EP0264743A2 - Process for the preparation of a synthetic fuel from coal - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of a synthetic fuel from coal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0264743A2 EP0264743A2 EP87114786A EP87114786A EP0264743A2 EP 0264743 A2 EP0264743 A2 EP 0264743A2 EP 87114786 A EP87114786 A EP 87114786A EP 87114786 A EP87114786 A EP 87114786A EP 0264743 A2 EP0264743 A2 EP 0264743A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- hydrogen
- accordance
- pretreatment
- hydrogenation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a process for the preparation of a synthetic fuel derived from coal, and more precisely of a synthetic fuel consisting of mixtures of asphaltenic hydrocarbons and oils.
- the mixture obtained from processes of this kind is not in itself capable of being used as a fuel in that it is only partially soluble in the usual mixtures of hydrocarbon solvents (such as, for example, gas oils, petroleum naphthas, etc.)
- the process that is the subject of the present invention for the preparation of a synthetic fuel, derived from coal, consisting of mixtures of asphaltenic hydrocarbons and oils, comprising pretreatment of coal by causing the coal to react in an aqueous suspension with carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroxide or an alkali metal carbonates (preferably sodium or potassium) at a temperature of between 350 and 430°C, preferably between 370 and 400°C, the reaction time bein between 5 and 60 minutes, preferably between 5 and 30 minutes, with as necessary separation out of any derivatives obtained in this manner from coal that has not reacted and of the minerals contained in the coal itself , and with catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen and, if necessary, with a solvent that is a donor of hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst that is in itself already well-known.
- a hydroxide or an alkali metal carbonates preferably sodium or potassium
- mixture of asphaltenic hydrocarbons relates to such hydrocarbon mixtures as are soluble in organic aromatic solvents (benzene, toluene, etc.) and non-soluble in paraffinic solvents (such as hexane, heptane. etc.).
- mixture of oils is in reference to such hydrocarbon mixtures as are completely soluble in paraffinic solvents.
- Donor solvents which may possibly be used, are those that are used in traditional liquefaction processes (as, for instance, hydrogenated anthracene oil, tetralin, etc.).
- the catalysts used for the hdrogenatation process which are in themselves well-known, are for example those with a base of Ni and Mo or of Co and Mo, variously supported.
- the pressure in which pretreatment of the coal takes place depends both on the amount of water that is fed in with the coal, that is to say in the aqueous coal solution, which should preferably have a ratio by weight of between 2:1 and 5:1 in respect of the initial quantity of coal, and on partial pressure of the carbon monoxide that is used, which should for preference to between 40 and 80 atmospheres; this pressure should preferably be selected from a range of between 150 and 300 atmospheres.
- this can preferably be effected by applying solution heat treatment in polar solvents (including, for example, tetrahydrofuran (THF))
- polar solvents including, for example, tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- the hydrogen is supplied at a pressure of between 60 and 100 atmospheres.
- the derivatives obtained from the pretreatment process can after being separated out , as necessary, be submitted in toto to hydrogenation or only a part of them can be so treated, with the oils obtained from them being separated out and then mixed in with the product of hydrogenation.
- the product obtained can if required be treated further with a second hydrogenation process in order to raise the level of hydrogenation and reduce the molecular weight and the ether atoms content (sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen).
- the autoclave was then pressurized with 40 atmospheres of CO and brought up to a temperature of 400°C for 30 minutes.
- the hydrogenation level of the end product mixture was raised by 17%, bringing the H/C ratio up from 0.82 to 0.99, as is shown in the following table :
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of a synthetic fuel derived from coal, and more precisely of a synthetic fuel consisting of mixtures of asphaltenic hydrocarbons and oils.
- There are well-known processes in existence for the liquefraction of coal using carbon monoxide,water and a suitable catalyst for the production of hydrogen "in situ" for liquefying coal.
