EP0258614B1 - Tap change device for transformers - Google Patents

Tap change device for transformers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258614B1
EP0258614B1 EP87110777A EP87110777A EP0258614B1 EP 0258614 B1 EP0258614 B1 EP 0258614B1 EP 87110777 A EP87110777 A EP 87110777A EP 87110777 A EP87110777 A EP 87110777A EP 0258614 B1 EP0258614 B1 EP 0258614B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
tap
contacts
switching
switch
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EP87110777A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0258614A1 (en
Inventor
Siegbert Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Berger
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
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Priority to AT87110777T priority Critical patent/ATE67338T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tap changer for transformers with a fine tap winding with taps, one half of which can be selected by a first and the other half by a second movable, no-load switching selector contact and with a load switch with vacuum interrupters.
  • the voltage regulation of power transformers must be carried out without interrupting the load. This voltage regulation is usually carried out by switching the turns of the transformer on or off. The load current in the transformer must not be interrupted at any time during these switching operations. Otherwise damage would occur in the transformer and / or the perfect supply of electrical energy to the consumer would no longer be guaranteed.
  • a tap changer essentially consists of two components: the actual diverter switch and the selector.
  • the selector is directly connected to taps of a transformer fine-stage winding. It is usually in the same oil volume as the transformer windings and, in order to avoid contamination of the transformer oil, may only have contacts that are de-energized. Switching the load current itself takes place with the diverter switch, which is usually housed in a special housing that is also filled with oil.
  • a diverter switch under oil requires a large number of contact pairs to function properly because the switching contacts are only conditionally suitable for permanent current supply due to contact erosion and the formation of foreign layers. Switching in oil also results in decomposition products and severe contact erosion. Both cause a deterioration in the dielectric strength, the lubricity of the oil and, moreover, require relatively short maintenance intervals.
  • DE-OS 21 57 765 and DE-OS 30 00 748 have already proposed the use of vacuum switching elements for switching the load current in tap changers.
  • these and similar proposals have not been able to prevail in practice because the known vacuum switching elements only represent simple on-off switches, so that additional auxiliary switches are required for the step switching in transformers.
  • the vacuum switching elements and the additional auxiliary switches have to be actuated in a very specific sequence and for this reason require mechanics that are relatively complicated and, in addition, also complex in terms of operational safety.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an arrangement for load current switching vacuum interrupters in which, apart from a selector outside the vacuum interrupters, little or no auxiliary switches are required and in which for actuation a simple mechanism is sufficient for the contacts provided in the vacuum interrupter itself.
  • the vacuum interrupter is constructed from coaxially assembled rotationally symmetrical parts, the supporting push rods provided for actuating the disk-shaped switching contacts being displaceable on the axis of symmetry, immersing into the vacuum interrupter from opposite ends and in each case one of the ring-shaped fixed ones Enforce contacts.
  • the fixed contacts each have an erosion ring and are each formed as a flange in a tube section which forms part of the housing of the vacuum interrupter and is made of metallic material.
  • each of the fixed contacts with the associated switch contact in the contact position in an axial section forms a U-shaped current path, the contact point on the fixed contact being located radially outside in the base of the U, and wherein the Current flows both before and after the contact point in the radial direction.
  • the tap changer according to the invention is very advantageous because, apart from the selector contacts outside the vacuum interrupter, it dispenses with any auxiliary switches and, in addition, to actuate the switching contacts provided within the vacuum interrupter, only two alternating push rods are required, which, in addition, are not extreme in terms of their actuation speeds Make demands.
  • a fine-stage winding 16 has taps 1 to 15.
