EP0283236A2

EP0283236A2 - Shower door

Info

Publication number: EP0283236A2
Application number: EP88302229A
Authority: EP
Inventors: David N. Sambrook; Robert G Hermetz
Original assignee: Waterline Products Co Ltd
Current assignee: Waterline Products Co Ltd
Priority date: 1987-03-19
Filing date: 1988-03-15
Publication date: 1988-09-21
Also published as: EP0283236A3

Abstract

A shower door (10) comprises hinge elements (35, 42) including a tongue (46) which is telescopically received in a tubular rail (32, 34); a snap connector (54) passes through the door panel (16), a blind opening (50) in the rail, and the tongue to secure the hinge element to the panel, so as to delocalize the stress over a wide area thereof without being visible to detract from the appearance of the door. The panels may be mounted from a support column (100) using variable length support rods (102) securing thereto, which permit the doors to be used with various width enclosures and to accommodate out of verticality of the enclosure walls. The hinge elements (38, 42) connecting the door (10) to the support rods (102) include a stationary sleeve (66) and a bushing (110) which may be rotated relative to the sleeve by using a tool. The bushing includes indexing means (114) which serves to define the plane of shut of the door (10).

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to doors. It particularly relates to doors for showers or the like, although it is not limited thereto.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

In tracked doors, the doors are normally supported by a frame. The frame has several functions in terms of clearly defining the plane of shut of the doors, and in the case of suspension doors, in terms of transferring the weight of the doors, generally onto the edge of a bath or shower stall. The width of the frame is readily adjusted to accommodate bath enclosures of different widths; it is not required to adjust the width of the doors as such, as they are intended to overlap, and the degree of overlap is not of concern.
In hinged doors, particularly in folding doors of a frameless type, the plane of shut of the doors is less readily defined. Since adjacent edges of the doors are normally intended to be in abutment to provide a seal against the escape of water, the varying widths encountered between the walls of bath or shower enclosures such as are normally found create a problem for the installation of this type of door. Additional problems are encountered where the wall of the bath or shower enclosure is hollow; such walls cannot normally withstand the stress created by the direct attachment of hinges to the hollow sections thereof.
Many of these problems may be overcome by providing highly engineered, expensive structure. However, this type of door would not then be economically competitive with other door types.
In folding shower doors it is often desired that the folded door be storable either inwardly, which is to say over the bath side thereof, or outwardly, which is to say on the room side thereof. Known shower doors do not appear to permit this choice.
It is a broad object of the invention to provide improvements in folding doors.
It is a further object of the invention to provide doors of the foregoing type which are frameless.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide such doors that may be easily secured to lightly structured walls.
It is another object of the invention to provide doors which have provision for adjustment as to the plane of shut, and as to the width of the doors.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide doors of modular component construction, and which are simply assembled by unskilled labour.
It is still another object of the invention to provide folding doors which may swing either inwardly or outwardly in an open position.
It is another object of the invention to provide an economically competitive, easily installable shower door.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a door comprises a vertically elongated panel having obverse and reverse faces. A pair of vertically spaced apart tubular rails open at the laterally opposed ends thereof are disposed on the obverse face of the panel. A cap having a tongue is telescopically received within the tubular rail to close each end thereof; a plurality of caps at one lateral side of the panel include a hinge element portion which may for example combine with an identical hinge element portion of an adjacent panel and a hinge-pin to form a hinge for rotatably securing the adjacent panels together. The caps are secured by fastening means insertible into the tongue from the reverse face to retain the tongue in its telescoped position while simultaneously securing the rail to the panels.
