EP0255016B1 - Current limiting switch element - Google Patents

Current limiting switch element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255016B1
EP0255016B1 EP87110495A EP87110495A EP0255016B1 EP 0255016 B1 EP0255016 B1 EP 0255016B1 EP 87110495 A EP87110495 A EP 87110495A EP 87110495 A EP87110495 A EP 87110495A EP 0255016 B1 EP0255016 B1 EP 0255016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
magnetic field
contact element
moving contact
auxiliary magnetic
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87110495A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0255016A1 (en
Inventor
Johann Dipl.-Ing. Wolf
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT87110495T priority Critical patent/ATE85456T1/en
Publication of EP0255016A1 publication Critical patent/EP0255016A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2066—Fork-shaped bridge; Two transversally connected contact arms bridging two fixed contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a current-limiting switching device, in which a magnetic release causes a contact opening, in detail according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a current-limiting switching device is known (DE-C-942 455).
  • electromagnets excited by the short-circuit current work there on contact blocking elements, which block the movable contact pieces in the raised position before the final switch-off position against falling back into the switch-on position.
  • An electrical switch which redirects its operating current from main contacts to an auxiliary contact and provides an auxiliary magnetic field in the manner of a so-called blow magnetic field (US Pat. No. 2,555,799).
  • the known arrangement is one of the variously known arrangements under the type of arc running aids.
  • switchgear The most important prerequisite for current-limiting switchgear is a quick contact opening that starts early. In switchgear, this is usually achieved using a fast magnet armature system.
  • the magnetic armature system often strikes the movable contact element before a switch lock is released.
  • electrodynamic forces In order to accelerate the arcing, it is also common to apply electrodynamic forces to the moving contact.
  • Such measures are also used as arcing aids.
  • the effective magnetic field at the contact point is additionally reinforced by iron brackets, iron plates or so-called blow coils. This allows an arc to enter the quenching chamber more quickly.
  • the actual center of magnetic force generation, the magnetic release is usually located relatively away from the contact point.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a current-limiting switching element or switching device that exerts strong opening forces on a movable contact member and can be used both with and without arcing chambers.
  • the magnetic trigger itself serves as a device for the auxiliary magnetic field.
  • the axis of its excitation winding lies at least approximately in the direction of movement of the movable contact member and the current direction to the contact is selected such that the adjacent one Contact member experiences a repulsive force from the fixed contact member with respect to the auxiliary magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field of the magnetic release system which is already available for the switching device, is used directly or as a stray field for the arc movement and for quick contact opening.
  • the movable contact member is movably mounted directly in the magnetic field of the release and the current direction in the movable contact is opposite to that of the coil current.
  • the auxiliary magnetic field can be part of a magnet armature circuit, as a result of which the central point for the greatest magnetic force development can act directly on the contacts located spatially close to it.
  • the magnet armature can be operatively connected to the movable contact member in a manner known per se, whereby an impact armature effect is used.
  • a particularly strong force effect is achieved on the movable contact member since two contact pieces for two contacts are formed on a common movable contact member which extends at least approximately in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the device for the auxiliary magnetic field.
  • Such a contact member can grasp the magnet arrangement in a U-shape or in a crescent shape.
  • the movable contact member offers opening forces a large surface area.
  • the extinguishing plates can be arranged in planes spanned perpendicular to the magnetic field, so that a compact construction results in a switching device with an extinguishing chamber.
  • the direction of movement of the movable contact member does not run in the direction of the auxiliary magnetic field, but perpendicular to it.
  • quenching plates can only be arranged within an auxiliary winding or at an offset level, which leads to a voluminous structure.
  • the common movable contact member can also form several turns around the auxiliary magnetic field, whereby the force effect is further increased.
  • the central magnetic field of the magnetic release system then acts on several turns, which increases the force effect.
  • Mechanisms with a dead center position as are known per se (for example FR-A-1 551 832) and by means of restraining devices, as will be described in more detail, can effect the effect of the magnetic force for opening the contact in a manner known per se be dosed.
  • the contact members carry contact pieces 5.
  • the axis of a device for generating an auxiliary magnetic field 7 is oriented perpendicular to the direction of extension of the movable contact member 3 when it contacts its closed position.
  • the direction of movement of the is approximately in the direction of the axis of the device for generating the auxiliary magnetic field 7 movable contact member 3.
  • the direction of current via the connecting conductor 8, in the direction of arrow 9, is selected so that the movable contact member 3 experiences a repelling force with respect to the auxiliary magnetic field 7 from the fixed contact member.
  • the device for the auxiliary magnetic field 7 consists of an electromagnet, the winding 10 of which is provided with connections 11, and of a magnetic yoke body 12 which leads the field back to the core 13.
  • the magnetic field 7 has an opening effect on the current at a flow direction 9 if the magnetic field with its imaginary axis 14 has a north pole above the plane of the drawing.
  • the legs of the movable contact member common to two contacts 1, 2 carry contact pieces 5 and form 4 U-shaped legs or a current loop with the fixed contact members.
  • a force is exerted on the arc in the direction of the imaginary U-axis, namely in the direction of the U-bottom.
  • Extinguishing plates of an arc chamber 15 can therefore be arranged in the running direction of the arc.
  • the connecting rail 8 also acts as a running rail, and a second running rail 16 can be arranged above the lower running rail.
  • Such quenching chambers 15 can be arranged to both contacts.
  • Magnetic stray fields in the contact area support the arc entry into the quenching chamber, whereby a force is exerted on the arc that is perpendicular to the current direction in the arc and perpendicular to the stray magnetic field in the contact area.
  • the current supply to the contacts can be designed as a series connection for winding the electromagnet.
  • the movable contact member 3 for the two contacts can be pivoted about a mechanical axis 17 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the two contact points act open as a double break in the circuit between the connecting rails 8.
  • a common movable contact member 3 for two contact points is arranged in a plane approximately perpendicular to the axis 14 of the device for generating the auxiliary magnetic field.
  • the fixed contact members form together with the common movable contact member 3 in the contact area U-shaped legs.
  • the power supply and discharge could also be designed differently geometrically if an arc running aid of the type already described is not required.
  • the legs of the U-shaped or crescent-shaped common contact member 3 should end in the magnet area, that is to say, for example, be short. Nevertheless, the movable contact member can be guided in several turns around the axis 14 of the auxiliary magnetic field 7, as is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the movable contact element 3 according to FIG. 2 or according to FIG. 3 can either be translationally movable approximately in the direction of the axis 14 of the device for generating the auxiliary magnetic field 7 of the magnetic field axis 14 or also about an axis in the plane in which the movable contact element 3 according to FIG. 2 extends rotatably. As a result, the ends of the common movable contact member 3 can be moved approximately again in the direction of the magnetic field axis.
  • the magnetic field is amplified in the arrangement according to the invention by the current flow in the fixed contact members 4.
  • FIG Device 6 for the auxiliary magnetic field is part of a magnet armature circuit 18, the magnet armature 22 of which is operatively connected to the movable contact member 3 by a plunger 19 having an opening action on a part 20 intended to be connected to the movable contact members 3.
  • the contact points are arranged in partial chambers 21 made of electrically insulating wall material.
  • the device 6 for the auxiliary magnetic field is an electromagnet, for the excitation winding 10 two contacts are connected in series with a common movable contact member 3.
  • the magnet armature 22 according to FIG. 4 is acted upon by a restraint device and the movable contact member 3 is guided by a mechanism which has a dead center position before the opening path.
  • the restraining forces should be set so that currents with amperage to be switched off are sufficient to move the armature past its dead center position. This prevents undesired opening of the switch too early, and yet the strong magnetic opening forces are used from a threshold value.
  • the capturing device is designed such that the magnet armature 22 is only released in the closing direction of the movable contact member after a time after which contact welding is excluded. This prevents the contacts from closing too early, so that the contact pieces cannot weld.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

