EP0268026B2 - Procedure for regenerating particle filters - Google Patents

Procedure for regenerating particle filters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268026B2
EP0268026B2 EP87112215A EP87112215A EP0268026B2 EP 0268026 B2 EP0268026 B2 EP 0268026B2 EP 87112215 A EP87112215 A EP 87112215A EP 87112215 A EP87112215 A EP 87112215A EP 0268026 B2 EP0268026 B2 EP 0268026B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
burner
nozzle
exhaust
scavenging
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EP87112215A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0268026A1 (en
EP0268026B1 (en
Inventor
Josef Ing. Schurrer
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Kreutmair
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MT Aerospace AG
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MAN Technologie AG
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Application filed by MAN Technologie AG filed Critical MAN Technologie AG
Priority to AT87112215T priority Critical patent/ATE57248T1/en
Priority to JP62275560A priority patent/JP2608296B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1493—Purging the reducing agent out of the conduits or nozzle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regenerating particle filters for exhaust gases from internal combustion engines by means of a burner with an oil atomizing nozzle and two air supply devices which can be supplied with air independently of one another, wherein an air supply device is an air duct provided on the nozzle head of the oil atomizing nozzle and the second air supply device for the same Combustion air is used, purging air being fed into the burner chamber during the breaks in operation of the burner and during the operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • a device is known from US Pat. No. 4,581,891 in which the oil atomizing nozzle is arranged within a housing which can be flushed with the combustion air and which is branched off from the exhaust pipe.
  • An orifice separates the space on the nozzle side of the housing from the space in the housing which is connected to the exhaust pipe.
  • the orifice and the combustion air flowing around the nozzle prevent the exhaust gases from reaching the nozzle opening during operation of the burner.
  • deposits will form on the nozzle during the breaks in operation of the burner, since here the exhaust gas passes through the orifice unimpeded to the nozzle.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with which the contamination of the burner nozzle and the combustion chamber can be prevented.
  • the exhaust gases can be successfully kept away from the area of the nozzle opening during the entire operation of the internal combustion engine by the purge air flowing from the separate purge air source during the pauses in operation of the burner.
  • the nozzle opening can be continuously flushed, in particular during the breaks in operation of the burner, and the entire combustion chamber of the burner and its surroundings can also be kept free of deposits from the exhaust gases.
  • the burner areas can also be cooled and, in particular, dried. Aggressive media from condensate, which can form from exhaust gases, are thus removed.
  • the removal of condensate can advantageously be supported by means of suction channels.
  • the suction channels are arranged so that either a suction effect of the purge air is used or the channel opens into areas of different pressure, with one end of the suction channel being located at a point at which condensate collects.
  • the burner area which is kept dry and clean in this way, is particularly suitable as a measuring point for a sensor, e.g. B. for measuring the back pressure caused by the particle filter in the exhaust system.
  • the purge air duct is preferably provided with a throttle point which is arranged as close as possible to the oil atomizing nozzle in order to avoid a reversal of the flow which could be caused by brief pressure increases in the exhaust gas duct. It is important that the space of the purge air duct in the flow direction after the throttle point, that is, the space that surrounds the nozzle opening and faces the exhaust gas, is as small as possible.
  • the combustion air for the internal combustion engine can be used as the purge air source.
  • the purge air duct should preferably be supplied with compressed air of around 6 bar in order to increase the cleaning effect of the entire burner.
  • the compressed air brake system can expediently be used for this.
  • a dryer is provided between the compressor and the pressure vessel, so that this dry compressed air of 6-7 bar is particularly suitable, the burner and its surroundings in exhaust systems of condensate, the dissolved therein to keep aggressive media and particle deposits free. This largely eliminates the impairment of immovable, for example sensors, and moving components, such as valves, throttle valves, by corrosive substances. The service life and functionality of the exhaust system and the burner are thus significantly improved.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment is shown schematically in the drawing, FIG. 1 showing the arrangement of a burner in the exhaust system and FIG. 2 the oil atomizing nozzle of the burner.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exhaust duct 10 of an internal combustion engine, not shown, in which a particle filter 11 is arranged.
  • the combustion chamber 46 of a burner 20 opens, which is equipped with an oil atomizing nozzle 34 and a mixing tube 24.
  • the burner system for regeneration of the filter 11 is designed so that the exhaust gases 13 can be used as combustion air for the burner 20 and as an oxygen-containing gas.
  • an expansion space 80 is provided which is surrounded by a housing 81, into which an inlet connection 70 for the exhaust gas 13 projects and which contains at least the hot part of the burner 20.
  • the exhaust gases 13 are led into the filter 11 via the main exhaust gas line 10, in that a main flap 82 releases the exhaust pipe 10, while a secondary flap 83 blocks the inlet connection 70 branching off from the exhaust pipe 10. Both flaps 82, 83 can be operated by the driver via a suitable mechanism 84.
  • the internal combustion engine of the vehicle is operated at idle, the main flap 82 is closed and the secondary flap 83 is opened.
  • the oxygen-containing exhaust gases 13 that arise during idling flow through the inlet connection 70 into the expansion space 80.
  • the fuel supply 29 to the burner 20 is released.
  • the fuel emerging from the nozzle 34 mixes with the partial flow of the exhaust gas 13 flowing in from the expansion tank.
  • the mixing tube 24 is arranged such that the combustion gases 23 are sucked back into the mixing tube 24 from the combustion chamber 46 via an annular cylindrical recirculation space 75.
