EP0273139A2 - Boring ram - Google Patents

Boring ram Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0273139A2
EP0273139A2 EP87116081A EP87116081A EP0273139A2 EP 0273139 A2 EP0273139 A2 EP 0273139A2 EP 87116081 A EP87116081 A EP 87116081A EP 87116081 A EP87116081 A EP 87116081A EP 0273139 A2 EP0273139 A2 EP 0273139A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control sleeve
boring machine
ram boring
housing
machine according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87116081A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0273139B1 (en
EP0273139A3 (en
Inventor
Helmuth Römer
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT87116081T priority Critical patent/ATE75522T1/en
Publication of EP0273139A2 publication Critical patent/EP0273139A2/en
Publication of EP0273139A3 publication Critical patent/EP0273139A3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ram boring machine with a pneumatically driven percussion piston movable reciprocally in a housing, a control sleeve axially adjustable to reverse the direction of movement of the ram boring machine, which is acted upon by the pressure in one of the pressure chambers formed on both sides of the percussion piston, and one Spindle drive with which the control sleeve can be adjusted by turning a compressed air supply hose.
  • Such ram boring machines are used to advance earth bores for underground cables and the like.
  • the percussion piston has a tubular section which is displaceable on the control sleeve and is provided in the peripheral wall of this tubular section with radial channels which are periodically opened and closed by the control sleeve during the oscillating movement of the percussion piston. In this way, the compressed air supply to the pressure chambers for driving the percussion piston is controlled.
  • the control sleeve When the control sleeve is in a forward position, the percussion piston strikes the forward end of the housing during its forward stroke, so that impulse is transmitted to the housing and the ram boring machine is driven in the forward direction.
  • control sleeve is rigidly connected to the compressed air supply hose.
  • the spindle drive for adjusting the control sleeve is formed by an external thread formed on the control sleeve, which is in engagement with a component rigidly connected to the housing.
  • the pressure chamber located on the rear side of the percussion piston is formed in the tubular section of the percussion piston and is delimited to the rear by the control sleeve in the form of a pot. If this pressure chamber is pressurized during the forward stroke of the percussion piston, a relatively large backward force therefore acts on the control sleeve. For this reason, the switch from backward movement to forward movement can only be made by axially moving the control sleeve forward when the compressed air supply is switched off.
  • the thread of the spindle drive may only have a small pitch so that the relatively large axial forces can be reliably absorbed.
  • the invention has for its object to design a ram boring machine of the type mentioned in such a way that the direction of movement can be reversed quickly and safely and that in particular the reversal of the direction of movement can take place while the ram boring machine is running, i.e. with the compressed air supply switched on.
  • control sleeve provided on an axially fixed to the housing supported core is arranged and forms an annular pressurized active surface.
  • the effective area of the control sleeve which is supplied with compressed air during the forward stroke of the percussion piston, is considerably reduced, so that the control sleeve only has to absorb correspondingly small axial forces.
  • These small axial forces can be easily overcome when adjusting the control sleeve, so that the control sleeve can be easily adjusted even when the ram boring machine is running. Since the axial forces are only small, the spindle drive can have a relatively large thread pitch without the control sleeve automatically adjusting itself when the device is running. When reversing the direction, the compressed air hose therefore only needs to be turned a few turns or not even a full turn.
  • a ram boring machine is already known in which the control sleeve is arranged on an axially fixed core and has only an annular pressurized surface.
  • the direction is not reversed with the aid of a spindle drive, but directly by axially displacing the control sleeve with the help of the compressed air hose.
  • the control sleeve is locked in the forward position with the aid of a locking device.
  • the locking device is released using a cable.
  • the effective area of the control sleeve is so large in this device that the control sleeve is pneumatically moved backwards after loosening the control device.
  • the compressed air supply must be interrupted so that the control sleeve moves forward again and can be locked.
  • the principle according to the invention is not implemented to reduce the effective area of the control sleeve so that it can be moved forward against the working pressure.
  • a ram boring machine has a housing 12 provided with a striking tip 10, which is closed at the rear end by an end piece 14.
  • a front pressure chamber 18 and a rear pressure chamber 20 are formed in the interior of the housing 12 by an impact piston 16 which is axially movable in the housing.
  • the rear pressure chamber 20 is located in a tubular section 22 of the percussion piston 16, which is slidable on a control sleeve 24.
  • a compressed air hose 26 for supplying compressed air to the ram boring machine is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a control tube 30, which is rotatably supported in the end piece 14 and is supported in the axial direction on a shoulder 32 of the end piece.
  • the control tube 30 is surrounded at the front end by a rubber-elastic buffer element 34 which is in sealing contact with the inner wall of a thin-walled cylindrical section of the control sleeve 24.
  • the rear pressure chamber 20 is thus bounded rearwards by the control tube 30, the buffer element 34 and the thin-walled cylindrical section of the control sleeve 24.
  • a rear portion 36 of the control sleeve is threadedly engaged with the control tube 30.
  • the control sleeve 24 is biased forward by a right-handed helical compression spring 38 supported on the end piece 14 and has ventilation channels 40 for ventilating the cavity 42 inside the control sleeve, which is delimited by the buffer element 34.
  • the tubular portion 22 of the percussion piston 16 is provided with radial channels 44 and the end piece 14 has axial air channels 46 which are in fluid communication with the interior of the tubular portion 22 of the percussion piston.
  • the front pressure chamber 18 is relieved of pressure via axial channels 48 of the control piston, via the radial channels 44 and the axial channels 46 of the end piece 14.
  • the percussion piston 16 moves forward.
  • the radial channels 44 are temporarily closed by the control sleeve 24 and then come into fluid communication with the rear pressure chamber 20, so that the compressed air passes through the radial channels 44 and axial channels 48 spreads into the front pressure chamber 18. Since the effective area of the percussion piston 16 with respect to the front pressure chamber 18 is larger than with respect to the rear pressure chamber 20, the piston is braked and moved back again so that it does not strike the front end of the housing 12. At the end of its backward stroke, the percussion piston 16 strikes the rear end piece 14 of the housing and gives the housing an impulse backwards. The operations described above are repeated periodically so that the ram boring machine is driven in the reverse direction as a whole.
  • the control sleeve 24 is adjusted by rotating the compressed air hose 26 by hand, for example.
  • the thread 50 of the rear section 36 of the control sleeve and the control tube 30 is, for example, a four-start thread with an axial pitch of 10 mm.
  • the pitch of a single gear is thus 40mm, so that the control sleeve can be adjusted by only one to three turns around the entire displacement x ( Figure 3). Since the effective area of the control sleeve 24 facing the pressure camera 20 is only very small, the control sleeve can be adjusted forwards against the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 20 while the ram boring machine is running.
  • the helical compression spring 38 supports the forward movement of the control sleeve and at the same time forms a rotation lock, which prevents the tax from occurring sleeve rotates when turning the head tube 30.
  • a different rotation lock can also be provided.
  • control sleeve 24 If there is a high pressure in the pressure chamber 20, a relatively low axial force acts on the control sleeve 24, which tends to twist the control tube 30 due to the action of the thread. At the same time, however, a substantially greater axial force acts directly on the head tube 30, so that rotation of the head tube due to the friction between the head tube and the shoulder 32 is prevented. In this way, the control sleeve 24 is held self-locking in the respective position despite the relatively large thread pitch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)

