EP0269259B1 - Am Kopf schwenkbarer Sichtanzeigeschirm - Google Patents

Am Kopf schwenkbarer Sichtanzeigeschirm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0269259B1
EP0269259B1 EP87309476A EP87309476A EP0269259B1 EP 0269259 B1 EP0269259 B1 EP 0269259B1 EP 87309476 A EP87309476 A EP 87309476A EP 87309476 A EP87309476 A EP 87309476A EP 0269259 B1 EP0269259 B1 EP 0269259B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
visor
regions
display
sheet
head
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87309476A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0269259A1 (de
Inventor
Charles Dewayne Evans
Andrew Theodore Tirums
Eric Walter Larkin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell Collins ElectroMechanical Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Kaiser Aerospace and Electronics Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kaiser Aerospace and Electronics Corp filed Critical Kaiser Aerospace and Electronics Corp
Publication of EP0269259A1 publication Critical patent/EP0269259A1/de
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Publication of EP0269259B1 publication Critical patent/EP0269259B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/18—Face protection devices
    • A42B3/22—Visors
    • A42B3/228—Visors for military or aviation applications
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/0406—Accessories for helmets
    • A42B3/042—Optical devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to head mounted displays which produce images visible to the wearer of the display, and, for example, to a method for producing an improved visor or shield for use with a helmet mounted display that operates in conjunction with a partially reflective coating to superimpose the display on an exterior scene that is being viewed by the wearer.
  • the invention also relates to the improved visor itself.
  • Helmet mounted display apparatus finds utility in many areas, such as training, machine control or entertainment. In recent years, such devices have found particular utility in military applications where information must be supplied to vehicle operators and weapons controllers. Aircraft pilots find such devices useful to furnish information relating to aircraft operation, radar presentations, maps, weapons aiming and other things that would be useful or desirable in their mission.
  • the images which are superimposed on a surface in the wearer's line of sight, can be derived from a variety of sources including cathode ray tubes (CRTs) that can be mounted in a helmet.
  • CTRs cathode ray tubes
  • Prior art devices have utilized fibre optics displays, falt screen liquid crystal devices with image enhancers, and even photographic projectors operating with an appropriate optical relay system, all of which might supply the wearer with an informational image.
  • Helmet mounted systems for displaying images are well known in the art.
  • U.S.-A-3,059,519 shows a helmet mounted display in which a CRT display is directed through an optical system that included a plurality of reflecting mirrors which ultimately placed the image in the eyes of the observer, slightly above the normal line of sight.
  • an alternative embodiment includes a partially reflective mirror in combination with a parabolic reflector.
  • Another alternative embodiment replaces one of the mirrors with a semi-reflective mirror so that the pilot's view is not completely obstructed by the helmet and mirrors.
  • U.S.-A-3,787,109 discloses a display where the helmet is provided with a paraboloidal visor with a partially reflective coating on the inner surface as the primary optical element in transmitting the image from the generating device to the eye of the observer. Such an innovation eliminates the need for separate combiner screens or beam splitters near the eyes.
  • U.S.-A-3,923,370 A more complex optical path that still utilizes a visor is disclosed in U.S.-A-3,923,370.
  • limited areas of the inner surface of the visor are coated to be partially or totally reflective.
  • An image generating system mounted at the upper portion of the helmet projects an image to a first reflective area which is high on the visor.
  • the image is relayed to a planar mirror mounted on the front of the helmet and from there to a second reflective area which is just above the normal line of sight of the observer.
  • all of the reflective elements are deemed to be substantially out of the field of view of the helmet wearer.
  • a substantially more complex helmet display system is disclosed in U.S.-A-4,361,384. That device combines a thin film flat panel display and a wafer diode image intensifier tube. A plurality of semi-transparent optical elements direct the image from the flat panel display into the eye of the observer. The image intensifier, using some of the same optics, also directs an image into the eye where it can be superimposed over the images received from the exterior scene. The wearer thus views the exterior scene through both the visor and the flat panel display images.