  • the fuel 29 is heated and evaporated by the recirculating combustion gases 86 and mixed with these and the exhaust gas 13 to form a completely combustible gas which is ignited with an ignition device 85 and burns completely in the combustion zone 46 within the flame tube 47.
  • the burner 20 or the flame tube 47 is surrounded by a flow tube 71 which contains openings 72 through which the exhaust gases 13 partially reach the outlet of the flame tube 47 from the expansion space 80.
  • the exhaust gas entering here thus mixes with the hot gas 23 emerging from the flame tube 47.
  • the hot gas is brought to lower temperatures with the cooler exhaust gases 23 and, on the other hand, the oxygen in the hot gas 23 is enriched.
  • the hot gas 53 cooled in this way and mixed with oxygen then flows in the flow direction of the main exhaust gases 13 after the main flap 82 into the exhaust pipe 10 in order to get into the filter 11 from there.
  • the exhaust gas 13 can simultaneously be used to cool the flame tube 47 by providing corresponding openings 72 in the area of the flame tube 47 as well.
  • the exhaust gases 13 flow directly to the filter 11 in the exhaust pipe.
  • a purge air channel is provided on the nozzle head 30, which is explained in more detail in connection with FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail from FIG. 1, namely the oil atomizing nozzle 34.
  • the oil atomizing nozzle 34 consists of a nozzle assembly 31 which carries the actual nozzle or the nozzle head 30.
  • the oil atomizing nozzle 34 is surrounded by a casing 44, which forms an annular space 32 in the region of the nozzle head 30, which contains a throttle point 40 and is connected via an opening 35 in the casing 44 to a purge air source (not shown).
  • a purge air flow 33 is introduced into the purge air channel 32 through the opening 35, whereby it flows into the mixing tube 39, grazing the nozzle head 30 in front of the nozzle opening 36, through the orifice 37 for the combustion air 38.
  • This purge air flow 33 prevents the con clocks combustion gases with the nozzle head 30 and thus always keeps the nozzle opening 56 free of contamination.
  • the throttle point 40 is as close as possible to the nozzle opening, preferably immediately in front of the nozzle opening 36 (not shown), in order to keep the space between the throttle point and the outlet from the environment as small as possible.
  • a pressure peak on the exhaust gas side will then have no space to penetrate into the purge air channel 32 against the purge air, since the purge air can only be compressed slightly in accordance with the small space. This effect can also be achieved by the capillary-like design of the purge air channel end in the vicinity of the nozzle opening.
  • a purge air jet brushes the nozzle opening 56 and the propagation of a pressure wave from the exhaust system to the nozzle opening is prevented.
  • a tubular channel is conceivable, which opens laterally at the nozzle opening, for example into an annular space, which has a small diameter and surrounds the nozzle opening.
  • the combustion air for the internal combustion engine can be used as the purge air source, but the purge air should be biased to about 1.5 times the exhaust gas pressure in order to avoid backflows.
  • compressed air generated by means of a compressor or the like is used as purge air.
  • this requires additional equipment, the compressed air's preserving effect offsets the additional expenditure.
  • dry compressed air which flows continuously through the burner and parts of the exhaust system during the breaks in operation, these components are largely kept free of residues from the exhaust gases, which increases the functionality and the service life of the system.
  • the purge air flow 33 also cools the oil atomizing nozzle 31 and can be switched on whenever the associated internal combustion engine is in operation.
  • the purge air flow can also be used to extract the condensate via suitably arranged suction pipes.
  • suction pipes 50 and 51 are shown in FIG.
  • suction pipe 50 which connects the expansion chamber 80 to the combustion chamber 46 of the burner 20
  • condensate is suctioned off due to the differential pressure prevailing in the two rooms and collects at the bottom of the housing 81.
  • the second suction pipe 51 is arranged in the burner housing 36. Here the suction takes place directly by means of the purge air 33.
  • the vehicle is generally equipped with an optical and / or acoustic display which, depending on the pressure loss of the filter, in conjunction with the engine speed and exhaust gas temperature or other variables, emits a signal which indicates that the filter is about to regenerate must become.
  • the air purge offers a further advantage, namely that a pressure sensor 52 can be arranged in a flow area of the purge air and thus in a cooler area of the exhaust system.
  • a suitable location for this is a space in the burner housing 36, from where the purge air 33 is introduced into the purge air duct 35/32 and which is separated from the combustion chamber 46 by a partition 54.
  • the driver will briefly operate the vehicle in idle mode and close the main flap 82 via operating elements, at the same time open the secondary flap 83 and thus initiate the regeneration process.
  • the regeneration phase can be ended after a prescribed time of between 5 and 15 minutes.
  • the driver will then switch from regeneration mode to driving mode, so that the exhaust gases again reach the filter via the main exhaust pipe. Then the journey or vehicle operation (filter operation) can be continued.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Regenerierung von Partikelfiltern für Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren mittels eines Brenners mit einer Ölzerstäuberdüse und zwei Luftzufuhreinrichtungen, die unabhänig voneinander mit Luft versorgbar sind, wobei eine Luftzufuhreinrichtung ein am Düsenkopf der Ölzerstäuberdüse vorgesehener Luftkanal ist und die zweite Luftzufuhreinrichtung für die Verbrennungsluft verwendet wird, wobei in den Betriebspausen des Brenners und während des Betriebes des Verbrennungsmotors Spülluft in den Brennerraum geführt wird.The invention relates to a method for regenerating particle filters for exhaust gases from internal combustion engines by means of a burner with an oil atomizing nozzle and two air supply devices which can be supplied with air independently of one another, wherein an air supply device is an air duct provided on the nozzle head of the oil atomizing nozzle and the second air supply device for the same Combustion air is used, purging air being fed into the burner chamber during the breaks in operation of the burner and during the operation of the internal combustion engine.

