EP0275303B1 - Halbleiter phasengesteuerte gruppenantenne mit kleinen nebenkeulen - Google Patents
Halbleiter phasengesteuerte gruppenantenne mit kleinen nebenkeulen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0275303B1 EP0275303B1 EP19870905342 EP87905342A EP0275303B1 EP 0275303 B1 EP0275303 B1 EP 0275303B1 EP 19870905342 EP19870905342 EP 19870905342 EP 87905342 A EP87905342 A EP 87905342A EP 0275303 B1 EP0275303 B1 EP 0275303B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power modules
- groups
- zone
- gain
- sidelobe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a solid state, phased array antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Radar antennas are well known to radiate microwave radiation in a broad pattern which, for directed antenna, includes a narrow mainlobe and wide sidelobes of radiation.
- the mainlobe is the central lobe of a directional antenna's radiation pattern, the sidelobes referring to the lesser lobes of progressively decreasing amplitude on both sides of the mainlobe and often extending rearwardly of the mainlobe.
- Radar antenna aperture configuration generally determines the extent and relative magnitude of the associated sidelobes; however, the gain of the strongest one of the sidelobes is typically only about 1/64 that of the mainlobe. In terms of decibels, the strongest sidelobe gain is typically down about 18dB from the associated mainlobe gain. Gains of the other sidelobes are usually considerably smaller than that of the strongest sidelobe. Although sidelobe gain is typically much smaller than mainlobe gain, because of the large solid angle into which sidelobes radiate, as compared to the small solid angle into which the mainlobe radiates, typically about 25 percent of the total power radiated by a uniformly illuminated radar antenna are in the sidelobes.
- sidelobe radiation provides no useful function and in addition to representing wasted radiating power has other serious disadvantages.
- radar clutter from sidelobe returns increases the difficultly of discriminating targets from background.
- Another very significant disadvantage of sidelobe radiation is that such radiation can, in a military environment, be utilized by hostile forces for electronically jamming the radar and can also be used for positionally locating and for guiding munitions to the radar.
- mainlobe radiation is ordinarily much greater than sidelobe radiation, its relatively small solid angle of radiation and its directionality makes mainlobe jamming, radar location and munitions direction more difficult.
- the present invention is starting from a prior art solid state phased array antenna as it is known from "IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest", 15-17 June 1982, Dallas, Texas, IEEE (New York, US), D.N. McQuiddy Jr; "Solid state radar's path to GaAs", pages 176-178.
- This known solid state phased array antenna is comprising an antenna aperture formed of a large number of N individual, closely spaced radiating apertures and a number of N individual radiating elements, each of which is operatively associated with a corresponding one of the a.m. radiating apertures for radiating microwave energy therethrough.
- phased array antennas of that type A general problem of phased array antennas of that type is the suppression of sidelobe radiation; that is to say, the gain of sidelobe radiation should be much less than the gain of the mainlobe radiation. This is because the sidelobe radiation not only is a waste of radiating energy but also has other serious disadvantageous such as increased difficulty of discriminating targets. It, therefore, has already been proposed to suppress such sidelobe radiation in passive array antennas by "tapering" the illumination over the aperture so that individual radiating elements near the side edges of the array radiate less energy than elements which are closer to the center.
- the power modules are subdivided in a number of M groups, the number M being significantly less than the number N , these M groups of the power modules furthermore being arranged in a concentric pattern (see Fig.4) around a central point of the array, wherein the output voltage amplitude of the power modules is equal within each group, but different in different groups.
- a.m. measures it is possible to easily reduce the sidelobe gain to be at least 30 dB below the mainlobe gain by selecting the output voltage amplitude of each group of power modules and by in combination selecting a pattern dimension of each group.
- a sufficient sidelobe suppression can be obtain by merely using between 3 and 10 different types of power modules, neither production costs are substantially increased nor maintenance and logistical support problems are caused.
- US-A-3 760 345 there is disclosed a transducer array for receiving or transmitting acoustical or electromagnetic signals by means of uniform square transducer elements which each are coupled to associated shading resistances.
- This known array is of the passive type and, consequently, has not a plurality of power modules in the sense of feature [c] of the preamble of claim 1.
