EP0282380B1 - Compositions destinées au traitement du bois et procédés de traitement du bois - Google Patents

Compositions destinées au traitement du bois et procédés de traitement du bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0282380B1
EP0282380B1 EP19880400352 EP88400352A EP0282380B1 EP 0282380 B1 EP0282380 B1 EP 0282380B1 EP 19880400352 EP19880400352 EP 19880400352 EP 88400352 A EP88400352 A EP 88400352A EP 0282380 B1 EP0282380 B1 EP 0282380B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
lanthanide
process according
composition
treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880400352
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0282380A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter S. Gradeff
John F. Davison
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rhodia Chimie SAS
Original Assignee
Rhone Poulenc Chimie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/017,159 external-priority patent/US4743473A/en
Priority claimed from US07/121,616 external-priority patent/US4842898A/en
Priority claimed from US07/121,623 external-priority patent/US4889771A/en
Application filed by Rhone Poulenc Chimie SA filed Critical Rhone Poulenc Chimie SA
Priority to AT88400352T priority Critical patent/ATE68742T1/de
Publication of EP0282380A1 publication Critical patent/EP0282380A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0282380B1 publication Critical patent/EP0282380B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/36—Aliphatic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/38—Aromatic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of treating wood with a composition comprising at least one lanthanide derivative in aqueous solution.
  • organic preservatives are that they exude wood and can then be leached from the surface or evaporated. In order to compensate for the losses of said protective agents, high initial retentions are required. In tropical areas and in regions with high rainfall, the use of organic protective agents has proven uneconomical. Another disadvantage of some organic protective agents is that they can cause burns. In addition, organic agents such as creosote cannot be painted and have an unsightly appearance. In addition, said agents often have toxic side effects.
  • Aqueous protective agents are those which contain chemical protective agents in the form of aqueous solutions. These agents react inside the wood to form compounds whose solubility can be increased by adjusting the pH. When chemical changes occur inside the wood leading to compounds with very low solubility, these compounds are said to be resistant to leaching. Those which form soluble compounds are said to be “leachable”.
  • ACC acid copper chromate solution
  • CCA arsenate and copper chormate solution
  • ACA cuprous ammonium arsenate solution
  • Leachable aqueous protective agents include mixtures of zinc chloride and chromate, phenol, arsenate and chromium fluoride and boron compounds. Leachable aqueous protective agents can only be used for the treatment of wood used indoors or which is not exposed to severe leaching conditions.
  • aqueous protective agents has many advantages: cleanliness, possibility of painting treated wood, absence of odor and, when applied correctly, more durable protection of the wood.
  • US-A-2565175 to HAGER describes a wood treatment process using specific protective agents in combination with specific methods and conditions of penetration and distribution of these protective agents inside the wood.
  • One of the protective agents is CCA, to which ammonia is added to make the treatment solution alkaline. The addition of ammonia prevents the rapid fixation of the protective agent in the wood.
  • the protective agent is introduced into the wood and it is ensured that it does not dry during a period during which there is no fixation of the protective agent which diffuses then through the cell walls. Then we dry the wood.
  • US Pat. No. 4,325,993 to SCHRODER describes a process for protecting wood against attack by living organisms, for example fungi and insects.
  • the process can include one or two steps.
  • there is a fungicidal stage which consists in introducing a copper solution into the wood and an insecticidal stage which consists in introducing a chromium-arsenic solution.
  • Lanthanide derivatives are used for the manufacture of glass, ceramics, paints, plastics and rubber.
  • the compositions based on lanthanide compounds are known to possess bactericidal effects, for example: water-soluble salts which comprise a lanthanide cation and a carboxylate, organosulfate or organosulfonate anion having surface-active properties (cf. EP-A-0037224 and EP-A-0018019); compositions comprising cerium nitrate and silver sulfadiazine (BOECKX et al., BURNS VOL.
  • Cerium derivatives are also used as additives in plastics for food packaging.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a new safe process for the treatment of wood with water-soluble compositions.
  • Another objective of the invention is to achieve a permanent bond of the lanthanide ions with the fibers of the wood.
