EP0277158B1 - Flame burner for processing of powder-like or wire-like spray material - Google Patents

Flame burner for processing of powder-like or wire-like spray material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0277158B1
EP0277158B1 EP87904833A EP87904833A EP0277158B1 EP 0277158 B1 EP0277158 B1 EP 0277158B1 EP 87904833 A EP87904833 A EP 87904833A EP 87904833 A EP87904833 A EP 87904833A EP 0277158 B1 EP0277158 B1 EP 0277158B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
duct
injector
mixing chamber
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87904833A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0277158A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Simm
Peter Sommer
Philippe Delaplace
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ECG Immobilier SA
Original Assignee
Castolin SA
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Priority to AT87904833T priority Critical patent/ATE68999T1/en
Publication of EP0277158A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277158A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates in particular to a flame spray burner for processing powder or wire-shaped spray materials with a burner body and a burner head, the burner body having feed devices for the spray material and for a fuel gas and an oxidation gas, and the burner head having one with a plurality of gas nozzle channels and at least one channel for the spray material provided nozzle part and a nozzle carrier part, which are connected to each other and - if necessary via an interchangeable connecting part - with the burner body, the nozzle carrier part at least one spray material in connection with the corresponding channel for the spray material in the nozzle part and with the corresponding feed device in the burner body Has delivery channel, wherein the nozzle carrier part (2) has at least two injectors, each of which opens into a corresponding injector mixing chamber (10) oxidation have gas inlet bore (11), the nozzle carrier part (2) furthermore having a fuel gas inlet bore (8) which opens laterally into the injector mixing chamber (10) for each injector mixing chamber (10) and which has a fuel gas duct (7) in Connection is established,
  • Flame-tip burners of this type for powdery spray materials are known, for example, from the document DE-C-825197.
  • the arrangement described there has oxidizing gas inlet bores which run through the nozzle support part.
  • the precision of the oxidation gas injection is severely limited, as is that dependent exit velocity of the gas and thus the performance of the burner. This applies in particular to maintaining a precise exit speed over a long period of time.
  • injectors have a relatively short service life and are fundamentally not interchangeable, but only with the entire nozzle carrier part, which is a disadvantage in the case of repairs and in the event of a desired change in the flame profile.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and, in particular, to provide a flame spray burner which enables a substantially greater precision of the setting and long-term maintenance of a precise supply of oxidizing gas and thus the corresponding burner output. Furthermore, the life of the injectors should be increased.
  • the oxidizing gas inlet bores each run in injector nozzles which have an insert made of oxide ceramic material in amorphous or crystalline form, in which the oxidizing gas inlet bore runs at least in the vicinity of the mouth or by the fact that the oxidizing gas Inlet bores each run in injector nozzles, which are essentially made of oxide-ceramic material in amorphous or crystalline form or from a hard material or hard metal.
  • the oxide ceramic material is preferably in the form of a single crystal.
  • the ratio of the outlet velocities of the oxidation gas and the fuel gas from the corresponding inlet bores opening into an injector mixing chamber is between 2 and 15, preferably between 2.5 and 13.
  • the outlet velocity of the oxidation gas can be between 500 and 650 m / sec and the corresponding exit velocity of the fuel gas between 50 and 200 m / sec.
  • the oxidation gas pressure is preferably between 2 and 5 bar and the corresponding fuel gas pressure between 0.5 and 2.5 bar.
  • the burner according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is an autogenous powder flame spray burner with a burner body 1 and a burner head, which in turn comprises a nozzle carrier part 2 and a nozzle part 3.
  • the nozzle holder part 2 which is cylindrical in its basic form, is connected to a likewise cylindrical part of the burner body 1 or to a corresponding separable connecting part by a union nut 4, while a union nut 5 connects the coaxial parts 2 and 3 to one another in a similar manner.
  • the burner body 1 is supplied with a mixture of a flame spray powder with a carrier gas, e.g. Oxygen or air, as well as acetylene as fuel gas and oxygen as oxidation gas.
  • a carrier gas e.g. Oxygen or air
  • acetylene as fuel gas and oxygen as oxidation gas.
  • the burner body may have connection, control and shut-off devices for these gases and the wettable powder.
  • a supply channel 15 indicated by dashed lines in the burner body serves for supplying the powder / carrier gas mixture to the burner head and continues in a corresponding channel 16 of the nozzle carrier part and a channel 17 of the nozzle part. Furthermore, the burner body or the connection part 1 has three separate feed channels, such as 13, for acetylene and three separate feed channels, such as 14, for oxygen, which are also indicated by dashed lines and run parallel to the channel 15.
  • the nozzle carrier part 2 has three fuel gas channels, such as 7, which connect to the corresponding channels 13 of the burner body 1. These channels are preferably arranged at equal angular distances from one another, but other arrangements are also possible, as is one of three different numbers of the respective channels, for example two or four.
  • the fuel gas channels 7 in the nozzle carrier part are designed as blind bores and each continue in a fuel gas inlet bore 8 which crosses the corresponding blind bore and opens into an injector mixing chamber 10.
  • this bore 8 extends from the circumference of the part 2, for example made of brass, and is closed to the outside with the aid of a steel ball pressed into the outer section of the bore. This version represents a very favorable one from the point of view of the cost-effectiveness of production as well as operational safety Solution.
  • the injector mixing chamber 10 is also connected to the oxygen supply channel 14, specifically via an oxidation gas channel 12 and an oxidation gas inlet bore 11, which run in an injector nozzle 60.
  • the injector nozzle 60 and the injector nozzles 61, 62 corresponding to the two other separate oxidation gas channels are screwed into the nozzle carrier part and are accessible and replaceable from the connection side of the burner body.
  • the injector nozzles protrude with a frustoconical part into the corresponding injector mixing chamber, such as 10, which has a cylindrical cut and a substantially conical taper and merges into an injector outlet channel 20.
  • the axes of the oxygen inlet bore and the acetylene inlet bore cross each other near the end face of the injector nozzle in the cylindrical cut of the chamber and form an angle of approximately 90 °. According to another embodiment, this angle is between 30 ° and 90 °, the lowest value corresponding to the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the frusto-conical injector nozzle part.
  • the inlet bore for oxygen in the injector nozzle is designed as a calibrated bore.
  • the flow rate of this gas can thus be adjusted with the aid of the gas pressure in the feed device, and other means, such as 'flow meter', for determining this flow rate are eliminated.
  • the exit velocity of the gases from the inlet bores to the injector mixing chamber is thus also determined by the set gas pressure and is, for example, 500 to 650 m / sec for oxygen and Acetylene 50 to 200 m / sec.
  • the ratio of the two exit speeds is preferably between 2 and 15, in particular between 2.5 and 13.
  • the oxygen pressure is 3.0 bar and the exit speed from the injector nozzle with a calibrated bore of 0.45 mm diameter is 550 m / sec.
  • An acetylene inlet bore of 1 mm in diameter at an angle of 90 ° causes a fuel gas outlet speed of 130 m / sec at a pressure of 0.7 bar.
  • the delivery rate of the burner per injector is 330 1 / min.
  • Replacing the injector nozzles allows the burner output to be changed. For example, an increase in the diameter of the oxygen inlet bore to 1 mm at a constant pressure of 3.0 bar, and thus an exit speed of 600 m / sec, increases the output per injector to 700 1 / min.
  • the diameter range of the calibrated inlet bores which have a minimum length of 0.2 mm, is between 0.1 and 1.5 mm.
  • the angle between the axes of the inlet bores is 30 ° instead of 90 °, for example, the same flow rate of the fuel gas is achieved at a pressure of 0.6 bar instead of 0.7 bar.
  • the mixing of the gases proves to be optimal if the angle mentioned is at least approximately 90 °.
  • the injector nozzle is designed in two parts in such a way that, at least in its mouth-side trim, it has an outer jacket part made of metal and an inner part made of oxide-ceramic material or hard material or hard metal, in which the calibrated oxidation gas inlet channel passed.
  • the inner part preferably consists of ruby, quartz glass or other oxide-ceramic materials in monocrystalline or polycrystalline form.
  • a number of gas nozzle channels 18 are arranged in the nozzle part 3, which have an acceleration part 19 at their mouth-side end and emanate from a corresponding distribution chamber 21 at their input-side end.
  • a distribution chamber connects, for example, a group of gas nozzle channels to a single injector outlet channel. Often, however, all gas nozzle channels are connected to all injector outlet channels via an annular distribution chamber 21.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 The embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is constructed similarly to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 and practically identical parts are identified by the same reference numbers.
  • the nozzle carrier part 22 of FIG. 3 forms two annular distribution channels 70 and 120 for the fuel gas and for the oxidation gas, respectively, via which these gases are fed to the individual separate injector mixing chambers, such as 10.
  • the fuel gas inlet bores, such as 80, extend here from the respective mixing chamber to the fuel gas distribution channel 70, which is formed between an annular cutout on the circumference of the nozzle carrier part 22 and the inner wall of a fastening sleeve 40.
  • the nozzle carrier part 22 is screwed into the fastening sleeve 40 and is sealingly connected to it by means of an O-ring 41.
  • each of the injector nozzles such as 63, is inserted into a corresponding bore in the nozzle carrier part, which starts from the annular oxidation gas distribution channel 120. This is milled into the flat connecting surface of the nozzle carrier part.
  • a sealing washer 23 for example made of plastic, is arranged, which is centered by the sleeve 40 from its periphery and has a number of openings or recesses for the passage of the gases and the spray material.
  • the burner body or connection part 100 has in particular a central feed channel 15 for the spray material, which is connected to the corresponding channel 16 of the nozzle carrier part via an opening 231 in the sealing disk, and a feed channel 140 for oxygen as the oxidizing gas, this feed channel leading into the distribution channel 120 essentially opposite annular channel 141 opens.
  • the sealing washer 23 has individual openings at the level of these two channels, but closed annular parts of the sealing washer ensure a seal in the radial direction both on the inner and on the outer circumference of these channels.
  • Another channel 130 in the burner body or connecting part 100 is used to supply the fuel gas to an annular groove 131 on the circumference of the part 100, which is open on the one hand towards the sealing washer 23 and on the other hand sealed against the sleeve 40 with the help of an O-ring 42.
  • the sealing disk 23 has individual cutouts 233 on its circumference in order to allow the gas flow between 131 and 70.
  • connection described is characterized by its structural simplicity and great operational reliability, even in the case of replacement of individual parts such as the nozzle part, the nozzle carrier part and the connecting part at the place of use.
  • the total volume of fuel gas oxidation gas delivered is distributed over a plurality of injector mixing devices which are separate from one another. This division is in case of a possible flashback
  • One of the gas paths is of great advantage, since the effect of such a flashback or reignition is limited to the corresponding partial volume, which considerably reduces the risk not only in terms of its frequency, but also in terms of its scope.
  • the described arrangement of the injector nozzles in the nozzle carrier part allows, in particular, simple replacement thereof, either individually or together with the nozzle carrier part as a whole. This allows the burner's output to be adapted relatively easily to any specific application and, if necessary, also to change the flame profile over the circumference of the nozzle part.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Abstract