- FIG. 1 there is shown in FIG. 1, in exploded form, an exemplary, solid state, active array antenna 10 of the general type with which the present invention may be used to advantage.
- antenna 10 which is shown as an aircraft-mounted type, are an aperture assembly 12, a cooling liquid plate assembly 14, a solid state power module assembly 16 and a stripline feed assembly 18.
- aperture assembly 12 Included in aperture assembly 12 is a large number of small radiating elements 24, each of which has disposed therein a dielectric filler 26.
- a face 28 of aperture assembly 12 is a large number of openings 30, each of such openings being associated with one of radiating elements 24.
- Mounted on cooling plate assembly 14 are a number of loop assemblies 32, each of which is also associated with one of radiating elements 24.
- a large number of solid state power modules 34 comprise power module assembly 16, each such module preferably, but not necessarily, powering only a single associated radiating element 24.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a typical radiation pattern 38 associated with a radar carried by an aircraft 40.
- the airborne radar involved may, for example, comprise a solid state active array similar to array 10 depicted in FIG. 1.
- radiation pattern 38 comprises a narrow, beam-shaped mainlobe 42 and smaller, fan-shaped sidelobes 44 on each side of the mainlobe.
- Sidelobes 44 comprise several different lobes 46 which fan out at different angles, ⁇ , relative to a main beam axis 48; typically the sidelobes diminish in intensity as the angle, ⁇ increases. It can further be seen from FIG. 2 that some of lobes 46 extend rearwardly relative to mainlobe 42, the angles, ⁇ , associated therewith being greater than 90°.
- the present invention relates to a process for configuring a solid state, active array so that the far field sidelobe gain is at least 30dB down, from the far field mainlobe gain.
- the reduced sidelobes provided by the present invention is accomplished by tapering the radiating illumination in a relatively few, precisely determined steps.
- array 60 corresponds generally to array 10 (FIG. 1), insofar as general construction is concerned.
- array 60 has rectangular dimensions 2a and 2b, and has R rows and C columns of linearly polarized, rectangular radiating elements 62.
- element 6z Associated with element 6z is a power module 64 (shown in phantom lines).
- array 60 has an elliptically (instead of a rectangular) radiating aperture 66, it having been determined by the present inventors that array corner regions 68 contribute only negligibly to sidelobes.
- the far field, G, associated with radiating aperture 66 is considered, the far field at any point defined by angles ⁇ and ⁇ being generally identified as G( ⁇ , ⁇ ) in FIG. 3.
- a principal feature of the present invention is the dividing, for analysis purposes, of radiating aperture 66 into a relatively few, superimposed elliptical zones around a central point "A", and the selection of zone boundary axes a i , b i and the zone voltage amplitudes, E i , associated therewith in a manner providing a tapered illumination of the aperture which assures very low, far field sidelobes.
- the number of elliptical zones selected varies between 3 and about 10 and more preferably between 3 and only about 7. Insufficient illumination tapering is considered to be provided using less than 3 zones and although smoother tapering can be provided by use of more than about 7 zones, the cost of using more than that number of different types of power modules is costly and has moreover, been found by the present inventors to be unnecessary for achieving very low sidelobes.
- the number of zones shown and described is 5; however, any limitation to the use of about 5 zones is neither intended nor implied.
- First through fifth concentric, progressively larger elliptical zones 74, 76, 78, 80 and 82, respectively, are thus selected, the zones having semi-major and semi-minor axes equal, respectively, to a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 and b1, b2 b3, b4, and b5 (FIG. 4).
- First zone 74 is the smallest zone and fifth zone 82 is the largest zone and completely fills aperture 66, dimensions a5 and b5 being, therfore, respectfully equal to aperture dimensions a and b (FIG. 3).
- zones 74, 76, 78, 80 and 82 are, for analysis purposes, considered as stacked (or superimposed) upon one another, with the fifth, largest zone 82 at the bottom and the first, smallest zone 74 at the top.
- a different voltage amplitudes, E i amplitude E1 being associated with zone 74, E2 with zone 76, E3 with zone 78, E4 with zone 80 and E5 with zone 82.
- the voltage amplitudes, E i are added to establish power module voltage.
- the combined voltage amplitude of the stacked zones 74-82 required to be provided by underlying power modules 60 is equal to E1 + E2 + E3 + E4 + E5 .