A current-limiting switching element, for whose at least one contact set comprising a movable and a fixed contact member, a device for providing an auxiliary magnetic field is arranged with an axis perpendicular to the direction of the extent of the movable contact member. It is provided that the direction of motion of the movable contact member lies in the direction of the axis of the device for providing the auxiliary magnetic field. The direction of the current to the contacts is chosen so that the movable contact member is subjected to a force repelling it from the fixed contact member with respect to the auxiliary magnetic field.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein strombegrenzendes Schaltgerät,bei dem ein Magnetauslöser eine Kontaktöffnung bewirkt, im einzelnen nach Gattungsbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Ein derartiges Strombegrenzendes Schaltgerät ist bekannt (DE-C-942 455). Vom Kurzschlußstrom erregte Elektromagnete arbeiten dort jedoch auf Kontaktsperrglieder, welche die beweglichen Schaltstücke in abgehobener Lage vor der endgültigen Ausschaltstellung gegen Rückgang in die Einschaltlage sperren.The invention relates to a current-limiting switching device, in which a magnetic release causes a contact opening, in detail according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a current-limiting switching device is known (DE-C-942 455). However, electromagnets excited by the short-circuit current work there on contact blocking elements, which block the movable contact pieces in the raised position before the final switch-off position against falling back into the switch-on position.