  • a selector arm 17 works with the odd-numbered ones and a selector arm 18 with the even-numbered ones of the taps 1 to 15.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show a load current switchover from the tap 6 to the tap 5, and accordingly the selector arm 18 lies on the tap 6 and the selector arm 17 on the tap 5. The transfer the selector arms always take place in the case of fully current-free selector contacts, before an actual load current switchover in the desired direction.
  • the two selector arms 17 and 18 are followed by a vacuum interrupter with two metallic tube sections 19 and 20 in its housing 21 made of insulating material, for example ceramic.
  • the tube sections 19 and 20 carry on their inner sides designed as flanges annular fixed contacts 22 and 23, the contact surfaces of which are covered with erosion rings 24 and 25.
  • Spatially between the fixed contacts 22 and 23 are slidable in the direction of the axis of the vacuum interrupter disc-shaped, carried by push rods 28 and 29 switch contacts 26 and 27 are provided, which form a pair of contacts with each other and with the respective one of the fixed contacts 22 and 23.
  • the ends of the vacuum interrupter which is preferably circular in cross section, are closed by metal covers 30 and 31, which carry a metal bushing 32 and 33 for guiding the push rods 28 and 29.
  • the gap between the push rods 28 and 29 and the respectively assigned bushing 32 and 33 is closed by a metal bellows 34 and 35, respectively, the ends of which face the contacts 22 and 23 with washers 36 soldered onto the push rod 28 and 29 or 37 are soldered.
  • the vacuum interrupter as a whole is vacuum-tight and sealed executed and is evacuated by a pinch pipe 38 after its completion.
  • the pinch pipe 38 is then closed in a manner not shown by a pinch and additionally soldered.
  • a condensation screen 41 is arranged at the level of the contact arrangements on the inside of the housing 21.
  • the switching contact 26 is first applied to the switching contact 27 by moving the push rod 28.
  • the position according to FIG. 2 is thus reached.
  • the load current continues to flow from the tap 7 via the selector arm 17 and the pipe section 19 which is electrically connected to it, to the fixed contact 23 and via the erosion ring 25, the switching contact 27 and the push rod 29 to a load current line 39 connected to this.
  • a compensating current from the tap 7 via the selector arm 17, the pipe section 19, the fixed contact 23, the erosion ring 25, the switching contact 27, the switching contact 26 and the push rod 28 and a switching resistor 40 to the selector arm 18 and thus to the tap 6.
  • This compensating current is driven by the voltage between the taps 6 and 7 and its size is determined by the switching resistor 40.
  • the switch contact 27 becomes against the contact force between the switch contacts 26 and 27 by the erosion ring carried by the fixed contact 23 25 lifted off. This is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the gap formed in this way is initially bridged by one or more arcs of the load current flowing from the tap 7 to the load current line 39.
  • a growing part of the load current flows via the switching resistor 40 from the moment the switching contact 27 is lifted off.
  • the arcs extinguish as soon as the voltage drop across them is equal to or greater than the voltage drop across the switching resistor 40.
  • the load current flowing up to then briefly via the switching resistor 40 is taken over by the erosion ring 24, which is connected to the selector arm 18 via the fixed contact 22 and the tube section 20 is.
  • the equalizing current is also interrupted because the changeover resistor 40 is short-circuited. The switchover of the load current from the tap 7 to the tap 6 is thus completed.
  • the selector arm 17 is without current and can be switched back and forth between the taps 7 and 5 without further ado.
  • the selector arm 17 must first be switched to the tap 5 so that the position according to FIG. 5 is reached. Now the switching contact 26 is lifted off the erosion ring 24 against the contact force exerted on it by the switching contact 27. The gap thus formed is in turn bridged by the load current via arcs as long as it is still small, as shown in FIG. At the same time, a partial flow of the same becomes again Switchover resistor 40 taken over, which leads after the extinction of the arcs until reaching the position shown in FIG. 7, the entire load current.
  • the load current commutates via the fixed contact 23, the pipe section 19 and the selector arm 17 to the tap 5.
  • the switching resistor 40 then flows just another equalizing current. After reaching the position according to FIG. 8, in which the switching contact 26 bears on the erosion ring 24, the switchover from the even-numbered tap 6 to the odd-numbered tap 5 is completed.
  • FIG. 9 shows a contact arrangement in which the load current forms a U-shaped loop 42 during the transition from the fixed contact 23 or 22 to the switching contact 27 or 26.