  • the visor for reflecting purposes, can be holographic, toric, aspherical or spheric.
  • a toric combination is disclosed in U.S.-A-4,026,641.
  • the toric reflector does not appear to be a part of a visor, but rather, appears to be adapted to be mounted on the helmet.
  • U.S.-A-4,081,209 utilizes a more complex optical system in combination with a spherical, semi-reflective combiner surface which may be part of a visor.
  • a prism transmits the image from the source and directs it to the combiner surface which returns the image to the eye of the observer.
  • a refractive interface at an inclined plane with respect to the image source compensates for distortion of the image due to different optical path lengths of different rays.
  • the present invention aims to improve on the known parabolic surfaces of revolution of the prior art which result in bulky shapes, not suitable for compact, heat mounted displays systems.
  • a known visor which displays the features set out in the pre-characterising portions of the independent claims is described in US-A-3833300.
  • a problem with this visor is that, while it may be easy to manufacture, the resultant shape is not particularly ophthalmically neutral.
  • the intermediate portion of the visor which connects the two paraboloidal regions in front of each eye has an inflection point (ie a change of sign) which causes a prismatic deviation as the eye is scanned across it, so generating ophthalmic disturbances.
  • One of the objects of this invention is to make possible a compact, head mounted display visor that provides good optical performance in either the binocular or monocular mode.
  • a visor is characterised by the features set out in Claim 1. Since the visor is not simply a parabolic surface of revolution, its volume and size can be substantially reduced with a corresponding reduction in weight and bulk. The provision of a concave intermediate region, smoothly blended with the paraboloidal regions, and having no inflection points minimises the ophthalmic effects due to prismatic deviations.
  • the visor contains two, offset, image-forming parabolic segments (one opposite each eye location) optically blending into a visor surface which has a synthesised optical form with no axis of revolution as in conventional optics.
  • the compactness of the visor is the result of this visor shape, which is not defined as a surface of revolution.
  • the said regions may respectively merge into first and second upper regions, above the said regions, which are generally circular in vertical cross section. These first and second upper regions may be generally parabolic in horizontal section.
  • the visor thickness may be between 1.3 to 1.8mm (0.05 to 0.15 inches).
  • a head-up display comprises the features set out in Claim 10.
  • Cartesian coordinate system Preferably, a Cartesian coordinate system is used. However, this is not essential, and other coordinate systems, such as spherical could be used instead.
  • a helmet mounted display visor embodying the present invention is made up of two decentered off-axis paraboloidal surfaces located on a visor surface, each approximately 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in front of each eye of the helmet wearer.
  • each paraboloidal surface is blended on all of its sides into a complex, but smoothly varying form as detailed herein. This form, although continuous and defined, has no simple closed form of mathematical expression, and therefore necessitates the following description in terms of bounded regions and segments.
  • the only essential surfaces generated by the method for fabricating the visor and on the visor itself are the two decentered off-axis paraboloidal surfaces.
  • the surface segments bounding these two paraboloidal surfaces can be any other curved surface that fits the goals of the overall visor design. Accordingly, while a method for generating a preferred visor and the preferred visor itself are described below as having certain explicit tangentially connected surface shapes, i.e.
  • the surfaces forming tangentially connected boundary surfaces to the paraboloidal surfaces may be replaced by any other curved surface that fits the immediate goals of the individual designer.
  • FIGS 1 to 4 illustrate the general appearance of a preferred visor.
  • the visor 10 is adapted to be mounted onto a helmet (not illustrated) by any known mechanical means, so that the geometrical relationship between the wearer of the helmet and the visor is maintained substantially constant.
  • a standard orthogonal, right-handed xyz Cartesian coordinate system of spatial reference 12 having its origin 14 centrally located on the inner concave surface 16 of the visor 10 and its z-axis 18 parallel to the line of sight of the helmet wearer.