Es ist ein elektrischer Schalter bekannt, der seinen Betriebsstrom von Hauptkontakten zu einem Hilfskontakt umleitet und ein Hilfsmagnetfeld nach Art eines sogenannten Blasmagnetfeldes zur Verfügung stellt (US-PS 2 555 799). Die bekannte Anordnung ist eine der vielfältig bekannten Vorkehrungen unter der Gattung der Lichtbogenlaufhilfen.An electrical switch is known which redirects its operating current from main contacts to an auxiliary contact and provides an auxiliary magnetic field in the manner of a so-called blow magnetic field (US Pat. No. 2,555,799). The known arrangement is one of the variously known arrangements under the type of arc running aids.

Es ist bei derartigen Schaltgeräten bekannt, die Stromführung zum Festkontakt und zum beweglichen Kontaktstück für Kontaktöffnungskräfte zu nutzen (FR-A-2 400 761). Andererseits richten sich häufige Maßnahmen auf das Geschlossenhalten der Kontakte vor dem Kontaktöffnen (DE-C-942 455, CH-A-264 111). Es ist auch bekannt, das erneute Schließen von bereits abgehobenen Kontakten durch Sperrglieder zu verhindern, die durch einen Elektromagneten betätigt werden (DE-C-942 455). Um hierbei kontaktabhebende Kräfte des Elektromagneten unschädlich zu machen, ist dort der Magnetkern beiderseits mit Magnetschenkeln versehen, die das Magnetfeld über die Kontaktzone hinausführen. Ein derartiger Magnet kann über den ablaufenden Lichtbogen dennoch im Fernbereich als Lichtbogen Blasmagnet verwendet werden.In such switching devices, it is known to use the current supply to the fixed contact and to the movable contact piece for contact opening forces (FR-A-2 400 761). On the other hand, frequent measures are aimed at keeping the contacts closed before the contacts open (DE-C-942 455, CH-A-264 111). It is also known to prevent contacts that have already been lifted from being closed again by blocking elements which are actuated by an electromagnet (DE-C-942 455). In order to render contact-removing forces of the electromagnet harmless, the magnetic core there is provided on both sides with magnetic legs which lead the magnetic field beyond the contact zone. Such a magnet can still be used as an arc blow magnet in the far area via the arc running off.

Bei strombegrenzenden Schaltgeräten ist eine rasche Kontaktöffnung, die frühzeitig einsetzt, die wichtigste Voraussetzung. Bei Schaltgeräten wird dies in der Regel durch ein schnelles Magnetankersystem erreicht. Häufig schlägt das Magnetankersystem schon vor der Entklinkung eines Schaltschlosses auf das bewegliche Kontaktglied. Um den Lichtbogenlauf zu beschleunigen, ist es auch üblich, elektrodynamische Kräfte auf den beweglichen Kontakt einwirken zu lassen. Derartige Maßnahmen werden gleichzeitig als Lichtbogenlaufhilfen benutzt. Hierzu wird das wirksame Magnetfeld an der Kontaktstelle zusätzlich durch Eisenbügel, Eisenplatten oder sogenannte Blasspulen verstärkt. Dadurch kann ein Lichtbogen rascher in die Löschkammer einlaufen. Das eigentliche Zentrum der magnetischen Krafterzeugung, der magnetische Auslöser, liegt dabei in der Regel verhältnismäßig abseits von der Kontaktstelle.The most important prerequisite for current-limiting switchgear is a quick contact opening that starts early. In switchgear, this is usually achieved using a fast magnet armature system. The magnetic armature system often strikes the movable contact element before a switch lock is released. In order to accelerate the arcing, it is also common to apply electrodynamic forces to the moving contact. Such measures are also used as arcing aids. For this purpose, the effective magnetic field at the contact point is additionally reinforced by iron brackets, iron plates or so-called blow coils. This allows an arc to enter the quenching chamber more quickly. The actual center of magnetic force generation, the magnetic release, is usually located relatively away from the contact point.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein strombegrenzendes Schaltelement bzw. Schaltgerät zu entwickeln, das auf ein bewegliches Kontaktglied starke Öffnungskräfte ausübt und sowohl mit als auch ohne Löschkammern verwendet werden kann.The invention has for its object to develop a current-limiting switching element or switching device that exerts strong opening forces on a movable contact member and can be used both with and without arcing chambers.

