EP0280293A2 - Musiktonerzeugungsvorrichtung, um ein Musiktonsignal durch die Kombination von Komponentenwellen zu synthetisieren - Google Patents

Musiktonerzeugungsvorrichtung, um ein Musiktonsignal durch die Kombination von Komponentenwellen zu synthetisieren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280293A2
EP0280293A2 EP88102806A EP88102806A EP0280293A2 EP 0280293 A2 EP0280293 A2 EP 0280293A2 EP 88102806 A EP88102806 A EP 88102806A EP 88102806 A EP88102806 A EP 88102806A EP 0280293 A2 EP0280293 A2 EP 0280293A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
function
global
functions
orders
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Granted
Application number
EP88102806A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0280293A3 (en
EP0280293B1 (de
Inventor
Kenichi Pat.Dept.Dev.Div. Hamura R&D Ctr Tsutsumi
Jun Pat. Dept. Dev. Div. Hamura R&D Ctr. Yoshino
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Casio Computer Co Ltd
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Casio Computer Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP62040455A external-priority patent/JP2621862B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1987025501U external-priority patent/JP2521652Y2/ja
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Publication of EP0280293A2 publication Critical patent/EP0280293A2/de
Publication of EP0280293A3 publication Critical patent/EP0280293A3/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/057—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits
    • G10H1/0575—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits using a data store from which the envelope is synthesized
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
    • G10H1/08—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by combining tones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a musical tone generating apparatus and, more particularly, to a musical tone generating apparatus of a type such as a sine wave synthesizing type for synthesizing a musical tone signal, by combining envelope-controlled component wave signals of plurality of orders from a component wave generating means.
  • envelopes respectively corresponding to a plurality of sine waves as frequency components of the musical tone are independently controlled to change tone colors as a function of time.
  • a musical tone generating apparatus of this type is described in e.g., U.S.P. No. 4,083,285.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a musical tone generating apparatus capable of producting envelope functions independently of respective component wave signals in response to simple input operations.
  • a musical tone generating apparatus of a type for synthesizing a musical tone signal by controlling envelopes of a plurality of com­ponent wave signals of orders from component wave generating means in accordance with envelope functions of corresponding orders, comprising: common envelope setting means for supplying a common envelope function to the plurality of component wave signals of the plurality of orders; and envelope modifying means for modifying the com­mon envelope function supplied from the common enve­lope setting means into values of the plurality of orders, thereby generating the envelope functions for controlling the envelopes of the component wave signals.
  • a musical tone generating apparatus of a type for synthesizing a musical tone signal such that envelopes are provided to a plurality of component wave signals by using independent envelope functions, comprising: first generating means for generating component wave signals of a plurality of orders constituting a first group; second generating means for generating component wave signals of a plurality of orders constituting a second group; global envelope setting means for supplying at least one type of global envelope function; first envelope modifying means for modifying the global envelope function from the global envelope setting means, in accordance with its order, thereby generating first envelope functions of the respective orders; and second envelope modifying means for modifying the global envelope function from the global envelope setting means in accordance with its order, thereby generating second envelope functions of the respective orders, wherein the component wave signals belonging to the first group are controlled by the first envelope functions of the corresponding orders from the first envelope modifying means, the component wave signals belonging to the second group are controlled by the second envelope functions of the corresponding orders from
  • the user need not produce individual envelope functions for the com­ponent wave signals of a plurality of orders in order to obtain musical tones.
  • a data input device such as a keyboard
  • the user selects only one envelope function to obtain a variety of tone colors because a plurality of envelope functions are generated on the basis of one envelope function (i.e., a common or global envelope function) generated by an envelope modifying means.
  • An envelope function for controlling an envelope of a component wave signal of a given order is obtained by modifying the common envelope function in accordance with a value of a corresponding order of the component wave signal.
  • the enve­lope modifying means performs modification represented by the following function: G(x,w)
  • the value of function G(x,w) is determined by parameter x and parameter w .
  • the modified value of function G(x,w) is a value for the xth order envelope function. That is, it is a value of the envelope function for controlling the envelope of the xth order component wave signal.
  • function G(x,w) provides a modification characteristic for modifying the common envelope function into the envelope functions of the respective orders.
  • function G(x,w) can be calculated in accordance with arithmetical and logical operations.
  • the envelope modi­fying means can be basically realized by a means for executing appropriate logical and/or arithmetical algorithms.
  • modification characteristic function G(x,w) is solely determined if order value x and the value w of the common envelope function are given.
  • this function cannot be solved by arithmetic and logical operations or cannot be calcu­lated for at least a given combination of x and w .
  • the envelope modifying means can be consti­tuted by using a modification table (e.g., a memory such as a ROM) in the range where calculations cannot be performed.
  • the modification table can also be used in the first example.
  • a suitable construction can be determined in consideration of a processing speed, an operation volume, and a required memory capacity.