  • Another object of the present invention is to delay the combustion and prevent degradation of the wood due to bacteria, insects, fungi and weather conditions.
  • the present invention meets the aforementioned objectives as well as others set out later in the description.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method of treating wood by impregnation using a composition comprising an aqueous solution of one or more lanthanide derivatives or of one or more derivatives of different lanthanides, the simultaneous use of one or more derivatives of cerium and CCA being excluded from the scope of the present invention.
  • the wood is impregnated by one or a combination of several known techniques, chosen so that the desired degree of penetration is obtained according to the intended use and a permanent bond of the lanthanide ions with the fibers of the wood is achieved.
  • composition comprising wood or wood derivatives and lanthanides or lanthanide derivatives.
  • the lanthanide or the lanthanide derivative expressed as lanthanide oxide, represent between approximately 0.10% and approximately 5.0% and, preferably, between approximately 0.10% and approximately 2.0% by weight of the composition.
  • This composition resists degradation which occurs on wood, free of lanthanides, exposed to wood destroying organisms such as bacteria, insects and fungi as well as environmental pollution.
  • the wood is treated with an aqueous solution comprising one or more lanthanide derivatives.
  • the wood protection treatment can be applied to any form or type of wood: felling wood, construction wood, stilts, cable-bearing posts, fence posts, plywood, joists and floors, wood for residential construction or commercial, shipbuilding wood, lumber, fibers for laminated materials, pulp, cooling towers, wood for storing crops and transporting food.
  • the term "wood”, as used herein, is not limited to the above list.
  • the lanthanide derivatives which are suitable are the lanthanides lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium or their mixtures.
  • the preferred lanthanides are cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium. Cerium can be trivalent or tetravalent.
  • the lanthanide cation can be linked to an inorganic anion such as nitrate, chloride, sulfate, perchlorate, phosphate or phosphonate.
  • the lanthanide cation can also be linked to an organic ligand, such as low carbon condensation alkyl carboxylate, for example acetate, propionate, acrylate, methacrylate, gluconate, lactate, alkyl sulfonate or alkyl phosphonate. Derivatives with both organic and inorganic ligands are also suitable for the present invention.
  • Lanthanide derivatives can be used alone or in admixture with other wood treatment agents, such as flame retardants, coloring agents, anti-cracking agents, anti-static agents, dimensional stabilizers, film-forming agents, wood softening agents and other biocidal agents, such as fungicides, bactericides, herbicides, insecticides, algicides.
  • other wood treatment agents such as flame retardants, coloring agents, anti-cracking agents, anti-static agents, dimensional stabilizers, film-forming agents, wood softening agents and other biocidal agents, such as fungicides, bactericides, herbicides, insecticides, algicides.
  • the lanthanide derivatives must be soluble in water, preferably in an amount of at least about 0.1% by weight.
  • concentrations lower than 0.1% by weight is not economical. Concentrations between about 0.1 and about 10% are preferred although larger concentrations can be used. The concentrations chosen between approximately 0.5 and approximately 2.5% are particularly preferred.
  • the interaction between the lanthanide ion and the wood according to the process of the invention is a crosslinking of the cellulose fibers with the lanthanide ion.
  • the lanthanide ion is also believed to bind with other wood compounds, such as lignin and rosin, which provide active sites for chemical bonds.
  • the bond could involve one or more valences of the lanthanide element.
  • Crosslinking occurs in a range of relatively neutral pHs or acidic pHs (less than about 7). The interaction is faster during treatment under hydrostatic pressure or under vacuum and slower during surface treatment.
  • We apply the compositions so that the lanthanide cation penetrates into the wood fibers and reacts with the hydroxy sites or other active sites in the wood.
  • the time required to achieve a sufficient number of permanent bonds between the lanthanide and the wood depends on several factors, for example, the type of treatment, the type of wood to be treated as well as the conditions in which the material is found before treatment.
  • the lanthanide derivatives can be applied to wood according to any known method, in particular those described in the above-mentioned "Book of Standards”.