The flame burner comprises a burner body (1) as well as a nozzle support portion (2) for a nozzle (3). The nozzle support portion comprises two and preferably three injectors (60) and separate mixing chambers (10) for preparing a combustion and oxidation gas mixture.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere einen Flammspritzbrenner zur Verarbeitung pulver- oder drahtförmiger Spritzwerkstoffe mit einem Brennerkörper und einem Brennerkopf, wobei der Brennerkörper Zuführvorrichtungen für den Spritzwerkstoff sowie für ein Brenngas und ein Oxydationsgas aufweist und wobei der Brennerkopf einen mit mehreren Gasdüsenkanälen und mindestens einem Kanal für den Spritzwerkstoff versehenen Düsenteil sowie einen Düsenträgerteil aufweist, die miteinander und - gegebenenfalls über ein auswechselbares Anschlussteil - mit dem Brennerkörper auswechselbar verbunden sind, wobei der Düsenträgerteil mindestens einen mit dem entsprechenden Kanal für den Spritzwerkstoff im Düsenteil und mit der entsprechenden Zuführvorrichtung im Brennerkörper in Verbindung stehenden Spritzwerkstoff-Förderkanal aufweist, wobei der Düsenträgerteil (2) mindestens zwei Injektoren aufweist, die jeweils eine in eine entsprechende Injektor-Mischkammer (10) mündende Oxydationsgas-Eingangsbohrung (11) aufweisen, wobei der Düsenträgerteil (2) ferner zu jeder Injektor-Mischkammer (10) eine seitlich in die Injektor- Mischkammer (10) einmündende Brenngas-Eingangsbohrung (8) aufweist, die mit einem Brenngaskanal (7) in Verbindung steht, und wobei der Düsenträgerteil (2) mindestens zwei Injektorausgangskanäle (20) aufweist, die jeweils von einer entsprechenden Injektor-Mischkammer (10) ausgehen und die an der Verbindungsstelle mit dem Düsenteil jeweils in mindestens einen Gasdüsenkanal (18) münden,The invention relates in particular to a flame spray burner for processing powder or wire-shaped spray materials with a burner body and a burner head, the burner body having feed devices for the spray material and for a fuel gas and an oxidation gas, and the burner head having one with a plurality of gas nozzle channels and at least one channel for the spray material provided nozzle part and a nozzle carrier part, which are connected to each other and - if necessary via an interchangeable connecting part - with the burner body, the nozzle carrier part at least one spray material in connection with the corresponding channel for the spray material in the nozzle part and with the corresponding feed device in the burner body Has delivery channel, wherein the nozzle carrier part (2) has at least two injectors, each of which opens into a corresponding injector mixing chamber (10) oxidation have gas inlet bore (11), the nozzle carrier part (2) furthermore having a fuel gas inlet bore (8) which opens laterally into the injector mixing chamber (10) for each injector mixing chamber (10) and which has a fuel gas duct (7) in Connection is established, and the nozzle carrier part (2) has at least two injector outlet channels (20), each of which emanates from a corresponding injector mixing chamber (10) and which each open into at least one gas nozzle channel (18) at the point of connection with the nozzle part,