- These processes produce a mixture of hydrocarbons of a high moelcular weight, comprised of preasphaltense, asphaltenes and oils, with the ratios between them differing in accordance with the operating conditions applied.
- The mixture obtained from processes of this kind is not in itself capable of being used as a fuel in that it is only partially soluble in the usual mixtures of hydrocarbon solvents (such as, for example, gas oils, petroleum naphthas, etc.)
- It has, surprisingly, been discovered that by pretreating coal in a reducing system with carbon monoxide, water and a basic catalyst in suitable operating conditions, and submitting and derivatives derived from this pretreatment to a further process of catalytic hydrogenation, quantities are obtained of a mixture of hydrocarbon products that are completely soluble in the usual aromatic solvents and partially soluble (around 30 - 40%) in paraffinic solvents.
- The process that is the subject of the present invention, for the preparation of a synthetic fuel, derived from coal, consisting of mixtures of asphaltenic hydrocarbons and oils, comprising pretreatment of coal by causing the coal to react in an aqueous suspension with carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroxide or an alkali metal carbonates (preferably sodium or potassium) at a temperature of between 350 and 430°C, preferably between 370 and 400°C, the reaction time bein between 5 and 60 minutes, preferably between 5 and 30 minutes, with as necessary separation out of any derivatives obtained in this manner from coal that has not reacted and of the minerals contained in the coal itself , and with catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen and, if necessary, with a solvent that is a donor of hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst that is in itself already well-known.
- The term "mixture of asphaltenic hydrocarbons" relates to such hydrocarbon mixtures as are soluble in organic aromatic solvents (benzene, toluene, etc.) and non-soluble in paraffinic solvents (such as hexane, heptane. etc.).
- The term "mixture of oils" is in reference to such hydrocarbon mixtures as are completely soluble in paraffinic solvents.
- Donor solvents, which may possibly be used, are those that are used in traditional liquefaction processes (as, for instance, hydrogenated anthracene oil, tetralin, etc.).
- The catalysts used for the hdrogenatation process, which are in themselves well-known, are for example those with a base of Ni and Mo or of Co and Mo, variously supported.
- The pressure in which pretreatment of the coal takes place depends both on the amount of water that is fed in with the coal, that is to say in the aqueous coal solution, which should preferably have a ratio by weight of between 2:1 and 5:1 in respect of the initial quantity of coal, and on partial pressure of the carbon monoxide that is used, which should for preference to between 40 and 80 atmospheres; this pressure should preferably be selected from a range of between 150 and 300 atmospheres.
- The yields obtainable as a result of the pretreatment have been found to be equal to or even higher than 90% in reference to the organic part of the coal (dmmf = dry mineral matter free).
- It if is found necessary to separate out the intermediate product from any coal that has not reacted and from the minerals, this can preferably be effected by applying solution heat treatment in polar solvents (including, for example, tetrahydrofuran (THF))
- So far as hdrogentation of the derivatives is concerned, it is preferable for the hydrogen to be supplied at a pressure of between 60 and 100 atmospheres.
- The derivatives obtained from the pretreatment process can after being separated out , as necessary, be submitted in toto to hydrogenation or only a part of them can be so treated, with the oils obtained from them being separated out and then mixed in with the product of hydrogenation.
- The product obtained through the process with which the present invention is concerned as an atomic hydrogen/carbon ratio of 0.9 to 1.2, and a mean molecular weight of between 250 and 350
- The product obtained can if required be treated further with a second hydrogenation process in order to raise the level of hydrogenation and reduce the molecular weight and the ether atoms content (sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen).
- The example we give below is intended to illustrate the significance of the present invention, and is in no way to be taken as exhausting the invention's applications.
- A test experiment was conducted on some Illinois No. 6 coal; its elementary analysis data are shown in Table 1 below.
- For the pretreatment phase, 15 g of coal and 90 ml of an aqueous solution of 2 M of KOH were placed in a 1.1 autoclave.