Preferably, the panels are each provided with an upper and a lower pair of relatively large openings therethrough, and the fastening means includes a diametrically enlarged body portion closely surrounded by a panel openings, and a stalk of reduced diameter in comparison to the body projecting therefrom at one axial end thereof in axial alignment therewith. The stalk has an enlarged end adapted to snap fit behind an opening in the tongue to thereby retain the tongue in the telescoped position.
Desirably, the door includes at least one rail including a cap therefor horizontally disposed on the reverse face of a panel in opposition to a rail disposed on the obverse face thereof, and the fastening means, where used for securing the opposed rails, includes a second stalk of reduced diameter projecting from the other axial end of the body in axial opposition to the first stalk, the second stalk also having an enlarged end adapted to snap fit behind an opening in the tongue of the cap of the opposing rail.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a folding door comprises a support column having a plurality of support elements of adjustable length extending generally horizontally therefrom. A hinge means is provided for rotatably supporting the door from each support element, such hinge means including indexing means defining the plane of shut of the door.
Preferably, the hinge means includes means for adjusting the indexing means relative to the support elements.
Suitably the means for adjusting the indexing means includes a sleeve mounted in fixed relation to each support element, a bushing mounted in the sleeve in interfering fit therewith, and means for rotating the bushing relative to the sleeve.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a frameless shower door comprises a pair of hingedly interconnected panels, each panel comprising a pair of parallel, transversely spaced apart axially elongated sheets interconnected by a plurality of axially extending spacer walls to form a hollow structure, and a resilient gasket extending about the periphery of each panel to provide a seal therearound. The gasket has in transverse cross-section a U shape in which the bight portion of the U shape is hollow, to thereby provide a readily compressible sealing surface between adjacent panels.
Preferably, the panels are hingedly interconnected by demountable hinges, and the hinges are secured to the panels by means which delocalizes the stress forces over a relatively wide area of said panel.
The foregoing objects, aspects and advantages, together with others that will be explained or which will occur to those skilled in the art, will become apparent from a consideration of the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGURE 1 - shows a shower door constructed in accordance with the invention, as seen from the left, upper obverse face;
FIGURE 2 - is similar to Figure 1, but shows the door from the reverse face;
FIGURE 3 - shows the right hand half of the door of Figure 1, exploded to reveal detail;
FIGURE 4 - shows the upper portion of one of the door panels and hinge portion, exploded to reveal detail;
FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 are views taken on lines 5-5, 6-6 and 7-7 respectively of Figure 1 in the direction of the arrows with Figure 5 being foreshortened;
FIGURE 8 - is a side elevational view of a single ended fastener;
FIGURE 9 - is a side elevational view of a double ended fastener;
FIGURE 10 - is a side elevational view of a hinge-pin;
FIGURE 11 - is a mid section taken through a hinge support element;
FIGURE 12 - is an elevational view of a bushing used with the hinge support element of Figure 11;
FIGURE 13 - is a plan view of the bushing of Figure 12, and
FIGURE 14 - is a section on line 14-14 of Figure 4.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to the drawings in detail, a shower door is identified generally therein by the numeral 10. Door 10 comprises a right hand section 12 and an left hand section 14. These sections 12,14 are mirror images; most of the components of which the sections are comprised are symmetric, and are used on both the left hand and right hand sections, hence door 10 will be described with reference to only one section. Those components that are asymetric will be defined.
Section 12 comprises a pair of panels 16,18, with panel 16 locating nearest to a support for the section. As illustrated in Figure 1, the major surface of panels 16 and 18 is identified as the obverse face 20, and the opposed major surface as reverse face 22. The obverse face is considered in this embodiment to be outward facing, which is to say outwardly of a bath or shower to be enclosed by door 10. However, this arrangement is somewhat arbitrary, and the reverse face could equally be outwardly facing. Panels 16,18 have longitudinal edges 24,26 28,30, and are interconnected and supported by hinge means 31 as will be further described in greater detail.
