EP0268959A1 - Travelling-wave tube with PPM focusing - Google Patents

Travelling-wave tube with PPM focusing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268959A1
EP0268959A1 EP87116818A EP87116818A EP0268959A1 EP 0268959 A1 EP0268959 A1 EP 0268959A1 EP 87116818 A EP87116818 A EP 87116818A EP 87116818 A EP87116818 A EP 87116818A EP 0268959 A1 EP0268959 A1 EP 0268959A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wave tube
permanent magnet
traveling wave
magnet system
tube according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87116818A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0268959B1 (en
Inventor
Gerit Ing. grad. Böhme
Hermann Turnwald
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0268959A1 publication Critical patent/EP0268959A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0268959B1 publication Critical patent/EP0268959B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/12—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/087—Magnetic focusing arrangements
    • H01J23/0873—Magnetic focusing arrangements with at least one axial-field reversal along the interaction space, e.g. P.P.M. focusing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a traveling wave tube according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a traveling wave tube with such a permanent magnet system is known from DE-PS 32 16 250.
  • This system is also called PPM focusing (P eriodisch- p ermanent m agneticians focusing).
  • PPM focusing P eriodisch- p ermanent m agneticians focusing
  • pole disks were used, which are centered with a certain play on the vacuum envelope of the traveling wave tube.
  • both the ring magnets and the pole disks had to maintain extreme parallelism.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid these disadvantages and to create a temperature shock-insensitive position and position assurance for the focusing elements of a traveling wave tube, which works reliably even with extreme temperature fluctuations, especially in a range from about -60 ° C to + 95 ° C. .
  • the advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that the previously known fastening of the focusing elements is replaced by an adhesive which consists of a mixture of an epoxy resin with adhesive properties and glass fibers, preferably glass silk fibers, contained therein in an unaligned position and on the periphery of the permanent magnet system is applied.
  • Special epoxy resins with adhesive properties are, for example, under the trade name Araldite available.
  • the glass silk fiber content added to the epoxy resin with adhesive properties is approximately 15% by weight and the cutting length of the glass silk fibers prepared for wetting with epoxy resin is approximately 3.5 mm. The thermal expansion of the mixture is much closer to that of the focusing system.
  • the epoxy resin (araldite)
  • the non-directional position of the glass silk fibers contained in the bond applied to the permanent magnet system has such a strength that forces which act on the focusing system due to thermal stresses are uniformly transmitted to all elements of the focusing system by the elasticity, without spontaneous crack formation occurring .
  • the glass silk fibers that are not strictly in a defined direction are the cause of these favorable elastic properties. Defined aligned glass silk fibers, on the other hand, can lead to radial crack formation.
  • the figure shows a traveling wave tube according to the invention schematically partially in section.
  • the traveling wave tube essentially consists of a cylindrical vacuum envelope 4 surrounding a delay line, which is tightly enclosed by a permanent magnet system.
  • the permanent magnet system consists of annular pole disks 1 and magnetic rings 2 arranged between them and alternately polarized in opposite directions in the axial direction.
  • the permanent magnet system is inserted into a metallic outer shell 6.
  • the outer shell is made of aluminum, for example.
  • the vacuum envelope 4 as well as the delay line located therein are made of copper, for example.
  • the pole disks 1 have projections on both sides in the region of their transition to the vacuum envelope 4, so that their cross section is T-shaped.
  • the permanent magnet system 1, 2 is glued to its outer surface.
  • the adhesive 3 applied in the form of a layer on the outer lateral surface consists of a mixture of an epoxy resin with adhesive properties (araldite) and glass fibers, preferably glass silk fibers, provided therein in an unaligned position.
  • the adhesive bond 3 is coated with a layer 5 of heat-insulating material as a heat insulation layer. The entire system is closed on one side by an RF coupling-in waveguide 9 and an electron gun 7 and on the other side by an RF coupling-out waveguide 10 and a collector 8.