- The autoclave was then pressurized with 40 atmospheres of CO and brought up to a temperature of 400°C for 30 minutes.
- On the completion of the reaction the product was recovered by means of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and then filtered to separate the mineral matter and the non-reacting coal from the soluble products (90% of dmmf).
- The soluble fraction in the THF was then evaporated and treated with an excess of hexane for the purpose of recovering the oil products (15% of the dmmf).
- 2 g of the product of the fraction soluble THF/non-soluble hexane were next hydrogenated in 30 ml minireactors with the addition of 5 mlf of tetralin , 0.2 g of Shell 324 Ni-Mo catalyst and 80 atmospheres of H₂ at a temperature of 400°C for 300 minutes.
- On the completion of the reaction, quantities were recovered of a product that was completely soluble in toluene and 23% soluble in hexane.
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Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT2207286 | 1986-10-22 | ||
IT22072/86A IT1213365B (en) | 1986-10-22 | 1986-10-22 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SYNTHETIC FUEL DERIVED FROM COAL |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0264743A2 true EP0264743A2 (en) | 1988-04-27 |
EP0264743A3 EP0264743A3 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
Family
ID=11191055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87114786A Withdrawn EP0264743A3 (en) | 1986-10-22 | 1987-10-09 | Process for the preparation of a synthetic fuel from coal |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0264743A3 (en) |
AU (1) | AU595392B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1279837C (en) |
IT (1) | IT1213365B (en) |
PL (1) | PL148428B1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA877837B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5110450A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-05-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Coal extract hydroconversion process comprising solvent enhanced carbon monoxide pretreatment |
US5151173A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-09-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Conversion of coal with promoted carbon monoxide pretreatment |
US5336395A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1994-08-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Liquefaction of coal with aqueous carbon monoxide pretreatment |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL239651B1 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2021-12-27 | Michalek Wieslaw | Ecological method for obtaining solid fuels from fossil coals |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB335543A (en) * | 1929-06-24 | 1930-09-24 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Improvements relating to the destructive hydrogenation of coal and other carbonaceous materials |
FR2464985A1 (en) * | 1979-09-12 | 1981-03-20 | Kunitoshi Shimizu | Oil prodn. by liquefaction of coal - by agitation with aq. alkali |
-
1986
- 1986-10-22 IT IT22072/86A patent/IT1213365B/en active
-
1987
- 1987-10-09 EP EP87114786A patent/EP0264743A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-10-19 CA CA000549645A patent/CA1279837C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-19 ZA ZA877837A patent/ZA877837B/en unknown
- 1987-10-21 PL PL1987268344A patent/PL148428B1/en unknown
- 1987-10-21 AU AU80007/87A patent/AU595392B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB335543A (en) * | 1929-06-24 | 1930-09-24 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Improvements relating to the destructive hydrogenation of coal and other carbonaceous materials |
FR2464985A1 (en) * | 1979-09-12 | 1981-03-20 | Kunitoshi Shimizu | Oil prodn. by liquefaction of coal - by agitation with aq. alkali |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5110450A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-05-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Coal extract hydroconversion process comprising solvent enhanced carbon monoxide pretreatment |
US5151173A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1992-09-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Conversion of coal with promoted carbon monoxide pretreatment |
US5336395A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1994-08-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Liquefaction of coal with aqueous carbon monoxide pretreatment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT8622072A0 (en) | 1986-10-22 |
IT1213365B (en) | 1989-12-20 |
PL148428B1 (en) | 1989-10-31 |
EP0264743A3 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
ZA877837B (en) | 1988-04-21 |
AU595392B2 (en) | 1990-03-29 |
CA1279837C (en) | 1991-02-05 |
PL268344A1 (en) | 1988-08-18 |
AU8000787A (en) | 1988-04-28 |
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Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19900619 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GIRARDI, ERMANNO Inventor name: DELBIANCO, ALBERTO |