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

Tap change devices are normally provided on transformers with a finely graded winding (16) with taps (1 to 15) and have vacuum switching tubes in the load switch used at times for the actual load switching. According to the invention, only a single vacuum switching tube is provided for each phase, which tube has two moving switching contacts (26, 27) between two fixed contacts (22, 23), each of which switching contacts can be placed on the fixed contact (22 or 23) adjacent to it and on the other switching contact (26 or 27). The tap change device according to the invention can be used with all adjustable transformers and results in a noticeable reduction in the maintenance costs since, as a consequence of the greater number of connections, the maintenance intervals are significantly greater than for tap change devices with switching contacts operated in oil. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stufenschalteinrichtung für Transformatoren mit einer Feinstufenwicklung mit Anzapfungen, deren eine Hälfte von einem ersten und deren andere Hälfte von einem zweiten beweglichen, lastlos schaltenden Wählerkontakt anwählbar ist und mit einem Lastschalter mit Vakuumschaltröhren.The invention relates to a tap changer for transformers with a fine tap winding with taps, one half of which can be selected by a first and the other half by a second movable, no-load switching selector contact and with a load switch with vacuum interrupters.

Die Spannungsregulierung von Leistungstransformatoren muß ohne Lastunterbrechung vorgenommen werden. Üblicherweise erfolgt diese Spannungsregulierung durch das Zu-oder Abschalten von Windungen des Transformators. Während dieser Schaltvorgänge darf in keinem Zeitpunkt der Laststrom im Transformator unterbrochen werden. Anderenfalls würden Schäden im Transformator entstehen, und/oder die einwandfreie Versorgung der Verbraucher mit elektrischer Energie nicht mehr gewährleistet sein.The voltage regulation of power transformers must be carried out without interrupting the load. This voltage regulation is usually carried out by switching the turns of the transformer on or off. The load current in the transformer must not be interrupted at any time during these switching operations. Otherwise damage would occur in the transformer and / or the perfect supply of electrical energy to the consumer would no longer be guaranteed.

Die unterbrechungslose Umschaltung von Transformatorwicklungen erfolgt daher mit besonderen Stufenschalteinrichtungen bzw. mit sogenannten Lastwählern. Eine Stufenschalteinrichtung besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei Komponenten und zwar aus dem eigentlichen Lastumschalter und dem Wähler. Der Wähler ist direkt mit Anzapfungen einer Transformator-Feinstufenwicklung verbunden. Er befindet sich meist im gleichen Ölvolumen wie die Transformatorwicklungen und darf, um eine Verschmutzung des Transformatoröls zu vermeiden, nur stromlos arbeitende Kontakte aufweisen. Die Umschaltung des Laststromes selbst erfolgt mit dem üblicherweise in einem besonderen ebenfalls mit Öl gefüllten Gehäuse untergebrachten Lastumschalter.The uninterrupted switching of transformer windings is therefore carried out with special tap changers or with so-called load selectors. A tap changer essentially consists of two components: the actual diverter switch and the selector. The selector is directly connected to taps of a transformer fine-stage winding. It is usually in the same oil volume as the transformer windings and, in order to avoid contamination of the transformer oil, may only have contacts that are de-energized. Switching the load current itself takes place with the diverter switch, which is usually housed in a special housing that is also filled with oil.

Ein Lastumschalter unter Öl benötigt zur einwandfreien Funktion eine Vielzahl von Kontaktpaaren, weil die schaltenden Kontakte infolge Kontakterosion und Fremdschichtenbildung nur bedingt zur dauernden Stromführung geeignet sind. Durch das Schalten in Öl entstehen darüber hinaus Zersetzungsprodukte sowie ein starker Abbrand der Kontakte. Beides verursacht eine Verschlechterung der dielektrischen Festigkeit, der Schmierfähigkeit des Öles und erfordert darüber hinaus verhältnismäßig kurze Wartungsintervalle.A diverter switch under oil requires a large number of contact pairs to function properly because the switching contacts are only conditionally suitable for permanent current supply due to contact erosion and the formation of foreign layers. Switching in oil also results in decomposition products and severe contact erosion. Both cause a deterioration in the dielectric strength, the lubricity of the oil and, moreover, require relatively short maintenance intervals.

Zur Vermeidung dieser Nachteile ist beispielsweise durch die DE-OS 21 57 765 und die DE-OS 30 00 748 schon die Verwendung von Vakuumschaltelementen zum Schalten des Laststromes in Stufenschalteinrichtungen vorgeschlagen worden. Diese und ähnliche Vorschläge haben sich jedoch in der Praxis nicht durchsetzen können, weil die bekannten Vakuumschaltelemente lediglich einfache Ein-Aus-Schalter darstellen, so daß zur Stufenschaltung in Transformatoren zusätzliche Hilfsschalter erforderlich sind. Die Vakuumschaltelemente und die zusätzlichen Hilfsschalter müssen bei den bekannten Anordnungen in einer ganz bestimmten Reihenfolge betätigt werden und erfordern aus diesem Grund eine verhältnismäßig verwickelte und im Hinblick auf die Betriebssicherheit darüber hinaus auch aufwendige Mechanik.To avoid these disadvantages, for example, DE-OS 21 57 765 and DE-OS 30 00 748 have already proposed the use of vacuum switching elements for switching the load current in tap changers. However, these and similar proposals have not been able to prevail in practice because the known vacuum switching elements only represent simple on-off switches, so that additional auxiliary switches are required for the step switching in transformers. In the known arrangements, the vacuum switching elements and the additional auxiliary switches have to be actuated in a very specific sequence and for this reason require mechanics that are relatively complicated and, in addition, also complex in terms of operational safety.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine zur Laststromumschaltung Vakuumschaltröhren benutzende Anordnung zu schaffen, bei der abgesehen von einem Wähler außerhalb der Vakuumschaltröhren wenig oder keine Hilfsschalter erforderlich sind und bei der zur Betätigung der in der Vakuumschaltröhre selbst vorgesehenen Kontakte eine einfache Mechanik ausreicht.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an arrangement for load current switching vacuum interrupters in which, apart from a selector outside the vacuum interrupters, little or no auxiliary switches are required and in which for actuation a simple mechanism is sufficient for the contacts provided in the vacuum interrupter itself.