  • logical operations e.g., comparison, AND, and OR
  • modification characteristic function G(x,w) can be defined as a func­tion in which the characteristics are changed in ranges of values of parameter u if parameter u is calculated by arithmetical operations using parameter x of the order and parameter w of the envelope function.
  • an appropriate function is selected in accordance with the value of parameter u . For example, if u > 0, then monotonous function G1(u) serves as a modification characteristic function. If u ⁇ 0, another monotonous function G2(u) serves as a modification characteristic function. In this case, logical operations are added to the arithmetical operations.
  • the envelope modifying means produces envelopes of respective orders from the common envelope function.
  • the user is free from production of respective envelope functions for the corresponding component waves and can easily produce musical tones.
  • the common envelope function input to the envelope modifying means can be expressed in various forms.
  • an envelope function can be given as a waveform data format (i.e., a sequence of digital data representing the instan­taneous values of the envelope levels).
  • the envelope functions can be represented by compressed data (control information).
  • an envelope function of a polygonal type is expressed as a set of position data of polygonal points (e.g., this function is expressed by several step rate data and several step level data).
  • this function is expressed by several step rate data and several step level data.
  • A/D-converted data (data prior to data compression) is expressed in the form of waveform data.
  • the form of the input device for inputting the common envelope function is not important to the present invention.
  • the form of modification processing varies in the envelope modifying means in accordance with the form of expression of the input common envelope function.
  • the envelope modifying means modifies the common envelope function given in the form of digital waveform data into envelope functions of the respective orders represented in the same form as the common envelope-function. That is, each digital value of the common envelope function is modified into the corresponding digital value of an envelope functions of each order.
  • the modified envelope functions of the respective orders which are expressed in the form of waveform data can be directly inparted to a component wave signal in the form of waveform data.
  • the above envelope functions of the respective orders may be decoded into the envelope function in the form of waveform data upon generation of a musical tone signal after the envelope functions of the respective orders are compressed in the form of control information.
  • the envelope modifying means modifies the common envelope function given in the form of control information into the envelope functions of the respective orders in the same form as the common envelope function.
  • the values of the control information e.g., values of rate data and level data for each step, or coordinates of each polygonal point
  • G(x,w) modification characteristic function
  • the modification characteristic function is also applied to points on a polygonal line (these points can be easily calculated by arithmetical operations because the common envelope function is defined by control information) in addition to polygonal points, thereby obtaining points defining the envelope functions of the respective orders.
  • the envelope function of each order modified by the envelope modifying means is finally used to control the envelope of the component wave signal of the order corresponding to the envelope function.
  • This envelope control can be performed by a digital multiplier, an analog multiplier, or a device for performing other functionally or equivalently performing a multiplication.
  • the component wave signal is not limited to the sine wave signal but can be extended to any waveform signal having a fre­quency or a frequency spectrum corresponding to the order.
  • a rectangular wave e.g., a rec­tangular wave obtained by the Walsh function
  • a component wave signal can be used as a component wave signal.
  • independent envelopes can be given in units of groups of component waves, and musical tones with a variety of tone colors can be obtained.
  • a means for establishing an independent relation­ship between an envelope function for a component wave belonging to a given group (e.g., the first group) and that belonging to another group (e.g., the second group) can be arranged in several specific forms.
  • a global envelope setting means provides dif­ferent global envelope functions in units of groups.
  • the user produces different envelopes in units of component wave groups.
  • the envelope modifying means for the first group generates envelope functions of the respective orders on the basis of the first global envelope function.
  • the envelope modifying means for the second group produces envelope functions of the respective orders on the basis of the second global envelope function.
  • the modification logical algorithm used in the first and second envelope modifying means is the same and is given as Fx(W) where x is the order and W is the global envelope function.
  • Fx(W) is the xth-order envelope function.
  • the envelope modifying means modifies the global envelope function in accordance with its orders.
  • Condition Fx(W) ⁇ Fy(W) is established between envelope functions Fx(W) and Fy(W) having different orders x and y .
  • Fx(W) Fx(W).
  • functions Fx(W) and Fy(W) depend on the orders (if identical global envelope functions are assumed).
  • the first global envelope function W1(t) and the second envelope function W2(t) are independently determined by the user and are inde­pendent functions. Functions obtained by modifying independent functions on the basis of the same modifica­tion logical algorithm are independent. If the first envelope modifying means produces xth-order envelope function ⁇ Fx(W1(t)) ⁇ and the second envelope modifying means produces xth-order envelope function Fx(W2(t)), condition Fx(W1(t)) ⁇ Fx(W2(t)) is established.
  • envelope function group ⁇ Fx(W1(t)). ⁇ for controlling the component waves of the first group and envelope function group ⁇ Fx(W2(t)) ⁇ for controlling the component waves of the second group are independent.
  • modification logical algorithm Fx(W) of the first envelope modifying means and modification logical algorithm Gx(W) of the second envelope modifying means are independent or dif­ferent.
  • either envelope modifying means can receive the same global envelope function.
  • the global envelope setting means can provide only one global envelope function.