  • wood conditioning methods comprising preliminary steps intended to increase the penetration of the lanthanide compositions into the wood. Mention may be made of the stages of drying in air, in an oven, under vacuum, in steam or a combination thereof.
  • the composition can be applied comprising an aqueous solution of at least one lanthanide derivative according to a surface treatment, for example, immersion, spraying or brush application.
  • a surface treatment for example, immersion, spraying or brush application.
  • the treatment can be single or repeated in combination with other agents or alternately with different concentrations of the treating solutions depending on the degree of penetration sought.
  • the treatment can be carried out around room temperature or at higher temperatures.
  • the composition comprising an aqueous solution of at least one lanthanide derivative in a vacuum treatment which can be broken down into two stages. Initially, the wood is subjected to a vacuum treatment, then the treatment solution is introduced without reintroduction of air. It is obvious that the parameters of this process can vary within wide limits. Pre-conditioned wood requires less time and vacuum than wet wood. The duration and the vacuum depend on the size or shape of the material to be treated and the desired depth of penetration. The same is true for temperature.
  • the vacuum stage has for purpose of emptying the wood cells of the humidity and the air which they contain so that the lanthanide-based treatment solution can penetrate with less resistance in the empty cell. The effect is similar to that of treating wood under pressure. The same is true of the results.
  • composition can also be applied comprising an aqueous solution of at least one lanthanide derivative according to a pressure process which can be used to treat wood which has been conditioned or not.
  • the process involves applying hydrostatic pressure to the wood immersed in the lanthanide-based treatment solution.
  • the contact time can vary widely depending on the condition, type and thickness of the wood.
  • the contact time varies between about 30 minutes and about 10 hours. Of course, longer durations can be used.
  • the contact time can be reduced when the pressure is increased.
  • a contact time of between about 3 and about 6 hours is preferred. It has been demonstrated that most of the bonds are formed during the immersion of the wood in the lanthanide solution and that the crosslinking reaction can continue for several days after treatment.
  • the pressure must be higher than atmospheric pressure. At atmospheric pressure, there is no significant permanent bond formation. Although there is some impregnation of the wood, the deposited derivative can be almost completely leached from the wood.
  • the pressure is chosen between approximately 10 psi (6.895 ⁇ 104 Pa) and approximately 300 psi (2.0684 ⁇ 106 Pa) and even more preferably between approximately 50 psi (3.4473 ⁇ 105 Pa) and approximately 280 psi ( 1.9305 ⁇ 106 Pa).
  • the wood is immersed in a closed reactor containing a composition of the lanthanide derivative, then hydrostatic pressure is applied.
  • the pressure can be applied, for example, by compression of the bath using mechanical means (isostatic pump).
  • the pressure can also be maintained using one or more inert gases, for example nitrogen.
  • the treatment temperature should not exceed approximately 95 ° C.
  • the temperature chosen is room temperature, namely between approximately 20 and approximately 30 ° C.
  • a temperature chosen between around 40 and 60 ° C. is preferred to facilitate penetration and bonding between the lanthanide cation and the wood fibers.
  • the aqueous solution is removed.
  • the amount of lanthanide derivatives can be adjusted and the resulting solution can be used for the treatment of another load of wood.
  • the treated wood is simply left to dry.
  • Treated wood is resistant to degradation caused by bacteria, insects, fungi and weather conditions.
  • the treatment makes it possible to delay the combustion of the wood.
  • One of the main advantages of using lanthanides is their relative safety, which is important during the implementation of the process, the subsequent handling or leaching or when there is sludge formation.
  • the wood is brought into contact with a treating solution and penetration of the latter occurs.
  • the term "penetration" is not sufficient to describe and explain the unexpected and superior results of the wood treated with the aqueous lanthanide compositions.
  • the present invention provides a permanent attachment of the elements to the wood.
  • permanent fixation also called bond or crosslinking in the present application, is meant that the lanthanide ion is fixed to the fibers so that it is no longer possible for it to be leached by water.
  • the wood treated with the lanthanides under pressure has a greater amount of bound lanthanide ions after aging than when it was tested just after the treatment.
  • the treated wood sample is washed with running water for 12 hours.