Diese Aufgabe wird für eine Stufenschalteinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß je Phase nur eine Vakuumschaltröhre vorgesehen ist, in der zwischen zwei festen Kontakte zwei bewegliche Schaltkontakte angeordnet sind, deren jeder an den ihm benachbarten festen Kontakt und an den anderen Schaltkontakt anlegbar ist. Dabei ist der eine Schaltkontakt über einen Umschaltwiderstand mit einem der Wählerkontakte und der andere Schaltkontakt mit einer Laststromleitung verbunden und dabei ist jeder der festen Kontakte mit einem der Wählerkontakte verbunden.This object is achieved for a tap changer of the type mentioned in that only one vacuum interrupter is provided per phase, in which two movable switching contacts are arranged between two fixed contacts, each of which can be applied to the adjacent fixed contact and to the other switching contact. One switch contact is connected to one of the selector contacts via a changeover resistor and the other switch contact is connected to a load current line, and each of the fixed contacts is connected to one of the selector contacts.

Nach zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Vakuumschaltröhre aus koaxial zusammengesetzten rotationssymmetrischen Teilen aufgebaut ist, wobei zur Betätigung der scheibenförmigen Schaltkontakte vorgesehene diese tragende Schubstangen auf der Symmetrieachse verschiebbar sind, von einander entgegengesetzten Enden in die Vakuumschaltröhre eintauchen und je einen der ringförmig ausgebildeten festen Kontakte durchsetzen. Dabei tragen die festen Kontakte je einen Abbrandring und sind als Flansch in je einem ein Teil des Gehäuses der Vakuumschaltröhre darstellenden Rohrabschnitt aus metallischem Werkstoff ausgebildet.According to expedient developments of the invention, it is provided that the vacuum interrupter is constructed from coaxially assembled rotationally symmetrical parts, the supporting push rods provided for actuating the disk-shaped switching contacts being displaceable on the axis of symmetry, immersing into the vacuum interrupter from opposite ends and in each case one of the ring-shaped fixed ones Enforce contacts. The fixed contacts each have an erosion ring and are each formed as a flange in a tube section which forms part of the housing of the vacuum interrupter and is made of metallic material.

Eine andere sehr zweckmäßige Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung besteht darin, daß jeder der festen Kontakte mit dem jeweils zugehörigen Schaltkontakt in Kontaktstellung in einem axialen Schnitt einen U-förmigen Strompfad bildet, wobei die Kontaktstelle am festen Kontakt radial außen im Grund des U liegt und wobei der Strom sowohl vor als auch nach der Kontaktstelle in radialer Richtung fließt.Another very useful development of the device according to the invention is that each of the fixed contacts with the associated switch contact in the contact position in an axial section forms a U-shaped current path, the contact point on the fixed contact being located radially outside in the base of the U, and wherein the Current flows both before and after the contact point in the radial direction.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 6 und 7 angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in claims 6 and 7.

Die erfindungsgemäße Stufenschalteinrichtung ist sehr vorteilhaft, weil sie abgesehen von den Wählerkontakten außerhalb der Vakuumschaltröhre auf jegliche Hilfsschalter verzichtet und weil darüber hinaus zur Betätigung der innerhalb der Vakuumschaltröhre vorgesehenen Schaltkontakte lediglich zwei abwechselnd zu betätigende Schubstangen erforderlich sind, die darüber hinaus hinsichtlich ihrer Betätigungsgeschwindigkeiten auch keine extremen Anforderungen stellen.The tap changer according to the invention is very advantageous because, apart from the selector contacts outside the vacuum interrupter, it dispenses with any auxiliary switches and, in addition, to actuate the switching contacts provided within the vacuum interrupter, only two alternating push rods are required, which, in addition, are not extreme in terms of their actuation speeds Make demands.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 bis Fig. 4 eine erfindungsgemäße Stufenschalteinrichtung in verschiedenen Schaltstellungen während einer Lastumschaltung von einer ungeradzahligen auf eine geradzahlige Anzapfung und
  • Fig. 5 bis 8 entsprechend eine Lastumschaltung von einer geradzahligen auf eine ungeradzahlige Anzapfung.
  • Fig. 9 zeigt eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit speziell geformten Kontakten und Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen.
Two embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 a tap changer according to the invention in different switching positions during a load switch from an odd to an even tapping and
  • 5 to 8 corresponding to a load switching from an even-numbered to an odd-numbered tap.
  • 9 shows a vacuum interrupter with specially shaped contacts and arc extinguishing devices.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

