EP0266669B1 - Hydrocyclone, or hydrocyclone parts, and methods for manufacturing them - Google Patents

Hydrocyclone, or hydrocyclone parts, and methods for manufacturing them Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0266669B1
EP0266669B1 EP87115828A EP87115828A EP0266669B1 EP 0266669 B1 EP0266669 B1 EP 0266669B1 EP 87115828 A EP87115828 A EP 87115828A EP 87115828 A EP87115828 A EP 87115828A EP 0266669 B1 EP0266669 B1 EP 0266669B1
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Prior art keywords
hydrocyclone
layer
outer layer
inner layer
polyurethane
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EP87115828A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0266669A1 (en
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Friedrich Dipl.-Ing. Donhauser
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AKW Apparate und Verfahren GmbH
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AKW Apparate und Verfahren GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
    • B04C5/085—Vortex chamber constructions with wear-resisting arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention first relates to a hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts, consisting of a hard, load-bearing outer layer made of plastic and a softer inner layer made of plastic.
  • a hydrocyclone is known from FIG. 6 of US Pat. No. 4,053,393.
  • this does not meet the requirements for the load-bearing capacity and stability of the outer layer and the wear resistance of the inner layer, which are required or sought in practical operation.
  • From US-A 3 800 946 hydrocyclones are known, which consist in one piece of abrasion-resistant polyurethane. This differs in principle from the two-layer structure of a hydrocyclone from an outer layer and an inner layer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-A 2 361 556 shows a hydrocyclone consisting of a cylindrical container which tapers conically downwards. Both the cylindrical and the conically tapering container consist of two plastic layers.
  • the outer, load-bearing layer should be made of a stable plastic, in particular a glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin, while the inner layer should consist of a thermoplastic.
  • the plastic provided for the inner layer wears out relatively quickly. As soon as this is only partially done, the outer layer, namely the glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin, is destroyed in a very short time. This, in turn, causes the suspension to exit the relevant portion of the hydrocyclone, i.e. the hydrocyclone is no longer usable.
  • Hydrocyclones or hydrocyclone parts are also known in which the outer layer consists of a steel shell and the inner layer consists of a relatively soft polyurethane. This is disadvantageous in several ways. Such a steel shell or layer is quite expensive to manufacture. The steel shell is very heavy, which increases the total weight of the hydrocyclones accordingly. However, such a weight hinders assembly and any repairs in which the hydrocyclone or its parts have to be replaced. A heavy hydrocyclone requires more stable or stronger foundations. In the case of transport, the transport costs are correspondingly higher.
  • the outer steel layer or shell will be removed very quickly by the constituents of the suspension to be processed in the hydrocyclone, since steel has a relatively low wear resistance against any abrasion caused thereby.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the load-bearing and abrasion resistance of such a hydrocyclone is increased, its manufacturing costs should be low and furthermore for the respectively desired connection the outer layer and the inner layer is taken care of.
  • the outer layer consists of a relatively hard polyurethane and the inner layer consists of a softer, more wear-resistant polyurethane, and that the outer layer and the inner layer at their common transition or The contact surfaces are in a casting compound.
  • An outer layer made of a relatively hard polyurethane has much better wearing properties than an outer layer made of a plastic according to the prior art. Such polyurethanes are so strong that they do not deform under the internal pressure of the hydrocyclone.
  • the disadvantages of the outer layer made of steel according to the further explained prior art are also avoided.
  • the abrasion-resistant inner layer made of polyurethane is much more resistant than the previously known plastic inner layers.
  • the outer layer of relatively hard polyurethane provided according to the invention has a considerably higher wear resistance than the known hydrocyclones. This extends the life of the hydrocyclone accordingly.
  • the casting composite provided according to this claim 1 between the outer layer and the inner layer has the effect that a bonding of both layers is achieved during the casting process.