On the obverse face of panels 16,18 there is horizontally disposed an upper, box like tubular rail 32, a lower rail 34 and a mid rail 36, these rails being of generally identical cross section, and open at each axial end thereof. Rails 32 and 34 are each closed at the end thereof adjacent panel edge 30 by an end cap 38, and rail 36 by an interlock cap 40. Rails 32, 34, 36 are closed at the ends thereof adjacent the other longitudinal panel edges by hinge caps 42. Caps 38, 40, 42 each include a rail closure portion 44 at one end thereof and a tongue 46 projecting therefrom having a recessed opening 48 therethrough. Tongues 46 are snugly receiveable in the respective ends of the rails 32, 34, 36 each have blind openings 50 on the face thereof contacting obverse face 20 of panels 16,18, in register with tongue openings 48. Panels 16,18 are provided with a plurality of openings 52 therein, in register with openings 48 and 50. Rails 32 and 34 are fastened to panels 16,18 by the use of single ended connectors 54. Connectors 54 comprise a relatively large head 56, a body 58 which is snug fit in a panel opening 52, and a stalk 60 which is of reduced diametric dimension in comparison with body 58, and which is coaxial therewith. Stalk 60 terminates with a tip 62 having a diametric dimension intermediate that of body 58 and stalk 60. An axially aligned slot 63 is provided in tip 62 and stalk 60. Rail blind openings 50 are dimensioned to permit the free passage of tip 62, while recessed tongue openings 48 are adapted to capture the tip upon it being forced therethrough under pressure. In this manner hinge caps 42 are secured to panels 16,18 so as to delocalize the forces transmitted to the panels over a relatively wide area, and thereby reduce the incidence of stress cracking of the panels, which may thus be relatively light structured. Mid-rails 36 serve an additional purpose as handles for door 10, and for this purpose a similar mid-rail 36ʹ is fastened to the reverse face 22 of panels 16,18 in opposition to rail 36. Double ended connectors 64 are provided for this purpose; such connectors comprise a body 58ʹ from which there projects coaxially at each side thereof a stalk 60ʹ having a tipped end 62ʹ, which are slotted at 63ʹ in an analagous arrangement to single ended connector 54. Rail 36ʹ is closed with end caps 38 at the ends thereof adjacent the hinged panel edges 24,26,28 and by an interlocking cap 40 at the end thereof adjacent the non-hinged panel edge 30.
Hinge cap 42 includes a cup 66 having a vertical axis which is forwardly offset from the plane of tongue 46, so as to locate the hinge axis in a plane more remote from both the obverse face 20 and the reverse face 22 of panel 16. It will be appreciated that hinge caps 42 have an asymmetry, and that the corresponding hinge caps used in the left hand section 14 will be a mirror image of those used in the right hand section. Cup 66 has a rim 68 which locates in the medial axial horizontal plane of a rail into which a hinge cap 42 is secured, whereby the hinge caps locating at adjacent panel edges 26,28 will have their rims 68 in abutment and the rails in horizontal alignment. Adjacent hinge caps are mated by a hinge-pin 70 having an upper end 72 which is an interference fit in upper cup 66, and a lower end 74 which is freely rotatable in a lower cup 66, so as to hingedly interconnected panels 16,18 in a demountable manner. Hinge-pins 70 could equally be reversed, which is to say the interfering end 72 thereof could be located in a lower cup 66, and the freely rotatable end 74 in an upper cup.
Rim 68 is provided with a pair of opposed V notches 77 therein located on a diameter of cup 66 such that the notches of mating cups are coincident when panels 16,18 are in their shut coplanar position. Hinge-pin 70 is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed projections 78 having a square on-edge cross section; the interfering end 72 of hinge-pin 70 is located in a cup 66 with projections 78 seated in notches 76, so as to be in register therewith, the notches of the opposed cup then providing a seating for projections 78 when the panels are in the shut position, to thereby provide an index for the door.
Panels 16,18 suitably comprise a hollow construction formed by spaced apart major surfaces presenting themselves as obverse and reverse faces 20,22 interconnected by spacer strips 80, conveniently molded as a unitary sheet extrusion. Panels 16,18 are planar in the upper portions thereof, but it will be remarked that the lower portion is rearwardly downwardly inclined at 90 to direct water flowing down the reverse face 22 of door 10 inwardly into a bath or shower pan. Panels 16,18 are sealed about their periphery with a resilient gasket 92 which has a U shaped cross-section. The bight portion 94 of the gasket is hollow at 96, thereby permitting the abutting faces of the gasket between adjacent panels 16,18, and also between adjacent sections 12,14, to be easily compressed and sealed together when door 10 is shut, so as to restrict the passage of water between the panels. Such compression is facilitated by locally reducing the wall thickness of gasket 96 in the bight portion 94 and adjacent thereto, as at 98. A breathing channel 100 is formed in the inner wall of gasket 92 defining bight portion 94.