Flammspitzbrenner dieser Art für pulverförmige Spritzwerkstoffe sind beispielsweise aus der Druckschrift DE-C-825197 bekannt. Die dort beschriebene Anordnung weist Oxydationsgas-Eingangsbohrungen auf, die duriht im Düsenträgenteil verlaufen. Dadurch ist die Präzision der Oxydationsgas-Injektion stark beschränkt und ebenso die davon abhängige Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Gases und damit die Leistung des Brenners. Dies gilt insbesondere für das Einhalten einer präziere Austritts- geschwindigkeit über lange Zeit. Ferner haben solche Injektoren nur eine relativ kurze Lebensdauer und sind grundsätzlich nicht einzeln, sondern nur mit dem gesamten Düsenträgerteil auswechselbar, was einen Nachteil bei einer Reparatur sowie bei einer gewünschten Veränderung des Flammenprofils darstellt.Flame-tip burners of this type for powdery spray materials are known, for example, from the document DE-C-825197. The arrangement described there has oxidizing gas inlet bores which run through the nozzle support part. As a result, the precision of the oxidation gas injection is severely limited, as is that dependent exit velocity of the gas and thus the performance of the burner. This applies in particular to maintaining a precise exit speed over a long period of time. Furthermore, such injectors have a relatively short service life and are fundamentally not interchangeable, but only with the entire nozzle carrier part, which is a disadvantage in the case of repairs and in the event of a desired change in the flame profile.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die genannten Nachteile zu beseitigen und insbesondere einen Flammspritzbrenner zu schaffen, der eine wesentlich grössere Präzision der Einstellung und das über lange Zeit Einhalten einer präzisen Oxydationsgas-Zufuhr und somit der entsprechenden Brennerleistung ermöglicht. Ferner soll die Lebensdauer der Injektoren an sich erhöht werden. Dies wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch erreicht, dass die Oxydationsgas-Eingangsbohrungen jeweils in Injektordüsen verlaufen, die ein Einsatzteil aus oxydkeramischem Material in amorpher oder kristalliner Form aufweisen, in dem die Oxydationsgas-Eingangsbohrung zumindest in der Umgebung der Mündungsstelle verläuft bzw. dadurch, dass die Oxydationsgas-Eingangsbohrungen jeweils in Injektordüsen verlaufen, die im wesentlichen aus oxydkeramischem Material in amorpher oder kristalliner Form oder aus einem Hartstoff bzw. Hartmetall hergestellt sind. Vorzugsweise liegt das oxydkeramische Material in Form eines Einkristalls vor.The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and, in particular, to provide a flame spray burner which enables a substantially greater precision of the setting and long-term maintenance of a precise supply of oxidizing gas and thus the corresponding burner output. Furthermore, the life of the injectors should be increased. This is achieved according to the invention in that the oxidizing gas inlet bores each run in injector nozzles which have an insert made of oxide ceramic material in amorphous or crystalline form, in which the oxidizing gas inlet bore runs at least in the vicinity of the mouth or by the fact that the oxidizing gas Inlet bores each run in injector nozzles, which are essentially made of oxide-ceramic material in amorphous or crystalline form or from a hard material or hard metal. The oxide ceramic material is preferably in the form of a single crystal.

