EP0261474B1 - Cable plug - Google Patents

Cable plug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0261474B1
EP0261474B1 EP87112884A EP87112884A EP0261474B1 EP 0261474 B1 EP0261474 B1 EP 0261474B1 EP 87112884 A EP87112884 A EP 87112884A EP 87112884 A EP87112884 A EP 87112884A EP 0261474 B1 EP0261474 B1 EP 0261474B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
cable plug
metal part
plug according
cable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87112884A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0261474A2 (en
EP0261474A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Dipl.-Ing. Zell
Peter Seidel
Leo Pelzl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT87112884T priority Critical patent/ATE82650T1/en
Publication of EP0261474A2 publication Critical patent/EP0261474A2/en
Publication of EP0261474A3 publication Critical patent/EP0261474A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0261474B1 publication Critical patent/EP0261474B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/658High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
    • H01R13/6591Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members
    • H01R13/6592Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the conductive member being a shielded cable
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/658High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
    • H01R13/6591Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members
    • H01R13/6594Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the shield being mounted on a PCB and connected to conductive members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable connector which receives the end of a shielded cable and which consists of a unit equipped with contact elements and a housing rigidly connected to it for shielding.
  • the contact elements of such a cable plug to which the wires of a switching cable are connected, are brought together with corresponding mating contact elements during the plugging process.
  • the shielding jacket of the cable must be connected to earth potential carriers suitable for the respective application.
  • the shielding jacket of the switching cable is connected to a shielding plate which is located inside the cable connector. Individual jumper wires are connected to the shield plate, which lead to very specific contact elements of the cable connector.
  • a cable plug In order to be able to use all connection elements of a cable plug for signal transmission, a cable plug is known (DE-AS 27 40 684), the individual components of which are joined together to form a housing by means of a carrier plate.
  • This metallic carrier plate is electrically connected to the shielding jacket, so that an earth connection is made possible via contact points provided on it during the plugging process. This is done in that these contact points can be contacted with contact springs on the grounded carrier rails of the assembly frame are attached. A relatively low-resistance connection to the earth potential layer is thus achieved.
  • the cable plug consists of a plurality of components, the housing being formed by an additional carrier plate. This also complicates the assembly of the cable connector.
  • the shielding function is not optimal. It is also known to use two metallic housing parts for the derivation or for the shielding function. In such a case, there are many joints, which increases the overall coupling resistance. In such a case, the effectiveness of the shielding can no longer be guaranteed.
  • the housing is formed from a one-piece U-shaped bent and under spring tension on the metal part fitted with the contact elements, which encloses the unit with its legs in such a way that it is close to reach to the lower edge of the unit or protrude beyond it, and that between its web surface and the - in relation to the plugging direction - rear end surface of the unit serves to accommodate the end of the cable, that the metal part has a locking element that after sliding the Metal part locked onto the unit with a corresponding locking element of the unit that the electrical connection to an earth potential carrier is established indirectly or directly via the legs.
  • the one-piece housing Due to the one-piece housing, the number of parts is reduced while the assembly steps are reduced, making assembly easy. Characterized in that the metallic housing extends far over the unit equipped with the contact elements, the derivation of the shielding sheath of a switching cable connected to it is made possible over a short direct distance over a large area to an earth potential carrier. At the same time there is an optimal shielding function, which is further optimized by the fact that the cable is surrounded by the web surface. After connecting the individual wires of the cable to be inserted, the housing can be easily assembled with the unit mentioned above via a clamping connection achieved with the spring tension and the fixing via the positive locking connection without additional connecting elements.
  • the legs overlap the surfaces associated with the broad sides.
  • the legs of the U-shaped metal part make contact with a grounded metallic element which is introduced into a centering unit which serves to guide and receive the cable connector during the plugging process.
  • This element e.g. B. contacted at several points with the legs mentioned, can for example be a spring element, which in turn is in direct contact with the earth potential carrier. All connection elements of the plug can be used for signal transmission.
  • the legs of the U-shaped bent metal part extend beyond the lower edge of the unit on both sides and are designed in this area as preformed resilient tongues. With these tongues is then immediately. H. in the shortest possible way, contacting the earth potential carrier.
  • the large-area contact is further improved if each leg is divided into at least two such tongues, each of which is curved toward the contact point.
  • An embodiment provides that the spring tongue is slotted and that it engages laterally in a corresponding lateral extension of the cutout in the earth potential carrier when plugged in and that the outer edge designed as a locking lug engages behind this plate.
  • the spring effect is further increased by the slitting.
  • a screw connection must also be used to directly connect the cable connector housing to the earth potential carrier.
  • the screw-on surface can have a large number of points which are raised at a point.
  • the earth potential carrier can represent a shielding plate, in which a corresponding cutout is made in the plug-in area of the cable plug for the passage to the respective mating contacts.