Door 10 further comprises a support column 100 which presents a relatively large surface area for the convenient securement of the column to a hollow support wall, using standard fixing techniques. The lower end of support column 100 will normally abut the edge of a bath or a shower pan, thereby receiving much of the load formed by the weight of the door carried by the support column. Door support rods 102 are provided which screwingly correct to support column 100, whereby the effective length of the support rods may be easily varied.
Mounted on the distal end of each support rod 102 and secured thereto by a machine screw 103 is a hinge element 104 comprising a saddle 106 and a sleeve 108 having a vertical axis offset from the plane containing the support rod in a direction opposed to the offset of cups 66, which is to say in a direction towards obverse face 20. Sleeve 108 has a somewhat larger axial opening therein than cup 66, and accommodates a bushing 110 in interfering fit therewith. Bushing 110 has the same internal diameter as cup 66, and a rim 112 which mounts an opposed rim 68 of a cup. Rim 112 has a first pair of diametrically opposed V notches 114 therein, and a second pair of V notches 116 in a diameter orthogonal to that on which the first pair reside. A hinge-pin 70 interconnects sleeve 108 and its mating cup 66, with the projections 78 seated in notches 114. Sleeve 108 has a pair of flats 118 on the external wall thereof adjacent rim 112, to permit the sleeve to be rotated about its axis by a wrench. Accordingly, the plane of shut of door 10 can be easily adjusted relative to the horizontal angle of support column 100 and any enclosure wall to which it is secured.
Door 10 further includes a side panel 120, one longitudinal edge of which is floating and is recessed in a continuous slot 122 provided in support column 100. The opposed longitudinal edge of side panel 120 is supported from the distal ends of support rods 102 by a baffle 124 which connects to the support rods by machine screws 126, screwed axial bores being provided in the support rods for this purpose. The floating arrangement thus permits the adjustment in length of support rods 102 to be automatically accommodated. Accordingly, the overall width of door 10 may be regulated to provide for differently sized wall enclosures to which the doors are to be fitted, and also to accommodate variations in the verticality of the walls and support columns 100 secured thereto.
While the door indexing means provided by V notches 76 and 114, and coacting projections 78 on hinge-pin 70 defines the plane of shut of door 10 reasonably well, small variations are magnified over the width of the door, and this makes it desirable to provide an interlock for sections 12 and 14. Interlock caps 40 are formed with a claw 130 extending therefrom in a direction opposed to tongue 46 on one lateral side of the cap, so as to overlap an adjacent panel when door 10 is closed. Each pair of panels 12,14 along the longitudinal edge 30,30L thereof remote from a support column is provided with a similar pair of claws 130 which together retain the door 10 in a closed position.
In order to permit panel 18 to overlay panel 16 when door 10 is opened, the width of panel 18 is made somewhat less than that of panel 16. The offset of panels 16,18 from support rods 102 permits panels 16,18 when in their folded position, to rotate inwardly, in which position they would project over a bath or shower pan, or outwardly, in which position they would project outwardly from the bath or shower pan, in 180° opposition to their inwardly rotated position. When in either the inwardly or outwardly rotated position door 10 will be retained in position by the indexing means provided by V notches 116 formed on bushing 110.
While the invention has been described in relation to a presently preferred embodiment thereof, such embodiment is exemplary only and not limitative of the invention. Many departures to the described structure will occur to those skilled in the art, and it is intended that these fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A shower door (10) comprising a vertically elongated panel (16) having an obverse face (20) and a reverse face (22) and hinge means (31) secured thereto adjacent one lateral side thereof, the improvement comprising:
a pair of vertically spaced apart tubular rails (32,34) open at the axial ends thereof disposed on the obverse face (20) of said panels, to extend generally between said lateral sides thereof each said tubular rail having a blind opening (5) adjacent each axial end;
a cap (38, 42) having a tongue (46) telescopically received in each open end of said tubular rails to close same, and
fastening means (54) insertible into each said tongue (46) to be captured thereby, said fastening means passing through said panel (16) from the reverse face (22) thereof and said blind opening (50) so as to retain said panel (16), caps (38, 42) and rails (32, 34) in fixed relationship.