  • envelope function group ⁇ Fx(W) ⁇ generated by the first envelope modifying means to control the component waves of the first group and envelope function group ⁇ Gx(W) ⁇ gener­ated by the second envelope modifying means to control the component waves of the second group are independent of each other.
  • a means can be used to modify a single global envelope function set by the user into global envelope functions which are indepen­dent between the groups.
  • the global envelope function of each group is supplied to the corresponding envelope modifying means.
  • global envelope function G(W) for the first group is supplied to the first envelope modifying means and global envelope function H(W) for the second group is supplied to the second envelope modifying means.
  • envelope modifying means i.e., a means for modifying the global envelope group into envelope functions of the respective orders
  • Fig. 1 shows the overall circuit arrangement of a sine wave synthesis type musical tone generating apparatus.
  • n envelope-controlled sine wave gen­erators 15-1 to 15-n are connected to keyboard 1 serving as a performance input device, data input device 2 for inputting various data, and global envelope memory (com­mon envelope memory) 3.
  • Envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n are arranged to generate sine waves having independent frequencies on the basis of harmonic data set by a user at data input device 2.
  • Global envelope memory 3 comprises a RAM and stores global envelope function data set at data input device 2.
  • the global envelope is modified by the circuit constructed in the sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n into envelope function data depending on their assigned frequencies (i.e., orders).
  • the sine waves generated in generators 15-1 to 15-n are envelope-controlled by the modified envelope data.
  • n independent envelope functions can be obtained for the preset global envelope function.
  • the user need not set n envelopes for the respective sine waves, thereby reducing envelope producing labor.
  • Envelope-controlled sine wave data from envelope-­controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n are added by adder 16, and a sum signal (musical tone signal) is converted into an analog signal by D/A converter 17.
  • the analog signal is produced as a tone through ampli­fier 18 and loudspeaker 19.
  • each envelope-controlled sine wave generator is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the arrangement surrounded by the dotted line and denoted by reference numeral 15 represents one of envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n.
  • key code generator 4 generates a key code corresponding to the depressed key at keyboard 1.
  • Key code converter 5 converts the generated key code in accordance with a value in harmonic data memory 10.
  • Memory 10 can store harmonic data (harmonic orders) of 0 to 31 which can be set by the user at data input device 2.
  • Key code con­verter 5 converts the key code using the stored harmonic data in accordance with a method shown in Fig. 3.
  • phase angle generator 6 com­prises a frequency data ROM and an accumulator and causes the frequency data ROM to convert the key code from key code converter 5 into frequency data, and the accumulator to accumulate the frequency data so as to generate a phase angle corresponding to the key code, thereby read­ing out sine wave data from sine wave ROM 7.
  • An output from sine wave ROM 7 is a sine wave signal having a fre­quency corresponding to the order of a harmonic set in harmonic data memory 10.
  • the key code is converted in accordance with the harmonic data.
  • frequency data may be converted into frequency data corresponding to the harmonic in accordance with bit shifting or the like.
  • value of the phase angle output from phase angle generator 6 may be converted to obtain a phase angle representing the corresponding order. In this manner, various circuit modifications may be proposed.
  • Fixed amplitude memory 11 comprises a RAM for storing data for controlling (scaling) the amplitude of the sine wave signal from sine wave ROM 7 regardless of time changes. Scaling data can be input by the user at data input device 2. Scaling data stored in fixed amplitude memory 11 represent independent values for envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n. Therefore, when the sine wave data from sine wave ROM 7 is multiplied by each multiplier 8 with the data read out from fixed amplitude memory 11, relative amplitudes of n sine wave signals can be independently controlled.
  • the amplitude-controlled sine wave signal from multiplier 8 is multiplied with an envelope signal output from envelope modification device 14 (to be described in detail later). Therefore, amplitude control as a function of time can be performed, and the product is output from envelope sine wave generator 15.
  • global envelope memory 3 stores common global envelope function data for n envelope-­controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n.
  • the global envelope function in global envelope memory 3 can be expressed by 4-step rate data and 4-step level data (Fig. 4).
  • the global envelope function in this form is modified into the form of waveform data by envelope generator 12 (Fig. 5). More specifically, envelope generator 12 comprises an accumulator and a comparator and receives step-1 rate data of step-1 level data from global envelope memory 3. The rate data is repetitively accumulated. If the accumulation result reaches the level data, envelope generator 12 receives step-2 rate data and step-2 level data from global envelope memory 3. The above operations are repeated to obtain waveform data of the global envelope.
  • Envelope modification device 14 modifies the waveform data of the common global envelope function generated by envelope generator 12 into waveform data of envelope functions of the respective orders in accordance with harmonic data (order) from harmonic data memory 10. For example, if the harmonic data from harmonic data memory 10 in envelope-controlled sine wave generator 15 is 1 (i.e., this value represents a second harmonic), the first-order envelope waveform data is generated by envelope modification device 14. The first-order envelope waveform data is multiplied with a sine wave signal having a frequency of the second harmonic, thereby controlling the envelope.