  • Such a composite brings about an intimate adhesion between the inner layer and the outer layer, which is not given in the prior art explained. This results in greater stability of the hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone part and, in those cases in which part of the inner layer has already been worn out, there is still sufficient hold of the remaining part of the inner layer on the outer layer.
  • a preferred combined application of the features of claim 1 on the one hand and the features of claim 2 on the other hand is seen according to the invention in that in a hydrocyclone composed of several parts in its upper part, which has the suspension inlet and the overflow, a casting bond with one another between the outer layer and the inner layer is present, while in the remaining area of the hydrocyclone, in which the fractions are separated and the heavy or coarse fraction is discharged, a silicone separation layer is provided between the outer layer and the inner layer.
  • the remaining area of the hydrocyclone can also consist of a central part and a lower part.
  • claims 5 and 6 represent preferred hardness information of the polyurethanes used for the outer layer and the inner layer.
  • the invention is also intended to provide advantageous methods for producing such hydrocyclones or hydrocyclone parts.
  • the invention first provides that the outer load-bearing layer is first made and then the material of the inner, softer layer is poured into the outer layer and brought to hardening.
  • This has the advantage that the material of the inner layer does not have to be heat-treated twice. Repeated heat treatment could cause some of the polyurethanes to suffer from their wear resistance.
  • somewhat larger molding costs for the casting of the outer layer have to be accepted.
  • the inner, softer layer is first cast from a polyether polyurethane with a Shore hardness in the range around 80 Shore A, followed by heating (Tempering) this inner layer and then casting it with the outer layer made of the harder polyurethane.
  • the specified polyether polyurethane can withstand the second heat treatment in the form of annealing even without sacrificing wear resistance.
  • Such a polyether polyurethane is manufactured, for example, by the Dupont company. This is cheaper than the production of the hydrocyclones according to the above.
  • the hydrocyclone according to the invention basically consists of three parts, namely the lower part 1, the middle part 2 and the upper part 3.
  • the lower part 1 forms a discharge 4 for the heavy or coarse fraction.
  • the middle part 2 forms a region 5 in which the fine or light fraction of the suspension is separated from the coarse or heavy fraction essentially by the hydrocyclone effect.
  • the upper part 3 contains a suspension inlet 6 and an overflow 10 of the fine or lighter fraction.
  • the parts insofar as they have a load-bearing function, consist of a consistently numbered outer layer of 7 made of a relatively hard polyurethane, which can thus take over the load-bearing function, and a softer, very wear-resistant inner layer 8 of a correspondingly softer polyurethane.
  • the Shore hardness of the outer layer 7 is in the range from 95 to 105 Shore, while the Shore hardness of the inner layers 8 is preferably 75 to 85 Shore A.
  • the layers 7, 8 are preferably connected to one another at their contact surface 9 by a casting compound and held together. However, it can also be carried out in such a way that after casting one of these two layers, a thin silicone layer 11 is applied, preferably sprayed, on which surface intended for contact with the counter surface of the second layer. After appropriate wear, the inner layer can thus be easily detached from the outer layer and replaced by another inner layer. In the present exemplary embodiment, it is advisable to hold the outer and inner layers firmly together in the upper part 3 by means of a casting compound, whereas in the middle part 2 and lower part 1 the aforementioned silicone layer is to be provided between the outer and inner layer, since the greatest wear is to be expected there. This silicone layer is only indicated in the drawing by the number 11 and the associated dividing line between the inner and outer layers of the hydrocyclone parts 2 and 1.
  • a polyurethane must be selected for the inner layer that can withstand the two heat treatments without loss of wear resistance.
  • a polyether polyurethane with a Shore hardness in the range of 80 Shore A is provided.
  • the invention is explained above using the exemplary embodiment of a hydrocyclone, which is composed of several parts. As already mentioned at the beginning, the invention also relates to such a design, i.e. one-piece hydrocyclone. In the latter case, the above-mentioned casting compound is recommended.