  • the y-axis 20 is vertical and the x-axis 22 is horizontal and to the left of an observer sighting along the z-axis 18. Accordingly, the x-z plane of reference defines the horizontal, and the y-z plane of reference defines the left-right plane of human bilateral symmetry.
  • a preferred visor is not defined as a surface of revolution, the following description of the preferred embodiment will describe the visor shape in various cross-sectional cuts in both the x-z and y-z planes of reference.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a first cross-sectional cut forming the visor in the horizontal or x-z plane of reference.
  • Regions A, B and C are symmetric about the y-z plane of reference and the origin 14, and comprise arc segments of various geometric figures tangentially connected at their extrema.
  • Region B the surface of the visor is best described as being in substantial accordance with the relationship: (where a, b, and c are constant values), which is a parabolic arc segment.
  • the surface of the visor is substantially in accordance with the relationship: which is an elliptic arc segment.
  • Any horizontal or x-z plane cross-sectional cut through the visor 10 will conform to the above described composite curve, but shifted in the y-z plane of reference.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a second cross-sectional cut forming the visor in the vertical or y-z plane of reference.
  • Regions D, E, and F are symmetric about the x-z plane of reference, and comprise arc segments of various geometric figures tangentially connected at their extrema.
  • the surface of the visor is substantially in accordance with the relationship: which is a parabolic arc segment.
  • Any vertical or y-z plane cross-sectional cut through the visor will conform to the above described composite curve, but shifted along the x-axis of reference.
  • Region B defined for 11.720329103 ⁇
  • Equation 3 For Region C, defined for
  • the visor 10 As illustrated in Figure 2, will provide centralized optical surface areas 48 corresponding to the locus of each of the wearer's eyes, and a large critical area of vision area 50 to further accommodate the wearer. Finally, the non-critical area of vision 52 and the area outside of vision 54 are lessened by this choice of boundary values to produce a visor 10 well adapted to a wearer's vision requirements.
  • the boundaries of the areas in Figure 2 are illustrative only, and do not relate in any obvious way to the junctions of the variously curved areas over the surface of the visor.
  • the surface is in fact made up of 15 separate areas (5 horizontal ⁇ 3 vertical), each a quadric, joined along 4 horizontal and two vertical junctions.
  • these paraboloidal areas comprise rectangles encompassing the regions 48, and extending downwardly therefrom to the lower edge of the visor.
  • visor device of the invention may be constructed of any transparent material which has an inner surface with significant reflectivity and has sufficient transmissivity to allow the visor to function as a "combining glass" within the limits of light source and ambient light intensities, a preferred reflective coating scheme will now be described.
  • an optical visor 100 constructed in accordance with the previously described embodiment, may be used either by itself or associated with a sun visor 102.
  • the sun visor 102 may be mounted on the same helmet as the visor 100 and may be manually added or removed as required or desired by the helmet wearer for such situations as night flight or sun glare.
  • the visor 100 is preferably constructed of a clear material such as an acrylic or polycarbonate plastic.
  • the sun visor 102 may be constructed of a material similar to that of the visor 100, but having a tint that provides a transmissivity of about 15 percent of ambient light.
  • Broad band anti-reflection coatings 104 are deposited on the inner and outer surfaces 106, 108 of the sun visor 102 and on the outer surface 110 of the visor 100.
  • a narrow-band reflective coating 112 that has about 30 percent reflectivity at the projection wavelength of the optics and CRT system employed with optical visor 100, is deposited on the inner surface 114 of the visor 100.
  • the optical or clear visor 100 has a tuned reflective coating 112 deposited on its inner surface 114 that is designed to maximize reflectance of a projected CRT/Optics system 116 phosphor colour while at the same time minimizing colour subtracted from the outside world.
  • the anti-reflective coatings are effective to minimize ghost-images of all kinds, such as, CRT symbology, "sun balls", instrument panel lighting, etc.
  • the thickness of the optical visor 100 is determined not by reflectivity or transmissivity considerations, but by the impact protection requirements of the wearer.