  • envelope modification device 14 The arbitrary modification characteristic of envelope modification device 14 can be provided in principle. In practice, the modification characteristic for a resonance effect will be described first.
  • x is the order, i.e., the value of the harmonic data from harmonic data memory 10
  • w(t) is the global envelope function, i.e., the output from envelope generator 12, and that R is the depth of resonance.
  • Xth-order envelope function Fx(t) modified by envelope generator 12 satisfies the following con­ditions:
  • Xth-order envelope function Fx(t) is expressed as a function of time t .
  • function F(u) is derived.
  • the value of function F(u) is changed in accordance with order x relative to value W(t) of global envelope function at arbitrary time t . Therefore, function F(u) determines the modification characteristic for modifying the global envelope func­tion into envelope functions of the respective orders.
  • modification characteristic function F(u) is shown in Fig. 6(A).
  • a difference obtained by subtracting the value of global envelope function W(t) from order x is plotted along abscissa u . As shown in Fig.
  • the resonance effect can be dynamically given. More specifically, the value of global envelope function W(t) is changed as a function of time t . When specific order x0 is given, a value obtained by subtracting W(t) from order x0 is also changed as a function of time along the u-axis in Fig. 6(A). The value of each F(u), i.e., value Fx0(t i ) of the x0th-order envelope function at time t i is also changed. According to Fig.
  • the value of Fx0(t i ) is one (1) and is not thus attenuated if order x is sufficiently smaller (lower) than value W(t i ) of the global envelope function at time t i . How­ever, if order x is sufficiently larger (higher) than value W(t i ) of the global envelope function at time t i , the value of FX0(t i ) is zero and is thus perfectly atte­nuated. If order x is very close to value W(t i ) of the global envelope function at time ti, the value of Fx0(t i ) can be amplified to a value of one or more.
  • the order of an envelope function having an amplified value at a given time is close to the value of the global envelope function at the given time. Therefore, the order of the emphasized component wave is changed as a function of time, thereby obtaining the resonance effect which is dynamically changed as a function of time.
  • envelope modification device 14 shown in Fig. 2 produces x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t) shown in Fig. 6(C) in accordance with modification characteristic F(u) shown in Fig. 6(A).
  • x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t) which correspond to several values of global envelope function W(t) shown in Fig. 6(B) are written in Fig. 6(A).
  • the values of x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t) at other times can be obtained in the same manner as described above.
  • envelope modification device 14 shown in Fig. 2 performs modifications for all data values of global envelope function W(t) in the form of waveform data supplied from envelope generator 12.
  • Envelope modification device 14 can be arranged in various ways.
  • device 14 can comprise a subtracter for calculating a difference between the instantaneous value of global envelope function W(t) from envelope generator 12 and the value of order x from harmonic data memory 10, and a memory addressed in response to output data from the subtracter and adapted to store modified envelope function waveform data values.
  • modification characteristic function F(u) or f(x-W(t)) is a function to be calcu­lated
  • f(x-W(t)) is calculated and is added to resonance value R, thereby obtaining f(x-W(t)) + R. Whether difference u is negative is determined or whether f(x-W(t)) + R is 1 or less is determined. If both these conditions are established (corresponding to x ⁇ W(t) and f(x-W(t)) + R ⁇ 1), constant 1 is used as the modified envelope function value. If neither conditions are established (corre­sponding to x ⁇ W(t) or f(x-W(t) + R ⁇ 1), whether f(x-W(t)) + R is negative is determined. If value f(x-W(t)) + R is not negative, this value serves as the modified envelope function value. If value f(x-W(t)) + R is negative, constant 0 serves as the modified envelope function value.
  • Modification characteristic F(u) of the global envelope function/envelope functions of the respective orders is not limited to ones shown in Fig. 6(A) or in modification conditions (a) to (e).
  • cx W(t) (where c is a constant or cx is an increment function of x ) may be the central position of the resonance.
  • (x-K) can be evaluated as the value of order x .
  • cx can be evaluated as the value of order x .
  • Modification characteristic F(u) may be selected to obtain a high-pass filter type resonance effect in place of the low-pass filter type resonance effect.
  • FIG. 7(A) A modification characteristic for the high-pass filter type resonance effect is shown in Fig. 7(A). This modification characteristic is obtained by changing conditions (a) and (b) of conditions (a) to (e) and using the following condition in place of condition (a):
  • Modification characteristic F(u) may be selected to obtain a band-pass filter type resonance effect, as shown in Fig. 7(B).
  • Resonance value R need not be a constant but a variable which can be changed by the user.
  • the resonance value can be preferably changed in real time during musical performance in the following manner.
  • changing resonance value R is used in the process for producing envelope functions Fx(t) of the respective orders in the form of waveform data from global envelope function W(t) in the form of waveform data.