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  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a travelling wave tube with a cylindrical vacuum sleeve (4), surrounding a delay line, which is closely surrounded by a permanent magnet system (1, 2), consisting of annular pole discs (1) and magnet rings (2) which are arranged in each case between the pole discs (1) and are polarised alternately in the opposite sense in the axial direction, the permanent magnet system (1, 2) being inserted in a positively locking manner in an outer sleeve (6). It is intended to produce a means of securing the position of the focusing elements in this travelling wave tube which is resistant to temperature shocks. To this end, the invention provides that the permanent magnet system (1, 2) is bonded on its external jacket surface and that the bonding (3) consists of a mixture of an epoxy resin with adhesive properties and randomly positioned glass fibres provided therein. The travelling wave tube according to the invention is used in the case of extreme temperature fluctuations, particularly in the region from -60 DEG C to +95 DEG C. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Wanderfeldröhre nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a traveling wave tube according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine Wanderfeldröhre mit einem derartigen Permanentmagnetsystem ist aus der DE-PS 32 16 250 bekannt.A traveling wave tube with such a permanent magnet system is known from DE-PS 32 16 250.

Dieses System wird auch PPM-Fokussiersystem (Periodisch-perma­nentmagnetisches Fokussiersystem) genannt. Bei den bisher be­kannten PPM-Systemen wurden Polscheiben verwendet, die mit einem gewissen Spiel auf der Vakuumhülle der Wanderfeldröhre zentriert sind. Gleichzeitig mußte sowohl von den Ringmagneten als auch den Polscheiben eine extreme Parallelität eingehalten werden.This system is also called PPM focusing (P eriodisch- p ermanent m agnetisches focusing). In the previously known PPM systems, pole disks were used, which are centered with a certain play on the vacuum envelope of the traveling wave tube. At the same time, both the ring magnets and the pole disks had to maintain extreme parallelism.

Dieses System bereitet Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich der Abgleich­funktion. Es besteht nämlich bei einem PPM-Fokussiersystem für Wanderfeldröhren das Problem, eine Reihe von alternierenden Ma­gnetfeldern zu erzeugen, welche auf der Röhre leicht abgleich­bar sind. Trotzdem muß ein stabiles Verhalten des gesamten me­chanischen Aufbaues gewährleistet sein, auch bei starker thermi­scher Belastung, und zwar sowohl Dauer- als auch Wechselbela­stung. Auch die bisherige Stecktechnik weist Probleme mit den Passungstoleranzen auf.
Um ein stabiles PPM-Fokussiersystem zu schaffen, ist es aus der DE-PS 32 16 250 bekannt, die Polscheiben mit entsprechenden Distanzringen aus nichtmagnetischem Material zu einer festen, stabilen Einheit zu verlöten.This system creates difficulties with the matching function. The problem with a PPM focusing system for traveling wave tubes is that of generating a series of alternating magnetic fields which can be easily adjusted on the tube. Nevertheless, a stable behavior of the entire mechanical structure must be guaranteed, even with strong thermal loads, both permanent and alternating loads. The previous plug-in technology also has problems with the fit tolerances.
In order to create a stable PPM focusing system, it is known from DE-PS 32 16 250 to solder the pole disks with corresponding spacer rings made of non-magnetic material to form a firm, stable unit.

Es ist weiterhin bekannt, ein PPM-Fokussiersystem zu verkleben. Dabei tritt jedoch das Problem auf, daß die Röhrenfokussierung versagen kann, und zwar durch undefinierte Spaltbildung zwi­schen Magneten und Polschuhen hervorgerufen durch schockartige Temperaturänderung in der Größenordnung von 150°C. Eine derar­tig krasse Temperaturänderung ist jedoch bei Wanderfeldröhren, wie sie beispielsweise zum Einsatz unter Weltraumbedingungen benötigt werden, praktisch nicht oder nur mit hohem technischen Aufwand umgänglich. Durch den Temperaturschock ist ein Unbrauch­barwerden der Wanderfeldröhre möglich. Ursache ist eine sponta­ne Radialrißbildung in der Verbindung bzw. Verklebung des Fokus­siersystems an Stellen geringster Festigkeit, hervorgerufen durch zu große Unterschiede in der thermischen Ausdehnung ver­schiedener Materialien. Dieses Problem tritt insbesondere des­halb auf, weil das Magnetsystem aus einer Vielzahl von Magneten und Polschuhen, beispielsweise 45 Magneten und 46 Polschuhen, besteht, die beweglich auf der Verzögerungsleitung montiert sind.It is also known to glue a PPM focusing system. However, there arises the problem that the tube focusing can fail due to undefined gap formation between magnets and pole pieces caused by shock-like Temperature change in the order of 150 ° C. Such a blatant change in temperature is, however, practically unavoidable in traveling wave tubes, such as are required, for example, for use under space conditions, or only with great technical effort. The temperature shock makes the traveling wave tube unusable. The cause is a spontaneous radial crack formation in the connection or bonding of the focusing system at points of lowest strength, caused by too large differences in the thermal expansion of different materials. This problem occurs in particular because the magnet system consists of a large number of magnets and pole pieces, for example 45 magnets and 46 pole pieces, which are movably mounted on the delay line.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine temperaturschockunempfindliche Lage- und Positionssicherung für die Fokussierungselemente einer Wander­feldröhre zu schaffen, die auch bei extremen Temperaturschwan­kungen, insbesondere in einem Bereich von etwa -60°C bis +95°C, zuverlässig arbeitet.The invention has for its object to avoid these disadvantages and to create a temperature shock-insensitive position and position assurance for the focusing elements of a traveling wave tube, which works reliably even with extreme temperature fluctuations, especially in a range from about -60 ° C to + 95 ° C. .

