder material onto a core, is characterized by a step of forming at least one intermediate layer between the core and the surface layer by a plasma spray deposition so that a difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion between the adjacent layers including the core and the surface layer is 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below and a thickness of said at least one intermediate layer is 1.5 mm and over.
- the compound member according to the invention is characterized in that at least one intermediate layer is formed between a core and a surface layer by a plasma spray deposition so that a difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion between the adjacent layers including the core and the surface layer is 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below and a thickness of said at least one intermediate layer is 1.5 mm and over.
- a compound roll having a shaft portion made of a core having high mechanical strength and high toughness and a surface layer formed over the shaft portion and having wear-proof and spalling-proof is characterized in that at least one intermediate layer is formed between the shaft portion and the surface layer by a plasma spray deposition so that a difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion between the adjacent layers including the shaft portion and the surface layer is 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below, and a thickness of said at least one intermediate layer is 1.5 mm and over.
- the shaft portion is made of steel and the surface layer and the at least one intermediate layer are formed of powder material of hard metal by a plasma spray deposition over the shaft portion.
- the shaft portion is made of steel and the surface layer and the at least one intermediate layer are formed of powder material of ceramics by a plasma spray deposition over the shaft portion.
- the compound roll 4 has a shaft portion formed by a core 1 made of a steel with desired high mechanical strength and toughness.
- a core 1 made of a steel with desired high mechanical strength and toughness.
- an intermediate layer 3a is formed of which difference in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion to that of the core 1 is 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below and a thickness is 1.5 mm and over.
- another intermediate layer 3b is formed of which difference in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion to that of the intermediate layer 3a is 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below and a thickness is 1.5 mm and over.
- another intermediate layer 3c is formed of which difference in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion to that of the intermediate layer 3b is also 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below and a thickness is 1.5 mm and over.
- a surface layer 2 having desired spalling-proof and wear-proof properties is formed on an outer surface of the outermost intermediate layer 3c.
- a difference in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion between the outermost intermediate layer 3c and the surface layer 2 is also 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below.
- the intermediate layers 3a, 3b, 3c, and the surface layer 2 are formed of powder material of hard metal by plasma spray deposition, thereafter sintered, subsequently hot forged and finally heat treated in a predetermined manner.
- the plasma spray deposition of the powder material of hard metal is performed by an apparatus shown in Fig. 2.
- the apparatus includes a spray torch 5 with a spray nozzle 13, and powder material supply means 6 and 6 ⁇ for supplying plural powder materials 8 and 8 ⁇ to the spray torch 5.
- a controller 7 is connected to the spray torch 5 for controlling an operation of the torch 5 and for supplying working gas 10 and cooling water 11 to the spray torch 5.
- Reference numeral 12 denotes an electric supply source.
- Powder material supply gas 9 is supplied to the powder material supply means 6, 6 ⁇ for supplying the powder materials 8, 8 ⁇ to the torch 5.
- the powder materials 8, 8 ⁇ are applied to the core 1 by the plasma spray deposition while rotating the core 1 in a direction indicated by an arrow a in Fig. 2, to thereby form the intermediate layer 3a.
- a mixture ratio or composition of the powder materials 8, 8 ⁇ is changed so that the powder materials are applied to the intermediate layer 3a by the plasma spray deposition so as to form the intermediate layer 3b having a difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6°C and below to that of the intermediate layer 3a.
- the intermediate layer 3c is formed on the intermediate layer 3b.
- the surface layer 2 having the desired mechanical properties is formed on the intermediate layer 3c by the plasma spray deposition.
- the powder material forming the intermediate layers and the surface layer is the powder material of hard metal but it is apparent that other powder materials such as ceramics and steel may be used.
- the present inventors made various compound members having different coefficients of linear thermal expansion in the core and the plasma spray deposition layer in order to determine a suitable value of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the plasma sparay deposition layers and inspect the state of occurrence of the cracks in the plasma spray deposition layers.
- the results are shown in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 3 shows the experimental results showing the relationship between the state of the crack occurrence in the plasma spray deposition layer and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion, the abscissa indicating the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the plasma spray depositon layer and the ordinate indicating the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the core.
- the present inventors have inspected the stress distribution within the compound member in the case where the core is made of steel and the plasma spray deposition layers are made of hard metal and ceramics.
- the experimental results are shown in Figs. 4 and 5 in which ⁇ r is the thickness of the plasma spray deposition layers.
- ⁇ r is the thickness of the plasma spray deposition layers.
- the thickness of the plasma spray deposition layers is selected at 1.5 mm and over, the tensile stress generated in the plasma spray deposition layers does not exceed the allowable stress level of the material forming the plasma spray deposition layers. Therefore, if the thickness of the plasma spray deposition layers is selected at 1.5 mm and over, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracks or peels in the plasma spray deposition layers.
- the number of the intermediate layers is three but it is possible to change the number of the intermediate layers in accordance with the magnitude of the difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion between the core 1 and the surface layer 2.
- the difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion between the core 1 and the surface layer 2 is at 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C
- at least one intermediate layer is formed between the core and the surface layer by the plasma spray deposition so that the difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion between the adjacent layers including the core and the outer surface is 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6/°C and below.