  • the metal part 1 shown in FIG. 1 forms after the assembly with the unit 16 containing the contact elements, which thus represents, for example, the female connector body, the housing of the cable connector according to FIG. 2.
  • the web surface 15 of the basically U-shaped bent metal part runs - as 2 - at a certain angle to the lower boundary line. This results in an oblique exit for the cable 7.
  • the obliquely extending web surface 15 is angled in three relative to one another Subareas divided.
  • the two outer partial surfaces have an opening 2 and 3 and the middle one an opening 4. These openings serve to receive the metal strip 14 to be used in a known manner for fastening the switching cable and its shielding jacket.
  • the inclination of the partial areas mentioned to one another results in an approximately circular upper limitation of the receiving space for the cable end, the individual wires of which are connected to the contact elements of the unit 16. Due to this shape of the web surface 15, the cable 7 is centered and at the same time it is well enclosed by the metal part.
  • the metal part 1 consists of a highly conductive spring material, for. B. made of nickel silver sheet. His legs 6 are bent inwards due to the predetermined spring action. This state is shown in broken lines in FIG. 1. The metal part 1 still has tabs 5 bent almost at right angles to the legs 6. This makes it possible, in the plugged-in state, to contact these tabs with grounding springs in a specific embodiment, so that additional derivation can take place. These earthing springs can be connected to individual contact elements of the unit 16.
  • the locking elements 8, 9 and 11 can be seen from the side view of FIG. 2, by means of which the metal housing, which is closed on one side, is fixed in its position. After the wiring of the cable wires, including the cable, is pushed onto the unit 16, which represents the female connector body, in the spread state, up to the position predetermined by the latching elements. Cutouts 10, 11 and 12 are provided in the housing part 1 as locking elements. The elements corresponding to them are the locking lugs 8, 9 and 13. The locking lugs 8 and 9 are attached to corner pillars 26 which are to be seen as an extension of the corner regions of the unit 16. On the partial surface of each corner pillar running on the narrow side of the cable connector is the already mentioned tab 5.
  • the cutout 12 of the housing 1 encloses the latching lug 13 of the unit 16. It would also be conceivable to provide the housing part with correspondingly raised points, which then snap into corresponding recesses in the unit 16 in order to fix the position of the applied housing part.
  • the latching points are attached in the same way on the respective other leg side of the housing 1. In general terms, this means that each locking position of one side surface is also mirror-symmetrical on the opposite side surface. This ensures that, with the same positioning of the unit 16, the housing 1 can also be applied to the unit 16 in the opposite direction. The same locking points are then used for locking.
  • the cable 7 can be discharged obliquely to both sides as required. Due to this oblique removal of the cable, the space required for the cable outlet is basically reduced. Due to the oblique discharge, the compact housing shape shown for the cable connector is also possible.
  • FIG. 3 shows the centering module attached to a shielding plate 20, which is shown in cross section.
  • the centering module body 17 and the associated spring element 25, which forms a functional unit with it, is fastened to a shielding plate 20 above the recess 22 matched thereto by simply pressing it on. This is done by a plurality of latching hooks 21, which are present at least on two opposite sides. After the centering unit has been pressed on, they engage under the boundary line of the existing cutout facing away from the direction of application. This creates a snap connection with good cohesion between the shielding plate 20 and the centering unit 17 Locking hooks 21 are connected to the body 17 as elastic parts and are bevelled accordingly to facilitate the insertion process.
  • a cable plug shown with its normal front view is introduced into the centering unit 17.
  • the unit 16 is a female connector body
  • the cable connector is plugged onto the free ends of corresponding contact blades 23, for example.
  • These can be arranged on a backplane wiring board of a module frame.
  • a subsequent shielding plate 20, which is connected to ground potential, can then serve as the end plate.
  • an opening 22 of this shielding plate 20 is provided which is adapted to the dimensions of the centering unit.
  • the spring element 25 can be pushed onto the centering unit 17 as a prefabricated element.
  • the existing spring tongues of the contact spring element 25 lie in a corresponding recess 24 in the centering body.
  • connection point of the spring element 25 with the shielding plate 20 is designated 19.
  • the electrical connection to this shielding plate is made when the centering unit is attached.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment in which the unit 16 enclosing the broad side Legs of the metal part 1 are designed as resilient tongues 27.
  • guide elements for the plug are not shown in the same way as in FIGS. 6 and 7. However, guide elements adapted to these embodiments can be used.
  • the spring tongues 27 extend beyond the lower edge of the unit 16 receiving the contact elements. As shown in FIG. 5, they are curved, the outer surfaces of this bulge contacting the side surface of the cutout 22 present in the shielding plate 20. These contact points 28 are provided several times on each broad side. There is therefore a direct transition from the metallic housing 1 to the grounded shielding plate 20. This is the same in the case of the spring tongues according to FIG. 6.
  • the spring tongues are not curved, but they are slotted to increase the spring effect.
  • the individual spring tongues thus rest resiliently on the end face of the cut-out area correspondingly enlarged for their reception. They also have an additional latching function, since they grip under the cutout in the shielding plate 20 with the paragraph provided for this purpose.
  • An electrically highly conductive spring plate is selected for the metallic housing 1.
  • a further variant, not shown, is conceivable, in which the U-shaped metal part is bent at its end opposite the web surface 15 directly at the lower edge of the unit 16 in the form of a tab.
  • a screw connection can then be used via these tabs for direct contacting of the cable connector housing.
  • the screw-on surface can have a large number of points which are raised at a point.