Bei der erfindungsgemässen Verwendung eines solchen Flammspritzbrenners liegt das Verhältnis der Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten des Oxydationsgases und des Brenngases aus den entsprechenden, in eine Injektor-Mischkammer mündenden Eingangsbohrungen zwischen 2 und 15, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,5 und 13. Dabei kann die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Oxydationsgases zwischen 500 und 650 m/sec liegen und die entsprechende Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Brenngases zwischen 50 und 200 m/sec. Der Oxydationsgasdruck liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 5 bar und der entsprechende Brenngasdruck zwischen 0,5 und 2,5 bar.When using such a flame spray burner according to the invention, the ratio of the outlet velocities of the oxidation gas and the fuel gas from the corresponding inlet bores opening into an injector mixing chamber is between 2 and 15, preferably between 2.5 and 13. The outlet velocity of the oxidation gas can be between 500 and 650 m / sec and the corresponding exit velocity of the fuel gas between 50 and 200 m / sec. The oxidation gas pressure is preferably between 2 and 5 bar and the corresponding fuel gas pressure between 0.5 and 2.5 bar.

Weitere Aspekte und Vorteile der Erfindung gehen aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen hervor, welche in der beigefügten Zeichnung veranschaulicht sind.Further aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform des düsenseitigen Teils eines Flammspritzbrenners, bei dem der Brennerkopf im Axialschnitt dargestellt ist,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II von Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine zweite Ausführungsform des düsenseitigen Teils eines Flammspritzbrenners in ähnlicher Darstellung wie in Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 4 einen Teil-Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV von Fig. 3.
Show it:
  • 1 shows a first embodiment of the part of a flame spray burner on the nozzle side, in which the burner head is shown in axial section,
  • 2 shows a section along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the nozzle-side part of a flame spray burner in a similar representation as in Fig. 1 and
  • 4 is a partial section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3rd

Der Brenner gemäss den Figuren 1 und 2 ist ein autogener Pulver-Flammspritzbrenner mit einem Brennerkörper 1 und einem Brennerkopf, der seinerseits einen Düsenträgerteil 2 und einen Düsenteil 3 umfasst. Der in seiner Grundform zylindrische Düsenträgerteil 2 ist mit einem ebenfalls zylindrischen Teil des Brennerkörpers 1 bzw. mit einem entsprechenden trennbaren Anschlussteil durch eine Ueberwurfmutter 4 verbunden, während eine Ueberwurfmutter 5 in ähnlicher Weise die koaxialen Teile 2 und 3 miteinander verbindet.The burner according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is an autogenous powder flame spray burner with a burner body 1 and a burner head, which in turn comprises a nozzle carrier part 2 and a nozzle part 3. The nozzle holder part 2, which is cylindrical in its basic form, is connected to a likewise cylindrical part of the burner body 1 or to a corresponding separable connecting part by a union nut 4, while a union nut 5 connects the coaxial parts 2 and 3 to one another in a similar manner.

Dem Brennerkörper 1 wird mit Hilfe von nicht dargestellten Zuführvorrichtungen ein Gemisch eines Flammspritzpulvers mit einem zu dessen Förderung dienenden Trägergas, z.B. Sauerstoff oder Luft, zugeführt, sowie Azetylen als Brenngas und Sauerstoff als Oxydationsgas. Gegebenenfalls weist der Brennerkörper Anschluss-, Regel- und Absperrvorrichtungen für diese Gase und das Spritzpulver auf.The burner body 1 is supplied with a mixture of a flame spray powder with a carrier gas, e.g. Oxygen or air, as well as acetylene as fuel gas and oxygen as oxidation gas. The burner body may have connection, control and shut-off devices for these gases and the wettable powder.

Ein strichliert angedeuteter Zuführungskanal 15 im Brennerkörper dient zur Zuführung des Pulver-Trägergasgemisches an den Brennerkopf und setzt sich in einem entsprechenden Kanal 16 des Düsenträgerteils und einem Kanal 17 des Düsenteils fort. Ferner weist der Brennerkörper bzw. das Anschlussteil 1 je drei getrennte Zuführungskanäle, wie 13, für Azetylen und je drei getrennte Zuführungskanäle, wie 14, für Sauerstoff auf, die ebenfalls strichliert angedeutet sind und parallel zum Kanal 15 verlaufen.A supply channel 15 indicated by dashed lines in the burner body serves for supplying the powder / carrier gas mixture to the burner head and continues in a corresponding channel 16 of the nozzle carrier part and a channel 17 of the nozzle part. Furthermore, the burner body or the connection part 1 has three separate feed channels, such as 13, for acetylene and three separate feed channels, such as 14, for oxygen, which are also indicated by dashed lines and run parallel to the channel 15.