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Wanderfeldröhre der eingangs ge­nannten Art erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention in a traveling wave tube of the type mentioned at the outset by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen bzw. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand zusätzlicher Ansprüche 2 bis 5.Advantageous refinements or developments of the invention are the subject of additional claims 2 to 5.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß die bisher bekannte Befestigung der Fokussierungs­elemente durch eine Verklebung ersetzt wird, die aus einer Mi­schung aus einem Epoxidharz mit Klebstoffeigenschaften und darin in unausgerichteter Lage enthaltenen Glasfasern, vorzugsweise Glasseidenfasern, besteht und auf der Peripherie des Permanent­magnetsystems aufgebracht ist. Spezielle Epoxidharze mit Kleb­stoffeigenschaften sind beispielsweise unter dem Handelsnamen Araldit erhältlich. Vorzugsweise beträgt der dem Epoxidharz mit Klebstoffeigenschaften beigemengte Glasseidenfaseranteil unge­fähr 15Gew% und die Schnittlänge der zur Benetzung mit Epoxid­harz präparierten Glasseidenfasern ungefähr 3,5mm.
Die thermische Ausdehnung der Mischung liegt wesentlich näher an der Ausdehnung des Fokussierungssystems. Bei der Auswahl des Epoxidharzes (Araldit) ist es zweckmäßig, eines solcher Zusam­mensetzung auszuwählen, dessen Elastizität bei tiefen Tempera­turen möglichst groß ist.
Die nicht gerichtete Lage der in der auf das Permanentmagnetsy­stem aufgebrachten Verklebung enthaltenen Glasseidenfasern hat eine solche Festigkeit zur Folge, daß Kräfte, die durch thermi­sche Spannungen auf das Fokussierungssystem wirken, durch die Elastizität gleichmäßig auf alle Elemente des Fokussierungssy­stems übertragen werden, ohne daß spontane Rißbildung auftritt. Die nicht strikt in definierter Richtung liegenden Glasseiden­fasern sind Ursache dieser günstigen elastischen Eigenschaften. Definiert ausgerichtete Glasseidenfasern hingegen können zur Radialrißbildung führen.The advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that the previously known fastening of the focusing elements is replaced by an adhesive which consists of a mixture of an epoxy resin with adhesive properties and glass fibers, preferably glass silk fibers, contained therein in an unaligned position and on the periphery of the permanent magnet system is applied. Special epoxy resins with adhesive properties are, for example, under the trade name Araldite available. Preferably, the glass silk fiber content added to the epoxy resin with adhesive properties is approximately 15% by weight and the cutting length of the glass silk fibers prepared for wetting with epoxy resin is approximately 3.5 mm.
The thermal expansion of the mixture is much closer to that of the focusing system. When choosing the epoxy resin (araldite), it is advisable to choose a composition whose elasticity is as great as possible at low temperatures.
The non-directional position of the glass silk fibers contained in the bond applied to the permanent magnet system has such a strength that forces which act on the focusing system due to thermal stresses are uniformly transmitted to all elements of the focusing system by the elasticity, without spontaneous crack formation occurring . The glass silk fibers that are not strictly in a defined direction are the cause of these favorable elastic properties. Defined aligned glass silk fibers, on the other hand, can lead to radial crack formation.