  • envelope modification device 14 in Fig. 2 The operation of envelope modification device 14 in Fig. 2 will be described when waveform data of envelopes of the respective orders for obtaining a low-pass filter effect is to be generated.
  • envelope modification device 14 per­forms the following modifications to produce envelopes of the respective orders:
  • Fig. 8(A) shows the characteristic of function Fx(t) when order x is plotted along the abscissa.
  • function W(t) is a function of the global envelope function, its value is changed as a function of time t . If specific order x0 is given, the value of x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t) is changed in accordance with the value at each time of global envelope function W(t).
  • x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t) is not attenuated. However, in the range of x0 > W(t), the function is greatly attenuated when a difference between x0 and W(t) is larger.
  • x0th-order envelope modification device 14 generates x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t) shown in Fig. 9(B) in accordance with the modification characteristic shown in Fig. 8(A).
  • value Fx0(b) of the modified envelope function is not attenuated and is 1, as shown in Fig. 8(C).
  • Value W(d) of the global envelope function at time d is slightly smaller than the value of order x0. For this reason, order x0 is located in the region of the attenuation curve of f(x-W(t)) shown in Fig. 8(A).
  • the modified envelope function value is value Fx0(d) between 0 and 1 in accordance with the characteristic of attenuation curve f(x-W(t)), as shown in Fig. 8(E).
  • envelope modification device 14 performs modifications for all data values of global envelope function W(t) in the form of waveform data supplied from envelope generator 12. As a result, enve­lope function Fx0(t) in the form of waveform data shown in Fig. 9(B) is calculated.
  • Envelope functions of higher orders than order x0 are attenuated as compared with the x0th-order envelope function. As a result, an effect similar to a low-pass filter can be obtained.
  • Envelope modification device 14 can be arranged in various ways.
  • envelope modification device 14 comprises a subtracter for calculating a difference between the instantaneous value of the global envelope function output from envelope generator 12 and the value of the order from harmonic data memory 10, and a memory addressed in response to output data from the subtracter to store waveform data of the modified envelope func­tion.
  • a calculation program is executed. For example, the value of order x and the instantaneous value of global envelope function W(t) are compared. If the value of order x is smaller than the instantaneous value of the envelope function, the modified envelope function value serves as a constant.
  • instantaneous value W(t) is used to calculate f(x-W(t)).
  • the sign of f(x-W(t)) is determined. If value f(x-W(t)) is positive, the result serves as the modified envelope function value. Otherwise, zero serves as the modified envelope function value.
  • a modification characteristic for the global envelope function/envelope functions of the respective orders is not limited to the one shown in Fig. 8(A).
  • envelope modification device 14 shown in Fig. 2 An operation of envelope modification device 14 shown in Fig. 2 will be described when waveform data for envelopes of the respective orders for obtaining an effect similar to the high-pass filter is generated.
  • envelope modification device 14 per­forms the following modifications to generate envelopes of the respective orders:
  • function f(u) is set to be 1. However, if the value of order x is smaller than the value of global envelope function W(t), the gradient of function F(u) is positive.
  • Fig. 10(A) Difference u is plotted along the abscissa and obtained by subtracting the value of global envelope function W(t) from the value of order x .
  • global envelope function W(t) is changed as a function of time t .
  • envelope modification device 14 generates x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t) shown in Fig. 10(C) in accordance with the modification characteristic shown in Fig. 10(A).
  • envelope modification device 14 performs modifications for all data values of global envelope function W(t) in the form of waveform data supplied from envelope generator 12.
  • enve­lope function Fx0(t) in the form of waveform data shown in Fig. 10(C) is calculated for the x0th order.
  • Envelope modification device 14 can be arranged in various ways.
  • envelope modification device 14 comprises a subtracter for calculating a difference between the instantaneous value of the global envelope function output from envelope generator 12 and the value of the order from harmonic data memory 10, and a memory addressed in response to output data from the subtracter to store waveform data of the modified envelope func­tion.
  • f(x-W(t)) in condition (k) can be calculated, a calculation program is executed. For example, the value of order x and the instantaneous value of global envelope function W(t) are compared. If the value of order x is larger than the instantaneous value of the envelope function, the modified envelope function value serves as a constant.
  • instantaneous value W(t) is used to calculate f(x-W(t)).
  • the sign of f(x-W(t)) is determined. If value f(x-W(t)) is positive, the result serves as the modified envelope function value. Otherwise, zero serves as the modified envelope function value.
  • a modification characteristic for the global envelope function/envelope functions of the respective orders is not limited to the one shown in Fig. 10(A).
  • Envelope modification device 14 described above generates envelope functions in the form of waveform data by using the global envelope functions in the form of waveform data and the order data. At the same time, all values of the waveform data of the global envelope are modified.
  • an arrangement shown in Fig. 11 modifies a global envelope function expressed by a set of rate data and level data shown in Fig. 4 into enve­lope functions of the respective orders.