Der Düsenträgerteil 2 besitzt drei Brenngaskanäle, wie 7, die an die entsprechenden Kanäle 13 des Brennerkörpers 1 anschliessen. Vorzugsweise sind diese Kanäle in gleichen Winkelabständen voneinander angeordnet, doch kommen auch andere Anordnungen ebenso wie eine von drei verschiedene Anzahl der jeweiligen Kanäle, z.B. zwei oder vier, in Betracht. Die Brenngaskanäle 7 im Düsenträgerteil sind als Sackbohrungen ausgeführt und setzen sich jeweils in einer Brenngas-Eingangsbohrung 8 fort, welche die entsprechende Sackbohrung kreuzt und in eine Injektor-Mischkammer 10 mündet. Um den Düsenträgerteil in einem einzigen Teil und zugleich die Brenngas-Eingangsbohrung ausführen zu können, geht diese Bohrung 8 vom Umfang des beispielsweise aus Messing hergestellten Teils 2 aus und ist mit Hilfe einer in den äusseren Abschnitt der Bohrung eingepressten Stahlkugel nach aussen verschlossen. Diese Ausführung stellt eine vom Gesichtspunkt der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Herstellung wie auch der Betriebssicherheit sehr günstige Lösung dar.The nozzle carrier part 2 has three fuel gas channels, such as 7, which connect to the corresponding channels 13 of the burner body 1. These channels are preferably arranged at equal angular distances from one another, but other arrangements are also possible, as is one of three different numbers of the respective channels, for example two or four. The fuel gas channels 7 in the nozzle carrier part are designed as blind bores and each continue in a fuel gas inlet bore 8 which crosses the corresponding blind bore and opens into an injector mixing chamber 10. In order to be able to execute the nozzle carrier part in a single part and at the same time the fuel gas inlet bore, this bore 8 extends from the circumference of the part 2, for example made of brass, and is closed to the outside with the aid of a steel ball pressed into the outer section of the bore. This version represents a very favorable one from the point of view of the cost-effectiveness of production as well as operational safety Solution.

Die Injektor-Mischkammer 10 steht ferner mit dem Sauerstoff-Zuführungskanal 14 in Verbindung, und zwar über einen Oxydationsgaskanal 12 und eine Oxydationsgas-Eingangsbohrung 11, die in einer Injektordüse 60 verlaufen. Die Injektordüse 60 sowie die den beiden anderen getrennten Oxydationsgaskanälen entsprechenden Injektordüsen 61, 62 sind in den Düsenträgerteil eingeschraubt und von der Anschlussseite des Brennerkörpers her zugänglich und auswechselbar.The injector mixing chamber 10 is also connected to the oxygen supply channel 14, specifically via an oxidation gas channel 12 and an oxidation gas inlet bore 11, which run in an injector nozzle 60. The injector nozzle 60 and the injector nozzles 61, 62 corresponding to the two other separate oxidation gas channels are screwed into the nozzle carrier part and are accessible and replaceable from the connection side of the burner body.

Die Injektordüsen ragen mit einem kegelstumpfförmigen Teil in die entsprechende Injektor-Mischkammer, wie 10, hinein, die einen zylindrischen beschnitt und eine im wesentlichen kegelförmige Verjüngung aufweist und in einen Injektor-Ausgangskanal 20 übergeht.The injector nozzles protrude with a frustoconical part into the corresponding injector mixing chamber, such as 10, which has a cylindrical cut and a substantially conical taper and merges into an injector outlet channel 20.

Die Achsen der Sauerstoff-Eingangsbohrung und der Azetylen-Eingangsbohrung kreuzen einander in der Nähe der Stirnfläche der Injektordüse im zylindrischen beschnitt der Kammer und bilden einen Winkel von annähernd 90°. Gemäss einer anderen Ausführungsform liegt dieser Winkel zwischen 30° und 90°, wobei der niedrigste Wert dem Neigungswïnkel der Erzeugenden des kegelstumpförmigen Injektor-Düsenteils entspricht.The axes of the oxygen inlet bore and the acetylene inlet bore cross each other near the end face of the injector nozzle in the cylindrical cut of the chamber and form an angle of approximately 90 °. According to another embodiment, this angle is between 30 ° and 90 °, the lowest value corresponding to the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the frusto-conical injector nozzle part.

Bei der vorliegenden Anordnung ist die Eingangsbohrung für Sauerstoff in der Injektordüse als kalibrierte Bohrung ausgeführt. Damit wird die Durchflussmenge dieses Gases mit Hilfe des Gasdruckes in der Zuführungsvorrichtung einstellbar, und es entfallen andere Mittel, wie 'flow meter', zur Bestimmung dieser Durchflussmenge.In the present arrangement, the inlet bore for oxygen in the injector nozzle is designed as a calibrated bore. The flow rate of this gas can thus be adjusted with the aid of the gas pressure in the feed device, and other means, such as 'flow meter', for determining this flow rate are eliminated.

Die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit der Gase aus den Eingangsbohrungen zur Injektor-Mischkammer ist damit ebenfalls vom eingestellten Gasdruck bestimmt und beträgt beispielsweise für Sauerstoff 500 bis 650 m/sec und für Azetylen 50 bis 200 m/sec. Das Verhältnis der beiden Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 15, insbesondere zwischen 2,5 und 13.The exit velocity of the gases from the inlet bores to the injector mixing chamber is thus also determined by the set gas pressure and is, for example, 500 to 650 m / sec for oxygen and Acetylene 50 to 200 m / sec. The ratio of the two exit speeds is preferably between 2 and 15, in particular between 2.5 and 13.

Bei einem praktischen Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Sauerstoffdruck 3,0 bar und die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit aus der Injektordüse mit einer kalibrierten Bohrung von 0,45 mm Durchmesser beträgt 550 m/sec. Eine im winkel von 90° dazu liegende Azetylen-Eingangsbohrung von 1 mm Durchmesser bewirkt bei einem Druck von 0,7 bar eine Brenngas-Austrittsgeschwindigkeit von 130 m/sec. Die Förderleistung des Brenners pro Injektor beträgt damit 330 1/min.In a practical embodiment, the oxygen pressure is 3.0 bar and the exit speed from the injector nozzle with a calibrated bore of 0.45 mm diameter is 550 m / sec. An acetylene inlet bore of 1 mm in diameter at an angle of 90 ° causes a fuel gas outlet speed of 130 m / sec at a pressure of 0.7 bar. The delivery rate of the burner per injector is 330 1 / min.