Abstract

A ram boring implement has a pneumatically driven percussion piston (16), which is movable in the axial direction in a reciprocating manner in a housing (12), and a control sleeve (24) which is axially adjustable for reversing the direction of motion of the ram boring implement and is acted upon by the pressure in one (20) of the pressure chambers (18, 20) formed on both sides of the percussion piston (16). The control sleeve (24) can be adjusted by means of a spindle drive (30, 50) by turning a compressed air supply hose (26). According to the invention, the control sleeve is arranged on a core (30, 34), supported in an axially fixed manner on the housing (12), so that the control sleeve itself forms only a relatively small annular effective area (52) acted upon by pressure. This makes it possible for the control sleeve to be moved forward or toward the rear without the compressed air feed having to be interrupted.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Rammbohrgerät mit einem in Axialrichtung hin- und hergehend in einem Gehäuse beweg­lichen, pneumatisch angetriebenen Schlagkolben, einer zur Umkehr der Bewegungsrichtung des Rammbohrgerätes axial verstellbaren Steuerhülse, die durch den Druck in einer der beiderseits des Schlagkolbens gebildeten Druckkammern beaufschlagt ist, und einem Spindelantrieb, mit dem die Steuerhülse durch Drehen eines Druckluft-Ver­sorgungsschlauches verstellbar ist.The invention relates to a ram boring machine with a pneumatically driven percussion piston movable reciprocally in a housing, a control sleeve axially adjustable to reverse the direction of movement of the ram boring machine, which is acted upon by the pressure in one of the pressure chambers formed on both sides of the percussion piston, and one Spindle drive with which the control sleeve can be adjusted by turning a compressed air supply hose.