Eine Feinstufenwicklung 16 hat Anzapfungen 1 bis 15. Ein Wählerarm 17 arbeitet mit den ungeradzahligen und ein Wählerarm 18 mit den geradzahligen der Anzapfungen 1 bis 15 zusammen. In den Figuren 1 bis 4 ist eine Laststromumschaltung von der Anzapfung 7 auf die Anzapfung 6 dargestellt. Entsprechend liegt dabei der Wählerarm 17 an der Anzapfung 7 und der Wählerarm 18 an der Anzapfung 6. Dagegen zeigen die Figuren 5 bis 8 eine Laststromumschaltung von der Anzapfung 6 auf die Anzapfung 5 und entsprechend liegt dabei der Wählerarm 18 an der Anzapfung 6 und der Wählerarm 17 an der Anzapfung 5. Die Umlegung der Wählerarme erfolgt grundsätzlich bei vollständig stromentlasteten Wählerkontakten jeweils vor einer eigentlichen Laststromumschaltung in der gewünschten Richtung.A fine-stage winding 16 has taps 1 to 15. A selector arm 17 works with the odd-numbered ones and a selector arm 18 with the even-numbered ones of the taps 1 to 15. In Figures 1 to 4, a load current switch from the tap 7 to the tap 6 is shown. Accordingly, the voter arm 17 is due to the Tapping 7 and the selector arm 18 on the tap 6. In contrast, FIGS. 5 to 8 show a load current switchover from the tap 6 to the tap 5, and accordingly the selector arm 18 lies on the tap 6 and the selector arm 17 on the tap 5. The transfer the selector arms always take place in the case of fully current-free selector contacts, before an actual load current switchover in the desired direction.

Den beiden Wählerarmen 17 und 18 ist eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit zwei metallischen Rohrabschnitten 19 und 20 in ihrem Gehäuse 21 aus Isolierstoff, beispielsweise Keramik, nachgeschaltet. Die Rohrabschnitte 19 und 20 tragen auf ihren Innenseiten als Flansche ausgebildete ringförmige feste Kontakte 22 und 23, deren Kontaktflächen mit Abbrandringen 24 und 25 belegt sind. Räumlich zwischen den festen Kontakten 22 und 23 sind in Richtung der Achse der Vakuumschaltröhre verschiebbare scheibenförmige, von Schubstangen 28 und 29 getragene Schaltkontakte 26 und 27 vorgesehen, die miteinander und mit dem ihnen jeweils benachbarten der festen Kontakte 22 und 23 ein Kontaktpaar bilden.The two selector arms 17 and 18 are followed by a vacuum interrupter with two metallic tube sections 19 and 20 in its housing 21 made of insulating material, for example ceramic. The tube sections 19 and 20 carry on their inner sides designed as flanges annular fixed contacts 22 and 23, the contact surfaces of which are covered with erosion rings 24 and 25. Spatially between the fixed contacts 22 and 23 are slidable in the direction of the axis of the vacuum interrupter disc-shaped, carried by push rods 28 and 29 switch contacts 26 and 27 are provided, which form a pair of contacts with each other and with the respective one of the fixed contacts 22 and 23.

Die Enden der im Querschnitt vorzugsweise kreisrunden Vakuumschaltröhre sind durch Metalldeckel 30 und 31 verschlossen, die zur Führung der Schubstangen 28 und 29 eine metallische Buchse 32 bzw. 33 tragen. Der Spalt zwischen den Schubstangen 28 bzw. 29 und der jeweils zugeordneten Buchse 32 bzw. 33 ist durch je einen metallischen Balg 34 bzw. 35 verschlossen, wobei deren den Kontakten 22 und 23 zugekehrte Enden mit auf die Schubstange 28 bzw. 29 aufgelöteten Scheiben 36 bzw. 37 verlötet sind.The ends of the vacuum interrupter, which is preferably circular in cross section, are closed by metal covers 30 and 31, which carry a metal bushing 32 and 33 for guiding the push rods 28 and 29. The gap between the push rods 28 and 29 and the respectively assigned bushing 32 and 33 is closed by a metal bellows 34 and 35, respectively, the ends of which face the contacts 22 and 23 with washers 36 soldered onto the push rod 28 and 29 or 37 are soldered.

Die Vakuumschaltröhre insgesamt ist vakuumfest und -dicht ausgeführt und ist nach ihrer Fertigstellung durch ein Abkneifrohr 38 evakuiert. Das Abkneifrohr 38 ist im Anschluß hieran in nicht dargestellter Art und Weise durch eine Quetschung verschlossen und zusätzlich verlötet.The vacuum interrupter as a whole is vacuum-tight and sealed executed and is evacuated by a pinch pipe 38 after its completion. The pinch pipe 38 is then closed in a manner not shown by a pinch and additionally soldered.