2. A shower door as defined in Claim 1, wherein said panel is provided with an upper and a lower pair of relatively large openings therethrough, and said fastening means includes a diametrically enlarged body portion closely surrounded by said opening in said panel, a stalk of reduced diameter in comparison to said body projecting therefrom at one axial end thereof in axial alignment therewith, said stalk having an enlarged end adapted to pass through said blind opening and snap fit behind an opening in said tongue to thereby be captured by said tongue as aforesaid.

3. A shower door as defined in Claim 2, further comprising a door element having a blind opening therein disposed on the reverse face of said panel, and wherein at least one said fastener means is provided with a second stalk having an enlarged end thereto on the other axial end of said body, second stalk being captured in said blind opening of said door element to retain said door element in fixed position in relation to said panel.

4. A shower door as defined in Claim 2, wherein said fastening means has an enlarged head on the other axial end of said body.

5. A shower door as defined in Claim 1, further comprising:
a vertically elongated support column;
a pair of support elements extending horizontally outwardly from said support column;
a hinge element connected to each said support element adjacent the distal end thereof;
each said hinge element portion being mateable with a said hinge element supported on said support elements, and together with a hinge-pin to thereby form a hinge for rotatably supporting said panel from said support elements.

6. A shower door as defined in Claim 5, wherein the axis of rotation of said hinge elements connected to said support elements is offset from the plane of said support elements, and wherein the axis of rotation of the hinge element portions mating therewith is axially offset from the supporting tongue thereof in a manner to increase the offset of the panels from the plane of the support elements, so as to permit said panel to rotate through an angle of at least 180° about the axis of the hinge elements connected to said support element.

7. A shower door as defined in Claim 5, including means for adjustably presetting the extension of said support elements from said support column.

8. A shower door as defined in Claim 5, wherein at least one of said hinge elements connected to said support elements and said hinge element portion mating therewith is provided with adjustable means for indexing said panels when in a predetermined rotational position relative to the plane of said support elements.

9. A shower door as defined in Claim 5, further comprising a gasket circumscribing the periphery of said panel, said gasket having a U shaped transverse cross section in which the bight of said U shape is hollow, to provide an easily compressible surface upon which said panel seals.

10. A shower door as defined in Claim 9, wherein the thickness of the wall of said gasket is reduced at intervals in the bight portion thereof so as to increase the ease of compression thereof in said bight portion.

11. A folding door comprising:
first and second adjacent vertically elongated panels having obverse and reverse faces;
a pair of vertically spaced apart tubular rails open at the axially opposed ends thereof disposed on the obverse face of each said panel, with adjacent rails being generally horizontally aligned; each said rail having a blind opening therein adjacent each axially opposed end thereof;
a cap having a tongue telescopically receivable within said tubular rail to close each end thereof, adjacent said caps having a hinge element portion, adjacent hinge element portions combining together with a hinge-pin to form a hinge for rotatably securing said adjacent panels together, and
fastening means insertible into each said tongue to be captured thereby from the reverse face of a panel and through a blind opening to retain said tongue in its telescoped position while simultaneously securing said rail to said one obverse face.

12. A folding door as defined in Claim 11, wherein said caps having said hinge element portions are identical.

13. In a door comprising a support column, a plurality of support elements of adjustable length extending generally horizontally therefrom, a hinge means rotatably supporting said door from each each said support element, the improvement wherein each said hinge means includes adjustable indexing means defining the plane of shut of the door.

14. A door as defined in Claim 13, wherein said means for adjusting said indexing means includes a sleeve mounted in fixed relation to each said support element, a bushing mounted in said sleeve in interfering fit therewith, and means for rotating said bushing relative to said sleeve.

15. A door as defined in Claim 13, wherein said door comprises at least two panels interconnected by demountable hinges, each said hinge including a pair of identical hinge elements, each of which comprise a tongue for securing said hinge element to one major surface of a panel, a cup offset from said tongue in a direction away from said major surface, each said cup including a rim having a V notch therein a hinge-pin having one axial end thereof dimensioned to provide an interference fit in said cup, the opposed axial end thereof freely rotatable in said cup, said hinge-pin having a radial projection intermediate said axial ends thereof adapted to index with said V notches of opposed cups.