Es ist bekannt, daß in Abgasrohren angeordnete Partikelfilter von Zeit zu Zeit zu reinigen sind. Eine Regeneriermethode ist das Verbrennen der im Filter zurückgehaltenen Rußpartikel. Hierzu wird ein Brenner im Abgasstrang in geeigneter Zuordnung zum Filtervorgesehen. Der Brenner bzw. die Brennstoffdüse des Brenners (die nur kurzzeitig in Betrieb genommen wird) ist dabei dem Abgas ausgesetzt, was zur Folge hat, daß sich unverbrannte Abgasbestandteile auf die Brennerbauteile, insbesondere auf die Brennstoffdüse ablagern können, wodurch der Brennerbetrieb, insbesondere in der Startphase, stark beeinträchtigt wird.It is known that particle filters arranged in exhaust pipes have to be cleaned from time to time. One regeneration method is the burning of the soot particles retained in the filter. For this purpose, a burner is provided in the exhaust line in a suitable assignment to the filter. The burner or the fuel nozzle of the burner (which is only put into operation for a short time) is exposed to the exhaust gas, with the result that unburned exhaust gas components can deposit on the burner components, in particular on the fuel nozzle, which means that the burner operation, particularly in the Start phase, is severely affected.

AusderUS-PS4,581,891 ist eine Einrichtung bekannt, bei der die Ölzerstäuberdüse innerhalb eines mit der Verbrennungsluft durchspülbaren Gehäuses angeordnet ist, das vom Abgasrohrabgezweigt ist. Eine Blende trennt den düsenseitigen Raum des Gehäuses von dem mit dem Abgasrohr in Verbindung stehenden Raum des Gehäuses. Mit der Blende und der die Düse umspülenden Verbrennungsluft wird während des Betriebes des Brenners verhindert, daß die Abgase an die Düsenöffnung gelangen. Während der Betriebspausen des Brenners werden sich jedoch Ablagerungen auf der Düse bilden, da hier das Abgas ungehindert durch die Blende tretend an die Düse gelangt.A device is known from US Pat. No. 4,581,891 in which the oil atomizing nozzle is arranged within a housing which can be flushed with the combustion air and which is branched off from the exhaust pipe. An orifice separates the space on the nozzle side of the housing from the space in the housing which is connected to the exhaust pipe. The orifice and the combustion air flowing around the nozzle prevent the exhaust gases from reaching the nozzle opening during operation of the burner. However, deposits will form on the nozzle during the breaks in operation of the burner, since here the exhaust gas passes through the orifice unimpeded to the nozzle.

Durch die US-PS 4,615,173 ist ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bekanntgeworden, bei dem Druckluft durch einen Luftkanal geführt wird, der sich im Düsenkopf der Ölzerstäuberdüse befindet. Diese Druckluft dient der Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes und ist gleichzeitig dazu geeignet, die Brennstoffdüse während des Brennerbetriebes sauber zu halten. Das Problem in den Betriebspausen ist damit jedoch nicht gelöst.A method of the type mentioned at the outset has become known from US Pat. No. 4,615,173, in which compressed air is guided through an air duct which is located in the nozzle head of the oil atomizer nozzle. This compressed air is used to atomize the fuel and is also suitable for keeping the fuel nozzle clean during burner operation. However, this does not solve the problem during the breaks.

Durch einen in SAE 1986 Transaction, Sect.1, Vol. 95, Seiten 1.748 - 1.767 abgedruckten Aufsatz von G. M. Simon und T. L. Stark ist eine Einrichtung mit einem Partikelfilter und einem Regenierungsbrenner bekanntgeworden, die gemäß dem Oberbegriff betrieben wird. Während der Brennerpausen wird die Luftzufuhr bei einem für den Betrieb des Brenners vorgesehenen Luftsystem aufrechterhalten, d. h. nach Beendigung des Brennerbetriebes nicht abgeschaltet. Mit einem derartigen für einen optimalen Betrieb des Brenners ausgelegten Luftzufuhrsystem läßt sich aber keine ausreichende Reinhaltung der Brennerbauteile gewährleisten.Through a paper by G. M. Simon and T. L. Stark printed in SAE 1986 Transaction, Sect. 1, Vol. 95, pages 1.748 - 1.767, a device with a particle filter and a regeneration burner is known, which is operated according to the generic term. During burner pauses, air supply is maintained in an air system designed to operate the burner, i. H. not switched off after burner operation. With such an air supply system designed for optimal operation of the burner, however, it is not possible to ensure that the burner components are kept sufficiently clean.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem die Verhinderung einer Verschmutzung der Brennerdüse und des Brennraumes sichergestellt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a method with which the contamination of the burner nozzle and the combustion chamber can be prevented.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the features characterized in claim 1.