Abstract

1. Hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts consisting of a hard supporting outer layer of synthetic material and a comparatively softer inner layer of synthetic material, characterised thereby, that the outer layer (7) consists of a relatively hard polyurethane and the inner layer (8) consists of a comparative softer polyurethane more resistant to wear and that the outer layer (7) and the inner layer (8) at their common transition or contact surfaces (9) each stand in a cast bond with the other.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft zunächst einen Hydrozyklon, bzw. Hydrozyklonteile, bestehend aus einer harten, tragenden Außenschicht aus Kunststoff und einer demgegenüber weicheren Innenschicht aus Kunststoff. Ein solcher Hydrozyklon ist aus Fig. 6 der US-A 4 053 393 bekannt. Dies genügt aber nicht den Anforderungen an die Tragfähigkeit und Stabilität der Außenschicht und die Verschleißfestigkeit der Innenschicht, die im praktischen Betrieb verlangt bzw. angestrebt werden. Aus US-A 3 800 946 sind zwar Hydrozyklone bekannt, die in sich einstückig aus abriebfestem Polyurethan bestehen. Dies weicht prinzipiell vom zweischichtigen Aufbau eines Hydrozyklons aus einer Außenschicht und einer Innenschicht gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 ab.The invention first relates to a hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts, consisting of a hard, load-bearing outer layer made of plastic and a softer inner layer made of plastic. Such a hydrocyclone is known from FIG. 6 of US Pat. No. 4,053,393. However, this does not meet the requirements for the load-bearing capacity and stability of the outer layer and the wear resistance of the inner layer, which are required or sought in practical operation. From US-A 3 800 946 hydrocyclones are known, which consist in one piece of abrasion-resistant polyurethane. This differs in principle from the two-layer structure of a hydrocyclone from an outer layer and an inner layer according to the preamble of claim 1.

DE-A 2 361 556 zeigt einen Hydrozyklon, bestehend aus einem zylindrischen, nach unten konisch sich verjüngenden Behälter. Sowohl der zylindrische, als auch der nach unten sich konisch verjüngende Behälter bestehen aus zwei Kunststoffschichten. Die äußere, tragende Schicht soll aus einem stabilen Kunststoff, insbesondere einem glasfaserverstärktem Kunstharz hergestellt sein, während die Innenschicht aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehen soll. Der für die Innenschicht vorgesehene Kunststoff verschleißt relativ rasch. Sobald dies nur teilweise geschehen ist hat dies in sehr kurzer Zeit eine Zerstörung der Außenschicht, nämlich des glasfaserverstärkten Kunstharzes zur Folge. Dies wiederum bewirkt das Austreten der Suspension an dem betreffenden Abschnitt des Hydrozyklons, d.h. der Hydrozyklon ist nicht mehr brauchbar.DE-A 2 361 556 shows a hydrocyclone consisting of a cylindrical container which tapers conically downwards. Both the cylindrical and the conically tapering container consist of two plastic layers. The outer, load-bearing layer should be made of a stable plastic, in particular a glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin, while the inner layer should consist of a thermoplastic. The plastic provided for the inner layer wears out relatively quickly. As soon as this is only partially done, the outer layer, namely the glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin, is destroyed in a very short time. This, in turn, causes the suspension to exit the relevant portion of the hydrocyclone, i.e. the hydrocyclone is no longer usable.