- the above-described embodiment is related to the compound roll, the above-described numerical limitation in the thickness and the difference in coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the plasma spray deposition layer (intermediate layer) may be applied to a turbine roller or various tools.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7675387A JPS63242408A (ja) | 1987-03-30 | 1987-03-30 | 圧延用複合ロ−ル |
JP76753/87 | 1987-03-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0285313A2 true EP0285313A2 (de) | 1988-10-05 |
EP0285313A3 EP0285313A3 (en) | 1989-08-16 |
EP0285313B1 EP0285313B1 (de) | 1993-01-13 |
Family
ID=13614348
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880302533 Expired - Lifetime EP0285313B1 (de) | 1987-03-30 | 1988-03-23 | Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Hertellung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0285313B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS63242408A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3877399T2 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996009421A2 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1996-03-28 | Sprayform Holdings Limited | Metal forming process |
EP0905280A2 (de) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-03-31 | General Electric Company | Gradientenhaftschicht fur warmedämmendes Beschichtungssystem |
WO1999051790A1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 1999-10-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | A process for applying a functional gradient material coating to a component for improved performance |
EP2492373A1 (de) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-29 | General Electric Company | Komponente und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung einer Komponente |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3976809A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1976-08-24 | Dowell Robert D | Coating for metal surfaces and method for application |
FR2375156A1 (fr) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-07-21 | United Technologies Corp | Procede pour diminuer les tensions thermiques entre la partie metallique et la partie refractaire d'un article composite et article ainsi obtenu |
US4159353A (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1979-06-26 | Corning Glass Works | Platinum coating dense refractories |
EP0075844A2 (de) * | 1981-09-24 | 1983-04-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Wärmebeständige und -dämmende Gegenstände aus Leichtmetallegierungen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US4485151A (en) * | 1982-05-06 | 1984-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Thermal barrier coating system |
US4576874A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-03-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Spalling and corrosion resistant ceramic coating for land and marine combustion turbines |
JPS6187859A (ja) * | 1984-10-04 | 1986-05-06 | Showa Denko Kk | 溶射皮膜形成方法 |
WO1986006106A1 (fr) * | 1985-04-17 | 1986-10-23 | Plasmainvent Ag | Couche de protection |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60158906A (ja) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 圧延用複合ロ−ルおよびその製造方法 |
-
1987
- 1987-03-30 JP JP7675387A patent/JPS63242408A/ja active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-03-23 EP EP19880302533 patent/EP0285313B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-23 DE DE19883877399 patent/DE3877399T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3976809A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1976-08-24 | Dowell Robert D | Coating for metal surfaces and method for application |
FR2375156A1 (fr) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-07-21 | United Technologies Corp | Procede pour diminuer les tensions thermiques entre la partie metallique et la partie refractaire d'un article composite et article ainsi obtenu |
US4159353A (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1979-06-26 | Corning Glass Works | Platinum coating dense refractories |
EP0075844A2 (de) * | 1981-09-24 | 1983-04-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Wärmebeständige und -dämmende Gegenstände aus Leichtmetallegierungen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US4485151A (en) * | 1982-05-06 | 1984-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Thermal barrier coating system |
US4576874A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-03-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Spalling and corrosion resistant ceramic coating for land and marine combustion turbines |
JPS6187859A (ja) * | 1984-10-04 | 1986-05-06 | Showa Denko Kk | 溶射皮膜形成方法 |
WO1986006106A1 (fr) * | 1985-04-17 | 1986-10-23 | Plasmainvent Ag | Couche de protection |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 10, no. 262 (C-371)[2318], 6th September 1986; & JP-A-61 087 859 (SHOWA DENKO K.K.) 06-05-1986 * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996009421A2 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1996-03-28 | Sprayform Holdings Limited | Metal forming process |
WO1996009421A3 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1996-07-04 | Sprayform Tools & Dies Ltd | Metal forming process |
US5952056A (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1999-09-14 | Sprayform Holdings Limited | Metal forming process |
US6048586A (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 2000-04-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Process for applying a functional gradient material coating to a component for improved performance |
EP0905280A2 (de) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-03-31 | General Electric Company | Gradientenhaftschicht fur warmedämmendes Beschichtungssystem |
EP0905280A3 (de) * | 1997-08-04 | 2002-11-13 | General Electric Company | Gradientenhaftschicht fur warmedämmendes Beschichtungssystem |
WO1999051790A1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 1999-10-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | A process for applying a functional gradient material coating to a component for improved performance |
EP2492373A1 (de) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-29 | General Electric Company | Komponente und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung einer Komponente |
RU2606285C2 (ru) * | 2011-02-23 | 2017-01-10 | Дженерал Электрик Компани | Способ обработки детали газовой турбины посредством сварки (варианты) и обработанная деталь |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0285313A3 (en) | 1989-08-16 |
EP0285313B1 (de) | 1993-01-13 |
JPS63242408A (ja) | 1988-10-07 |
DE3877399D1 (de) | 1993-02-25 |
DE3877399T2 (de) | 1993-05-06 |
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