EP0267334A1 - Block de construction à imbriquer - Google Patents

Block de construction à imbriquer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0267334A1
EP0267334A1 EP86308831A EP86308831A EP0267334A1 EP 0267334 A1 EP0267334 A1 EP 0267334A1 EP 86308831 A EP86308831 A EP 86308831A EP 86308831 A EP86308831 A EP 86308831A EP 0267334 A1 EP0267334 A1 EP 0267334A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
web
sidewalls
webs
blocks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86308831A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0267334B1 (fr
Inventor
Juan Haener
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US06/754,136 priority Critical patent/US4640071A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to ES86308831T priority patent/ES2021279B3/es
Priority to EP86308831A priority patent/EP0267334B1/fr
Priority to AT86308831T priority patent/ATE62302T1/de
Priority to DE8686308831T priority patent/DE3678581D1/de
Publication of EP0267334A1 publication Critical patent/EP0267334A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0267334B1 publication Critical patent/EP0267334B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/52—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to construction materials and, more particularly, to a mortarless wall block of an improved type.
  • interlocking blocks have been devised in the past to facilitate block laying.
  • most such blocks are very expensive to produce since the interlocking portions, usually grooves and protrusions, normally are sawed into or otherwise fashioned in the blocks after they are initially formed by molding.
  • those interlocking blocks in which the interlocking components are initially molded usually are very difficult to mold to acceptably close tolerances.
  • the design of the block should be such that it can be readily moulded and released from the forming mold with full detail preserved, obviating any subsequent reshaping, finishing, etc.
  • the block should be easily strengthened with reinforcing bars, if needed, and be capable of being fabricated in a full array of sizes and shapes.
  • the block includes a pair of parallel sidewalls interconnected by preferably a plurality of spaced parallel transverse webs extending from the bottom of the sidewalls to above the top thereof and dividing the block into cells.
  • the webs and sidewalls are tapered from bottom to top in that they have at least one non-vertical upraised side.
  • at least one of the two raised sides of the web includes a central concavity at the upper end thereof tapering down linearly or not linearly to a complementary convexity at the central lower end thereof.
  • the thickness of the web at the midpoint of that side is about equal to one-half of the combined thicknesses of the web at any two points along that center and equidistant from that midpoint, i.e., above and below that midpoint. Therefore, the mass of the web is balanced, the block has increased stability, the web pres ents a larger surface area for connection to cement poured into a cell, and the block more easily releases from a single forming mold during its fabrication.
  • the convexities and concavities can be triangular, rectangular, dish-shaped or the like.
  • the webs preferably each have a plurality of spaced slits parallel to the sidewalls and extending down into the web from the top of the sidewalls a distance equal or greater than the thickness of a reinforcing bar which could be placed longitudinally in the block. If it is desired to use such bars, the appropriate knock-off portions defined in the webs by the slits are broken away and the reinforcing bars are laid in their place. Certain slits can also separate the upper ends of the web from the sidewalls and are useful for providing knock-off portions for insertion of two parallel reinforcing bars to compensate for bending stresses in certain structural locations.
  • the blocks can be designed to interlock at their opposite ends by means of tongues and grooves or the like, to form courses. No mortar is needed.
  • the courses may be disposed upon each other without the use of mortar, with the blocks in one course staggered with respect to those of the adjacent courses.
  • the upper portions of the webs of blocks in a given course are positioned to point contact the underside of the webs of the course next above to interlock the blocks and courses together.
  • the cells thereof are in staggered array and exhibit angled walls and a greater surface area for joinder to concrete when the latter is poured into vertically connected cells to strengthen the thus formed wall.
  • the new improved building blocks are simple, rapid and inexpensive to fabricate and to use and provide a superior wall when laid up in the described manner. Further features of the present invention are set forth in the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
  • Figures 1-8 a first preferred embodiment of the improved building block of the present invention is schematically depicted therein.
  • Figures 1 and 2 depict the form of the block which is used between the ends and corners of a wall construction.
  • Figures 3 and 4 depict a long corner form of the same type block, and
  • Figures 5 and 6 depict a short end form of the block.
  • Figures 7 and 8 depict a wall constructed of the blocks of Figures 1-6.
  • Block 20 is shown.
  • Block 20 can be of any suitable construction material, such as poured set cement, concrete, or can be a so-called cinder block or a block of ceramic clay or other suitable construction material.
  • Block 20 comprises a spaced, parallel pair of vertical sidewalls 22 and 24 interconnected by integral vertical webs 26, perpendicular to sidwalls 22 and 24 and disposed in a predetermined arrangement in block 20.
  • each of sidewalls 22 and 24 have flat parallel or tapered opposite faces 34 and 36, flat bottoms 38 and flat tops 40.
  • Opposite ends 28 and 30 of walls 22 and 24 are provided with interlocking means in the form of tongues 32 and grooves 33 for joining blocks 20 lengthwise in a course during laying up of a wall.
  • Webs 26 and sidewalls 22 and 24 divide block 20 into cells 42, 44, 46, 48 and 50 spaced along the length of block 20 and open at the bottom and top thereof and of predetermined size.
  • Webs 26 extend from about bottoms 38 to above tops 40, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Preferably, webs 26 extend above tops 40 about 10% of the height of block 20.
  • sidewalls 22 and 24 may be about 8 inches high with webs 26 extending about 3/8 inch thereabove. Other dimensions are also suitable.
  • the upper portion 52 of each of webs 26 is preferably divided by four spaced, parallel vertical slits 54 extending down therethrough and totally across the thickness of portion 52 parallel to sidewalls 22 and 24 so as to form three separate top break-off sections 56, 58 and 60 in each portion 52. Central section 58 usually is wider than side sections 56 and 60.
  • Slits 54 extend down in portion 52 a sufficient distance below tops 40 so that each of sections, 56, 58 and 60 is deep enough to accommodate, when broken off, the full thickness of a reinforcing bar (not shown) which is adapted to extend longitudinally in block 20 below tops 40. It will be understood that the desired number of the same type of break-off sections can be removed from the particular webs 26 involved in block 20 so as to accommodate the full length of such a bar.