Ferner sind Hydrozyklone, bzw. Hydrozyklonteile bekannt, bei denen die Außenschicht aus einer Stahlhülle und die Innenschicht aus einem relativ weichen Polyurethan besteht. Dies ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht nachteilig. Die Herstellung einer solchen Stahlhülle oder -schicht ist ziemlich teuer. Die Stahlhülle ist sehr schwer, wodurch das Gesamtgewicht der Hydrozyklons entsprechend erhöht wird. Ein solches Gewicht behindert aber die Montage und etwaige Reparaturen, bei denen der Hydrozyklon oder seine Teile ausgewechselt werden müssen. Ein schwerer Hydrozyklon verlangt stabilere bzw. stärkere Fundamente. Im Falle eines Transportes ergeben sich entsprechend höhere Transportkosten. Ist die Innenschicht nach längerer Betriebszeit abgerieben, so wird dann die äußere Stahlschicht oder -hülle von den Bestandteilen der im Hydrozyklon zu verarbeitenden Suspension sehr rasch abgetragen werden, da Stahl gegen einen hiervon verursachten Abrieb eine relativ geringe Verschleißfestigkeit hat.Hydrocyclones or hydrocyclone parts are also known in which the outer layer consists of a steel shell and the inner layer consists of a relatively soft polyurethane. This is disadvantageous in several ways. Such a steel shell or layer is quite expensive to manufacture. The steel shell is very heavy, which increases the total weight of the hydrocyclones accordingly. However, such a weight hinders assembly and any repairs in which the hydrocyclone or its parts have to be replaced. A heavy hydrocyclone requires more stable or stronger foundations. In the case of transport, the transport costs are correspondingly higher. If the inner layer is rubbed off after a long period of operation, then the outer steel layer or shell will be removed very quickly by the constituents of the suspension to be processed in the hydrocyclone, since steel has a relatively low wear resistance against any abrasion caused thereby.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht demgegenüber darin, einen Hydrozyklon, bzw. Hydrozyklonteile gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die Trag- und Abriebfestigkeit eines solchen Hydrozyklons gesteigert wird, wobei seine Herstellungskosten gering sein sollen und wobei ferner für die jeweils gewünschte Verbindung der Außenschicht und der Innenschicht gesorgt ist.In contrast, the object of the invention is to improve a hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the load-bearing and abrasion resistance of such a hydrocyclone is increased, its manufacturing costs should be low and furthermore for the respectively desired connection the outer layer and the inner layer is taken care of.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird zunächst ausgehend vom eingangs zitierten Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 darin gesehen, daß die Außenschicht aus einem relativ harten Polyurethan und die Innenschicht aus einem demgegenüber weicheren, verschleißfesteren Polyurethan besteht, und daß die Außenschicht und die Innenschicht an ihren gemeinsamen Übergangs- bzw. Berührungsflächen miteinander in einem Gießverbund stehen. Eine Außenschicht aus einem relativ harten Polyurethan hat wesentlich bessere Trageigenschften als eine Außenschicht aus einem Kunststoff nach dem Stand der Technik. Derartige Polyurethane sind so fest, daß sie sich auch nicht unter dem Innendruck des Hydrozyklons verformen. Die Nachteile der aus Stahl bestehenden Außenschicht nach dem weiteren erläuterten Stand der Technik sind ebenfalls vermieden. Die abriebfeste Innenschicht aus Polyurethan ist wesentlich widerstandfähiger als die vorbekannten Kunststoff-Innenschichten. Ist die Innenschicht eines Hydrozyklons gemäß der Erfindung nach entsprechender Betriebsdauer an dieser oder jener Stelle durch die Suspension verschlissen, bzw. abgetragen, so hat die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Außenschicht aus relativ hartem Polyurethan gegenüber der Suspension eine wesentlich höhere Verschleißfestigkeit als bei den bekannten Hydrozyklonen. Dies verlängert die Lebensdauer des Hydrozyklons entsprechend.The solution to this problem is first seen from the preamble of claim 1 cited at the outset that the outer layer consists of a relatively hard polyurethane and the inner layer consists of a softer, more wear-resistant polyurethane, and that the outer layer and the inner layer at their common transition or The contact surfaces are in a casting compound. An outer layer made of a relatively hard polyurethane has much better wearing properties than an outer layer made of a plastic according to the prior art. Such polyurethanes are so strong that they do not deform under the internal pressure of the hydrocyclone. The disadvantages of the outer layer made of steel according to the further explained prior art are also avoided. The abrasion-resistant inner layer made of polyurethane is much more resistant than the previously known plastic inner layers. If the inner layer of a hydrocyclone according to the invention is worn or worn away by the suspension at this or that point after a corresponding period of operation, the outer layer of relatively hard polyurethane provided according to the invention has a considerably higher wear resistance than the known hydrocyclones. This extends the life of the hydrocyclone accordingly.

Bereits mit diesem Teil der Erfindung wird der überraschende Effekt erreicht, daß eine Verbesserung in der Funktion zusammen mit einer Reduzierung der Herstellungskosten erreicht wird, während in der Regel funktionelle Verbesserungen eines Gegenstandes mit entsprechenden Mehraufwendungen in der Fertigung erkauft werden müssen. Der gemäß diesem Anspruch 1 vorgesehene Gießverbund zwischen Außenschicht und Innenschicht bewirkt, daß beim Gießvorgang ein Verbund beider Schichten erreicht wird. Ein solcher Verbund bewirkt eine innige Haftung zwischen Innenschicht und Außenschicht, die beim erläuterten Stand der Technik nicht gegeben ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine größere Stabilität des Hydrozyklons, bzw. Hydrozyklonteiles und in solchen Fällen, in denen bereits ein Teil der Innenschicht verschlissen wurde, trotzdem noch einen hinreichenden Halt des verbleibenden Teiles der Innensicht an der Außenschicht.Already with this part of the invention, the surprising effect is achieved that an improvement in the function is achieved together with a reduction in the manufacturing costs, while functional improvements of an object with corresponding additional expenditure in production have to be bought as a rule. The casting composite provided according to this claim 1 between the outer layer and the inner layer has the effect that a bonding of both layers is achieved during the casting process. Such a composite brings about an intimate adhesion between the inner layer and the outer layer, which is not given in the prior art explained. This results in greater stability of the hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone part and, in those cases in which part of the inner layer has already been worn out, there is still sufficient hold of the remaining part of the inner layer on the outer layer.