Derartige Rammbohrgeräte dienen zum Vortreiben von Erd­bohrungen für unterirdisch verlegte Kabel und dergleichen.Such ram boring machines are used to advance earth bores for underground cables and the like.

Aus der DE-PS 16 34 417 ist ein Rammbohrgerät der eingangs genannten Gattung bekannt. Der Schlagkolben weist einen auf der Steuerhülse verschiebbaren rohrförmigen Abschnitt auf und ist in der Umfangswand dieses rohrförmigen Abschnitts mit radialen Kanälen versehen, die bei der oszillierenden Bewegung des Schlagkolbens periodisch durch die Steuer­hülse geöffnet und verschlossen werden. Auf diese Weise wird die Druckluftzufuhr zu den Druckkammern für den Antrieb des Schlagkolbens gesteuert. Wenn sich die Steuer­hülse in einer vorderen Stellung befindet, schlägt der Schlagkolben bei seinem Vorwärtshub am vorderen Ende des Gehäuses an, so daß Impuls auf das Gehäuse über­tragen und das Rammbohrgerät in Vorwärtsrichtung ange­trieben wird. Wenn sich die Steuerhülse in der rückwär­tigen Stellung befindet, wird die Bewegung des Schlag­kolbens beim Vorwärtshub pneumatisch abgebremst, bevor der Schlagkolben das vordere Ende des Gehäuses erreicht. Statt dessen schlägt der Schlagkolben in diesem Fall bei seinem Rückwärtshub am rückwärtigen Ende des Gehäuses an, so daß sich das Rammbohrgerät in Rückwärtsrichtung bewegt.From DE-PS 16 34 417 a ram boring machine of the type mentioned is known. The percussion piston has a tubular section which is displaceable on the control sleeve and is provided in the peripheral wall of this tubular section with radial channels which are periodically opened and closed by the control sleeve during the oscillating movement of the percussion piston. In this way, the compressed air supply to the pressure chambers for driving the percussion piston is controlled. When the control sleeve is in a forward position, the percussion piston strikes the forward end of the housing during its forward stroke, so that impulse is transmitted to the housing and the ram boring machine is driven in the forward direction. When the control sleeve is in the rearward position, the movement of the percussion piston is pneumatically braked during the forward stroke before the percussion piston reaches the front end of the housing. Instead, in this case the percussion piston strikes the rear end of the housing during its backward stroke, so that the ram boring machine moves in the backward direction.

Bei dem herkömmlichen Gerät ist die Steuerhülse starr mit dem Druckluft-Versorgungsschlauch verbunden. Der Spindelantrieb zum Verstellen der Steuerhülse wird durch ein an der Steuerhülse ausgebildetes Außengewinde ge­bildet , das mit einem starr mit dem Gehäuse verbundenen Bauteil in Eingriff steht.In the conventional device, the control sleeve is rigidly connected to the compressed air supply hose. The spindle drive for adjusting the control sleeve is formed by an external thread formed on the control sleeve, which is in engagement with a component rigidly connected to the housing.

Die auf der Rückseite des Schlagkolbens gelegene Druck­kammer ist in dem rohrförmigen Abschnitt des Schlagkol­bens ausgebildet und wird nach rückwärts durch die topf­fömig ausgebildete Steuerhülse begrenzt. Wenn diese Druckkammer beim Vorwärtshub des Schlagkolbens druck­beaufschlagt ist, wirkt daher eine verhältnismäßig große rückwärts gerichtete Kraft auf die Steuerhülse. Aus die­sem Grund kann das Umschalten von Rückwärtsbewegung auf Vorwärtsbewegung durch axiale Verstellung der Steuerhülse nach vorn nur bei abgeschalteter Druckluftzufuhr erfol­gen. Das Gewinde des Spindelantriebs darf nur eine geringe Steigung aufweisen, damit die relativ großen axialen Kräfte zuverlässig aufgenommen werden können. Wenn die Bewegungsrichtung des Rammtohrgerätes umgekehrt werden soll und zu diesem Zweck der Druckluftschlauch von Hand gedreht wird, muß der Druckluftschlauch eine große Anzahl von Umdrehungen ausführen, so daß die Umkehr der Bewegungs­richtung relativ mühsam und zeitraubend ist.The pressure chamber located on the rear side of the percussion piston is formed in the tubular section of the percussion piston and is delimited to the rear by the control sleeve in the form of a pot. If this pressure chamber is pressurized during the forward stroke of the percussion piston, a relatively large backward force therefore acts on the control sleeve. For this reason, the switch from backward movement to forward movement can only be made by axially moving the control sleeve forward when the compressed air supply is switched off. The thread of the spindle drive may only have a small pitch so that the relatively large axial forces can be reliably absorbed. If the direction of movement of the ramming ear device is to be reversed and for this purpose the compressed air hose is rotated by hand, the compressed air hose must make a large number of rotations, so that the reversal of the direction of movement is relatively tedious and time-consuming.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Rammbohr­gerät der eingangs genannten Gattung derart auszubilden, daß sich die Bewegungsrichtung schnell und sicher umkehren läßt und daß insbesondere die Umkehr der Bewegungsrichtung bei laufendem Rammbohrgerät, d.h., bei eingeschalteter Druckluftzufuhr erfolgen kann.The invention has for its object to design a ram boring machine of the type mentioned in such a way that the direction of movement can be reversed quickly and safely and that in particular the reversal of the direction of movement can take place while the ram boring machine is running, i.e. with the compressed air supply switched on.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Steuerhülse auf einem axialfest am Gehäuse abge­ stützten Kern angeordnet ist und eine ringförmige druck­beaufschlagte Wirkfläche bildet.This object is achieved in that the control sleeve abge on an axially fixed to the housing supported core is arranged and forms an annular pressurized active surface.