Eine Auswechslung der Injektordüsen erlaubt eine Aenderung der Leistung des Brenners. Beispielsweise bewirkt eine Erhöhung des Durchmessers der Sauerstoff-Eingangsbohrung auf 1 mm bei gleichbleibendem Druck von 3,0 bar, und damit einer Austrittsgeschwindigkeit von 600 m/sec, eine Erhöhung der Leistung pro Injektor auf 700 1/min.Replacing the injector nozzles allows the burner output to be changed. For example, an increase in the diameter of the oxygen inlet bore to 1 mm at a constant pressure of 3.0 bar, and thus an exit speed of 600 m / sec, increases the output per injector to 700 1 / min.

Der Durchmesserbereich der kalibrierten Eingangsbohrungen, die eine minimale Länge von 0,2 mm haben, liegt zwischen 0,1 und 1,5 mm.The diameter range of the calibrated inlet bores, which have a minimum length of 0.2 mm, is between 0.1 and 1.5 mm.

Beträgt der Winkel zwichen den Achsen der Eingangsbohrungen beispielsweise 30° anstelle von 90°, so wird die gleiche Durchflussmenge des Brenngases bei einem Druck von 0,6 bar anstelle von 0,7 bar erreicht. Die Durchmischung der Gase erweist sich als optimal, wenn der genannte Winkel zumindest nährungsweise 90° beträgt.If the angle between the axes of the inlet bores is 30 ° instead of 90 °, for example, the same flow rate of the fuel gas is achieved at a pressure of 0.6 bar instead of 0.7 bar. The mixing of the gases proves to be optimal if the angle mentioned is at least approximately 90 °.

Die Injektordüse wird gemäss einem Ausführungsbeispiel zweiteilig ausgeführt derart, dass sie zumindest in ihrem mündungsseitigen beschnitt einen äusseren Mantelteil aus Metall und einen darin eingesetzten Innenteil aus oxydkeramischem Material oder aus Hartstoff bzw. Hartmetall aufweist, in dem der kalibrierte Oxydationsgas-Eingangskanal verlauft. Vorzugsweise besteht der Innenteil aus Rubin, Quarzglas oder anderen oxydkeramischen Materialien in mono- oder polykristalliner Form.According to one exemplary embodiment, the injector nozzle is designed in two parts in such a way that, at least in its mouth-side trim, it has an outer jacket part made of metal and an inner part made of oxide-ceramic material or hard material or hard metal, in which the calibrated oxidation gas inlet channel passed. The inner part preferably consists of ruby, quartz glass or other oxide-ceramic materials in monocrystalline or polycrystalline form.

Im Düsenteil 3 ist eine Anzahl von Gasdüsenkanälen 18 angeordnet, die an ihrem mündungsseitigen Ende einen Beschleunigungsteil 19 aufweisen und an ihrem eingangsseitigen Ende von einer entsprechenden Verteilkammer 21 ausgehen. Eine solche Verteilkammer verbindet beispielsweise eine Gruppe von Gasdüsenkanälen mit einem einzigen Injektor-Ausgangskanal. Häufig stehen jedoch alle Gasdüsenkanäle mit allen Injektor-Ausgangskanälen über eine ringförmig ausgebildete Verteilkammer 21 in Verbindung.A number of gas nozzle channels 18 are arranged in the nozzle part 3, which have an acceleration part 19 at their mouth-side end and emanate from a corresponding distribution chamber 21 at their input-side end. Such a distribution chamber connects, for example, a group of gas nozzle channels to a single injector outlet channel. Often, however, all gas nozzle channels are connected to all injector outlet channels via an annular distribution chamber 21.

Die Ausführungsform gemäss den Figuren 3 und 4 ist ähnlich derjenigen der Figuren 1 und 2 aufgebaut und praktisch identische Teile sind mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern bezeichnet. Der Düsenträgerteil 22 von Fig. 3 bildet jedoch im Gegensatz zum Teil 2 von Fig. 1 zwei ringförmige Verteilkanäle 70 bzw. 120 für das Brenngas bzw. für das Oxydationsgas über welche diese Gase den einzelnen getrennten Injektor-Misschkammern, wie 10, zugeführt werden. Die Brenngas-Eingangsbohrungen, wie 80, erstrecken sich hier von der jeweiligen Mischkammer bis zum Brenngas-Verteilkanal 70 der zwischen einer ringförmigen Ausfräsung am Umfang des Düsenträgerteils 22 und der Innenwand einer Befestigungshülse 40 gebildet wird. Der Düsenträgerteil 22 ist in die Befestigungshülse 40 eingeschraubt und mit Hilfe eines O-Rings 41 dichtend mit dieser verbunden.The embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is constructed similarly to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 and practically identical parts are identified by the same reference numbers. In contrast to part 2 of FIG. 1, the nozzle carrier part 22 of FIG. 3 forms two annular distribution channels 70 and 120 for the fuel gas and for the oxidation gas, respectively, via which these gases are fed to the individual separate injector mixing chambers, such as 10. The fuel gas inlet bores, such as 80, extend here from the respective mixing chamber to the fuel gas distribution channel 70, which is formed between an annular cutout on the circumference of the nozzle carrier part 22 and the inner wall of a fastening sleeve 40. The nozzle carrier part 22 is screwed into the fastening sleeve 40 and is sealingly connected to it by means of an O-ring 41.