Abstract

The housing of the cable plug is exclusively formed of a one-piece metal part bent U-shaped which presses against the unit equipped with the contact spring elements under spring tension. In order for a shielding elimination to ensue on a short, direct path to a grounded potential carrier, the legs of the metal part nearly surround the unit or they even extend beyond it. In such a case, they are executed as resilient tongues with which an electrical connection to the grounded potential carrier directly ensues. Catch elements are provided for an interlocking connection of the metal part to the unit containing the spring clips or the blade strips. The web surface of the metal part proceeds at a slant relative to the bottom edges of its legs. In order to enable an oblique exit of the cable both toward the top and bottom, as well as toward the right and left, the said unit can also be engaged side-inverted without loss of positioning.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kabelstecker, der das Ende eines geschirmten Kabels aufnimmt und der aus einer mit Kontaktelementen bestückten Einheit und einem mit ihr starr verbundenen zur Schirmung mitausgenutztem Gehäuse besteht.The invention relates to a cable connector which receives the end of a shielded cable and which consists of a unit equipped with contact elements and a housing rigidly connected to it for shielding.

Die Kontaktelemente eines solchen Kabelsteckers, an welchem die Adern eines Schaltkabels angeschlossen sind, werden beim Steckvorgang mit entsprechenden Gegenkontaktelementen zusammengeführt. Der Schirmungsmantel des Kabels ist dabei mit für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall geeigneten Erdpotentialträgern in Verbindung zu bringen. Bei der Anordnung nach der DE-OS 25 41 938 wird der Schirmungsmantel des Schaltkabels mit einem Schirmblech verbundenen, das sich im Innern des Kabelsteckers befindet. Es sind dabei an das Schirmblech einzelne Schaltdrähte angeschlossen, welche zu ganz bestimmten Kontaktelementen des Kabelsteckers führen. Nach dem Steckvorgang wird aufgrund der Beschaltung der entsprechenden Gegenkontakte eine Verbindung zu geerdeten Elementen, wie beispielsweise zu den Trägerschienen eines Baugruppenrahmens, hergestellt.The contact elements of such a cable plug, to which the wires of a switching cable are connected, are brought together with corresponding mating contact elements during the plugging process. The shielding jacket of the cable must be connected to earth potential carriers suitable for the respective application. In the arrangement according to DE-OS 25 41 938, the shielding jacket of the switching cable is connected to a shielding plate which is located inside the cable connector. Individual jumper wires are connected to the shield plate, which lead to very specific contact elements of the cable connector. After the plug-in process, a connection to grounded elements, such as, for example, to the support rails of a module frame, is established due to the wiring of the corresponding mating contacts.

Um alle Anschlußelemente eines Kabelsteckers zur Signalübertragung ausnutzen zu können, ist ein Kabelstecker bekannt (DE-AS 27 40 684), dessen einzelne Bestandteile vermittels einer Trägerplatte zu einem Gehäuse zusammengefügt sind. Diese metallische Trägerplatte ist mit dem Schirmungsmantel elektrisch verbunden, so daß über an ihr vorgesehene Kontaktstellen beim Steckvorgang eine Erdverbindung ermöglicht wird. Dies erfolgt dadurch, daß diese Kontaktierungsstellen mit Kontaktfedern kontaktierbar sind, die an den geerdeten Trägerschienen des Baugruppenrahmens befestigt sind. Es wird damit eine relativ niederohmige Verbindung zu der Erdpotentialschicht erreicht. Der Kabelstecker jedoch besteht aus einer Mehrzahl von Bestandteilen, wobei das Gehäuse durch eine zusätzliche Trägerplatte mitgebildet wird. Dadurch wird auch die Montage des Kabelsteckers erschwert. Die Schirmungsfunktion ist nicht optimal. Es ist auch bekannt, zur Ableitung bzw. zur Schirmungsfunktion zwei metallische Gehäuseteile zu verwenden. In einem solchen Fall ergeben sich viele Stoßstellen, wodurch der Gesamtkopplungswiderstand erhöht wird. Die Wirkung der Abschirmung ist in einem solchen Fall nicht mehr sicher gewährleistet.In order to be able to use all connection elements of a cable plug for signal transmission, a cable plug is known (DE-AS 27 40 684), the individual components of which are joined together to form a housing by means of a carrier plate. This metallic carrier plate is electrically connected to the shielding jacket, so that an earth connection is made possible via contact points provided on it during the plugging process. This is done in that these contact points can be contacted with contact springs on the grounded carrier rails of the assembly frame are attached. A relatively low-resistance connection to the earth potential layer is thus achieved. However, the cable plug consists of a plurality of components, the housing being formed by an additional carrier plate. This also complicates the assembly of the cable connector. The shielding function is not optimal. It is also known to use two metallic housing parts for the derivation or for the shielding function. In such a case, there are many joints, which increases the overall coupling resistance. In such a case, the effectiveness of the shielding can no longer be guaranteed.

Erhöhte Signalverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten und damit stärkere Störfelder der Signalleitungen sowie die wachsende Polzahl der Steckverbindungen erfordern eine äußerst wirksame Ableitung bzw. Schirmungsfunktion.Increased signal processing speeds and thus stronger interference fields in the signal lines as well as the increasing number of poles in the plug connections require an extremely effective derivation or shielding function.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, für einen derartigen Kabelstecker bei einfachstem Aufbau die Ableitung des Schirmungsmantels eines Schalterkabels und gleichzeitig die Schirmungsfunktion des gesamten Kabelsteckers zu optimieren. Weiterhin wird eine Reduzierung der Montageschritte angestrebt.It is the object of the invention to optimize the derivation of the shielding jacket of a switch cable and at the same time the shielding function of the entire cable plug for such a cable plug with the simplest construction. A reduction in the number of assembly steps is also sought.

Dies wird für einen Kabelstecker der eingangs genannten Art dadurch erreicht, daß das Gehäuse aus einem einteiligen U-förmig gebogenen und unter Federspannung auf der mit den Kontaktelementen bestückten Einheit aufliegenden Metallteil gebildet ist, das mit seinen Schenkeln die Einheit derart umschließt, daß diese bis nahe an den unteren Rand der Einheit heranreichen oder über diesen hinausragen, und daß zwischen seiner Stegfläche und der - bezogen auf die Steckrichtung - hinteren Endfläche der Einheit ein zur Aufnahme des Kabelendes dienender Raum entsteht, daß das Metallteil ein Rastelement aufweist, das nach dem Aufschieben des Metallteils auf die Einheit mit einem damit korrespondierenden Rastelement der Einheit verrastet, daß über die Schenkel mittelbar oder unmittelbar die elektrische Verbindung zu einem Erdpotentialträger hergestellt wird.This is achieved for a cable connector of the type mentioned in that the housing is formed from a one-piece U-shaped bent and under spring tension on the metal part fitted with the contact elements, which encloses the unit with its legs in such a way that it is close to reach to the lower edge of the unit or protrude beyond it, and that between its web surface and the - in relation to the plugging direction - rear end surface of the unit serves to accommodate the end of the cable, that the metal part has a locking element that after sliding the Metal part locked onto the unit with a corresponding locking element of the unit that the electrical connection to an earth potential carrier is established indirectly or directly via the legs.