Durch den am Gehäuse abgestützten Kern wird die Wirk­fläche der Steuerhülse, die beim Vorwärtshub des Schlag­kolbens mit Druckluft beaufschlagt ist, erheblich ver­ringert, so daß die Steuerhülse nur entsprechend geringe Axialkräfte aufzunehmen braucht. Diese geringen Axial­kräfte lassen sich beim Verstellen der Steuerhülse mühelos überwinden, so daß sich die Steuerhülse auch bei laufendem Rammbohrgerät problemlos verstellen läßt. Da die Axial­kräfte nur klein sind, kann der Spindelantrieb eine relativ große Gewindesteigung aufweisen, ohne daß sich die Steuerhülse bei laufendem Gerät selbsttätig verstellt. Bei der Richtungsumkehr braucht der Druckluftschlauch daher nur um wenige Umdrehungen oder nicht einmal um eine volle Umdrehung gedreht zu werden.Due to the core supported on the housing, the effective area of the control sleeve, which is supplied with compressed air during the forward stroke of the percussion piston, is considerably reduced, so that the control sleeve only has to absorb correspondingly small axial forces. These small axial forces can be easily overcome when adjusting the control sleeve, so that the control sleeve can be easily adjusted even when the ram boring machine is running. Since the axial forces are only small, the spindle drive can have a relatively large thread pitch without the control sleeve automatically adjusting itself when the device is running. When reversing the direction, the compressed air hose therefore only needs to be turned a few turns or not even a full turn.

Aus der DE-PS 21 57 259 ist bereits ein Rammbohrgerät bekannt, bei dem die Steuerhülse auf einem axialfesten Kern angeordnet ist und nur eine ringförmige druckbeauf­schlagte Fläche aufweist. Die Richtungsumkehr erfolgt hier jedoch nicht mit Hilfe eines Spindelantriebs, sondern unmittelbar durch axiale Verschiebung der Steuerhülse mit Hilfe des Druckluftschlauches. Bei der Vorwärts­bewegung des Rammbohrgerätes ist die Steuerhülse mit Hilfe einer Riegeleinrichtung in der vorderen Stellung arretiert. Zum Umschalten auf Rückwärtsbewegung wird die Riegeleinrichtung mit Hilfe eines Seilzugs gelöst. Die Wirkfläche der Steuerhülse ist bei diesem Gerät so groß bemessen, daß die Steuerhülse nach dem Lösen der Regeleinrichtung pneumatisch nach rückwärts verschoben wird. Wenn erneut auf Vorwärts-Bewegung umgeschaltet werden soll, muß die Druckluftzufuhr unterbrochen werden, damit sich die Steuerhülse wieder nach vorn schieben und verriegeln läßt. Bei diesem bekannten Gerät ist also nicht das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip verwirklicht, die Wirkfläche der Steuerhülse so zu verringern, daß sie sich entgegen dem Arbeitsdruck nach vorn bewegen läßt.From DE-PS 21 57 259 a ram boring machine is already known in which the control sleeve is arranged on an axially fixed core and has only an annular pressurized surface. However, the direction is not reversed with the aid of a spindle drive, but directly by axially displacing the control sleeve with the help of the compressed air hose. When the ram boring machine moves forward, the control sleeve is locked in the forward position with the aid of a locking device. To switch to backward movement, the locking device is released using a cable. The effective area of the control sleeve is so large in this device that the control sleeve is pneumatically moved backwards after loosening the control device. If you want to switch to the forward movement again, the compressed air supply must be interrupted so that the control sleeve moves forward again and can be locked. In this known device, therefore, the principle according to the invention is not implemented to reduce the effective area of the control sleeve so that it can be moved forward against the working pressure.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Rammbohrgerätes ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments of the ram boring machine according to the invention result from the subclaims.