Eine alternative Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgabe wird ausgehend ebenfalls von dem eingangs zitierten Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 darin gesehen, daß die Außenschicht aus einem relativ harten Polyurethan und die Innenschicht aus einem demgegenüber weicheren, verschleißfesteren Polyurethan besteht, und daß zwischen Außenschicht und Innenschicht eine Silikontrennschicht vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch werden zunächst die bereits vorstehend zum Anspruch 1 erläuterten Vorteile erreicht. Anstelle des Gießverbundes gemäß Anspruch 1 ist nun zwischen Außenschicht und Innenschicht eine Silikontrennschicht vorgesehen. Dies gibt die Möglichkeit, nach einem ganz oder teilweisen Verschleiß der Innenschicht diese relativ einfacher Weise, z.B. durch Aufstoßen oder Klopfen mit einem Hammer, von der Außenschicht zu lösen. Danach kann eine in der Fabrik hergestellte neue Innenschicht in die noch vorhandene Außenschicht wieder eingesetzt werden.An alternative solution to the above object is also seen starting from the preamble of claim 1 cited above in that the outer layer consists of a relatively hard polyurethane and the inner layer consists of a softer, more wear-resistant polyurethane, and that a silicone release layer is provided between the outer layer and the inner layer . In this way, the advantages already explained above for claim 1 are achieved. Instead of the cast composite according to claim 1, a silicone separating layer is now provided between the outer layer and the inner layer. This gives the opportunity to wear completely or partially the inner layer can be detached from the outer layer in a relatively simple manner, for example by belching or tapping with a hammer. A new inner layer manufactured in the factory can then be reinserted into the existing outer layer.

Eine bevorzugte kombinierte Anwendung der Merkmale des Anspruches 1 einerseits und der Merkmale des Anspruches 2 andererseits wird gemäß der Erfindung darin gesehen, daß bei einem aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzten Hydrozyklon bei dessen oberen, den Suspensionszulauf und den Überlauf aufweisenden Teil zwischen Außenschicht und Innenschicht ein Gießverbund miteinander vorhanden ist, während beim übrigen Bereich des Hydrozyklons, in dem die Trennung der Fraktionen und der Austrag der schweren bzw. groben Fraktion erfolgt, zwischen Außenschicht und Innenschicht eine Silikontrennschicht vorgesehen ist. Dabei kann ferner der übrige Bereich des Hydrozyklons aus einem Mittelteil und einem Unterteil bestehen. Hiermit ist der feste, die Stabilität erhöhende Zusammenhalt durch den Gießverband auf den durch den Zulauf entsprechend beanspruchten oberen Teil beschränkt, während der besonders dem Verschleiß ausgesetzte untere Bereich (Unterteil, bzw. Mittelteil und Unterteil) die schnelle und leichte Auswechselbarkeit einer verschlissenen Innenschicht ermöglicht.A preferred combined application of the features of claim 1 on the one hand and the features of claim 2 on the other hand is seen according to the invention in that in a hydrocyclone composed of several parts in its upper part, which has the suspension inlet and the overflow, a casting bond with one another between the outer layer and the inner layer is present, while in the remaining area of the hydrocyclone, in which the fractions are separated and the heavy or coarse fraction is discharged, a silicone separation layer is provided between the outer layer and the inner layer. The remaining area of the hydrocyclone can also consist of a central part and a lower part. This means that the solid, stability-enhancing cohesion is limited to the upper part, which is stressed by the inflow, while the lower area, which is particularly exposed to wear (lower part, or middle part and lower part), enables quick and easy replaceability of a worn inner layer.