  • the washed wood is then dried, and the percentage of ash measured is determined after combustion of the sample and calcination of the residue at 1000 ° C.
  • the percentage of "ash" before treatment is subtracted from the percentage of "ash" of the treated wood in order to determine the amount of lanthanide permanently bound.
  • test results show that there is more lanthanide derivative permanently attached to wood when pressure is applied rather than when atmospheric pressure is applied.
  • the percentage of ash increases. This indicates that the crosslinking process continues over several days. Table II illustrates the benefits of aging.
  • Southern yellow pine wood is treated with lanthanide derivatives by immersion, spraying or brushing with a composition comprising an aqueous solution of a lanthanide derivative.
  • the treated wood is left to dry and age for several days.
  • the samples are leached under running water as described in Example 1, then reduced to ashes.
  • the results show that a certain quantity of lanthanide ions is permanently linked (cf. example 1, tests 5, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25).
  • leaching occurs after the aging period of several days or months after treatment, greater amounts of bound lanthanide ions are found.
  • Standardized samples having undergone no preconditioning, are placed in a two-necked reactor, equipped with a dropping funnel containing a 2% aqueous solution of cerium nitrate.
  • a reduced pressure is established (about 2.66.102 Pa) which is maintained for 10 hours.
  • the reactor is filled with the cerium nitrate solution and the samples are kept immersed for about 4 hours.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
EP19880400352 1987-02-20 1988-02-17 Compositions destinées au traitement du bois et procédés de traitement du bois Expired - Lifetime EP0282380B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400352T ATE68742T1 (de) 1987-02-20 1988-02-17 Zusammensetzungen, bestimmt zur holzbehandlung und verfahren zur holzbehandlung.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/017,159 US4743473A (en) 1987-02-20 1987-02-20 Method of preserving wood with lanthanide derivatives
US17159 1987-02-20
US07/121,616 US4842898A (en) 1987-02-20 1987-11-17 Method of preserving wood with lanthanide derivatives lanthanide derivatives
US07/121,623 US4889771A (en) 1987-02-20 1987-11-17 Method of preserving wood with lanthanide derivatives
US121623 1987-11-17
US121616 1987-11-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0282380A1 EP0282380A1 (fr) 1988-09-14
EP0282380B1 true EP0282380B1 (fr) 1991-10-23

Family

ID=27360730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880400352 Expired - Lifetime EP0282380B1 (fr) 1987-02-20 1988-02-17 Compositions destinées au traitement du bois et procédés de traitement du bois

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0282380B1 (fi)
AU (1) AU614736B2 (fi)
BR (1) BR8800676A (fi)
DE (1) DE3865707D1 (fi)
ES (1) ES2025787T3 (fi)
FI (1) FI880801A (fi)
MA (1) MA21186A1 (fi)
NO (1) NO880711L (fi)
NZ (1) NZ223570A (fi)
PT (1) PT86794B (fi)
SU (1) SU1708150A3 (fi)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0018019A1 (en) * 1979-02-09 1980-10-29 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Antimicrobial water-soluble compound which contains a rare earth metal cation, its application in oral compositions and method for controlling microorganisms therewith
EP0037224A1 (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-10-07 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Rare earth metal carboxylates, their use as antimicrobial agents, and medicinal, cosmetic and cleansing compositions containing them
CA1257451A (en) * 1985-11-25 1989-07-18 William P. Trumble Stabilization of wood preservative solutions and preservation of wood by such solutions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU614736B2 (en) 1991-09-12
SU1708150A3 (ru) 1992-01-23
ES2025787T3 (es) 1992-04-01
NO880711D0 (no) 1988-02-18
EP0282380A1 (fr) 1988-09-14
FI880801A (fi) 1988-08-21
DE3865707D1 (de) 1991-11-28
BR8800676A (pt) 1988-10-04
NZ223570A (en) 1990-07-26
PT86794A (pt) 1988-03-01
PT86794B (pt) 1992-10-30
NO880711L (no) 1988-08-22
MA21186A1 (fr) 1988-10-01
AU1197488A (en) 1988-08-25
FI880801A0 (fi) 1988-02-19

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