Durch die während der Betriebspausen des Brenners aus der gesonderten Spülluftquelle strömenden Spülluft können die Abgase erfolgreich vom Bereich der Düsenöffnung während des gesamten Betriebes der Verbrennungsmaschine ferngehalten werden. Die Düsenöffnung ist kontinuierlich, insbesondere in den Betriebspausen des Brenners umspülbar, und es kann außerdem der gesamte Brennraum des Brenners und dessen Umgebung von Ablagerungen aus den Abgasen freigehalten werden. Ferner lassen sich die Brennerbereiche kühlen und insbesondere trocknen. Aggressive Medien aus Kondensat, die sich aus Abgasen bilden können, werden somit entfernt.The exhaust gases can be successfully kept away from the area of the nozzle opening during the entire operation of the internal combustion engine by the purge air flowing from the separate purge air source during the pauses in operation of the burner. The nozzle opening can be continuously flushed, in particular during the breaks in operation of the burner, and the entire combustion chamber of the burner and its surroundings can also be kept free of deposits from the exhaust gases. The burner areas can also be cooled and, in particular, dried. Aggressive media from condensate, which can form from exhaust gases, are thus removed.

Die Entfernung von Kondensat kann vorteilhaft mittels Saugkanälen unterstützt werden. Die Saugkanäle werden so angeordnet, daß entweder eine Saugwirkung der Spülluft genutzt wird oder der Kanal in Bereichen unterschiedlichen Druckes mündet, wobei jeweils das eine Ende des Saugkanals sich an einer Stelle befindet, an der sich Kondensat ansammelt. Außerdem eignet sich der auf diese Weise trocken-und saubergehaltene Brennerbereich besonders gut als Meßort für einen Meßfühler, z. B. zum Messen des durch den Partikelfilter verursachten Gegendruckes im Abgassystem.The removal of condensate can advantageously be supported by means of suction channels. The suction channels are arranged so that either a suction effect of the purge air is used or the channel opens into areas of different pressure, with one end of the suction channel being located at a point at which condensate collects. In addition, the burner area, which is kept dry and clean in this way, is particularly suitable as a measuring point for a sensor, e.g. B. for measuring the back pressure caused by the particle filter in the exhaust system.

Der Spülluftkanal ist vorzugsweise mit einer Drosselstelle versehen, die möglichst dicht an der Ölzerstäuberdüse angeordnet ist, um eine Strömungsumkehr zu vermeiden, die durch kurzzeitige Druckerhöhungen im Abgaskanal verursacht werden könnte. Dabei ist es wichtig, daß der Raum des Spülluftkanals in Strömungsrichtung nach der Drosselstelle, das heißt, der Raum, der die Düsenöffnung umgibt und dem Abgas zugewandt ist, so klein wie möglich ist.The purge air duct is preferably provided with a throttle point which is arranged as close as possible to the oil atomizing nozzle in order to avoid a reversal of the flow which could be caused by brief pressure increases in the exhaust gas duct. It is important that the space of the purge air duct in the flow direction after the throttle point, that is, the space that surrounds the nozzle opening and faces the exhaust gas, is as small as possible.