Die Merkmale der Ansprüche 5 und 6 stellen bevorzugte Härte-Angaben der für die Außenschicht und die Innenschicht verwendete Polyurethane dar.The features of claims 5 and 6 represent preferred hardness information of the polyurethanes used for the outer layer and the inner layer.

Mit der Erfindung sollen ferner vorteilhafte Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Hydrozyklone, bzw. Hydrozyklonteile geschaffen werden. Hierzu sieht die Erfindung zunächst vor, daß zunächst die äußere tragende Schicht angefertigt und dann der Werkstoff der inneren, weicheren Schicht in die äußere Schicht eingegossen und zur Aushärtung gebracht wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß der Werkstoff der inneren Schicht nicht zweimal wärmebehandelt werden muß. Eine wiederholte Wärmebehandlung könnte nämlich bei manchen Polyurethanen dazu führen, daß hierunter ihre Verschleißfestigkeit leidet. Dafür müssen bei dieser Variante der Erfindung etwas größere Formkosten für das Gießen der äußeren Schicht in Kauf genommen werden.The invention is also intended to provide advantageous methods for producing such hydrocyclones or hydrocyclone parts. For this purpose, the invention first provides that the outer load-bearing layer is first made and then the material of the inner, softer layer is poured into the outer layer and brought to hardening. This has the advantage that the material of the inner layer does not have to be heat-treated twice. Repeated heat treatment could cause some of the polyurethanes to suffer from their wear resistance. For this variant of the invention, somewhat larger molding costs for the casting of the outer layer have to be accepted.

Als alternativ mögliches Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hydrozyklons, bzw. von Hydrozyklonteilen nach der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß zunächst die innere, weichere Schicht aus einem Polyäther-Polyurethan mit einer Shore-Härte im Bereich um 80 Shore A gegossen wird, daß anschließend eine Erwärmung (Temperung) dieser inneren Schicht und dann deren Umgießen mit der Außenschicht aus dem härteren Polyurethan erfolgt. Dies ergibt die Möglichkeit, unter Reduzierung der Formkosten die Außenschicht um die Innenschicht herumzugießen. Das hierzu angegebene Polyäther-Polyurethan verträgt auch ohne Einbuße der Verschleißfestigkeit die zweite Wärmebehandlung in Form eines Temperns. Ein solches Polyäther-Polyurethan wird beispielsweise von der Firma Dupont hergestellt. Dies ist billiber als die Herstellung der Hydrozyklone nach der o.g. US-PS 4 053 393.As an alternative possible method for producing a hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts according to the invention, it can be provided that the inner, softer layer is first cast from a polyether polyurethane with a Shore hardness in the range around 80 Shore A, followed by heating (Tempering) this inner layer and then casting it with the outer layer made of the harder polyurethane. This gives the possibility of casting the outer layer around the inner layer while reducing the molding costs. The specified polyether polyurethane can withstand the second heat treatment in the form of annealing even without sacrificing wear resistance. Such a polyether polyurethane is manufactured, for example, by the Dupont company. This is cheaper than the production of the hydrocyclones according to the above. U.S. Patent 4,053,393.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und nachstehend beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigt:

  • Fig. 1: einen Längsschnitt durch einen aus Unterteil, Mittelteil und Oberteil zusammengesetzten Hydrozyklon,
  • Fig. 2: einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and described below. The drawing shows:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a hydrocyclone composed of a lower part, middle part and upper part,
  • 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1st

Der Hydrozyklon nach der Erfindung besteht im Prinzip aus drei Teilen, nämlich dem unteren Teil 1, dem mittleren Teil 2 und dem oberen Teil 3. Der untere Teil 1 bildet einen Austrag 4 für die schwere, bzw. grobe Fraktion. Der Mittelteil 2 bildet einen Bereich 5, in dem im wesentlichen durch den Hydrozykloneffekt die feine, bzw. leichte Fraktion der Suspension von der groben bzw. schweren Fraktion getrennt wird. Der obere Teil 3 enthält einen Suspensionszulauf 6 und einen Überlauf 10 der feinen, bzw. leichteren Fraktion. Die vorgenannten Funktionen eines Hydrozyklones sind bekannt.The hydrocyclone according to the invention basically consists of three parts, namely the lower part 1, the middle part 2 and the upper part 3. The lower part 1 forms a discharge 4 for the heavy or coarse fraction. The middle part 2 forms a region 5 in which the fine or light fraction of the suspension is separated from the coarse or heavy fraction essentially by the hydrocyclone effect. The upper part 3 contains a suspension inlet 6 and an overflow 10 of the fine or lighter fraction. The aforementioned functions of a hydrocyclone are known.

