Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
  • C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions

Definitions

• alkyl sulfate salts which can be employed in the instant detergent compositions include sodium lauryl alkyl sulfate, sodium stearyl alkyl sulfate, sodium palmityl alkyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium myristly alkyl sulfate, potassium lauryl alkyl sulfate, potassium stearyl alkyl sulfate, potassium decyl sulfate, potassium palmity alkyl sulfate, potassium myristyl alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl suflate, potassium dodecyl sulfate, potassium tallow alkyl sulfate, sodium tallow alkyl sulfate, sodium coconut alkyl sulfate, magnesium coconut alkyl sulfate, calcium coconut alkyl sulfate, potassium coconut alkyl sulfate and mixtures of these surfactants.
• betaine compounds of this type include dodecyldimethylammonium acetate, tetradecyldimethylammonium acetate, hexadecyldimethylammonium acetate, alkyldimethylammonium acetate wherein the alkyl group averages about 14.8 carbon atoms in length, dodecyldimethylammonium butanoate, tetradecyldimethylammonium butanoate, hexadecyldimethylammonium butanoate, dodecyldimethylammonium hexanoate, hexadecyldimethylammonium hexanoate, tetradecyldimethylammonium pentanotate and tetradecyldipropyl ammonium pentanoate.
• Any suitable bleach agent that yields active chlorine in aqueous solution can be employed.
• Such bleaching agents yield a hypochlorite species in aqueous solution.
• the hypochlorite ion is chemically represented by the formula OCl ⁇ .
• the hypochlorite ion is a strong oxidizing agent and for this reason materials which yield this species are considered to be powerful bleaching agents.
• aqueous solutions formed by dissolving hypochlorite-yielding compounds contain active chlorine partially in the form of hypochlorous acid moieties and partially in the form of hypochlorite ions.
• active chlorine partially in the form of hypochlorous acid moieties and partially in the form of hypochlorite ions.
• pH levels above about 10 i.e., at the preferred pH levels of the instant compositions, essentially all of the active chlorine is in the form of hypochlorite ion.
• the most preferred thickening agents for naturally occurring and synthetic clays are the most preferred thickening agents for naturally occurring and synthetic clays.
• Smectites are three-layered clays. There are two distinct classes of smectite-clays. In the first, aluminium oxide is present in the silicate crystal lattice; in the second class of smectites, magnesium oxide is present in the silicate crystal lattice.
• the general formulas of these smectities are Al2(Si2O5)2(OH)2 and Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)2, for the aluminum and magnesium oxide type clays, respectively. It is to be recognized that the range of the water of hydration in the above formulas can vary with the processing to which the clay has been subjected.
• the smectite clays in the present compositions in that the expandable characteristics of the hydrated clays are dictated by the silicate lattice structures.
• atom substitution by iron and magnesium can occur within the crystal lattice of the smectities, while metal cation s such as Na+, and Ca++, as well as H+, can be copresent in the water of hydration to provide electrical neutrality.
• metal cation s such as Na+, and Ca++, as well as H+
• the presence of iron in such clay material is preferably avoided to minimize adverse reactions, e.g., a chemical interaction between clay and bleach, such cation substitutions in general are immaterial to the use of the clays herein since the desirable physical properties of the clay are not substantially altered thereby.
• the layered expandable aluminosilicate smectite clays useful herein are further characterized by a dioctahedral crystal lattice, whereas the expandable magnesium silicate clays have a trioctahedral crystal lattice.
• Attapulgite is magnesium-rich clays having principles of superposition of tetrahedral and octahedral unit cell elements different from the smectites.
• An idealized composition of the attapulgite unit cell is given as: (OH2)4(OH)2Mg5Si8O20.4H2.
• the clays employed in the compositions of the present invention contain cationic counter ions such as protons, sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and the like. It is customary to distinguish between clays on the basis of one cation which is predominantly or exclusively absorbed.
• a sodium clay is one in which the absorbed cation is predominately sodium. Such absorbed cations can become involved in exchange reactions with cations present in aqueous solutions.
• the present compositions contain up to about 12% or preferably up to about 8% potassium ions since they improve the viscosity increasing characteristics of the clay.
• Hectorites can also be used, particularly those of the types described in U.S. Patents 4,511,487 and 4,512,908 previously incorporated herein by reference.
• thickening agents include polycarboxylate polymers, e.g., polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, etc. and copolymers of such monomers with other monomers such as ethylene, etc.
• Sodium and potassium, and especially sodium silicates are preferred.
• the high level of silicates improves the stability of the product, especially with respect to suspension of solids.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (12)

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Citations (5)

• 1987
  • 1987-08-06 EP EP87201496A patent/EP0264975A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1987-08-17 AU AU77109/87A patent/AU7710987A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1987-08-17 FI FI873551A patent/FI873551A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-08-18 DK DK429887A patent/DK429887A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (5)

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