- the voltage amplitude required to be provided by underlying power modules 60 is equal to E2 + E3 + E4 + E5 ; in an annular region 88 of third zone 78 outside of second zone 74, the voltage amplitude required to be provided by the underlying power modules is equal to E3 + E4 + E5 .
- each zone 74-82 can be treated separately as providing only a single, corresponding voltage amplitude E1-E5.
- the present process treats all zone axis dimensions, a i , b i , and zone voltage amplitudes, E i , as independent variables. At least one set of values for these variables is computed which will provide, as may be required, either minimum sidelobes or a sidelobe gain which is a preselected number of dB less than the corresponding mainlobe gain.
- a i , b i , E i standard techniques of gradient search can be employed.
- an initial set of parameters is chosen as a starting point, and a present maximum sidelobe level (such as -30 dB) is selected as a performance criterion.
- the antenna far field pattern with the initial set of input parameters can be calculated by using Equation (1).
- the total power of all the sidelobes that exceed the present level, being defined as the error is computed. After this a small variation of one of the parameters, either a positive or negative increment, is introduced and the error is recomputed.
- antenna pattern gain (in dB) against elevation angle, ⁇ as measured from the broadside axis. From FIG 7 it can be seen that the gains of all sidelobes 46 (shown shaded) are down at least about 36dB from the peak (0°) gain of mainlobe 42 over the entire visible radiation range.
- FIG. 8 which shows that the highest sidelobe gain is down at least about 37 dB from the peak mainlobe gain.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Phasengesteuertes Festkörper-Gruppenantennengerät mit kleiner Seitenkeule, das ein Fernfeld-Hauptkeulen- und ein Seitenkeulen-Strahlungsmuster aufweist, mit:[a] einer Antennenöffnung (12), die aus einer großen Anzahl von N individuellen, eng beabstandeten Strahlungsöffnungen (30) gebildet ist;[b] einer Anzahl von individuellen Strahlungselementen (24), von denen jedes einer entsprechenden der N Strahlungsöffnungen (12) betrieblich zugeordnet ist, um Mikrowellenenergie durch diese auszustrahlen; und[c] einer Anzahl von individuellen Festkörper-Leistungsmodulen (34), von denen jedes mindestens einem der N Strahlungselemente (24) betrieblich zugeordnet ist, um in Abhängigkeit von der Ausgangsspannungsamplitude (E) des jeweiligen Festkörper-Leistungsmoduls (34) diesen Leistung zuzuführen;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß[d] die Leistungsmodule (34) in eine Anzahl von M Gruppen unterteilt sind, wobei die Anzahl M vorzugsweise zwischen 3 und 10 liegt und deutlich kleiner als die Anzahl N ist;[d.1] die M Gruppen der Leistungsmodule (34) in einem konzentrischen Muster (Fig.4) um einen zentralen Punkt (A) der Gruppe herum angeordnet sind;[d.2] die Ausgangsspannungsamplitude (E) der Festkörper-Leistungsmodule (34) innerhalb jeder Gruppe gleich, jedoch unterschiedlich in unterschiedlichen Gruppen ist; und daß[e] die Ausgangsspannungsamplitude (E) jeder Gruppe und eine Musterabmessung jeder Gruppe in Kombination so gewählt sind, daß die Seitenkeulen-Verstärkung mindestens 30 dB unterhalb der Hauptkeulen-Verstärkung liegt. - Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Anzahl M ungefähr gleich 5 ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die äußere Grenze jeder der M Gruppen der Leistungsmodule elliptisch geformt ist, wobei jede der Grenzen eine große Halbachse der Länge ai und eine kleine Halbachse der Länge bi aufweist, wobei sich der Index "i" auf die i-te Grenze bezieht.
- Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 3, bei der die Ausgangsspannungsamplituden und die Anordnung der M Gruppen der Leistungsmodule gewählt werden, indem die Gruppenanordnungen der M Module behandelt werden, als enthielten sie eine Überlagerung von M elliptisch geformten, überlappenden Zonen, welche die gleichen Grenzen wie entsprechende der M Gruppen der Module aufweisen, wobei jeder der M Zonen eine unterschiedliche Spannungsamplitude Ei zugeordnet ist, wobei die Spannungsamplitude der Leistungsmodule in jeder der M Gruppen durch Addition der unterschiedlichen Spannungsamplituden, Ei, der entsprechenden überlappenden Zonen gewählt ist, wobei mit dem Index "i" die i-te Zone bezeichnet ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 4, bei der die Spannungsamplituden, Ei, und die Halbachsen-Längen, ai und bi, durch Anwendung der folgenden Fernfeld-Gleichung gewählt sind, um zu bewirken, daß die Seitenkeulen-Verstärkung mindestens 30 dB unterhalb der Hauptkeulen-Verstärkung liegt:
in der J₁ (ui) die Bessel-Funktion erster Ordnung ist, âϑ und âφ Einheitsvektoren im Kugelkoordinatensystem sind und k₀ die dem abgestrahlten Feld zugeordnete Wellenzahl ist. - Verfahren zum Konfigurieren einer Gruppenantenne gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1,
gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte:[1] Unterteilen der Leistungsmodule (34) in eine Anzahl von M Gruppen, wobei die Anzahl M vorzugsweise zwischen 3 und 10 liegt und deutlich kleiner als die Anzahl N ist;[1.1] Anordnen der M Gruppen der Leistungsmodule (34) in einem konzentrischen Muster (Fig.4) um einen zentralen Punkt (A) der Gruppe herum;[1.2] Gleichmachen der Ausgangsspannungsamplitude (E) der Leistungsmodule (34) innerhalb jeder Gruppe, aber unterschiedlich in unterschiedlichen Gruppen; und[2] Wählen der Ausgangsspannungsamplitude (E) jeder Gruppe und einer Musterabmessung jeder Gruppe in Kombination derart, daß die Seitenkeulen-Verstärkung mindestens 30 dB unterhalb der Hauptkeulen-Verstärkung liegt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Anzahl M ungefähr gleich 5 ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, mit dem Schritt des Anordnens der M Gruppen der Leistungsmodule in der Weise, daß ihre äußeren Grenzen im wesentlichen elliptisch geformt sind, wobei jede Grenze eine große Halbachse der Länge ai und eine kleine Halbachse der Länge bi aufweist, wobei sich der Index "i" auf die i-te Grenze bezieht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, das folgende Schritte umfaßt:[1] Behandeln der M Gruppen der Leistungsmodule, als enthielten sie eine Überlagerung von M elliptisch geformten, überlappenden Zonen mit den gleichen Grenzen als entsprechende der M Gruppen der Module, wobei jeder der M Zonen eine Spannungsamplitude, Ei, zugeordnet ist, und[2] Behandeln der Spannungsamplitude der Spannungsmodule in jeder der M Gruppen der Leistungsmodule als eine additive Überlagerung der Spannungsamplituden, Ei, der entsprechenden überlappenden Zonen, wobei sich der Index "i" auf die i-te Zone bezieht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, mit dem Schritt der Verwendung folgender Fernfeld-Gleichung, um Werte für die Zonen-Spannungsamplituden, Ei, und die Längen, ai und bi, der großen und der kleinen Halbachse der Zone zu erhalten, die bewirken, daß die Fernfeld-Seitenkeulenverstärkung mindestens 30 dB unterhalb der entsprechenden Fernfeld-Hauptkeulenverstärkung liegt:
in der J₁ (ui) die Besselfunktion erster Ordnung ist, âϑ und âφ Einheitsvektoren in den Kugelkoordinaten sind und k₀ die dem abgestrahlten Feld zugeordnete Wellenzahl ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US89145686A | 1986-07-29 | 1986-07-29 | |
US891456 | 1986-07-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0275303A1 EP0275303A1 (de) | 1988-07-27 |
EP0275303B1 true EP0275303B1 (de) | 1993-10-13 |
Family
ID=25398223
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19870905342 Expired - Lifetime EP0275303B1 (de) | 1986-07-29 | 1987-07-21 | Halbleiter phasengesteuerte gruppenantenne mit kleinen nebenkeulen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0275303B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH01500476A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3787797T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1988001106A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5102620A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1992-04-07 | Olin Corporation | Copper alloys with dispersed metal nitrides and method of manufacture |
US5039478A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1991-08-13 | Olin Corporation | Copper alloys having improved softening resistance and a method of manufacture thereof |
GB2238176A (en) * | 1989-10-21 | 1991-05-22 | Ferranti Int Signal | Microwave radar transmitting antenna |