  • See-through distortion correction of the optical visor 100 is preferably accomplished by forming the outer surface 110 of the optical visor 100 into a shape that is substantially a replica of the inner surface 114 of optical visor 100 as described above.
  • the preferred method for fabricating a visor for mounting on a helmet adapted to be worn by an individual includes the steps of first establishing an orthogonal coordinate system of spatial reference having its origin located on an inner concave surface of the desired visor and its z-axis parallel to the line of sight of the individual intended to be wearing the helmet. Next, one must generate a solution set of values for the multi-variable function defined by the following system with respect to the orthogonal coordinate system of spatial reference previously established:
  • the solution set of values is preferably stored in a form and a medium adapted for use in a numerically controlled manufacturing system.
  • the numerically controlled manufacturing system can be utilized to produce a mould useful in injection moulding.
  • Injection moulding includes forming a generally flat acrylic or polycarbonate plastic sheet into the visor by such known processes as heat forming and vacuum forming of the sheet in the mould.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Ein Sichtanzeigeschirm (10) für eine am Kopf tragbare Anzeige, bei der diejenigen Bereiche der inneren Schirmoberfläche (16), die direkt vor den Augen eines Trägers des Sichtanzeigeschirms positioniert werden können, ein erstes bzw. zweites Paraboloid definieren, wobei die Paraboloide voneinander beabstandete Achsen aufweisen, wobei der Sichtanzeigeschirm dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die beiden Bereiche in einen konkaven Zwischenbereich der Oberfläche (16), wie sie von der Trägerseite gesehen wird, übergehen.
  2. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach Anspruch 1, wobei die beiden Bereiche in einen Zwischenbereich übergehen, der in horizontalem Schnitt im wesentlichen kreisförmig ist.
  3. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die beiden Bereiche jeweils in erste und zweite Seitenbereiche, die in horizontalem Schnitt im wesentlichen elliptisch sind, auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Schirms übergehen.
  4. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2 oder Anspruch 3, wobei die beiden Bereiche an der unteren Kante des Sichtanzeigeschirms angeordnet sind.
  5. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bereiche jeweils in erste bzw. zweite obere Bereiche, die in vertikalem Schnitt im wesentlichen kreisförmig sind, oberhalb der genannten Bereiche übergehen.
  6. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach Anspruch 5, wobei die ersten und zweiten oberen Bereiche in horizontalem Schnitt im wesentlichen parabolisch sind.
  7. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die äußere Schirmoberfläche so geformt ist, daß sie im wesentlichen ein Abbild der inneren Oberfläche (16) ist.
  8. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die innere Oberfläche (16) des Sichtanzeigeschirms eine schmalbandige darauf aufgebrachte Reflektionsbeschichtung mit etwa 30 % Reflektionsvermögen bei einer bilddarstellenden Wellenlänge und eine breitbandige auf der äußeren Oberfläche aufgebrachte Antireflektionsbeschichtung aufweist.
  9. Sichtanzeigeschirm nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Schirmdicke im wesentlichen im Bereich von 1,3 bis 3,8 mm (0,05 bis 0,15 Inch) liegt.
  10. Am Kopf tragbare Anzeigeeinrichtung mit einer Kopfbedeckung, die geeignet ist, von einer Person getragen zu werden, mit einer Bildprojektionseinrichtung und einem Bilddarstellungsschirm, der einen Schirm (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist.
  11. Am Kopf tragbare Anzeigeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 10, die weiterhin einen an der Kopfbedeckung befestigten Sonnenschirm aufweist, der wahlweise den Sichtanzeigeschirm (10) bedecken kann.
  12. Am Kopf tragbare Anzeigeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Sonnenschirm eine breitbandige auf der inneren und äußeren Fläche aufgebrachte Antireflektionsbeschichtung aufweist.
  13. Am Kopf tragbare Anzeigeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, wobei der Sonnenschirm aus einem Werkstoff ausgebildet ist, der eine Durchlässigkeit von im wesentlichen 15 % für das Umgebungslicht aufweist.