Zur weiteren Minderung des Thermoschocks ist es vorteilhaft, das Glasseidenfaser-Epoxidharz (Araldit)-Gemisch nach Aushärtung mit einem wärmeisolierenden Material, z.B. Silikongummi, zu umman­teln. Mit dieser Maßnahme kann der effektiv wirksame Temperatur­bereich noch erweitert werden.To further reduce the thermal shock, it is advantageous to mix the fiberglass-epoxy resin (araldite) mixture with a heat-insulating material, e.g. Silicone rubber, to encase. With this measure, the effectively effective temperature range can be expanded.

Anhand eines in der Figur der Zeichnung dargestellten, bevorzug­ten Ausführungsbeispiels wird die Erfindung weiter erläutert. Teile, die nicht unbedingt zum Verständnis der Erfindung beitra­gen, sind in der Figur unbezeichnet oder weggelassen.The invention is further explained on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment shown in the figure of the drawing. Parts which do not necessarily contribute to an understanding of the invention are not shown in the figure or are omitted.

Die Figur zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Wanderfeldröhre schema­tisch teilweise im Schnitt.The figure shows a traveling wave tube according to the invention schematically partially in section.

Die Wanderfeldröhre besteht im wesentlichen aus einer zylinder­förmigen, eine Verzögerungsleitung umgebenden Vakuumhülle 4, die von einem Permanentmagnetsystem dicht umschlossen ist. Das Permanentmagnetsystem besteht aus ringförmigen Polscheiben 1 und jeweils zwischen diesen angeordneten, in axialer Richtung abwechselnd gegensinnig polarisierten Magnetringen 2. Das Per­manentmagnetsystem ist in eine metallische Außenhülle 6 einge­fügt. Die Außenhülle besteht beispielsweise aus Aluminium. Die Vakuumhülle 4 wie auch die darin befindliche Verzögerungslei­tung bestehen beispielsweise aus Kupfer. Die Polscheiben 1 wei­sen in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich ihres Überganges auf die Vakuumhülle 4 beidseitig Vorsprünge auf, so daß sie in ihrem Querschnitt T-förmig sind. Das Permanentmagnetsystem 1, 2 ist an seiner Außenmantelfläche verklebt. Die in Form einer Schicht auf die Außenmantelfläche (Peripherie) aufgebrachte Ver­klebung 3 besteht aus einer Mischung aus einem Epoxidharz mit Klebstoffeigenschaften (Araldit) und darin in unausgerichteter Lage vorgesehenen Glasfasern, vorzugsweise Glasseidenfasern. Die Verklebung 3 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Schicht 5 aus wärmeisolierendem Material als Wärmedämmschicht ummantelt. Das gesamte System ist auf der einen Seite durch einen HF-Einkoppelhohlleiter 9 und eine Elektronenkanone 7 und auf der anderen Seite durch einen HF-Auskoppelhohlleiter 10 und einen Kollektor 8 abgeschlossen.The traveling wave tube essentially consists of a cylindrical vacuum envelope 4 surrounding a delay line, which is tightly enclosed by a permanent magnet system. The permanent magnet system consists of annular pole disks 1 and magnetic rings 2 arranged between them and alternately polarized in opposite directions in the axial direction. The permanent magnet system is inserted into a metallic outer shell 6. The outer shell is made of aluminum, for example. The vacuum envelope 4 as well as the delay line located therein are made of copper, for example. In this exemplary embodiment, the pole disks 1 have projections on both sides in the region of their transition to the vacuum envelope 4, so that their cross section is T-shaped. The permanent magnet system 1, 2 is glued to its outer surface. The adhesive 3 applied in the form of a layer on the outer lateral surface (periphery) consists of a mixture of an epoxy resin with adhesive properties (araldite) and glass fibers, preferably glass silk fibers, provided therein in an unaligned position. In this exemplary embodiment, the adhesive bond 3 is coated with a layer 5 of heat-insulating material as a heat insulation layer. The entire system is closed on one side by an RF coupling-in waveguide 9 and an electron gun 7 and on the other side by an RF coupling-out waveguide 10 and a collector 8.