FR2659500B1 (fr) † | 1990-03-09 | 1992-05-15 | Alcatel Espace | Procede de formation du diagramme d'une antenne active a haut rendement pour radar a balayage electronique et antenne mettant en óoeuvre ce procede. |
US5422647A (en) * | 1993-05-07 | 1995-06-06 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Mobile communication satellite payload |
IL110896A0 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1994-11-28 | Loral Qualcomm Satellite Serv | Active transmit phases array antenna with amplitude taper |
US5539415A (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1996-07-23 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Antenna feed and beamforming network |
FR2783974B1 (fr) * | 1998-09-29 | 2002-11-29 | Thomson Csf | Procede d'elargissement du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne, et antenne le mettant en oeuvre |
GB0213976D0 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2002-12-18 | Bae Systems Plc | Common aperture antenna |
US7460077B2 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-12-02 | Raytheon Company | Polarization control system and method for an antenna array |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3553706A (en) * | 1968-07-25 | 1971-01-05 | Hazeltine Research Inc | Array antennas utilizing grouped radiating elements |
US3760345A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1973-09-18 | Us Navy | Adapting circular shading to a truncated array of square elements |
US3811129A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1974-05-14 | Martin Marietta Corp | Antenna array for grating lobe and sidelobe suppression |
US4052723A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-10-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Randomly agglomerated subarrays for phased array radars |
-
1987
- 1987-07-21 DE DE87905342T patent/DE3787797T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-21 WO PCT/US1987/001755 patent/WO1988001106A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-07-21 EP EP19870905342 patent/EP0275303B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-21 JP JP50480387A patent/JPH01500476A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0275303A1 (de) | 1988-07-27 |
JPH01500476A (ja) | 1989-02-16 |
DE3787797T2 (de) | 1994-04-21 |
DE3787797D1 (de) | 1993-11-18 |
WO1988001106A1 (en) | 1988-02-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3352299B1 (de) | Breitbandstrahlerweiterung für phasengesteuerte antennensysteme | |
US4316192A (en) | Beam forming network for butler matrix fed circular array | |
EP2556562B1 (de) | Hf-speisungsnetz für modulare elektronisch gesteuerte antennengruppen mit aktiver apertur | |
US4912481A (en) | Compact multi-frequency antenna array | |
US6661376B2 (en) | Tiled antenna with overlapping subarrays | |
US3868695A (en) | Conformal array beam forming network | |
WO1988008623A1 (en) | Multifunction active array | |
US4186400A (en) | Aircraft scanning antenna system with inter-element isolators | |
EP0275303B1 (de) | Halbleiter phasengesteuerte gruppenantenne mit kleinen nebenkeulen | |
US5233356A (en) | Low sidelobe solid state array antenna apparatus and process for configuring an array antenna aperture | |
EP0807992A1 (de) | Logarithmische spiralförmige Wandleranordnung | |
US3553706A (en) | Array antennas utilizing grouped radiating elements | |
EP1690318B1 (de) | Scannbare dünn besiedelte gruppenantenne | |
US4872016A (en) | Data processing system for a phased array antenna | |
EP1250726B1 (de) | Antennenanordnung und verfahren zur unterdrückung von nebenkeulen | |
JP3061504B2 (ja) | アレイアンテナ | |
GB2034525A (en) | Improvements in or relating to microwave transmission systems | |
Rattan et al. | Antenna Array Optimization using Evolutionary Approaches. | |
EP0479507A1 (de) | Radargruppenantennen | |
US5943015A (en) | Layered antenna | |
GB2243491A (en) | Frequency-scanned antenna arrays | |
CN215816403U (zh) | 一种四波束多普勒雷达微带平面阵列天线 | |
JPH07307617A (ja) | アレーアンテナ | |
Smith | Phased array fundamentals | |
CA1179055A (en) | Electronically scanned antenna system having a linear array of endfire elements |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19880328 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19910123 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3787797 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19931118 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SOCIETA' ITALIANA BREVETTI S.P.A. |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19940609 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19940620 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19940627 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19950721 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19950721 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19960402 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19960430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050721 |