Im folgenden wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch ein Rammbohr­gerät mit auf Antrieb in Rückwärts­richtung eingestellter Steuerhülse;
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch das Rammbohr­gerät mit auf Antrieb in Vorwärts­richtung eingestellter Steuerhülse; und
  • Fig. 3 einen vergrößerten Schnitt durch Teile des Rammtohrgerätes.
Show it:
  • 1 shows a section through a ram boring machine with a control sleeve set to drive in the reverse direction;
  • 2 shows a section through the ram boring machine with the control sleeve set to drive in the forward direction; and
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged section through parts of the ram ear.

Ein Rammbohrgerät weist ein mit einer Schlagspitze 10 versehenes Gehäuse 12 auf, das am rückwärtigen Ende durch ein Endstück 14 abgeschlossen ist. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 12 werden durch einen axialbeweglich in dem Gehäuse geführten Schlagkolben 16 eine vordere Druck­kammer 18 und eine hintere Druckkammer 20 gebildet. Die hintere Druckkammer 20 befindet sich in einem rohr­förmigen Abschnitt 22 des Schlagkolbens 16, der gleitend auf einer Steuerhülse 24 verschiebbar ist. Ein Druckluft­schlauch 26 zur Druckluftversorgung des Rammbohrgerätes ist über ein Anschlußstück 28 drehfest mit einem Steuer­rohr 30 verbunden, das in dem Endstück 14 drehbar gela­gert ist und sich in Axialrichtung an einer Schulter 32 des Endstücks abstützt. Das Steuerrohr 30 ist am vorderen Ende von einem gummielastischen Pufferelement 34 umgeben, das in dichtender Berührung mit der Innenwand eines dünn­wandigen zylindrischen Abschnitts der Steuerhülse 24 steht. Die hintere Druckkammer 20 wird somit nach rück­wärts durch das Steuerrohr 30, das Pufferelement 34 und den dünnwandigen zylindrischen Abschnitt der Steuerhülse 24 begrenzt. Ein rückwärtiger Abschnitt 36 der Steuerhülse steht mit dem Steuerrohr 30 in Gewindeeingriff. Die Steuer­hülse 24 wird durch eine an dem Endstück 14 abgestützte rechtshändige Schraubendruckfeder 38 nach vorn vorge­spannt und weist Lüftungskanäle 40 zur Be- und Entlüftung des durch das Pufferelement 34 begrenzten Hohlraums 42 im Inneren der Steuerhülse auf.A ram boring machine has a housing 12 provided with a striking tip 10, which is closed at the rear end by an end piece 14. A front pressure chamber 18 and a rear pressure chamber 20 are formed in the interior of the housing 12 by an impact piston 16 which is axially movable in the housing. The rear pressure chamber 20 is located in a tubular section 22 of the percussion piston 16, which is slidable on a control sleeve 24. A compressed air hose 26 for supplying compressed air to the ram boring machine is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a control tube 30, which is rotatably supported in the end piece 14 and is supported in the axial direction on a shoulder 32 of the end piece. The control tube 30 is surrounded at the front end by a rubber-elastic buffer element 34 which is in sealing contact with the inner wall of a thin-walled cylindrical section of the control sleeve 24. The rear pressure chamber 20 is thus bounded rearwards by the control tube 30, the buffer element 34 and the thin-walled cylindrical section of the control sleeve 24. A rear portion 36 of the control sleeve is threadedly engaged with the control tube 30. The control sleeve 24 is biased forward by a right-handed helical compression spring 38 supported on the end piece 14 and has ventilation channels 40 for ventilating the cavity 42 inside the control sleeve, which is delimited by the buffer element 34.