Aufgrund des einstückigen Gehäuses ergibt sich durch die Reduzierung der Teile bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Montageschritte eine einfache Montage. Dadurch, daß das metallische Gehäuse die mit den Kontaktelementen bestückte Einheit weitreichend übergreift, wird die Ableitung des mit ihm verbundenen Schirmungsmantels eines Schaltkabels auf kurzem direktem Weg großflächig zu einem Erdpotentialträger ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig ist damit eine optimale Schirmungsfunktion gegeben, die dadurch noch optimiert wird, daß das Kabel von der Stegfläche umfaßt wird. Ohne zusätzliche Verbindungselemente wird nach dem Anschließen der einzelnen Adern des einzubringenden Kabels die einfache Zusammenfügung des Gehäuses mit der genannten Einheit über eine mit der Federspannung erreichte Klemmverbindung und die Fixierung über die formschlüssige Rastverbindung ermöglicht.Due to the one-piece housing, the number of parts is reduced while the assembly steps are reduced, making assembly easy. Characterized in that the metallic housing extends far over the unit equipped with the contact elements, the derivation of the shielding sheath of a switching cable connected to it is made possible over a short direct distance over a large area to an earth potential carrier. At the same time there is an optimal shielding function, which is further optimized by the fact that the cable is surrounded by the web surface. After connecting the individual wires of the cable to be inserted, the housing can be easily assembled with the unit mentioned above via a clamping connection achieved with the spring tension and the fixing via the positive locking connection without additional connecting elements.

Bei einer rechteckförmigen Ausbildung des Kabelsteckers mit einer Breit- und einer Schmalseite übergreifen die Schenkel die den Breitseiten zugehörigen Flächen.In the case of a rectangular design of the cable connector with a broad and a narrow side, the legs overlap the surfaces associated with the broad sides.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kontaktieren beim Steckvorgang die Schenkel des U-förmigen Metallteils mit einem geerdeten metallischen Element, das in einer der Führung und Aufnahme des Kabelsteckers dienenden Zentriereinheit eingebracht ist. Dieses Element, das z. B. an mehreren Stellen mit den genannten Schenkeln kontaktiert, kann beispielsweise ein Federelement sein, das seinerseits unmittelbar mit dem Erdpotentialträger in leitender Verbindung steht. Es können alle Anschlußelemente des Steckers zur Signalübertragung ausgenutzt werden.According to a further development of the invention, the legs of the U-shaped metal part make contact with a grounded metallic element which is introduced into a centering unit which serves to guide and receive the cable connector during the plugging process. This element, e.g. B. contacted at several points with the legs mentioned, can for example be a spring element, which in turn is in direct contact with the earth potential carrier. All connection elements of the plug can be used for signal transmission.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung reichen die Schenkel des U-förmig gebogenen Metallteils beidseitig über den unteren Rand der Einheit hinaus und sind in diesem Bereich als vorgeformte federnde Zungen ausgebildet. Mit diesen Zungen erfolgt dann unmittelbar, d. h. auf kürzest möglichem Wege, die Kontaktierung mit dem Erdpotentialträger. Die großflächige Kontaktierung wird noch verbessert, wenn jeder Schenkel mindestens in zwei derartige Zungen geteilt ist, die jeweils zur Kontaktierstelle hin gewölbt sind.According to a development of the invention, the legs of the U-shaped bent metal part extend beyond the lower edge of the unit on both sides and are designed in this area as preformed resilient tongues. With these tongues is then immediately. H. in the shortest possible way, contacting the earth potential carrier. The large-area contact is further improved if each leg is divided into at least two such tongues, each of which is curved toward the contact point.