Als Spülluftquelle kann die Verbrennungsluft für die Verbrennungsmaschine verwendet werden. Der Spülluftkanal sollte vorzugsweise mit Druckluft von etwa 6 bar beschickt werden, um die reinigende Wirkung des gesamten Brenners zu erhöhen. Bei Nutzfahrzeugen kann dazu zweckmäßigerweise die Druckluftbremsanlage herangezogen werden. Bei diesen Anlagen ist zwischen dem Kompressor und dem Druckbehälter ein Trockner vorgesehen, so daß diese trockene Druckluft von 6-7 bar besonders gut geeignet ist, den Brenner und dessen Umgebung in Abgassystemen von Kondensat, den darin gelösten aggressiven Medien sowie Partikelablagerungen freizuhalten. Damit wird die Beeinträchtigung der unbeweglichen, beispielsweise Meßfühler, und beweglichen Bauteile, wie Ventile, Drosselklappen, durch korrodierende Stoffe weitgehend ausgeschaltet. Die Lebensdauer und Funktionsfähigkeit des Abgassystems und des Brenners wird damit nennenswert verbessert.The combustion air for the internal combustion engine can be used as the purge air source. The purge air duct should preferably be supplied with compressed air of around 6 bar in order to increase the cleaning effect of the entire burner. In the case of commercial vehicles, the compressed air brake system can expediently be used for this. In these systems, a dryer is provided between the compressor and the pressure vessel, so that this dry compressed air of 6-7 bar is particularly suitable, the burner and its surroundings in exhaust systems of condensate, the dissolved therein to keep aggressive media and particle deposits free. This largely eliminates the impairment of immovable, for example sensors, and moving components, such as valves, throttle valves, by corrosive substances. The service life and functionality of the exhaust system and the burner are thus significantly improved.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel schematisch dargestellt, wobei Figur 1 die Anordnung eines Brenners im Abgassystem und Figur 2 die Ölzerstäuberdüse des Brenners zeigen.An exemplary embodiment is shown schematically in the drawing, FIG. 1 showing the arrangement of a burner in the exhaust system and FIG. 2 the oil atomizing nozzle of the burner.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Abgaskanal 10 eines nicht näher dargestellten Verbrennungsmotors, in dem ein Partikelfilter 11 angeordnet ist. In Strömungsrichtung der Abgase 13 vor dem Filter 11 mündet die Brennkammer 46 eines Brenners 20, der mit einer Ölzerstäuberdüse 34 und einem Mischrohr 24 ausgestattet ist. Die Brenneranlage zur Regenerierung des Filters 11 ist so ausgelegt, daß die Abgase 13 als Verbrennungsluft für den Brenner 20 und als sauerstoffhaltiges Gas genutzt werden können. Dazu ist ein von einem Gehäuse 81 umgebener Expansionsraum 80 vorgesehen, in den ein Einlaßstutzen 70 für das Abgas 13 hineinragt und der zumindest den heißen Teil des Brenners 20 enthält. Im Betrieb des Fahrzeugs werden die Abgase 13 über die Hauptabgasleitung 10 in den Filter 11 geführt, indem eine Hauptklappe 82 das Abgasrohr 10 freigibt, während eine Nebenklappe 83 den vom Abgasrohr 10 abzweigenden Einlaßstutzen 70 sperrt. Beide Klappen 82, 83, können über einen geeigneten Mechanismus 84 vom Fahrer bedient werden.Figure 1 shows an exhaust duct 10 of an internal combustion engine, not shown, in which a particle filter 11 is arranged. In the flow direction of the exhaust gases 13 in front of the filter 11, the combustion chamber 46 of a burner 20 opens, which is equipped with an oil atomizing nozzle 34 and a mixing tube 24. The burner system for regeneration of the filter 11 is designed so that the exhaust gases 13 can be used as combustion air for the burner 20 and as an oxygen-containing gas. For this purpose, an expansion space 80 is provided which is surrounded by a housing 81, into which an inlet connection 70 for the exhaust gas 13 projects and which contains at least the hot part of the burner 20. During operation of the vehicle, the exhaust gases 13 are led into the filter 11 via the main exhaust gas line 10, in that a main flap 82 releases the exhaust pipe 10, while a secondary flap 83 blocks the inlet connection 70 branching off from the exhaust pipe 10. Both flaps 82, 83 can be operated by the driver via a suitable mechanism 84.

Zur Regenerierung des Filters 11 wird die Verbrennungsmaschine des Fahrzeugs im Leerlauf betrieben, die Hauptklappe 82 geschlossen und die Nebenklappe 83 geöffnet. Damit strömen die im Leerlauf entstehenden sauerstoffhaltigen Abgase 13 durch den Einlaßstutzen 70 in den Expansionsraum 80 hinein. Gleichzeitig wird die Brennstoffzufuhr 29 zum Brenner 20 freigegeben. Der aus der Düse 34 austretende Brennstoff mischt sich mit den aus dem Expansionsbehälter einströmenden Teilstrom des Abgases 13. Das Mischrohr 24 ist so angeordnet, daß die Verbrennungsgase 23 aus dem Brennraum 46 über einen ringzylindrischen Rezirkulationsraum 75 in das Mischrohr 24 zurückgesaugt werden. Innerhalb des Mischrohres 24 wird der Brennstoff 29 durch die rezirkulierenden Verbrennungsgase 86 erwärmt und verdampft und mit diesen und dem Abgas 13 zu einem vollständig verbrennbaren Gas vermischt, das mit einerzündeinrichtung 85 gezündet und in der Verbrennungszone 46 innerhalb des Flammrohres 47 vollständig verbrennt.To regenerate the filter 11, the internal combustion engine of the vehicle is operated at idle, the main flap 82 is closed and the secondary flap 83 is opened. In this way, the oxygen-containing exhaust gases 13 that arise during idling flow through the inlet connection 70 into the expansion space 80. At the same time, the fuel supply 29 to the burner 20 is released. The fuel emerging from the nozzle 34 mixes with the partial flow of the exhaust gas 13 flowing in from the expansion tank. The mixing tube 24 is arranged such that the combustion gases 23 are sucked back into the mixing tube 24 from the combustion chamber 46 via an annular cylindrical recirculation space 75. Within the mixing tube 24, the fuel 29 is heated and evaporated by the recirculating combustion gases 86 and mixed with these and the exhaust gas 13 to form a completely combustible gas which is ignited with an ignition device 85 and burns completely in the combustion zone 46 within the flame tube 47.

Der Brenner 20 bzw. das Flammrohr 47 ist von einem Strömungsrohr 71 umgeben, das Öffnungen 72 enthält, durch die die Abgase 13 teilweise aus dem Expansionsraum 80 an den Austritt des Flammrohres 47 gelangen.The burner 20 or the flame tube 47 is surrounded by a flow tube 71 which contains openings 72 through which the exhaust gases 13 partially reach the outlet of the flame tube 47 from the expansion space 80.