  • several points of global envelope function W(t) are modified in accordance with modification charac­teristic F(u). These points include peak or break points (i.e., points corresponding to W(a), W(b), W(c), W(d), and W(e) in Fig. 12) on global envelope function W(t) and points (i.e., points corresponding to W(t1) and W(t2)) in which the values of function W(t) coincide with the values of order x .
  • Envelope modification device 14A in Fig. 11 executes the following algorithm to obtain a set of rate data and level data which express the x0th-order envelope function in accordance with the set of rate and level data which define the global envelope data.
  • l (i) and r(i) are level and rate data of the ith step of the global envelope function
  • L(j) and R(j) represent level and rate data of the jth step of the x0th-order envelope function to be stored in envelope memory 14B for respective orders.
  • l(old) represents the previous level of the point on the global envelope function. The initial value of level l(old) is zero, and L(0) is also zero. Both initial values of i and j are 1.
  • Envelope generator 14C has an arrangement similar to that of envelope generator 12 shown in Fig. 2.
  • rate and level data are read out from the first step from envelope memory 14B for the respective orders.
  • the envelope functions of the respective orders which are expressed by rate and level data are sequentially changed into waveform data.
  • the amplitudes of sine wave data of the corresponding orders which are output from multiplier 8 are controlled by multiplier 9 in accordance with the waveform data sequentially generated by envelope generator 14C.
  • Fig. 13 shows a modification obtained by partially modifying the circuit arrangement in Fig. 11.
  • Envelope modification device 14A cooperates with global envelope generator 14D to modify the global envelope function from global envelope memory 3 into envelope functions of the respective orders expressed in the same form as that of the global envelope function.
  • Global envelope generator 14D calculates an instantaneous value of the global envelope function and basically comprises an accu­mulator. After the rate data is set by envelope modifi­cation device 14A, envelope generator 14D adds rate data to the accumulated value every time a clock is supplied from envelope modification device 14A. An accumulation result is output to envelope modification device 14A.
  • Envelope modification device 14A comprises a level coincidence detector for detecting a coincidence between the accumulation result front global envelope generator 14D and global envelope predetermined level data, and an order coincidence detector for detecting a coincidence between the accumulation result and the order data. If the coincidence is established, the accumulation result is modified in accordance with modification characteristic F(u) to obtain level data of envelopes of the respective orders (The arrangement required for modification itself is substantially the same as the corresponding section in envelope modification device 14 shown in Fig. 2). If a coincidence signal is output from the level coincidence detector, global envelope generator 14D is reset in accordance with the rate data of the next envelope step.
  • envelope modification device 14A comprises a counter for counting an operation count of each envelope step in global envelope generator 14D and a circuit for calculating rate data of the envelopes of the respective orders in accordance with a difference between the level data and time data as the contents of the counter.
  • envelope modification device 14A reads out the rate and level data of step 1 for global enve­lope function W(t) shown in Fig. 12(B) (corresponding to the interval between time a and time b in Fig. 12(B)) from global envelope memory 3.
  • the level data is set in the internal level coincidence detector, and the rate data is set in global envelope generator 14D.
  • Envelope modification device 14A supplies a clock signal to generator 14D to allow an accumulation operation and increments the count of the internal counter by one.
  • the internal order coincidence detector detects a coincidence between the global envelope function value (output from global envelope generator 14D) and the value of order x0.
  • envelope modification device 14A modifies the function value in accordance with modification characteristic F(u) shown in Fig. 12(A).
  • the modified result is assured as the level data of the first step of the x0th-order envelope function.
  • a difference between this level data and the immediately preceding step level data (in this case, no preceding step is present, and the previous level data represents zero) is calculated.
  • the difference is divided by the count of the counter, i.e., the value representing the time of the first step of x0th-order envelope function Fx0(t).
  • the quotient is assured as the rate data of the first step of the x0th-order envelope function.
  • the counter is initialized for the second step of the x0th-order envelope function.
  • the operation of global envelope generator 14D is started again.
  • the count of the internal counter is incremented by one every time the accumulation cycle is completed.
  • the level coincidence circuit detects that the global envelope function value as the accumulation result has reached the predetermined level.
  • envelope modification device 14A calculates the level and rate data of the second step of the x0th-order envelope function. Thereafter, the rate and level data of the next step are read out from global envelope memory 3 and the above operations are repeated.
  • envelope control information i.e., set of rate and level data
  • the control information is temporarily stored in envelope memory 14B for the respective orders.
  • Envelope generator 14C has the same arrangement as that of envelope generator 12C of Fig. 11.
  • rate and level data are read out from the first step from envelope memory 14B for respective orders.
  • the envelope func­tions of the respective orders expressed by the rate and level data are sequentially changed into waveform data.
  • the envelopes of the respective orders expressed by the rate and level data can be derived from the global envelope expressed by the rate and level data in Fig. 13.
  • the above arrangement may be changed to obtain a high-pass filter type resonance effect or a band-pass filter type resonance effect in place of the low-pass filter type resonance effect.