Jede der Injektordüsen, wie 63, ist bei dieser Ausführungsform in eine entsprechende Bohrung des Düsenträgerteils eingesetzt, die von dem ringförmigen Oxydationsgas-Verteilkanal 120 ausgeht. Dieser ist in die hier ebene Verbindungsfläche des Düsenträgerteils eingefräst. Zwischen dem Düsenträgerteil und dem Brennerkörper, bzw. dem Anschlussteil, hier 100, ist eine Dichtungsscheibe 23, z.B. aus Kunststoff, angeordnet, die durch die Hülse 40 von ihrem Umfang her zentriert wird und eine Anzahl Durchbrechungen bzw. Aussparungen zum Durchtritt der Gase und des Spritzwerkstoffes aufweist.In this embodiment, each of the injector nozzles, such as 63, is inserted into a corresponding bore in the nozzle carrier part, which starts from the annular oxidation gas distribution channel 120. This is milled into the flat connecting surface of the nozzle carrier part. Between the nozzle support part and the Burner body, or the connecting part, here 100, a sealing washer 23, for example made of plastic, is arranged, which is centered by the sleeve 40 from its periphery and has a number of openings or recesses for the passage of the gases and the spray material.

Der Brennerkörper bzw. Anschlussteil 100 besitzt insbesondere einen zentralen Zuführkanal 15 für den Spritzwerkstoff, der mit dem entsprechenden Kanal 16 des Düsenträgerteils über eine Durchbrechung 231 der Dichtungsscheibe in Verbindung steht, sowie einen Zuführkanal 140 für Sauerstoff als Oxydationsgas, wobei dieser Zuführkanal in einen dem Verteilkanal 120 im wesentlichen gegenüberliegenden Ringkanal 141 mündet. Die Dichtungsscheibe 23 weist auf der Höhe dieser beiden Kanäle einzelne Durchbrechungen auf, wobei jedoch geschlossene ringförmige Teile der Dichtungsscheibe sowohl am inneren wie am äusseren Umfang dieser Kanale eine Abdichtung in radialer Richtung gewährleisten. Ein weiterer Kanal 130 im Brennerkörper bzw. Anschlussteil 100 dient zur Zuführung des Brenngases zu einer ringförmigen nut 131 am Umfang des Teils 100, die einerseits zur Dichtungsscheibe 23 hin offen, andererseits gegen die Hülse 40 mit Hilfe eines O-Rings 42 dichtend abgeschlossen ist. Die Dichtungsscheibe 23 weist an ihrem Umfang einzelne Aussparungen 233 auf, um den Gasfluss zwischen 131 und 70 zu erlauben.The burner body or connection part 100 has in particular a central feed channel 15 for the spray material, which is connected to the corresponding channel 16 of the nozzle carrier part via an opening 231 in the sealing disk, and a feed channel 140 for oxygen as the oxidizing gas, this feed channel leading into the distribution channel 120 essentially opposite annular channel 141 opens. The sealing washer 23 has individual openings at the level of these two channels, but closed annular parts of the sealing washer ensure a seal in the radial direction both on the inner and on the outer circumference of these channels. Another channel 130 in the burner body or connecting part 100 is used to supply the fuel gas to an annular groove 131 on the circumference of the part 100, which is open on the one hand towards the sealing washer 23 and on the other hand sealed against the sleeve 40 with the help of an O-ring 42. The sealing disk 23 has individual cutouts 233 on its circumference in order to allow the gas flow between 131 and 70.

Die beschriebene Art der Verbindung zeichnet sich durch konstruktive Einfachheit und grosse Betriebssicherheit aus, auch im Fall des Auswechselns einzelner Teile wie des Düsenteïls, des Düsenträgerteils sowie des Anschlussteils am Einsatzort.The type of connection described is characterized by its structural simplicity and great operational reliability, even in the case of replacement of individual parts such as the nozzle part, the nozzle carrier part and the connecting part at the place of use.

Bei beiden beschriebenen Ausführungsformen des vorliegenden Flammspritzbrenners wird das gesamte geförderte Brenngas-Oxydationgas-Volumen auf mehrere voneinander getrennte Injektor-Mischvorrichtungen verteilt. Diese Aufteilung ist bei einem allfalligen Flammenrückschlag in einem der Gaswege von grossem Vorteil, da sich die Auswirkung eines solchen Rückschlags bzw. einer Rückzündung auf das entsprechende Teilvolumen beschränkt, wodurch das Risiko nicht nur in seiner Häufigkeit, sondern auch in seinem Umfang erheblich verringert ist.In both of the described embodiments of the present flame spray burner, the total volume of fuel gas oxidation gas delivered is distributed over a plurality of injector mixing devices which are separate from one another. This division is in case of a possible flashback One of the gas paths is of great advantage, since the effect of such a flashback or reignition is limited to the corresponding partial volume, which considerably reduces the risk not only in terms of its frequency, but also in terms of its scope.

Die beschriebene Anordnung der Injektordüsen im Düsenträgerteil erlaubt insbesonders eine einfache Auswechslung derselben, entweder einzeln oder mitsamt dem Düsenträgerteil als Ganzes. Damit lässt sich die Leistung des Brenners verhältnismässig leicht an jeden spezifischen Einsatzfall anpassen und gegebenenfalls auch das Flammenprofil über den Umfang des Düsenteils verändern.The described arrangement of the injector nozzles in the nozzle carrier part allows, in particular, simple replacement thereof, either individually or together with the nozzle carrier part as a whole. This allows the burner's output to be adapted relatively easily to any specific application and, if necessary, also to change the flame profile over the circumference of the nozzle part.

Von grosser praktischer Bedeutung für die Bedienung ist schliesslich die beim vorliegenden Brenner erreichte Einstellbarkeit der Gasdurchflussmenge aufgrund des entsprechenden Gasdruckes in der Zuführvortichtung ohne zusätzliche Mittel.Finally, of great practical importance for the operation is the adjustability of the gas flow rate achieved in the present burner due to the corresponding gas pressure in the feed device without additional means.