Das hier eintretende Abgas vermischt sich somit mit dem aus dem Flammrohr 47 austretenden Heißgas 23. Hierbei wird einerseits das Heißgas mit den kühleren Abgasen 23 auf niedrigere Temperaturen gebracht und andererseits der Sauerstoff im Heißgas 23 angereichert. Das auf diese Weise gekühlte und mit Sauerstoff versetzte Heißgas 53 strömt dann in Strömungsrichtung der Hauptabgase 13 nach der Hauptklappe 82 in das Abgasrohr 10 ein, um von dort in den Filter 11 zu gelangen.The exhaust gas entering here thus mixes with the hot gas 23 emerging from the flame tube 47. On the one hand, the hot gas is brought to lower temperatures with the cooler exhaust gases 23 and, on the other hand, the oxygen in the hot gas 23 is enriched. The hot gas 53 cooled in this way and mixed with oxygen then flows in the flow direction of the main exhaust gases 13 after the main flap 82 into the exhaust pipe 10 in order to get into the filter 11 from there.

Bei dieser Ausführung wird also keine gesonderte Frischluft für den Regenerationsbetrieb benötigt. Stattdessen wird das Abgas 13 in einer einfachen Weise über den Brenner umgelenkt. Durch die in einer derartigen Anordnung ohnehin vorgesehenen Drosselstellen zwischen der Nebenklappe 83 im Einlaßstutzen 70 und in den Eintrittsöffnungen 72, 73 und 74 im Brennergehäuse 36 findet eine Dämpfung der stark pulsierenden Motorabgase 13 statt, die durch den gleichzeitig als Gasführung dienenden Expansionsraum 80 stark unterstützt wird. Es sind also keine weiteren Maßnahmen notwendig, um die stark schwingenden Motorabgase 13 als Verbrennungsluft für den Brenner 20 brauchbar zu machen.In this version, no separate fresh air is required for the regeneration operation. Instead, the exhaust gas 13 is redirected in a simple manner via the burner. Due to the throttle points provided in such an arrangement anyway between the secondary flap 83 in the inlet port 70 and in the inlet openings 72, 73 and 74 in the burner housing 36, the strongly pulsating engine exhaust gases 13 are damped, which is strongly supported by the expansion space 80 which also serves as a gas guide . No further measures are therefore necessary in order to make the strongly oscillating engine exhaust gases 13 usable as combustion air for the burner 20.

Je nach Bedarf und ohne weiteren Aufwand kann das Abgas 13 gleichzeitig dazu verwendet werden, das Flammrohr 47 zu kühlen, indem entsprechende Öffnungen 72 auch im Bereich des Flammrohres 47 vorgesehen werden. In den Betriebspausen des Brenners 20 bzw. im Normalbetrieb der Verbrennungsmaschine strömen die Abgase 13 direkt im Abgasrohr zum Filter 11. Dabei füllt sich der offene oder mit einer weiteren Abgasklappe größtenteils verschlossene Brennraum 14 mit Abgas.Depending on requirements and without further effort, the exhaust gas 13 can simultaneously be used to cool the flame tube 47 by providing corresponding openings 72 in the area of the flame tube 47 as well. During the breaks in operation of the burner 20 or during normal operation of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust gases 13 flow directly to the filter 11 in the exhaust pipe. The open combustion chamber 14, or the combustion chamber 14, which is largely closed by a further exhaust flap, fills with exhaust gas.

Um zu verhindern, daß die im Brennraum 44 des Brenners 20 zirkulierenden Abgase an der Ölzerstäuberdüse 46 unverbrannte Bestandteile ablagern, die die Düsenöffnung 56 verstopfen bzw. verschmutzen können, ist am Düsenkopf 30 ein Spülluftkanal vorgesehen, der im Zusammenhang mit Figur 2 näher erläutert wird.In order to prevent the exhaust gases circulating in the combustion chamber 44 of the burner 20 from depositing unburned components on the oil atomizing nozzle 46, which can clog or contaminate the nozzle opening 56, a purge air channel is provided on the nozzle head 30, which is explained in more detail in connection with FIG.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus der Figur 1, nämlich die Ölzerstäuberdüse 34. Die Ölzerstäuberdüse 34 besteht aus einem Düsenstock 31, der die eigentliche Düse oder den Düsenkopf 30 trägt. Die Ölzerstäuberdüse 34 ist von einer Ummantelung 44 umgeben, die im Bereich des Düsenkopfes 30 einen Ringraum 32 bildet, der eine Drosselstelle 40 enthält und über eine Öffnung 35 in der Ummantelung 44 mit einer nicht dargestellten Spülluftquelle in Verbindung steht.FIG. 2 shows a detail from FIG. 1, namely the oil atomizing nozzle 34. The oil atomizing nozzle 34 consists of a nozzle assembly 31 which carries the actual nozzle or the nozzle head 30. The oil atomizing nozzle 34 is surrounded by a casing 44, which forms an annular space 32 in the region of the nozzle head 30, which contains a throttle point 40 and is connected via an opening 35 in the casing 44 to a purge air source (not shown).

In der Betriebspause des Brenners wird ein Spülluftstrom 33 durch die Öffnung 35 in den Spülluftkanal 32 hineingeführt, wobei er den Düsenkopf 30 streifend vor der Düsenöffnung 36 durch die Blende 37 für die Verbrennungsluft 38 in das Mischrohr 39 strömt. Dieser Spülluftstrom 33 verhindert den Kontakt von Verbrennungsgasen mit dem Düsenkopf 30 und hält damit stets die Düsenöffnung 56 von Verschmutzungen frei.During the burner's pause in operation, a purge air flow 33 is introduced into the purge air channel 32 through the opening 35, whereby it flows into the mixing tube 39, grazing the nozzle head 30 in front of the nozzle opening 36, through the orifice 37 for the combustion air 38. This purge air flow 33 prevents the con clocks combustion gases with the nozzle head 30 and thus always keeps the nozzle opening 56 free of contamination.