Der rohrförmige Abschnitt 22 des Schlagkolbens 16 ist mit radialen Kanälen 44 versehen, und das Endstück 14 weist axiale Luftkanäle 46 auf, die mit dem Inneren des rohr­förmigen Abschnitts 22 des Schlagskolbens in Fluidver­bindung stehen.The tubular portion 22 of the percussion piston 16 is provided with radial channels 44 and the end piece 14 has axial air channels 46 which are in fluid communication with the interior of the tubular portion 22 of the percussion piston.

In der in Figur 1 gezeigten Stellung des Schlagkolbens ist die vordere Druckkammer 18 über axiale Kanäle 48 des Steuerkolbens, über die radialen Kanäle 44 und die axialen Kanäle 46 des Endstücks 14 druckentlastet. Wenn über den Druckluftschlauch 26 und das Steuerrohr 30 Druckluft in die hintere Druckkammer 20 eingeleitet wird, bewegt sich der Schlagkolben 16 nach vorn. Die radialen Kanäle 44 werden vorübergehend durch die Steuerhülse 24 verschlossen und treten dann mit der hinteren Druckkammer 20 in Fluidverbindung, so daß sich die Druckluft über die radialen Kanäle 44 und die axialen Kanäle 48 in die vordere Druckkammer 18 ausbreitet. Da die Wirkfläche des Schlagkolbens 16 gegenüber der vor­deren Druckkammer 18 größer ist als gegenüber der hinte­ren Druckkammer 20, wird der Kolben abgebremst und wieder zurückbewegt, so daß er nicht am vorderen Ende des Ge­häuses 12 anschlägt. Am Ende seines Rückwärtshubes schlägt der Schlagkolben 16 an dem hinteren Endstück 14 des Gehäuses an und erteilt dem Gehäuse einen Impuls nach rückwärts. Die oben beschriebenen Vorgänge wieder­holen sich periodisch, so daß das Rammbohrgerät insgesamt in Rückwärtsrichtung angetrieben wird.In the position of the percussion piston shown in FIG. 1, the front pressure chamber 18 is relieved of pressure via axial channels 48 of the control piston, via the radial channels 44 and the axial channels 46 of the end piece 14. When compressed air is introduced into the rear pressure chamber 20 via the compressed air hose 26 and the control tube 30, the percussion piston 16 moves forward. The radial channels 44 are temporarily closed by the control sleeve 24 and then come into fluid communication with the rear pressure chamber 20, so that the compressed air passes through the radial channels 44 and axial channels 48 spreads into the front pressure chamber 18. Since the effective area of the percussion piston 16 with respect to the front pressure chamber 18 is larger than with respect to the rear pressure chamber 20, the piston is braked and moved back again so that it does not strike the front end of the housing 12. At the end of its backward stroke, the percussion piston 16 strikes the rear end piece 14 of the housing and gives the housing an impulse backwards. The operations described above are repeated periodically so that the ram boring machine is driven in the reverse direction as a whole.

Wenn sich die Steuerhülse dagegen in der in Figur 2 ge­zeigten vorderen Stellung befindet, schlägt der Schlag­kolben bei seinem Vorwärtshub am vorderen Ende des Ge­häuses 12 an, und beim Rückwärtshub wird der Schlagkolben pneumatisch abgebremst, bevor er das Endstück 14 erreicht. In diesem Fall wird daher das Rammbohrgerät in Vorwärts­richtung vorgetrieben.On the other hand, when the control sleeve is in the front position shown in FIG. 2, the percussion piston strikes the front end of the housing 12 during its forward stroke, and during the reverse stroke the percussion piston is pneumatically braked before it reaches the end piece 14. In this case, the ram boring machine is driven forward.