Zum Schutz der Isolierteile innerhalb der Vakuumschaltröhre gegen eine schleichende Metallisierung durch die von Schaltlichtbögen erzeugten Metalldämpfe ist in Höhe der Kontaktanordnungen auf der Innenseite des Gehäuses 21 ein Kondensationsschirm 41 angeordnet.To protect the insulating parts within the vacuum interrupter against creeping metallization by the metal vapors generated by switching arcs, a condensation screen 41 is arranged at the level of the contact arrangements on the inside of the housing 21.

Zur Einleitung der Umschaltung von der Anzapfung 7 auf die Anzapfung 6 wird nach dem Erreichen der hierfür erforderlichen in Fig. 1 dargestellten Stellung der Wählerarme 17 und 18 zunächst durch Verschieben der Schubstange 28 der Schaltkontakt 26 an den Schaltkontakt 27 angelegt. Damit ist die Stellung gemäß Figur 2 erreicht. Es fließt nach wie vor der Laststrom von der Anzapfung 7 über den Wählerarm 17 und den an diesen galvanisch angeschlossenen Rohrabschnitt 19 zum festen Kontakt 23 sowie über den Abbrandring 25, den Schaltkontakt 27 und die Schubstange 29 zu einer an diese angeschlossenen Laststromleitung 39. Gleichzeitig fließt jedoch auch ein Ausgleichsstrom von der Anzapfung 7 über den Wählerarm 17, den Rohrabschnitt 19, den festen Kontakt 23, den Abbrandring 25, den Schaltkontakt 27, den Schaltkontakt 26 sowie die Schubstange 28 und einen Umschaltwiderstand 40 zum Wählerarm 18 und damit zur Anzapfung 6. Dieser Ausgleichsstrom ist von der Spannung zwischen den Anzapfungen 6 und 7 getrieben und in seiner Größe durch den Umschaltwiderstand 40 bestimmt.To initiate the changeover from the tap 7 to the tap 6, after reaching the required position of the selector arms 17 and 18 shown in FIG. 1, the switching contact 26 is first applied to the switching contact 27 by moving the push rod 28. The position according to FIG. 2 is thus reached. The load current continues to flow from the tap 7 via the selector arm 17 and the pipe section 19 which is electrically connected to it, to the fixed contact 23 and via the erosion ring 25, the switching contact 27 and the push rod 29 to a load current line 39 connected to this. At the same time flows however also a compensating current from the tap 7 via the selector arm 17, the pipe section 19, the fixed contact 23, the erosion ring 25, the switching contact 27, the switching contact 26 and the push rod 28 and a switching resistor 40 to the selector arm 18 and thus to the tap 6. This compensating current is driven by the voltage between the taps 6 and 7 and its size is determined by the switching resistor 40.

Unmittelbar folgend auf die Kontaktgabe zwischen den Schaltkontakten 26 und 27 wird der Schaltkontakt 27 gegen die Kontaktkraft zwischen den Schaltkontakten 26 und 27 von dem vom festen Kontakt 23 getragenen Abbrandring 25 abgehoben. Dies zeigt Figur 3. Der dadurch gebildete Spalt wird zunächst noch über einen oder mehrere Lichtbögen des von der Anzapfung 7 zu der Laststromleitung 39 fließenden Laststromes überbrückt. Ein wachsender Teil des Laststromes fließt jedoch vom Moment des Abhebens des Schaltkontaktes 27 an über den Umschaltwiderstand 40. Die Lichtbögen erlöschen, sobald der Spannungsabfall an ihnen gleich oder größer ist als der Spannungsabfall an dem Umschaltwiderstand 40.Immediately following the contact between the switch contacts 26 and 27, the switch contact 27 becomes against the contact force between the switch contacts 26 and 27 by the erosion ring carried by the fixed contact 23 25 lifted off. This is shown in FIG. 3. The gap formed in this way is initially bridged by one or more arcs of the load current flowing from the tap 7 to the load current line 39. However, a growing part of the load current flows via the switching resistor 40 from the moment the switching contact 27 is lifted off. The arcs extinguish as soon as the voltage drop across them is equal to or greater than the voltage drop across the switching resistor 40.

Sobald dann der Schaltkontakt 26 die Stellung gemäß Figur 4 und damit den Abbrandring 24 erreicht hat, wird der bis dahin kurzzeitig über den Umschaltwiderstand 40 fließende Laststrom von dem Abbrandring 24 übernommen, der über den festen Kontakt 22 und den Rohrabschnitt 20 mit dem Wählerarm 18 verbunden ist. Gleichzeitig ist dadurch auch der Ausgleichsstrom unterbrochen, weil der Umschaltwiderstand 40 kurzgeschlossen ist. Die Umschaltung des Laststromes von der Anzapfung 7 auf die Anzapfung 6 ist damit abgeschlossen.As soon as the switching contact 26 has reached the position according to FIG. 4 and thus the erosion ring 24, the load current flowing up to then briefly via the switching resistor 40 is taken over by the erosion ring 24, which is connected to the selector arm 18 via the fixed contact 22 and the tube section 20 is. At the same time, the equalizing current is also interrupted because the changeover resistor 40 is short-circuited. The switchover of the load current from the tap 7 to the tap 6 is thus completed.