  • section 58 is not used as a break-off section. Instead, section 58 and portion 62 lying below section 58 and extending to the bottom of each web 26 is specially configured, so as to include a generally triangular concavity 64 in section 58 and a complementary generally triangular convexity 66 in portion 62, which grades thereinto. Each triangular configuration has curved sides.
  • Concavity 64 and convexity 66 appear in only one side 68 of each web 26, the opposite side 70 thereof being flat and vertical (not shown) or slightly sloped toward portions 66 and 68 from the bottom surface 74 towards the upper surface 76 (as shown in the figure) to form a double taper to web 26 between the bottom surface 74 and upper surface 76 which provides an improved disengagement of the block from its forming mold. This is more easily seen in Figure 2.
  • concavity 64 nor convexity 66 is present at the center midpoint 72 along the length of side 68 of each web 26, neither concavity 64 nor convexity 66 is present.
  • each web 26 at point 72 is equal to one-half the sum of the thicknesses of the web at any two points equidistant from point 72; that is, above and below point 72 and along the center longitudinal cross-section.
  • each web 26 uniformly or non-uniformly slopes from concavity 64 to convexity 66 so that the bottom 74 of each web 26 is thicker than the top 76 thereof at the center of side 68. This improves the stability of block 20 and facilitates its release from an open bottomed mold. This also increases the total surface area of web 26 for improving its adhesion to reinforcing cement which may be poured into cells 42, 44, 46, 48 and 50.
  • Block 20 is simple, rapid and inexpensive to mold in a single operation from a single mold and is easy to use in constructing a wall.
  • Block 20 ⁇ is shown which is similar to block 20. Components thereof similar to those of block 20 bear the same numerals, but are succeeded by the prime sign " ⁇ ".
  • Block 20 ⁇ includes sidewalls 22 ⁇ and 24 ⁇ and webs 26 ⁇ , one of which is shown in Figure 3.
  • Block 20 ⁇ also includes an end wall 80 interconnecting sidewall 22 ⁇ and 24 ⁇ and a pair of spaced vertical supports 82 and 84 integrally connected to sidewalls 22 ⁇ and 24 ⁇ , respectively, and disposed in space 86 between wall 80 and web 26 ⁇ .
  • One tongue 32 ⁇ and one groove 33 ⁇ are present in end 30 ⁇ of each of sidewalls 22 ⁇ and 24 ⁇ .
  • Corner block 20 ⁇ is used in a wall assembly, such as is shown in Figures 7 and 8.
  • Block 20 ⁇ is shown which is similar to block 20 and block 20 ⁇ . Components thereof similar to those of block 20 and/or block 20 ⁇ bear the same numerals but are succeeded by the double prime sign " ⁇ ".
  • Block 20 ⁇ includes short sidewalls 22 ⁇ and 24 ⁇ , end wall 80 ⁇ and vertical supports 82 ⁇ and 84 ⁇ , as well as tongue 32 ⁇ and groove 33 ⁇ , but no transverse web. Block 20 ⁇ is used in a wall assembly, such as is shown in Figures 7.
  • Figure 7 schematically depicts an L-shaped wall 90 laid up very easily, rapidly and accurately without professional labor and without mortaring by using blocks 20, 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ to form stacked horizontal courses 92.
  • blocks, 20, 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ are interconnected one by one lengthwise by their respective tongues and grooves so that no mortar whatsoever is needed to lay up courses 92.
  • Courses 92 are laid up with blocks 20, 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ of one course offset lengthwise with blocks 20, 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ of the two adjoining courses ( Figure 7).
  • courses 92 are easily kept straight and level because tops 40 and bottoms 38 are flat and horizontal, the bottoms 38 of one course 92 resting directly on the tops 40 of the next lower course 92.
  • the cells in blocks 20, 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ have extended surface area due to the angling of portions of webs 26 and 26 ⁇ so that when wet aggregate (see Figure 8 at the right side of the Figure) is poured thereinto to bond wall 90 together, that aggregate more readily and strongly bonds thereto, and wall 90 has a resultingly increased strength.
  • Figures 9-14 depicts further embodiments of the improved block of the present invention which materially differ from blocks 20, 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ only in regard to the number of webs employed and their particular spacing of such webs.
  • the overall shapes of such webs are generally the same as webs 26 and 26 ⁇ .
  • the relative dimensions of the various webs depicted in Figures 9-14 can be easily compared with webs 26 and 26 ⁇ by reference to proportion reference indications of component portions marked L, A1, A2, B1, B2, and C in Figures 9-14 and L, A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 in Figures 2, 4 and 6.
  • the blocks of the present invention follow the same proportional relationships as are embodied in the formulas set forth in U.S. Patent No. 3,888,060.
  • L (length) B1 + B2 +A1 + A2 + C1 + C2 as described in the patent.
  • Block 20b shown in Figures 12, 13 and 14 has three webs 26b, each of which is similar to webs 26 and 26 ⁇ .
  • Figure 14 schematically depicts a wall laid up using blocks 20b.
  • FIGs 15, 16 and 17 depict blocks of the present invention which differ from block 20 only in the particular shape of center portion of the webs thereof.
  • block 20c is shown which is identical to block 20 except that each web 26c has a central dish-shaped top concavity 64c sloping downwardly into a bottom dish-shaped convexity 66c.
  • Concavity 64c and the convexity 66c are located in, respectively, sections 58c and 62c.
  • the thickness of web 26c along its center longitudinal cross-section follows the same rules generally as specified for web 26.
  • Web 26c has increased surface area, as does web 26.
  • Figure 16 depicts block 20d identical to block 20 ⁇ in all respects except that each web 26d thereof has a rectangular concavity 64d sloping down and blending into a rectangular convexity 66d, and except that the two most central of slits 54d extend only part of the way through the thickness of web 26d, so that web 26d is strengthened. Web 26d also has increased surface area for improved adhesion to poured aggregate.
  • Figure 17 depicts block 20e which is identical to block 20 in all respects except that each web 26e thereof has a dish-shaped concavity 64e and a dish-shaped convexity 66e in each of its two sides 68e and 70e, and except that web 26e contains no slits 54 at all and thus is relatively stronger.
  • the thickness of web 26e along its center longitudinal cross-section follows the rules previously described for web 26. Accordingly, web 26e has substantially increased surface area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP86308831A 1985-07-12 1986-11-12 Block de construction à imbriquer Expired EP0267334B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/754,136 US4640071A (en) 1985-07-12 1985-07-12 Interlocking building block
ES86308831T ES2021279B3 (es) 1986-11-12 1986-11-12 Bloques de construccion engranables mejorados.
EP86308831A EP0267334B1 (fr) 1986-11-12 1986-11-12 Block de construction à imbriquer
AT86308831T ATE62302T1 (de) 1986-11-12 1986-11-12 Ineinandergreifender baublock.
DE8686308831T DE3678581D1 (de) 1986-11-12 1986-11-12 Ineinandergreifender baublock.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86308831A EP0267334B1 (fr) 1986-11-12 1986-11-12 Block de construction à imbriquer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0267334A1 true EP0267334A1 (fr) 1988-05-18
EP0267334B1 EP0267334B1 (fr) 1991-04-03