Im Abgassystem 10 herrscht im allgemeinen ein pulsierender Druck. Diesem Umstand Rechnung tragend, ist der Einbau der Drosselstelle 40 vorgesehen, um eine kurzzeitige Strömungsumkehr (Aufpumpen der Spülluftzuführungsleitungen) zu vermeiden. Dabei ist die Drosselstelle 40 so nah wie möglich an der Düsenöffnung, vorzugsweise unmittelbar vorder Düsenöffnung 36 (nicht dargestellt), um den Raum zwischen der Drosselstelle und dem Austritt aus der Umgebung so klein wie möglich zu halten. Eine abgasseitige Druckspitze wird dann keinen Raum haben, um gegen die Spülluft in den Spülluftkanal 32 einzudringen, da die Spülluft entsprechend dem geringen Raum nur geringfügig komprimierbar ist. Dieser Effekt kann auch durch kapillarähnliche Ausbildung des Spülluftkanal-Endes in der Umgebung der Düsenöffnung erreicht werden.There is generally a pulsating pressure in the exhaust system 10. Taking this into account, the installation of the throttle point 40 is provided in order to avoid a brief reversal of the flow (inflating the purge air supply lines). The throttle point 40 is as close as possible to the nozzle opening, preferably immediately in front of the nozzle opening 36 (not shown), in order to keep the space between the throttle point and the outlet from the environment as small as possible. A pressure peak on the exhaust gas side will then have no space to penetrate into the purge air channel 32 against the purge air, since the purge air can only be compressed slightly in accordance with the small space. This effect can also be achieved by the capillary-like design of the purge air channel end in the vicinity of the nozzle opening.

Anstelle des in Figur 2 dargestellten ringzylindrischen Spülluftkanals 32 können alle Bauformen verwendet werden, bei denen ein Spülluftstrahl die Düsenöffnung 56 streift und wobei die Ausbreitung einer Druckwelle von seiten des Abgassystems bis zur Düsenöffnung hin unterbunden wird. So ist ein rohrförmiger Kanal denkbar, der seitlich an der Düsenöffnung beispielsweise in einen Ringraum mündet, der geringen Durchmesser hat und die Düsenöffnung umgibt.Instead of the ring-cylindrical purge air channel 32 shown in FIG. 2, all designs can be used in which a purge air jet brushes the nozzle opening 56 and the propagation of a pressure wave from the exhaust system to the nozzle opening is prevented. For example, a tubular channel is conceivable, which opens laterally at the nozzle opening, for example into an annular space, which has a small diameter and surrounds the nozzle opening.

Als Spülluftquelle kann die Verbrennungsluft für die Verbrennungsmaschine verwendet werden, dabei sollte die Spülluft aber etwa auf den 1,5-fachen Abgasspitzendruck vorgespannt sein, um Rückströme zu vermeiden. Eine Variante dazu ist, daß mittels Kompressor oder dergleichen erzeugte Druckluft als Spülluft verwendet wird. Damit wird zwar ein apparativer Mehraufwand gefordert, aber die die Bauteile konservierende Wirkung der Druckluft wiegt den Mehraufwand wieder auf. Mit insbesondere trockener Druckluft, die während der Betriebspausen des Brenners kontinuierlich durch den Brenner und Teile des Abgassystems strömt, werden diese Bauteile weitgehend von Rückständen aus den Abgasen freigehalten, was die Funktionsfähigkeit und die Lebensdauer der Anlage erhöht. Der Spülluftstrom 33 bewirkt außerdem eine Kühlung der Ölzerstäuberdüse 31, und er kann immer dann eingeschaltet werden, wenn der zugehörige Verbrennungsmotor in Betrieb ist.The combustion air for the internal combustion engine can be used as the purge air source, but the purge air should be biased to about 1.5 times the exhaust gas pressure in order to avoid backflows. A variant of this is that compressed air generated by means of a compressor or the like is used as purge air. Although this requires additional equipment, the compressed air's preserving effect offsets the additional expenditure. With dry compressed air in particular, which flows continuously through the burner and parts of the exhaust system during the breaks in operation, these components are largely kept free of residues from the exhaust gases, which increases the functionality and the service life of the system. The purge air flow 33 also cools the oil atomizing nozzle 31 and can be switched on whenever the associated internal combustion engine is in operation.

Wenn sich Kondensat aus den Abgasen in Teilen des Brennersystems trotz der durchströmenden Spülluft sammelt, kann die Spülluftströmung auch dazu verwendet werden, über geeignet angeordnete Saugrohre das Kondensat abzusaugen. In Figur 2 sind beispielsweise zwei Saugrohre 50 und 51 eingezeichnet.If condensate from the exhaust gases collects in parts of the burner system despite the purge air flowing through, the purge air flow can also be used to extract the condensate via suitably arranged suction pipes. For example, two suction pipes 50 and 51 are shown in FIG.