Eine Ausbildung sieht vor, daß die Federzunge geschlitzt ist und daß sie in eine entsprechende seitliche Erweiterung des Ausschnitts im Erdpotentialträger beim Stecken seitlich kontaktierend eingreift und daß der als Rastnase ausgebildete äußere Rand diese Platte hintergreift. Durch die Schlitzung wird die Federwirkung noch erhöht. Zur direkten Ankontaktierung des Kabelsteckergehäuses mit dem Erdpotentialträger ist auch eine Schraubenverbindung zu verwenden. Zur Verbesserung der Ankontaktierung kann die Anschraubfläche eine Vielzahl von punktförmig erhabenen Stellen aufweisen. Der Erdpotentialträger kann eine Schirmungsplatte darstellen, in der im Steckbereich des Kabelsteckers für den Durchgriff zu den jeweiligen Gegenkontakten ein entsprechender Ausschnitt angebracht ist.An embodiment provides that the spring tongue is slotted and that it engages laterally in a corresponding lateral extension of the cutout in the earth potential carrier when plugged in and that the outer edge designed as a locking lug engages behind this plate. The spring effect is further increased by the slitting. A screw connection must also be used to directly connect the cable connector housing to the earth potential carrier. To improve the contacting, the screw-on surface can have a large number of points which are raised at a point. The earth potential carrier can represent a shielding plate, in which a corresponding cutout is made in the plug-in area of the cable plug for the passage to the respective mating contacts.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß dann, wenn eines oder mehrere der jeweils miteinander korrespondierenden Rastelemente auf jeder der von einem Schenkel umfaßten Fläche vorhanden sind, diese Rastelemente so angeordnet sind, daß sie unter Beibehaltung der Positionierung der Einheit auch bei beliebiger Seitenlage des übergreifenden Metallteils untereinander verrasten. Dadurch wird es möglich, ohne zusätzliche Anordnungen auch bei schräger Kabelführung den Abgang des Kabels sowohl auf der einen als auch auf der anderen Seite vorzusehen.According to a development of the invention, it is provided that when one or more of the mutually corresponding locking elements are present on each of the surfaces encompassed by a leg, these locking elements are arranged such that they maintain the positioning of the unit even in any side position of the Lock overlapping metal part with each other. This makes it possible to provide the cable outlet both on one side and on the other side without additional arrangements, even when the cable is routed at an angle.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den restlichen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the remaining subclaims.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.
Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
das einteilige Metallteil mit schräg verlaufender Stegfläche,
Fig. 2
die Seitenansicht des durch die Verbindung von Metallteil und der genannten Einheit gebildeten Kabelsteckers,
Fig. 3
die Vorderansicht des Kabelsteckers, der in einer im Schnitt dargestellten Zentriereinheit eingebracht ist, wobei diese Zentriereinheit mit einer Schirmungsplatte verbunden ist,
Fig. 4
die schematische Seitenansicht eines Kabelsteckers, dessen Metallteil zum Ende hin zungenförmig ausgebildet ist,
Fig. 5
einen schematisierten Querschnitt durch den Kabelstecker nach Fig. 4,
Fig. 6
eine Ausführungsform der Federzungen und
Fig. 7
einen schematisierten Querschnitt entsprechend der Fig. 6 zur Darstellung des notwendigen Ausschnittes in der Schirmungsplatte.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.
It shows:
Fig. 1
the one-piece metal part with an inclined web surface,
Fig. 2
the side view of the cable connector formed by the connection of metal part and said unit,
Fig. 3
the front view of the cable connector, which is inserted in a centering unit shown in section, this centering unit being connected to a shielding plate,
Fig. 4
the schematic side view of a cable connector, the metal part is tongue-shaped towards the end,
Fig. 5
3 shows a schematic cross section through the cable connector according to FIG. 4,
Fig. 6
an embodiment of the spring tongues and
Fig. 7
a schematic cross section corresponding to FIG. 6 to show the necessary section in the shielding plate.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Metallteil 1 bildet nach der Zusammenfügung mit der die Kontaktelemente beinhaltenden Einheit 16, die also beispielsweise den Federleistenkörper darstellt, das Gehäuse des Kabelsteckers gemäß der Fig. 2. Die Stegfläche 15 des grundsätzlich U-förmig gebogenen Metallteils verläuft - wie aus der Fig. 2 ersichtlich - in einem bestimmten Winkel zur unteren Begrenzungslinie. Damit ergibt sich ein schräger Ausgang für das Kabel 7. Die schräg verlaufende Stegfläche 15 ist in drei zueinander abgewinkelte Teilflächen unterteilt. Die beiden äußeren Teilflächen weisen eine Öffnung 2 bzw. 3 und die mittlere eine Öffnung 4 auf. Diese Öffnungen dienen dazu, das zur Befestigung des Schaltkabels und seines Schirmungsmantels in bekannter Weise einzusetzende Metallband 14 aufzunehmen. Durch die Neigung der genannten Teilflächen zueinander ergibt sich eine angenähert kreisförmige obere Begrenzung des Aufnahmeraumes für das Kabelende, dessen einzelne Adern mit den Kontaktelementen der Einheit 16 verbunden sind. Durch diese Form der Stegfläche 15 wird für das Kabel 7 eine Zentrierung vorgenommen und gleichzeitig wird es vom Metallteil gut umschlossen. Das Metallteil 1 besteht aus einem gut leitenden Federwerkstoff, z. B. aus Neusilberblech. Seine Schenkel 6 sind aufgrund der vorgegebenen Federwirkung nach innen gebogen. Dieser Zustand ist in der Fig. 1 strichpunktiert dargestellt. Das Metallteil 1 weist noch nahezu rechtwinklig zu den Schenkeln 6 abgebogene Lappen 5 auf. Dadurch ist es möglich, im gesteckten Zustand in einer bestimmten Ausführungsform diese Lappen mit Erdungsfedern zu kontaktieren, so daß damit eine zusätzliche Ableitung erfolgen kann. Diese Erdungsfedern sind mit einzelnen Kontaktelementen der Einheit 16 verbindbar.The metal part 1 shown in FIG. 1 forms after the assembly with the unit 16 containing the contact elements, which thus represents, for example, the female connector body, the housing of the cable connector according to FIG. 2. The web surface 15 of the basically U-shaped bent metal part runs - as 2 - at a certain angle to the lower boundary line. This results in an oblique exit for the cable 7. The obliquely extending web surface 15 is angled in three relative to one another Subareas divided. The two outer partial surfaces have an opening 2 and 3 and the middle one an opening 4. These openings serve to receive the metal strip 14 to be used in a known manner for fastening the switching cable and its shielding jacket. The inclination of the partial areas mentioned to one another results in an approximately circular upper limitation of the receiving space for the cable end, the individual wires of which are connected to the contact elements of the unit 16. Due to this shape of the web surface 15, the cable 7 is centered and at the same time it is well enclosed by the metal part. The metal part 1 consists of a highly conductive spring material, for. B. made of nickel silver sheet. His legs 6 are bent inwards due to the predetermined spring action. This state is shown in broken lines in FIG. 1. The metal part 1 still has tabs 5 bent almost at right angles to the legs 6. This makes it possible, in the plugged-in state, to contact these tabs with grounding springs in a specific embodiment, so that additional derivation can take place. These earthing springs can be connected to individual contact elements of the unit 16.