Solange die Schaltkontakte 27 und 28 sowie der feste Kontakt 22 mit seinem Abbrandring 24 aneinander liegen, ist der Wählerarm 17 stromlos und kann ohne weiteres zwischen den Anzapfungen 7 und 5 hin- und hergeschaltet werden.As long as the switching contacts 27 and 28 as well as the fixed contact 22 with its erosion ring 24 lie against each other, the selector arm 17 is without current and can be switched back and forth between the taps 7 and 5 without further ado.

Soll nun von der Anzapfung 6 zur Anzapfung 5 umgeschaltet werden, so ist zunächst der Wählerarm 17 auf die Anzapfung 5 zu schalten, so daß die Stellung gemäß Figur 5 erreicht ist. Nun wird der Schaltkontakt 26 gegen die vom Schaltkontakt 27 auf ihn ausgeübte Kontaktkraft von dem Abbrandring 24 abgehoben. Der dadurch gebildete Spalt wird wiederum solange er noch klein ist, wie Fig.6 zeigt, vom Laststrom über Lichtbögen überbrückt. Gleichzeitig wird auch wieder ein Teilstrom desselben von dem Umschaltwiderstand 40 übernommen, der nach dem Erlöschen der Lichtbögen bis zum Erreichen der Stellung gemäß Fig. 7 den gesamten Laststrom führt.If it is now to be switched from the tap 6 to the tap 5, the selector arm 17 must first be switched to the tap 5 so that the position according to FIG. 5 is reached. Now the switching contact 26 is lifted off the erosion ring 24 against the contact force exerted on it by the switching contact 27. The gap thus formed is in turn bridged by the load current via arcs as long as it is still small, as shown in FIG. At the same time, a partial flow of the same becomes again Switchover resistor 40 taken over, which leads after the extinction of the arcs until reaching the position shown in FIG. 7, the entire load current.

Sobald der Schaltkontakt 27 am Abbrandring 25 in der Stellung gemäß Figur 7 zur Anlage kommt, kommutiert der Laststrom über den festen Kontakt 23, den Rohrabschnitt 19 und den Wählerarm 17 auf die Anzapfung 5. Bis zum Abheben des Schaltkontaktes 26 fließt dann über den Umschaltwiderstand 40 lediglich wieder ein Ausgleichsstrom. Nach dem Erreichen der Stellung gemäß Figur 8, bei der der Schaltkontakt 26 an dem Abbrandring 24 anliegt, ist die Umschaltung von der geradzahligen Anzapfung 6 auf die ungeradzahlige Anzapfung 5 abgeschlossen.As soon as the switching contact 27 comes into contact with the erosion ring 25 in the position according to FIG. 7, the load current commutates via the fixed contact 23, the pipe section 19 and the selector arm 17 to the tap 5. Until the switching contact 26 is lifted, the switching resistor 40 then flows just another equalizing current. After reaching the position according to FIG. 8, in which the switching contact 26 bears on the erosion ring 24, the switchover from the even-numbered tap 6 to the odd-numbered tap 5 is completed.

Figur 9 zeigt eine Kontaktanordnung, bei der der Laststrom beim Übergang von dem festen Kontakt 23 bzw. 22 zum Schaltkontakt 27 bzw. 26 eine U-förmige Schleife 42 bildet. Dadurch werden die jeweils beim Öffnen der Kontaktstrecken gebildeten Lichtbögen durch das Magnetfeld des sie erzeugenden Stromes aufgeweitet. Infolgedessen verlöschen die Lichtbögen sehr schnell und der Abbrand an den Schaltkontakten 27 bzw. 26 und den Abbrandringen 25 bzw. 24 bleibt klein.FIG. 9 shows a contact arrangement in which the load current forms a U-shaped loop 42 during the transition from the fixed contact 23 or 22 to the switching contact 27 or 26. As a result, the arcs formed when the contact paths are opened are expanded by the magnetic field of the current generating them. As a result, the arcs are extinguished very quickly and the erosion at the switch contacts 27 and 26 and the erosion rings 25 and 24 remains small.