Mit dem Saugrohr 50, das den Expansionsraum 80 mit dem Brennraum 46 des Brenners 20 verbindet, wird aufgrund des in den beiden Räumen herrschenden Differenzdruckes Kondensat abgesaugt, das sich am Boden des Gehäuses 81 sammelt. Das zweite Saugrohr 51 ist im Brennergehäuse 36 angeordnet. Hier erfolgt die Absaugung direkt mittels der Spülluft 33.With the suction pipe 50, which connects the expansion chamber 80 to the combustion chamber 46 of the burner 20, condensate is suctioned off due to the differential pressure prevailing in the two rooms and collects at the bottom of the housing 81. The second suction pipe 51 is arranged in the burner housing 36. Here the suction takes place directly by means of the purge air 33.

Für die Einleitung des Regeneriervorganges wird im allgemeinen das Fahrzeug mit einer optischen und/oderakustischen Anzeige ausgerüstet, die in Abhängigkeit vom Druckverlust des Filters, in Verbindung mit Motordrehzahl und Abgastemperatur bzw. anderweitigen Größen, ein Signal abgibt, das anzeigt, daß der Filter demnächst regeneriert werden muß. Auch hier bietet die Luftspülung einen weiteren Vorteil, nämlich, daß ein Druckfühler 52 in einen Strömungsbereich der Spülluft und damit in einen kühleren Bereich des Abgassystems angeordnet werden kann. Eine dazu geeignete Stelle ist ein Raum im Brennergehäuse 36, von wo aus die Spülluft 33 in den Spülluftkanal 35/32 eingeführt wird und der durch eine Trennwand 54 vom Brennraum 46 getrennt ist.To initiate the regeneration process, the vehicle is generally equipped with an optical and / or acoustic display which, depending on the pressure loss of the filter, in conjunction with the engine speed and exhaust gas temperature or other variables, emits a signal which indicates that the filter is about to regenerate must become. Here too, the air purge offers a further advantage, namely that a pressure sensor 52 can be arranged in a flow area of the purge air and thus in a cooler area of the exhaust system. A suitable location for this is a space in the burner housing 36, from where the purge air 33 is introduced into the purge air duct 35/32 and which is separated from the combustion chamber 46 by a partition 54.

Wenn über den Druckfühler 52 die Notwendigkeit eines Regenerierprozesses angezeigt wird, wird der Fahrer das Fahrzeug kurzzeitig im Leerlauf betreiben und über Bedienungselemente die Hauptklappe 82 schließen, gleichzeitig die Nebenklappe 83 öffnen und den Regeneriervorgang damit einleiten. Nach einer vorgeschriebenen Zeit zwischen 5 und 15 Minuten kann die Regenerierungsphase wieder beendet werden. Der Fahrer wird dann von Regenerierbetrieb auf Fahrbetrieb umschalten, so daß die Abgase wieder über das Hauptabgasrohr zum Filter gelangen. Danach kann die Fahrt bzw. der Fahrzeugbetrieb (Filterbetrieb) wieder fortgesetzt werden.If the need for a regeneration process is indicated by the pressure sensor 52, the driver will briefly operate the vehicle in idle mode and close the main flap 82 via operating elements, at the same time open the secondary flap 83 and thus initiate the regeneration process. The regeneration phase can be ended after a prescribed time of between 5 and 15 minutes. The driver will then switch from regeneration mode to driving mode, so that the exhaust gases again reach the filter via the main exhaust pipe. Then the journey or vehicle operation (filter operation) can be continued.

Claims (5)

1. A method of regenerating particle filters (11) for the exhaust gases (13) of internal-combustion engines by means of a burner with an oil-atomizing nozzle and two air-feed devices which can be supplied with air (33, 38) independently of each other, wherein one air-feed device is an air duct (32) provided at the nozzle head (30) of the oil- atomizing nozzle and the second air-feed device is used for the combustion air (38), wherein scavenging air is fed to the combustion chamber when the burner is not operating and during operation of the internal-combustion engine, characterized in that a separate scavenging-air source is used, the scavenging air (33) being fed through the air duct (32) formed as a scavenging-air duct on the nozzle head.
2. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the scavenging air (33) is fed through the air duct (32) under pressure.
3. A method according to Claim 2, characterized in that dry compressed air (33) is fed through the air duct (32).
4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a region, which can be covered by the scavenging air (33), of the burner (20) is used as a place for measuring the filter counterpressure.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that pressure differences (AP) in the burner region, which are generated by the flow of scavenging air (33), are used for drawing off exhaust-gas condensate.
EP87112215A 1986-10-30 1987-08-22 Procedure for regenerating particle filters Expired - Lifetime EP0268026B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87112215T ATE57248T1 (en) 1986-10-30 1987-08-22 BURNER FOR REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE FILTERS.
JP62275560A JP2608296B2 (en) 1986-10-30 1987-10-29 Regeneration method of particle filter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3636967 1986-10-30
DE19863636967 DE3636967A1 (en) 1986-10-30 1986-10-30 BURNER FOR REGENERATING PARTICLE FILTERS

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EP0268026A1 EP0268026A1 (en) 1988-05-25
EP0268026B1 EP0268026B1 (en) 1990-10-03
EP0268026B2 true EP0268026B2 (en) 1993-08-18

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Also Published As

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EP0268026A1 (en) 1988-05-25
DE3636967A1 (en) 1988-05-19
EP0268026B1 (en) 1990-10-03
DE3636967C2 (en) 1989-04-27
DE3765393D1 (en) 1990-11-08

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