Aus der Seitenansicht der Fig. 2 sind die Rastelemente 8, 9 und 11 zu erkennen, durch die das einseitig geschlossene Metallgehäuse in seiner Stellung fixiert wird. Es wird nach der Verdrahtung der Kabeladern unter Einschluß des Kabels auf die Einheit 16, die beispielsweise den Federleistenkörper darstellt, im gespreizten Zustand bis zu der durch die Rastelemente vorgegebenen Position aufgeschoben. Im Gehäuseteil 1 sind als Rastelemente Ausschnitte 10, 11 und 12 vorgesehen. Die mit ihnen korrespondierenden Elemente sind die Rastnasen 8, 9 und 13. Die Rastnasen 8 und 9 sind an als Verlängerung der Eckbereiche der Einheit 16 anzusehenden Eckpfeilern 26 angebracht. An der jeweils an der Schmalseite des Kabelsteckers verlaufenden Teilfläche eines jeden Eckpfeilers liegt der bereits erwähnte Lappen 5 an. Der Ausschnitt 12 des Gehäuses 1 umschließt die Rastnase 13 der Einheit 16. Es wäre auch denkbar, das Gehäuseteil mit entsprechend erhabenen Stellen zu versehen, die dann zur Fixierung der Lage des aufgebrachten Gehäuseteils in entsprechende Vertiefungen der Einheit 16 einrasten.The locking elements 8, 9 and 11 can be seen from the side view of FIG. 2, by means of which the metal housing, which is closed on one side, is fixed in its position. After the wiring of the cable wires, including the cable, is pushed onto the unit 16, which represents the female connector body, in the spread state, up to the position predetermined by the latching elements. Cutouts 10, 11 and 12 are provided in the housing part 1 as locking elements. The elements corresponding to them are the locking lugs 8, 9 and 13. The locking lugs 8 and 9 are attached to corner pillars 26 which are to be seen as an extension of the corner regions of the unit 16. On the partial surface of each corner pillar running on the narrow side of the cable connector is the already mentioned tab 5. The cutout 12 of the housing 1 encloses the latching lug 13 of the unit 16. It would also be conceivable to provide the housing part with correspondingly raised points, which then snap into corresponding recesses in the unit 16 in order to fix the position of the applied housing part.

Auf der jeweils gegenüberliegenden anderen Schenkelseite des Gehäuses 1 sind die Raststellen in gleicher Weise angebracht. Allgemein ausgedrückt bedeutet dies, daß jede Raststellung einer Seitenfläche spiegelsymmetrisch an der gegenüberliegenden Seitenfläche gleichfalls vorhanden ist. Damit wird erreicht, daß bei gleicher Positionierung der Einheit 16 das Gehäuse 1 auch seitenverkehrt auf die Einheit 16 aufgebracht werden kann. Es dienen dann die gleichen Raststellen zur Verrastung. Damit kann je nach Bedarf das Kabel 7 nach beiden Seiten schräg abgeführt werden. Aufgrund dieser schrägen Abführung des Kabels wird grundsätzlich der für den Kabelabgang notwendige Raumbedarf verringert. Durch die schräge Abführung ist gleichzeitig die dargestellte gedrungene Gehäuseform für den Kabelstecker möglich.The latching points are attached in the same way on the respective other leg side of the housing 1. In general terms, this means that each locking position of one side surface is also mirror-symmetrical on the opposite side surface. This ensures that, with the same positioning of the unit 16, the housing 1 can also be applied to the unit 16 in the opposite direction. The same locking points are then used for locking. Thus, the cable 7 can be discharged obliquely to both sides as required. Due to this oblique removal of the cable, the space required for the cable outlet is basically reduced. Due to the oblique discharge, the compact housing shape shown for the cable connector is also possible.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt das an einer Schirmungsplatte 20 angebrachte Zentriermodul, das im Querschnitt dargestellt ist. Der Zentriermodulkörper 17 und das zugehörige, mit ihm eine funktionelle Einheit bildende Federelement 25 wird an einer Schirmungsplatte 20 über der darauf abgestimmten Aussparung 22 durch einfaches Aufdrücken befestigt. Dies erfolgt durch mehrere, zumindest an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten vorhandene Rasthaken 21. Diese greifen nach dem Aufdrücken der Zentriereinheit unter die der Aufbringrichtung abgekehrte Begrenzungslinie des vorhandenen Ausschnittes. Dadurch entsteht eine Schnappverbindung mit gutem Zusammenhalt zwischen Schirmungsplatte 20 und der Zentriereinheit 17. Diese Rasthaken 21 sind als elastische Teile an dem Körper 17 angebunden und sind zur Erleichterung des Einsteckvorganges entsprechend abgeschrägt.3 shows the centering module attached to a shielding plate 20, which is shown in cross section. The centering module body 17 and the associated spring element 25, which forms a functional unit with it, is fastened to a shielding plate 20 above the recess 22 matched thereto by simply pressing it on. This is done by a plurality of latching hooks 21, which are present at least on two opposite sides. After the centering unit has been pressed on, they engage under the boundary line of the existing cutout facing away from the direction of application. This creates a snap connection with good cohesion between the shielding plate 20 and the centering unit 17 Locking hooks 21 are connected to the body 17 as elastic parts and are bevelled accordingly to facilitate the insertion process.