Claims (6)

1. Flame-spray torch for use with powdered or wire-shaped spraying materials, with a torch body (1) and a torch head (2,3), the torch body comprising supply devices for the spraying material (15) as well as for a combustion gas (13) and an oxidation gas (14) and the torch head comprising a nozzle part (3) having a plurality of gas nozzle ducts (18) and at least one duct (17) for the spraying material as well as a nozzle support part (2) which are exchangeably connected together and to the torch body in given cases through an exchangeable connecting part, the nozzle support part comprising at least one spraying material carrying duct (16) communicating with the corresponding duct (17) for the spraying material in the nozzle part and with the corresponding supply device (15) in the torch body, the nozzle support part (2) comprising at least two injectors having each a calibrated oxidation gas inlet duct (11) leading into a respective injector mixing chamber (10), the nozzle support part (2) further comprising for each injector mixing chamber (10) a combustion gas inlet duct (8) which leads laterally into the injector mixing chamber (10) and communicates with a combustion gas duct (7), and the nozzle support part (2) comprising at least two injector outlet ducts (20) originating each from a respective injector mixing chamber (10) and leading each, at the place of connection with the nozzle part, into at least one gas nozzle duct (18), characterized in that the oxidation gas inlet ducts (11) extend each in injector nozzles (60,61,62) which have an insert part of oxide-ceramic material in amorphous or crystalline form, in which the oxidation gas inlet duct extends at least in the vicinity of the mouth region.
2. Flame-spray torch for use with powdered or wire-shaped spraying materials, with a torch body (1) and a torch head (2,3), the torch body comprising supply devices for the spraying material (15) as well as for a combustion gas (13) and an oxidation gas (14) and the torch head comprising a nozzle part (3) having a plurality of gas nozzle ducts (18) and at least one duct (17) for the spraying material as well as a nozzle support part (2) which are exchangeably connected together and to the torch body in given cases through an exchangeable connecting part, the nozzle support part comprising at least one spraying material carrying duct (16) communicating with the corresponding duct (17) for the spraying material in the nozzle part and with the corresponding supply device (15) in the torch body, the nozzle support part (2) comprising at least two injectors having each a calibrated oxidation gas inlet duct (11) leading into a respective injector mixing chamber (10), the nozzle support part (2) further comprising for each injector mixing chamber (10) a combustion gas inlet duct (8) which leads laterally into the injector mixing chamber (10) and communicates with a combustion gas duct (7), and the nozzle support part (2) comprising at least two injector outlet ducts (20) originating each from a respective injector mixing chamber (10) and leading each, at the place of connection with the nozzle part, into at least one gas nozzle duct (18), characterized in that the oxidation gas inlet ducts (11) extend each in injector nozzles (60,61,62) which are substantially made of oxide-ceramic material in amorphous or crystalline form, or of a hard material or hard metal.
3. Flame-spray torch according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxide-ceramic material is in mono-crystalline form.
4. Use of a flame-spray torch according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio between the outflow velocities of the oxidation gas and of the combustion gas from the corresponding inlet ducts leading into an injector mixing chamber, is comprised between 2 and 15, preferably between 2.5 and 13.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that the said outflow velocity of the oxidation gas is comprised between 500 and 650 m/sec and the corresponding outflow velocity of the combustion gas between 50 and 200 m/sec.
6. Use according to one of the claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the oxidation gas pressure before the said inlet duct is comprised between 2 and 5 bar and the corresponding combustion gas pressure between 0.5 and 2.5 bar.
EP87904833A 1986-08-15 1987-08-14 Flame burner for processing of powder-like or wire-like spray material Expired - Lifetime EP0277158B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87904833T ATE68999T1 (en) 1986-08-15 1987-08-14 FLAME SPRAYING TORCH FOR PROCESSING POWDER OR WIREFORM SPRAYING MATERIALS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3292/86A CH671345A5 (en) 1986-08-15 1986-08-15
CH3292/86 1986-08-15

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EP0277158A1 EP0277158A1 (en) 1988-08-10
EP0277158B1 true EP0277158B1 (en) 1991-10-30

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EP (1) EP0277158B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE68999T1 (en)
CH (1) CH671345A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3774262D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988001203A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8908954U1 (en) * 1989-06-03 1990-09-27 Castolin S.A., Lausanne-St. Sulpice, Waadt/Vaud Autogenous flame spraying device for flame spraying of powdered materials or spray powder
DE4440701A1 (en) * 1994-11-15 1996-05-23 Ruediger Haaga Gmbh Containers with a container jacket and an end wall

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US2397165A (en) * 1943-10-25 1946-03-26 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Gun construction for gas blast spraying heat-fusible materials
FR1084684A (en) * 1953-06-10 1955-01-21 Metallisation Soc Nouv Metal torch or gun
US2920001A (en) * 1955-07-11 1960-01-05 Union Carbide Corp Jet flame spraying method and apparatus
US2862498A (en) 1957-06-14 1958-12-02 Don J Weekes Endotracheal tube
FR1470135A (en) * 1965-02-25 1967-02-17 Metallisation Ltd Improvements to metal spraying devices
US4050466A (en) 1975-10-08 1977-09-27 Koerbacher Kathleen C Endotracheal tube
US5174283A (en) 1989-11-08 1992-12-29 Parker Jeffrey D Blind orolaryngeal and oroesophageal guiding and aiming device
US5414075A (en) 1992-11-06 1995-05-09 Bsi Corporation Restrained multifunctional reagent for surface modification

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EP0277158A1 (en) 1988-08-10
WO1988001203A1 (en) 1988-02-25
CH671345A5 (en) 1989-08-31
ATE68999T1 (en) 1991-11-15
DE3774262D1 (en) 1991-12-05

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