Gemäß der Erfindung bestehen die Teile, sofern sie eine tragende Funktion haben, aus einer durchweg mit 7 bezifferten Außenschicht aus einem relativ harten Polyurethan, das somit die Tragfunktion übernehmen kann, und einer demgegenüber weicheren, sehr verschleißfesten Innenschicht 8 aus einem entsprechend weicheren Polyurethan. In einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist die Shore-Härte der Außenschicht 7 im Bereich von 95 bis 105 Shore gelegen, während die Shore-Härte der Innenschichten 8 bevorzugt 75 bis 85 Shore A beträgt.According to the invention, the parts, insofar as they have a load-bearing function, consist of a consistently numbered outer layer of 7 made of a relatively hard polyurethane, which can thus take over the load-bearing function, and a softer, very wear-resistant inner layer 8 of a correspondingly softer polyurethane. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Shore hardness of the outer layer 7 is in the range from 95 to 105 Shore, while the Shore hardness of the inner layers 8 is preferably 75 to 85 Shore A.

Die Schichten 7, 8 sind an ihrer Berührungsfläche 9 bevorzugt durch eine Gießverbund miteinander verbunden und aneinander gehalten. Es kann aber auch so vorgegangen werden, daß nach dem Gießen einer dieser beiden Schichten auf denen zur Anlage an die Gegenfläche der zweiten Schicht bestimmten Fläche eine dünne Silikonschicht 11 aufgetragen, bevorzugt aufgesprüht wird. Damit kann nach entsprechendem Verschleiß die Innenschicht leicht von der Außenschicht gelöst und durch eine andere Innenschicht ersetzt werden. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel empfiehlt es sich, im Oberteil 3 Außen- und Innenschicht durch einen Gießverbund fest aneinander zu halten, dagegen beim Mittelteil 2 und Unterteil 1 zwischen Außen- und Innenschicht die vorgenannte Silikonschicht vorzusehen, da dort der größte Verschleiß zu erwarten ist. Diese Silikonschicht ist in der Zeichnung lediglich durch die Ziffer 11 und die zugehörige Trennlinie zwischen den inneren und äußeren Schichten der Hydrozyklonteile 2 und 1 angedeutet.The layers 7, 8 are preferably connected to one another at their contact surface 9 by a casting compound and held together. However, it can also be carried out in such a way that after casting one of these two layers, a thin silicone layer 11 is applied, preferably sprayed, on which surface intended for contact with the counter surface of the second layer. After appropriate wear, the inner layer can thus be easily detached from the outer layer and replaced by another inner layer. In the present exemplary embodiment, it is advisable to hold the outer and inner layers firmly together in the upper part 3 by means of a casting compound, whereas in the middle part 2 and lower part 1 the aforementioned silicone layer is to be provided between the outer and inner layer, since the greatest wear is to be expected there. This silicone layer is only indicated in the drawing by the number 11 and the associated dividing line between the inner and outer layers of the hydrocyclone parts 2 and 1.

Man kann entweder zunächst die jeweiligen Außenschichten 7 herstellen und dann die Innenschichten 8 in diese eingießen, oder aber zunächst die Innenschicht gießen und dann nach entsprechendem Tempern der Innenschicht, die Außenschicht um diese herumgießen. Im letztgenannten Fall ist für die Innenschicht ein Polyurethan zu wählen, das ohne Verlust an Verschleißfestigkeit die zweimalige Wärmebehandlung aushält. Hierzu ist ein Polyäther-Polyurethan von einer Shore-Härte im Bereich von 80 Shore A vorgesehen.You can either first produce the respective outer layers 7 and then pour the inner layers 8 into them, or else first pour the inner layer and then, after appropriate annealing of the inner layer, pour the outer layer around it. In the latter case, a polyurethane must be selected for the inner layer that can withstand the two heat treatments without loss of wear resistance. For this purpose, a polyether polyurethane with a Shore hardness in the range of 80 Shore A is provided.