In die Zentriereinheit 17 ist ein mit seiner normalen Vorderansicht gezeigter Kabelstecker eingebracht. Unter der Voraussetzung, daß die Einheit 16 ein Federleistenkörper ist, wird der Kabelstecker beispielsweise auf die freien Enden von entsprechenden Kontaktmessern 23 aufgesteckt. Diese können an einer Rückwandverdrahtungsplatte eines Baugruppenrahmens angeordnet sein. Als Abschlußplatte kann dann eine danach folgende Schirmungsplatte 20 dienen, die mit Erdpotential verbunden ist. An den vorbekannten Stellen, an denen der Durchtritt für die genannten Kontaktmesser 23 erforderlich ist, wird eine an die Abmessungen der Zentriereinheit angepaßte Durchbrechung 22 dieser Schirmungsplatte 20 vorgesehen. Das Federelement 25 kann als vorgefertigtes Element auf die Zentriereinheit 17 aufgeschoben werden. Die vorhandenen Federzungen des Kontaktfederelementes 25 liegen in einer entsprechenden Vertiefung 24 des Zentrierkörpers. Sie liegen mit ihrem entsprechend abgeknickten oberen Bereich aufgrund eines diesbezüglich vorgesehenen Durchbruches an dem Schenkel 6 des eingesteckten Kabelsteckers an. Die Verbindungsstelle des Federelementes 25 mit der Schirmungsplatte 20 ist mit 19 bezeichnet. Die elektrische Verbindung zu dieser Schirmungsplatte wird beim Aufbringen der Zentriereinheit hergestellt. Am Knickpunkt 18 der Federzungen eines z. B. einteiligen Federelementes 25 ergeben sich gute Kontaktstellen zu den Schenkeln 6 des Gehäuses 1. Damit ist über die Kontaktstellen 19 die Ableitung des Schirmungsmantels des Kabels 7 auf kurzem direktem Wege und großflächig zur Schirmungsplatte 20 möglich.A cable plug shown with its normal front view is introduced into the centering unit 17. Provided that the unit 16 is a female connector body, the cable connector is plugged onto the free ends of corresponding contact blades 23, for example. These can be arranged on a backplane wiring board of a module frame. A subsequent shielding plate 20, which is connected to ground potential, can then serve as the end plate. At the previously known locations where the passage for the aforementioned contact blades 23 is required, an opening 22 of this shielding plate 20 is provided which is adapted to the dimensions of the centering unit. The spring element 25 can be pushed onto the centering unit 17 as a prefabricated element. The existing spring tongues of the contact spring element 25 lie in a corresponding recess 24 in the centering body. With their correspondingly bent upper area, they rest on the leg 6 of the inserted cable connector due to a breakthrough provided in this regard. The connection point of the spring element 25 with the shielding plate 20 is designated 19. The electrical connection to this shielding plate is made when the centering unit is attached. At the break point 18 of the spring tongues of a z. B. one-piece spring element 25 there are good contact points to the legs 6 of the housing 1. This allows the derivation of the shielding jacket of the cable 7 via the contact points 19 in a short direct way and over a large area to the shielding plate 20.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt in einer schematischen Seitenansicht eine Ausführungsform, bei der die breitseitig die Einheit 16 umschließenden Schenkel des Metallteils 1 als federnde Zungen 27 ausgebildet sind. In der Fig. 4 und 5 sind in gleicher Weise wie in der Fig. 6 und 7 Führungselemente für den Stecker nicht dargestellt. Es sind jedoch an diese Ausführungsformen angepaßte Führungselemente einsetzbar. Die Federzungen 27 reichen über den unteren Rand der die Kontaktelementen aufnehmenden Einheit 16 hinaus. Sie sind - wie in der Fig. 5 dargestellt - gewölbt, wobei die Außenflächen dieser Auswölbung mit der Seitenfläche des in der Schirmungsplatte 20 vorhandenen Ausschnittes 22 kontaktieren. Diese Kontaktstellen 28 sind auf jeder Breitseite mehrmals vorgesehen. Es erfolgt also ein direkter Übergang vom metallischen Gehäuse 1 zu der geerdeten Schirmungsplatte 20. Dies ist in gleicher Weise bei einer Ausführung der Federzungen gemäß Fig. 6 der Fall. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind die Federzungen nicht gewölbt, sondern sie sind - um die Federwirkung zu erhöhen - geschlitzt. Damit liegen die einzelnen Federzungen federnd an der Stirnfläche der für ihre Aufnahme entsprechend erweiterten Ausschnittsfläche an. Sie haben auch eine zusätzliche Rastfunktion, da sie mit dem hierfür vorgesehenen Absatz den Ausschnitt in der Schirmungsplatte 20 untergreifen. Für das metallische Gehäuse 1 wird ein elektrisch gutleitendes Federblech ausgewählt.4 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment in which the unit 16 enclosing the broad side Legs of the metal part 1 are designed as resilient tongues 27. 4 and 5, guide elements for the plug are not shown in the same way as in FIGS. 6 and 7. However, guide elements adapted to these embodiments can be used. The spring tongues 27 extend beyond the lower edge of the unit 16 receiving the contact elements. As shown in FIG. 5, they are curved, the outer surfaces of this bulge contacting the side surface of the cutout 22 present in the shielding plate 20. These contact points 28 are provided several times on each broad side. There is therefore a direct transition from the metallic housing 1 to the grounded shielding plate 20. This is the same in the case of the spring tongues according to FIG. 6. In this embodiment, the spring tongues are not curved, but they are slotted to increase the spring effect. The individual spring tongues thus rest resiliently on the end face of the cut-out area correspondingly enlarged for their reception. They also have an additional latching function, since they grip under the cutout in the shielding plate 20 with the paragraph provided for this purpose. An electrically highly conductive spring plate is selected for the metallic housing 1.

Es ist noch eine weitere nicht dargestellte Variante denkbar, bei der das U-förmig ausgebildete Metallteil an seinem der Stegfläche 15 entgegengesetzten Ende unmittelbar am unteren Rand der Einheit 16 lappenförmig abgebogen ist. Über diese Lappen kann dann zur direkten Ankontaktierung des Kabelsteckergehäuses eine Schraubenverbindung verwendet werden. Zur Verbesserung der Ankontaktierung kann die Anschraubfläche eine Vielzahl von punktförmig erhabenen Stellen aufweisen.A further variant, not shown, is conceivable, in which the U-shaped metal part is bent at its end opposite the web surface 15 directly at the lower edge of the unit 16 in the form of a tab. A screw connection can then be used via these tabs for direct contacting of the cable connector housing. To improve the contacting, the screw-on surface can have a large number of points which are raised at a point.