  • the circuit can be properly designed with reference to Fig. 7, and Fig. 11, 12 or 13 to set the rate and level data which represent the x0th-order envelope function.
  • the resonance value R need not be a constant but be a variable which can be set by the user. If the resonance value can be changed in real time, a per­formance effect can be further improved.
  • An arrangement for performing real time reso­nance value changes can be obtained by adding to the arrangement of Fig. 11 or 13 a multiplier, arranged between envelope generator 14C and multiplier 9, for multiplying resonance depth coefficient R/R0 (where R0 is the reference resonance depth which is reflected in the data stored in the envelope memory 14B for the respective orders, and R is the resonance value designated by the user) with the output from envelope generator 14C, a selector (its selection output is input to multiplier 9) for selecting an output from the additional multiplier or a direct output from envelope generator 14C, and a comparator for controlling selec­tion of the selector.
  • An output from this comparator is supplied to the selec­tion control input of the selector.
  • envelope modification device 14A shown in Fig. 11 An operation of envelope modification device 14A shown in Fig. 11 will be described when a low-pass filter type resonance effect is to be realized.
  • the filter characteristic is obtained by using as a parameter difference u between the value of order x and global envelope function value W(t).
  • the present invention can be easily modified to perform modifications for performing a filter effect having several pass or stop bands.
  • F(x,LEVEL) 100[1 - ⁇ 1 - (LEVEL/100) ⁇ x] ...(1)
  • modified level F(x,LEVEL) is changed in accordance with the values of order x as follows:
  • level F(x.LEVEL) 100
  • the 0th-order envelope function is given as shown in Fig. 14(B).
  • the modified 0th-order envelope function is used to control the envelopes of the 0th-order sine wave, i.e., the sine wave having the fundamental frequency.
  • F(1,LEVEL) LEVEL is given. That is, each level of the given global envelope function is always equal to that of the first-order envelope function.
  • the first-order envelope function is the same as the global envelope function (Fig. 14(C)).
  • the waveform data of the first-order envelope function is used to control the envelope of the first-order sine wave signal, i.e., the envelope of the sine wave signal having a frequency of a second harmonic.
  • the level of each step of the global envelope function is doubled, and 100 is subtracted from the doubled value.
  • the resultant difference serves as the corresponding level of the second-order envelope function (Fig. 14(D)).
  • the second-­order envelope function is applied to a sine wave having a frequency of a second order, i.e., third harmonic.
  • Envelope functions of higher orders can be produced in the same manner as described above. If the modifi­cation function given in equation (1) is used, the envelope function is attenuated and its amplitude change is small when the order is increased.
  • Function 100[1 - ⁇ 1 - (LEVEL/100 ⁇ x] is an example.
  • An arbitrary function may be selected, such as a func­tion having an amplitude which is greatly changed when the order is increased.
  • envelope modification device 14D shown in Fig. 11.
  • the following algorithm can be used:
  • the rate modifi­cation in addition to the level modification can be performed as follows: LEVEL ⁇ F(x,LEVEL) Rate ⁇ G(x,LEVEL) G(x,RATE) is a rate value corresponding to the xth-order envelope function obtained by modifying value RATE of the global envelope function in accordance with the value of order x .
  • a plurality (n) of envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n are used.
  • hardware of a sine generator is not limited if it functionally provides a plurality of sine waves.
  • envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n can be realized by TDM (time-division multiplexing).
  • the envelope-controlled sine wave generator section is divided into two groups: envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n as the first group and envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m as the second group.
  • Envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n and 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m are connected to keyboard 1 as a performance input device and data input device 2 for inputting various data.
  • the user can specify independent harmonic data to the respective groups of envelope-controlled sine wave generators.
  • Sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n and 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m can generate different sine waves having independent frequencies on the basis of prestored harmonic data upon key depression at keyboard 1.
  • the feature of this embodiment lies in that the first and second groups constituted by the corresponding envelope-­controlled sine wave generators are coupled to the corresponding global envelope memories. More specifi­cally, envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n of the first group are coupled to first global envelope memory 3-1, and envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m of the second group are coupled to second global envelope memory 3-2.
  • First and second global envelope memories 3-1 and 3-2 respectively store first and second global envelope functions W1(t) and W2(t) which are independently set at data input device 2.
  • First global envelope function W1(t) is con­verted to n envelope functions of n orders determined by the assigned harmonic data (order) in envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n belonging to the first group.
  • Second global envelope function W2(t) is modified into m envelope functions determined by the assigned harmonic data in envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m belonging to the second group.
  • the modified envelope functions of the respective orders are used to control the envelopes of the sine wave sig­nals of the corresponding orders in envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n.
  • one envelope i.e. the global envelope function
  • a plurality of envelope functions i.e., envelope functions of sine wave signals belonging to this group can be obtained based on the given function.
  • the load imposed on the user who produces the envelopes can be greatly reduced.
  • independent global envelope functions are set in units of groups, musical tones with a variety of tone colors can be obtained as compared with the arrangement in which a common global envelope is given for all sine waves without dividing a set of sine waves into a plurality of groups.