Die Erfindung ist vorstehend an dem Ausführungsbeispiel eines Hydrozyklons erläutert, der aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzt ist. Wie bereits eingangs erwähnt, bezieht sich die Erfindung auch auf einen derart ausgestalteten, d.h. in sich einteiligen Hydrozyklon. Im letztgenannten Fall empfiehlt sich der obengenannte Gießverbund.The invention is explained above using the exemplary embodiment of a hydrocyclone, which is composed of several parts. As already mentioned at the beginning, the invention also relates to such a design, i.e. one-piece hydrocyclone. In the latter case, the above-mentioned casting compound is recommended.

Claims (8)

1. Hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts consisting of a hard supporting outer layer of synthetic material and a comparatively softer inner layer of synthetic material, characterised thereby, that the outer layer (7) consists of a relatively hard polyurethane and the inner layer (8) consists of a comparative softer polyurethane more resistant to wear and that the outer layer (7) and the inner layer (8) at their common transition or contact surfaces (9) each stand in a cast bond with the other.
2. Hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts consisting of a hard supporting outer layer of synthetic material and a comparatively softer inner layer of synthetic material, characterised thereby, that the outer layer (7) consists of a relatively hard polyurethane and the inner layer (8) consists of a comparative softer polyurethane more resistant to wear and that a silicone interface (11) is provided between the outer layer (7) and the inner layer (8).
3. Hydrocyclone consisting of hydrocyclone parts according to the claims 1 and 2, characterised thereby, that at its upper part (3) displaying the suspension inlet (6) and the overflow (10), a cast bond is present between the outer layer (7) and the inner layer (8), whilst a silicone interface (11) is provided between the outer layer (7) and the inner layer (8) in the remaining region of the hydrocyclone, in which the separation of the fractions and the discharge of the heavy or coarse fraction takes place.
4. Hydrocyclone according to claim 3, characterised thereby, that the remaining region of the hydrocyclone consists of a middle part (2) and a lower part (1).
5. Hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised thereby, that the Shore hardness of the outer layer amounts to 95 to 105 Shore A.
6. Hydrocyclone or hydrocyclone parts according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised thereby, that the Shore hardness of the inner layer amounts to 75 to 85 Shore A.
7. Method for the manufacture of a hydrocyclone or of hydrocyclone parts according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby, that the outer supporting layer (7) is produced first and the material of the inner softer layer (8) is then poured into the outer layer and caused to harden.
8. Method for the manufacture of a hydrocyclone or of hydrocyclone parts according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby, that the inner softer layer (8) of a polyether-polyurethane of a Shore hardness in the range around 80 Shore A is cast first and a heating (tempering) of this inner layer and then casting the outer layer of the harder polyurethane around it take place subsequently.
EP87115828A 1986-10-29 1987-10-28 Hydrocyclone, or hydrocyclone parts, and methods for manufacturing them Expired - Lifetime EP0266669B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT87115828T ATE55071T1 (en) 1986-10-29 1987-10-28 HYDROCYCLONE, RESP. HYDROCYCLONE PARTS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE.

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DE3636734 1986-10-29
DE3636734 1986-10-29

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EP0266669B1 true EP0266669B1 (en) 1990-08-01

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AT (1) ATE55071T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3764065D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2016960B3 (en)

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RU2645503C1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-02-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный исследовательский центр "Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук" (ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН, КНЦ СО РАН) Rubber polymer material for internal filling of hydrocyclones

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RU2645503C1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-02-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный исследовательский центр "Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук" (ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН, КНЦ СО РАН) Rubber polymer material for internal filling of hydrocyclones

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EP0266669A1 (en) 1988-05-11
ES2016960B3 (en) 1990-12-16
ATE55071T1 (en) 1990-08-15
DE8717727U1 (en) 1990-02-15
DE3764065D1 (en) 1990-09-06

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