Bei der Umkehr der Bewegungsrichtung wird die Steuerhülse 24 verstellt, indem der Druckluftschlauch 26 beispiels­weise von Hand gedreht wird. Bei dem Gewinde 50 des rück­wärtigen Abschnitts 36 der Steuerhülse und des Steuer­rohres 30 handelt es sich beispielsweise um ein vier­gängiges Gewinde mit einem axialen Gangabstand von 10mm. Die Steigung eines einzelnen Ganges beträgt somit 40mm, so daß sich die Steuerhülse mit Hilfe von nur ein bis drei Umdrehungen um den gesamten Verschiebeweg x (Figur 3) verstellen läßt. Da die der Druckkamer 20 zugewandte Wirkfläche der Steuerhülse 24 nur sehr klein ist, läßt sich die Steuerhülse bei laufendem Rammbohrgerät gegen den in der Druckkammer 20 herrschenden Druck nach vorn verstellen. Die Schraubendruckfeder 38 unterstützt die Vorwärtsbewegung der Steuerhülse und bildet zugleich eine Drehsicherung, die verhindert, daß sich die Steuer­ hülse beim Drehen des Steuerrohres 30 mitdreht. Wahlweise kann jedoch zusätzlich eine andere Drehsicherung vorge­sehen sein.When the direction of movement is reversed, the control sleeve 24 is adjusted by rotating the compressed air hose 26 by hand, for example. The thread 50 of the rear section 36 of the control sleeve and the control tube 30 is, for example, a four-start thread with an axial pitch of 10 mm. The pitch of a single gear is thus 40mm, so that the control sleeve can be adjusted by only one to three turns around the entire displacement x (Figure 3). Since the effective area of the control sleeve 24 facing the pressure camera 20 is only very small, the control sleeve can be adjusted forwards against the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 20 while the ram boring machine is running. The helical compression spring 38 supports the forward movement of the control sleeve and at the same time forms a rotation lock, which prevents the tax from occurring sleeve rotates when turning the head tube 30. Alternatively, however, a different rotation lock can also be provided.

Wenn in der Druckkammer 20 ein hoher Druck herrscht, wirkt auf die Steuerhülse 24 eine verhältnismäßig geringe axiale Kraft, die aufgrund der Wirkung des Gewindes die Tendenz hat, das Steuerohr 30 zu verdrehen. Gleichzeitig wirkt jedoch eine wesentliche größere axiale Kraft un­mittelbar auf das Steuerrohr 30, so daß eine Drehung des Steuerrohrs aufgrund der Reibung zwischen dem Steuerohr und der Schulter 32 verhindert wird. Auf diese Weise wird die Steuerhülse 24 trotz der relativ großen Gewindesteigung selbsthemmend in der jeweiligen Position gehalten.If there is a high pressure in the pressure chamber 20, a relatively low axial force acts on the control sleeve 24, which tends to twist the control tube 30 due to the action of the thread. At the same time, however, a substantially greater axial force acts directly on the head tube 30, so that rotation of the head tube due to the friction between the head tube and the shoulder 32 is prevented. In this way, the control sleeve 24 is held self-locking in the respective position despite the relatively large thread pitch.

Claims (8)

1. Rammbohrgerät mit einem in Axialrichtung hin- und hergehend in einem Gehäuse (12) beweglichen, pneumatisch angetriebenen Schlagkolben (16), einer zur Umkehr der Bewegungsrichtung des Rammbohrgerätes axial verstell­baren Steuerhülse (24), die durch den Druck in einer (20) der beiderseits des Schlagkolbens (16) gebildeten Druck­kammern (18,20) beaufschlagt ist, und einem Spindel­antrieb (30,50), mit dem die Steuerhülse (24) durch Drehen eines Druckluft-Versorgungschlauches (26) ver­stellbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerhülse (24) auf einem axialfest am Gehäuse (12) abgestützten Kern (20,34) angeordnet ist und eine ringförmige druckbeaufschlagte Wirkfläche (52) bildet.1. ram boring machine with an axially reciprocating in a housing (12) movable, pneumatically driven percussion piston (16), an axially adjustable control sleeve (24) for reversing the direction of movement of the ram boring machine, which by the pressure in a (20) pressure chambers (18, 20) formed on both sides of the percussion piston (16) and a spindle drive (30, 50) with which the control sleeve (24) can be adjusted by rotating a compressed air supply hose (26), characterized in that the control sleeve (24) is arranged on a core (20, 34) which is axially fixed to the housing (12) and forms an annular, pressurized active surface (52). 2. Rammbohrgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Steuerhülse (24) drehfest in Bezug auf das Gehäuse (12) gehalten ist und daß der Spindelantrieb durch ein in Bezug auf das Gehäuse dreh­bares Teil (30) des Kerns (30,34) gebildet wird, das mit der Steuerhülse (24) in Gewindeeingriff steht.2. A ram boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the control sleeve (24) is held in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the housing (12) and in that the spindle drive is rotated by a part (30) of the core (30, 34) which is rotatable in relation to the housing. is formed, which is in threaded engagement with the control sleeve (24). 3. Rammbohrgerät nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß zur Drehsicherung der Gewindehülse (24) eine Schraubendruckfeder (38) vorgesehen ist, die sich an einem rückwärtigen Teil (14) des Gehäuses abstützt und die Steuerhülse (24) in Richtung auf die Druckkammer (20) vorspannt.3. A ram boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that a helical compression spring (38) is provided for securing the threaded sleeve (24) against rotation, which is supported on a rear part (14) of the housing and the control sleeve (24) in the direction of the pressure chamber ( 20) preloaded. 4. Rammbohrgerät nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern durch ein mit dem Druckluft-Versorgungsschlauch (26) verbundenes Steuerrohr (30) und ein auf dem freien Ende des Steuer­rohres angeordnetes, an der Innenfläche der Steuerhülse (24) anliegendes elastisches Pufferelement (34) gebildet wird.4. A ram boring machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the core by means of a control tube (30) connected to the compressed air supply hose (26) and an elastic element arranged on the free end of the control tube and resting on the inner surface of the control sleeve (24) Buffer element (34) is formed. 5. Rammbohrgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gewindesteigung des Spindelantriebs (30,50) derart gewählt ist, daß die Steuerhülse (24) selbsthemmend gegen den auf die Wirkfläche (52) der Steuerhülse wirkenden Druck gehalten wird.5. A ram boring machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thread pitch of the spindle drive (30, 50) is selected such that the control sleeve (24) is held in a self-locking manner against the pressure acting on the active surface (52) of the control sleeve. 6. Rammbohrgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steigung des Spindelantriebs wenigstens 5mm beträgt.6. A ram boring machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pitch of the spindle drive is at least 5mm. 7. Rammbohrgerät nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewinde (50) ein mehrgängiges, vorzugsweise viergängiges Gewinde ist.7. ram boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the thread (50) is a multi-start, preferably four-start thread. 8. Rammbohrgerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steigung des Gewindes (50) für jeden einzelnen Gang 20 bis 40mm beträgt.8. A ram boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the pitch of the thread (50) is 20 to 40 mm for each individual gear.
EP87116081A 1987-01-02 1987-11-02 Boring ram Expired - Lifetime EP0273139B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87116081T ATE75522T1 (en) 1987-01-02 1987-11-02 DRILLING RIG.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8700076U 1987-01-02
DE8700076U DE8700076U1 (en) 1987-01-02 1987-01-02 Ram drilling rig