Claims (5)

1. Wanderfeldröhre mit einer zylinderförmigen, eine Verzöge­rungsleitung umgebenden Vakuumhülle, die von einem Permanentma­gnetsystem aus ringförmigen Polscheiben und jeweils zwischen diesen angeordneten, in axialer Richtung abwechselnd gegensinnig polarisierten Magnetringen dicht umschlossen ist, das in eine Außenhülle formschlüssig eingefügt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Permanentmagnetsystem (1, 2) an seiner Außenmantelfläche verklebt ist und daß die Ver­klebung (3) aus einer Mischung aus einem Epoxidharz mit Kleb­stoffeigenschaften und darin in unausgerichteter Lage vorgesehe­nen Glasfasern besteht.1. traveling wave tube with a cylindrical, a delay line surrounding vacuum envelope, which is tightly enclosed by a permanent magnet system made of annular pole disks and each arranged between them, alternately polarized in the axial direction polarized magnetic rings, which is inserted in a positive manner in an outer shell, characterized in that the permanent magnet system (1, 2) is glued to its outer surface and that the glue (3) consists of a mixture of an epoxy resin with adhesive properties and glass fibers provided in an unaligned position therein. 2. Wanderfeldröhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß für die Verklebung (3) Glasseidenfasern als Glasfasern vorgesehen sind.2. traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that for the adhesive (3) glass fiber fibers are provided as glass fibers. 3. Wanderfeldröhre nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mischungsanteil der für die Verklebung (3) vorgesehenen Glasseidenfasern ungefähr 15Gew% beträgt.3. traveling wave tube according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixture proportion of the glass fiber fibers provided for the bonding (3) is approximately 15% by weight. 4. Wanderfeldröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schnittlänge der Glassei­denfasern ungefähr 3,5mm beträgt.4. traveling wave tube according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cutting length of the glass fiber fibers is approximately 3.5 mm. 5. Wanderfeldröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verklebung (3) mit einer Schicht (5) aus wärmeisolierendem Material ummantelt ist.5. traveling wave tube according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adhesive bond (3) with a layer (5) is covered by heat-insulating material.
EP87116818A 1986-11-26 1987-11-13 Travelling-wave tube with ppm focusing Expired - Lifetime EP0268959B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3640332 1986-11-26
DE3640332 1986-11-26

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EP0268959A1 true EP0268959A1 (en) 1988-06-01
EP0268959B1 EP0268959B1 (en) 1991-04-17

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EP87116818A Expired - Lifetime EP0268959B1 (en) 1986-11-26 1987-11-13 Travelling-wave tube with ppm focusing

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4942336A (en) * 1988-04-18 1990-07-17 Kurt Amboss Traveling-wave tube with confined-flow periodic permanent magnet focusing
CN100426444C (en) * 2004-04-09 2008-10-15 中国科学院电子学研究所 Composite casing of travelling-wave tube
WO2006124741A2 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Non-axisymmetric periodic permanent magnet focusing system
CN106628243B (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-11-27 北京卫星环境工程研究所 Thermal noise pilot system based on travelling-wave tubes heats window
CN110600352B (en) * 2019-09-16 2020-09-25 电子科技大学 Electron optical system suitable for ribbon beam traveling wave tube

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US3227913A (en) * 1961-07-13 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Beam tube and circuitry therefor
DE1541060A1 (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-10-16 Siemens Ag Permanent magnet system to generate a magnetic longitudinal field for the bundled guidance of the electron beam of a travel time tube
US4104559A (en) * 1976-11-01 1978-08-01 Microwave Associates, Inc. Isopolar magnetron supported with rigid insulation in a remote housing
DE3433718A1 (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-03-27 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Travelling wave tube

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JPS5580851U (en) * 1978-11-29 1980-06-04
DE3216250C2 (en) * 1982-04-30 1985-04-25 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Traveling wave tube with periodic permanent magnetic focusing system
US4712293A (en) * 1986-11-28 1987-12-15 Hughes Aircraft Company Method for securing a slow-wave structure in enveloping structure with crimped spacers

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US3227913A (en) * 1961-07-13 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Beam tube and circuitry therefor
DE1541060A1 (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-10-16 Siemens Ag Permanent magnet system to generate a magnetic longitudinal field for the bundled guidance of the electron beam of a travel time tube
US4104559A (en) * 1976-11-01 1978-08-01 Microwave Associates, Inc. Isopolar magnetron supported with rigid insulation in a remote housing
DE3433718A1 (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-03-27 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Travelling wave tube

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
FREQUENZ, Band 35, Nr. 6, Juni 1981, Seiten 155-162, Berlin, DE; G. SAULICH: "Hochfrequenzbauteile aus kohlefaserverstärktem Kunststoff für Satelliten-Nutzlasten" *

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US4820955A (en) 1989-04-11
DE3769438D1 (en) 1991-05-23
EP0268959B1 (en) 1991-04-17

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