Claims (7)

  1. Tap-changing equipment for transformers
    - with a fine tap winding (16),
    - with taps (1 to 15), the one half of which is selectable by a first (17) and the other half of which is selectable by a second (18) movable selector arm switching off-load, and
    - with a load diverter with vacuum switch tubes,
    characterised thereby,
    - that only one vacuum switch tube is provided for each phase and
    - that this vacuum switch tube displays two movable switch contacts (26, 27) between two fixed contacts (22, 23), wherein each movable contact is layable against the fixed contact (22, 23) adjacent thereto and against the respective other switch contact (26 or 27).
  2. Tap-changing equipment according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the one switch contact (26) is connected by way of a change-over resistor (40) with one of the selector arms (18) and the other switch contact (27) is connected with a load current line (39) and that each of the fixed contacts (22, 23) is connected with one of the selector arms (17, 18).
  3. Tap-changing equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that the vacuum switch tube is built up of co-axially assembled rotationally symmetrical parts, wherein two push-rods (28, 29), which carry the disc-shaped switch contacts (26, 27) and are provided for their actuation, are displaceable on the axis of symmetry, enter into the vacuum switch tube from mutually opposite ends and each pass through a respective one of the annularly constructed fixed contacts (22, 23).
  4. Tap-changing equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised thereby, that the fixed contacts (22, 23) carry an erosion ring (24, 25) and are constructed as flange of metallic material in a respective tube portion (19, 20) representing a part of the housing of the vacuum switch tube.
  5. Tap-changing equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised thereby, that each of the fixed contacts (22, 23) together with the respectively associated switch contact (26, 27) in contact setting forms a current path of U-shape in an axial section, wherein the contact place at the fixed contact (22 or 23) lies radially outwards in the base of the U and wherein the current flows in radial direction in front of as well as behind the contact place.
  6. Tap-changing equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised thereby, that the contact place of the switch contacts (26, 27) is annular and immediately adjacent to the push rods (28, 29).
  7. Tap-changing equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby, that the switch contacts (26, 27) and the fixed contacts (22, 23) are encompassed over their circumference by a common condensation screen (41).
EP87110777A 1986-08-06 1987-07-24 Tap change device for transformers Expired - Lifetime EP0258614B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87110777T ATE67338T1 (en) 1986-08-06 1987-07-24 TAP SWITCHING DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3626649 1986-08-06
DE3626649 1986-08-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258614A1 EP0258614A1 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0258614B1 true EP0258614B1 (en) 1991-09-11

Family

ID=6306814

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87110777A Expired - Lifetime EP0258614B1 (en) 1986-08-06 1987-07-24 Tap change device for transformers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0258614B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE67338T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3772904D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2023856B3 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006033422B3 (en) * 2006-07-19 2007-11-08 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Vacuum switching tube for load diverter of on-load tap changer, has upper/lower resistance contact plungers axially movable and electrical conductively guided to other plungers, where contact plungers are operated by respective plungers
DE102011008959B3 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-02-09 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Step switch with vacuum interrupters
WO2012034653A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer and vacuum switching tube for such a tap changer
DE102010053466A1 (en) 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Step switch and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer
WO2012136423A1 (en) 2011-04-02 2012-10-11 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL82223C (en) * 1900-01-01
US3206569A (en) * 1964-12-17 1965-09-14 Orin P Mccarty Protective means for transformer tap changer

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006033422B3 (en) * 2006-07-19 2007-11-08 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Vacuum switching tube for load diverter of on-load tap changer, has upper/lower resistance contact plungers axially movable and electrical conductively guided to other plungers, where contact plungers are operated by respective plungers
JP2013539221A (en) * 2010-09-17 2013-10-17 マシイネンフアブリーク・ラインハウゼン・ゲゼルシヤフト・ミツト・ベシユレンクテル・ハフツング Load tap changer and vacuum valve for this load tap changer
WO2012034653A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer and vacuum switching tube for such a tap changer
DE102010045901A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Step switch and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer
DE102010053466A1 (en) 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Step switch and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer
WO2012072181A1 (en) 2010-11-30 2012-06-07 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer and vacuum interrupter for a tap changer of this kind
DE102011008959B9 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-04-26 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Step switch with vacuum interrupters
WO2012097957A1 (en) 2011-01-19 2012-07-26 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer having vacuum interrupters
DE102011008959B3 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-02-09 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Step switch with vacuum interrupters
KR101882536B1 (en) 2011-01-19 2018-07-26 지멘스 악티엔게젤샤프트 Tap changer having vacuum interrupters
WO2012136423A1 (en) 2011-04-02 2012-10-11 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer
CN103460324A (en) * 2011-04-02 2013-12-18 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 Tap changer and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer
CN103460324B (en) * 2011-04-02 2016-03-02 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 Shunting switch and the vacuum switch tube for this shunting switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2023856B3 (en) 1992-02-16
ATE67338T1 (en) 1991-09-15
DE3772904D1 (en) 1991-10-17
EP0258614A1 (en) 1988-03-09

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