  14. Am Kopf tragbare Anzeigeeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, wobei die Bildprojektionseinrichtung eine Kathodenstrahlröhre ist.
  15. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sichtanzeigeschirms für eine am Kopf tragbare Anzeigeeinrichtung, welches folgende Schritte umfaßt: (a) Definieren der gewünschten Form der Schirmfläche durch eine Funktion mit mehreren Variablen; (b) Erzeugen eines Lösungssatzes von Werten für die Funktion; (c) Speichern des Lösungswertesatzes in einer Form und einem Medium, die eine Verwendung in einem numerisch gesteuerten Herstellungsystem erlauben; (d) Verwendung einer Anlage eines numerisch gesteuerten Herstellungssystems, das durch den gespeicherten Lösungswertesatz gesteuert wird, zur Herstellung einer Form aus einem Werkstoffrohling, der auf wenigstens einer seiner Oberflächen einer räumlichen Wiedergabe des Lösungswertesatzes entspricht, wobei die räumliche Darstellung erste bzw. zweite im wesentlichen parabolische Bereiche mit voneinander beabstandeten Achsen definiert, die direkt vor den Augen des Trägers der Kopfbedeckung angeordnet werden können, wobei die beiden Bereiche in einen von der Trägerseite aus gesehen konkaven Zwischenbereich übergehen; und (e) Formen einer Platte aus biegsamen Material in der Form, um den Sichtanzeigeschirm herzustellen.
  16. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sichtanzeigeschirms nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Formen der Platte zum Sichtanzeigeschirm die Wärmeverformung der Platte in der Form umfaßt.
  17. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sichtanzeigeschirms nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Formen der Platte zum Sichtanzeigeschirm das Vakuumformen des Blattes in der Gießform umfaßt.
  18. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sichtanzeigeschirms nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Formen der Platte zum Sichtanzeigeschirm das Spritzgießen des Blattes zwischen den beiden Teilen der Gießform umfaßt.
  19. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sichtanzeigeschirms nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, wobei die genannte Funktion im wesentlichen folgendermaßen oder in einem anderen Koordinatensystem äquivalent dazu lautet:
    Figure imgb0016
EP87309476A 1986-10-27 1987-10-27 Am Kopf schwenkbarer Sichtanzeigeschirm Expired EP0269259B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/923,285 US4755023A (en) 1986-10-27 1986-10-27 Headgear mounted display visor
US923285 1986-10-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0269259A1 EP0269259A1 (de) 1988-06-01
EP0269259B1 true EP0269259B1 (de) 1992-06-03

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EP87309476A Expired EP0269259B1 (de) 1986-10-27 1987-10-27 Am Kopf schwenkbarer Sichtanzeigeschirm

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4755023A (de)
EP (1) EP0269259B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63177108A (de)
CA (1) CA1295090C (de)
DE (1) DE3779577T2 (de)
IL (1) IL84018A (de)

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US7196849B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2007-03-27 Optical Research Associates Apparatus and methods for illuminating optical systems
US7206133B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2007-04-17 Optical Research Associates Light distribution apparatus and methods for illuminating optical systems
US7230766B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2007-06-12 Optical Research Associates Optical combiner designs and head mounted displays
US7360899B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2008-04-22 Optical Research Associates Beamsplitting structures and methods in optical systems
US7542209B2 (en) 2004-09-01 2009-06-02 Optical Research Associates Compact head mounted display devices with tilted/decentered lens element
US7450310B2 (en) 2005-05-03 2008-11-11 Optical Research Associates Head mounted display devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63177108A (ja) 1988-07-21
DE3779577T2 (de) 1992-12-24
EP0269259A1 (de) 1988-06-01
IL84018A (en) 1993-01-31
DE3779577D1 (de) 1992-07-09
US4755023A (en) 1988-07-05
CA1295090C (en) 1992-02-04

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