Claims (14)

  1. Cable plug, which holds the end of a screened cable (7) and which consists of a unit (16) fitted with contact elements and a housing (1) which is rigidly connected to said unit and is also used for screening, characterised in that the housing (1) is formed from a one-piece metal part which is bent in a U-shape and rests under spring tension on the unit (16) which is fitted with the contact elements, which metal part encloses the unit (16) with its limbs (6) in such a manner that said limbs extend up to a point close to the lower edge of the unit (16), or project beyond said edge, and in such a manner that a space which is used for holding the cable end is produced between the web surface (15) of said metal part and the - with respect to the insertion direction - rear end surface of the unit (16), in that the metal part (1) has a latching element (10, 11 and 12) which, once the metal part (1) has been pushed onto the unit (16), latches with a latching element (8 or 9 or 13), corresponding thereto, of the unit (16), and in that the electrical connection to a carrier (20) at earth potential is produced indirectly or directly via the limbs (6).
  2. Cable plug according to Claim 1, characterised in that, with a rectangular construction of the cable plug, having a broad side and a narrow side, the limbs (6) enclose the surfaces associated with the broad sides.
  3. Cable plug according to Claim 1 to 2, characterised in that the limbs (6) of the metal part (1) make contact during the insertion process with an earthed metallic element (25) which is fitted in a centring unit (17) that is used for guiding and holding the cable plug.
  4. Cable plug according to one of Claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the limbs (6) are constructed on both sides as in each case at least one sprung tongue (27, 29) which extends beyond the lower edge of the unit (16) and is preformed in such a manner that contact is made directly with the carrier (20) at earth potential after insertion.
  5. Cable plug according to Claim 4, characterised in that each limb (6) is split into at least two such tongues (27) which in each case are domed towards the contact point, the contact points representing the recess edges of a recess, which is there for access through to the respective mating contacts, in an earthed screening plate which is used as the carrier at earth potential.
  6. Cable plug according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the spring tongue (29) is slotted and in that it engages to make contact laterally during insertion in a corresponding lateral extension of a recess of a screening plate (20) which is used as the carrier at earth potential, and in that the outer edge of the tongue legs, which is constructed as a latching tab, engages behind this screening plate.
  7. Cable plug according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the limbs (6) are bent as flaps and are in each case connected directly to the carrier (20) at earth potential, by means of a screw connection.
  8. Cable plug according to Claim 7, characterised in that the screwing-on surface has a multiplicity of points which are raised in the form of dots.
  9. Cable plug according to Claim 1 to 2, characterised in that in the presence of one or more of the latching elements (8, 11 or 9, 10 or 13, 12) which in each case correspond with one another on each of the surfaces gripped by a limb, said elements are in each case arranged such that they also latch under one another while maintaining the positioning of the unit (16) for any side position of the metal part (1) which engages over them.
  10. Cable plug according to Claim 9, characterised in that the latching element (10, 11, 12) of the metal part (1) represents a corresponding recess, and the latching element which in each case latches into this recess and corresponds thereto represents a projection (8, 9 or 13).
  11. Cable plug according to Claim 1 to 2, characterised in that the web surface (15) of the U-shaped metal part (1) runs at a specific angle with respect to the lower edge of the cable plug.
  12. Cable plug according to Claim 1 to 2 or 11, characterised in that the web surface (15) is formed by at least three surface parts which are angled with respect to one another.
  13. Cable plug according to Claim 12, characterised in that these surface parts have openings (2, 3, 4) for holding additional functional elements.
  14. Cable plug according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the side edges of the U-shaped metal part (1) are at least partially expanded to form a lug (5) which is bent inwards approximately at right angles to the limb (6) so that earthing springs which are additionally to be fitted can make contact therewith.
EP87112884A 1986-09-25 1987-09-03 Cable plug Expired - Lifetime EP0261474B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87112884T ATE82650T1 (en) 1986-09-25 1987-09-03 CABLE PLUG.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3632600 1986-09-25
DE3632600 1986-09-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0261474A2 EP0261474A2 (en) 1988-03-30
EP0261474A3 EP0261474A3 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0261474B1 true EP0261474B1 (en) 1992-11-19

Family

ID=6310337

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87112884A Expired - Lifetime EP0261474B1 (en) 1986-09-25 1987-09-03 Cable plug

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4789358A (en)
EP (1) EP0261474B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE82650T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3782706D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6480745A (en) * 1987-09-22 1989-03-27 Nissan Motor Air-fuel ratio control device for internal combustion engine
US5035632A (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-07-30 Itt Corporation Card connector with interceptor plate
US4950172A (en) * 1989-10-10 1990-08-21 Itt Corporation Connector with interceptor plate
US5156554A (en) * 1989-10-10 1992-10-20 Itt Corporation Connector interceptor plate arrangement
JPH0637586Y2 (en) * 1989-11-29 1994-09-28 ホシデン株式会社 Multi-pole connector socket
DE4404260A1 (en) * 1994-02-10 1995-08-17 W W Fischer Sa Electric plug connector
FI96458C (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-06-25 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Interference-protected cable connection box
KR100293936B1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2001-07-12 윤종용 Contact spring for preventing electromagnetic interference

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1450798A (en) * 1973-09-27 1976-09-29 Cannon Electric Great Britain Electrical connectors
DE2940684A1 (en) * 1979-10-08 1981-04-16 Clarion Co., Ltd., Tokyo Automatic gain controller for radio receiver - constructed as integrated circuit without large coupling capacitor
DE3021283C2 (en) * 1980-06-06 1983-11-24 Krone Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Connection unit as a connection strip and / or as a pressure-tight cable termination device for PCM cables
US4457576A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-07-03 Amp Incorporated One piece metal shield for an electrical connector
US4653836A (en) * 1983-07-06 1987-03-31 Amp Incorporated Shielded electrical connector
US4582384A (en) * 1984-05-04 1986-04-15 Amp Incorporated Overmolded shielded connector
JPS61201283U (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-17

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE82650T1 (en) 1992-12-15
DE3782706D1 (en) 1992-12-24
EP0261474A2 (en) 1988-03-30
US4789358A (en) 1988-12-06
EP0261474A3 (en) 1988-10-05

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