Publications (3)

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EP0273139A2 true EP0273139A2 (en) 1988-07-06
EP0273139A3 EP0273139A3 (en) 1989-06-28
EP0273139B1 EP0273139B1 (en) 1992-04-29

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EP87116081A Expired - Lifetime EP0273139B1 (en) 1987-01-02 1987-11-02 Boring ram

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US (1) US4840237A (en)
EP (1) EP0273139B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE75522T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8700076U1 (en)

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DE4308547C1 (en) * 1993-03-17 1994-04-28 Kipp Jens Werner Trenchless pipe laying system with hydraulic/pneumatic drive - has pipe sections joined by profiled sleeve and with ram on rear section and flushing head on front of pipeline

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DE4003189A1 (en) * 1990-02-03 1991-08-08 Roemer Helmuth RAMM DEVICE
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US5109932A (en) * 1990-12-10 1992-05-05 Industrial Engineering, Inc. Impact borer, connector for embedding lines, anchoring cables, and sinking wells
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ATE169205T1 (en) * 1993-03-30 1998-08-15 Integral Medizintechnik PNEUMATIC IMPACT TOOL
US5603383A (en) * 1995-09-25 1997-02-18 Earth Tool Corporation Reversible pneumatic ground piercing tool
US5816342A (en) * 1997-01-27 1998-10-06 Columbia Gas Distribution Companies Small diameter impact boring tool
JP4848005B2 (en) * 2005-05-17 2011-12-28 イーエムテー インテグラール メディツィンテヒニーク アクチエンゲゼルシャフト Impact tool
US7681658B2 (en) 2007-11-06 2010-03-23 Maurice DUVAL Pneumatic impact tool
DE102015008339A1 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-01-05 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg "Rammbohrvorrichtung and method for reversing a ram boring device"
CN116677316B (en) * 2023-08-04 2023-10-31 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) Impact type rock stratum drilling mechanism for substance exploration

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DE4308547C1 (en) * 1993-03-17 1994-04-28 Kipp Jens Werner Trenchless pipe laying system with hydraulic/pneumatic drive - has pipe sections joined by profiled sleeve and with ram on rear section and flushing head on front of pipeline

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0273139B1 (en) 1992-04-29
EP0273139A3 (en) 1989-06-28
US4840237A (en) 1989-06-20
DE8700076U1 (en) 1987-02-19
ATE75522T1 (en) 1992-05-15
DE3778668D1 (en) 1992-06-04

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