Family

ID=8196210

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86308831A Expired EP0267334B1 (fr) 1985-07-12 1986-11-12 Block de construction à imbriquer

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0267334B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE62302T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3678581D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2021279B3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0472993A1 (fr) * 1990-08-20 1992-03-04 RDB PLASTOTECNICA S.p.A. Bloc creux pour un mur de soutien
LU91818B1 (fr) * 2011-05-25 2012-11-26 Univ Luxembourg Bloc de construction en beton et systeme de construction d'un mur avec de tels blocs
CN107246106A (zh) * 2017-08-07 2017-10-13 吴韬 一种表面切磨成型陶粒混凝土预制墙板

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB353101A (en) * 1930-04-29 1931-07-23 John Alfred Atkinson Improvements in tie bricks for cavity walls
US3888060A (en) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-10 Juan Haener Construction assembly and method including interlocking blocks

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB353101A (en) * 1930-04-29 1931-07-23 John Alfred Atkinson Improvements in tie bricks for cavity walls
US3888060A (en) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-10 Juan Haener Construction assembly and method including interlocking blocks

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0472993A1 (fr) * 1990-08-20 1992-03-04 RDB PLASTOTECNICA S.p.A. Bloc creux pour un mur de soutien
US5214898A (en) * 1990-08-20 1993-06-01 Rdb Plastotecnica S.P.A. Block particularly for building loose-laid retaining walls
LU91818B1 (fr) * 2011-05-25 2012-11-26 Univ Luxembourg Bloc de construction en beton et systeme de construction d'un mur avec de tels blocs
WO2012160150A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-11-29 Université Du Luxembourg Bloc de construction en béton et système de construction d'un mur avec de tels blocs
CN107246106A (zh) * 2017-08-07 2017-10-13 吴韬 一种表面切磨成型陶粒混凝土预制墙板

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0267334B1 (fr) 1991-04-03
ES2021279B3 (es) 1991-11-01
ATE62302T1 (de) 1991-04-15
DE3678581D1 (de) 1991-05-08

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