  • envelope-controlled sine wave data from envelope-­controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n and 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m are added by adders 16-1 and 16-2, respectively.
  • the sum signals (musical tone signals) are converted into analog signals by D/A converter 17.
  • the analog signals are produced outside through ampli­fier 18 and loudspeaker 19.
  • adders 16-1 and 16-2 are represented as separate units, only one adder can be used to add output data from envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n and 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m.
  • each envelope­controlled sine wave generator is the same as that in Fig. 2, 11 or 13.
  • the independent first and second global envelope functions can be arbitrarily set by the user. In­dependency and flexibility between the global envelope functions are reflected in envelope functions (i.e., the envelope functions for the sine waves of the first group and the envelope functions for the sine waves of the second group) converted by envelope modification device 14 or 14A. Therefore, a variety of finally produced musical tone signals can be achieved.
  • envelope functions i.e., the envelope functions for the sine waves of the first group and the envelope functions for the sine waves of the second group
  • the global envelope functions can be input and set by the user in units of groups.
  • the envelope functions of the first group applied to the sine waves of the first group are independent of the envelope functions of the second group applied to the sine waves of the second group.
  • envelope functions of orders e.g., 0th, 1st, and 2nd orders
  • envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n of the first group and envelope-controlled sine wave generators 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m of the second group are fixedly illustrated. However the user can arbitrarily determine which generators belong to the first or second group. Some generators may be added or omitted easily within the scope of the present invention.
  • the envelope-controlled sine wave generators are divided into two groups but may be divided into three or more groups. In an extreme case, a given group may use one sine wave.
  • the frequency of the generated sine wave is a fundamental frequency or its harmonic due to the relationship with harmonic data.
  • the arrangement is not limited to this.
  • a sine wave having a frequency obtained by detuning the sine wave frequency of the first group may be used as the sine wave of the second group.
  • a technique for generating a sine wave having a detuned frequency is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the repetitive accumulation value of the accumulator is offset by a predetermined number of sent.
  • the plurality of envelope-­controlled sine wave generators 15-1 to 15-n and 15 ⁇ -1 to 15 ⁇ -m are used.
  • hardware is not limited if a plurality of sine waves can be functionally generated.
  • a sine wave generator may be arranged in accordance with a time division multiplexing.
  • a common envelope function is provided for the component wave signals of a plurality of orders.
  • the common envelope function is modified by the enve­lope modifying means into envelope functions of the respective orders.
  • the envelopes of the component wave signals are controlled in accordance with modified envelope functions. Therefore, the user need not prepare all envelopes for the component wave signals. Much labor can be advantageously reduced to produce musical tones.
  • the global envelope setting means is arranged to give at least one global envelope function.
  • the plurality of component waves to be produced by the component wave generating means are divided into at least the first and second groups.
  • the envelope functions for controlling the component waves of the respective orders belonging to the first group are obtained by modifying the global envelope function by the first envelope modifying means
  • the envelope functions for controlling the component waves of the respective orders belonging to the second group are obtained by modifying another global envelope function by the second envelope modifying means. Therefore, the user need set only a limited number of envelopes, thus improving operability for producing musical tones.
  • the envelope functions for controlling the component waves of the first group can be indepen­dent of the envelope functions for controlling the component waves of the second group, musical tone with high-quality musical tones can be produced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP19880102806 1987-02-25 1988-02-25 Musiktonerzeugungsvorrichtung, um ein Musiktonsignal durch die Kombination von Komponentenwellen zu synthetisieren Expired - Lifetime EP0280293B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62040455A JP2621862B2 (ja) 1987-02-25 1987-02-25 楽音発生装置
JP1987025501U JP2521652Y2 (ja) 1987-02-25 1987-02-25 楽音発生装置
JP25501/87U 1987-02-25
JP40455/87 1987-02-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0280293A2 true EP0280293A2 (de) 1988-08-31
EP0280293A3 EP0280293A3 (en) 1990-06-06
EP0280293B1 EP0280293B1 (de) 1996-08-14

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EP19880102806 Expired - Lifetime EP0280293B1 (de) 1987-02-25 1988-02-25 Musiktonerzeugungsvorrichtung, um ein Musiktonsignal durch die Kombination von Komponentenwellen zu synthetisieren

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EP (1) EP0280293B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3855465T2 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2344907A1 (fr) * 1976-03-16 1977-10-14 Deforeit Christian Instrument de musique electronique polyphonique
US4215617A (en) * 1976-11-22 1980-08-05 The Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Junior University Musical instrument and method for generating musical sound
JPS5858595A (ja) * 1981-10-01 1983-04-07 ヤマハ株式会社 電子楽器

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EP0280293A3 (en) 1990-06-06
EP0280293B1 (de) 1996-08-14
DE3855465T2 (de) 1997-03-27
DE3855465D1 (de) 1996-09-19

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