Die Lösung der geschilderten Aufgabe erfolgt durch ein Schaltgerät nach Patentanspruch 1. Danach dient als Einrichtung für das Hilfsmagnetfeld der Magnetauslöser selbst. Die Achse seiner Erregerwicklung liegt zumindest in etwa in der Bewegungsrichtung des beweglichen Kontaktgliedes und die Stromrichtung zum Kontakt ist so gewählt, daß das benachbarte Kontaktglied hinsichtlich des Hilfsmagnetfeldes eine vom festen Kontaktglied abstoßende Kraft erfährt. Das Magnetfeld des für das Schaltgerät ohnehin vorhandene Magnetauslösersystems wird direkt oder als Streufeld für die Lichtbogenbewegung und für die schnelle Kontaktöffnung genutzt. Das bewegliche Kontaktglied ist dabei direkt im Magnetfeld des Auslösers beweglich gelagert und die Stromrichtung im beweglichen Kontakt der des Spulenstroms entgegengesetzt.The above object is achieved by a switching device according to claim 1. Thereafter, the magnetic trigger itself serves as a device for the auxiliary magnetic field. The axis of its excitation winding lies at least approximately in the direction of movement of the movable contact member and the current direction to the contact is selected such that the adjacent one Contact member experiences a repulsive force from the fixed contact member with respect to the auxiliary magnetic field. The magnetic field of the magnetic release system, which is already available for the switching device, is used directly or as a stray field for the arc movement and for quick contact opening. The movable contact member is movably mounted directly in the magnetic field of the release and the current direction in the movable contact is opposite to that of the coil current.

Das Hilfsmagnetfeld kann dabei Teil eines Magnetankerkreises sein, wodurch die zentrale Stelle für die größte magnetische Kraftentfaltung direkt auf die räumlich hierzu nahe angeordneten Kontakte einwirken kann. Darüber hinaus kann der Magnetanker dabei in an sich bekannter Weise in Wirkverbindung mit den beweglichen Kontaktglied stehen, wodurch eine Schlagankerwirkung genutzt wird.The auxiliary magnetic field can be part of a magnet armature circuit, as a result of which the central point for the greatest magnetic force development can act directly on the contacts located spatially close to it. In addition, the magnet armature can be operatively connected to the movable contact member in a manner known per se, whereby an impact armature effect is used.

Es wird eine besonders starke Kraftwirkung auf das bewegliche Kontaktglied erreicht, da zwei Kontaktstücke für Zwei Kontakte an einem gemeinsamen beweglichen Kontaktglied ausgebildet sind, das sich zumindest in etwa in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Achse der Einrichtung für das Hilfsmagnetfeld erstreckt. Ein solches Kontaktglied kann die Magnetanordnung U-förmig oder sichelförmig fassen. Das bewegliche Kontaktglied bietet dabei Öffnungskräften eine große Angriffsfläche.A particularly strong force effect is achieved on the movable contact member since two contact pieces for two contacts are formed on a common movable contact member which extends at least approximately in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the device for the auxiliary magnetic field. Such a contact member can grasp the magnet arrangement in a U-shape or in a crescent shape. The movable contact member offers opening forces a large surface area.

In senkrecht zum Magnetfeld aufgespannt gedachten Ebenen können dabei die Löschbleche angeordnet werden, so daß sich ein gedrungener Aufbau bei einem Schaltgerät mit Löschkammer ergibt. Bei der eingangs geschilderten bekannten Anordnung (US-A-255 799) verläuft die Bewegungsrichtung des beweglichen Kontaktgliedes nicht in Richtung des Hilfsmagnetfeldes, sondern senkrecht hierzu. Dazu können Löschbleche nur innerhalb einer Hilfswicklung oder in versetzter Ebene hierzu angeordnet werden, was zu einem voluminösen Aufbau führt.The extinguishing plates can be arranged in planes spanned perpendicular to the magnetic field, so that a compact construction results in a switching device with an extinguishing chamber. In the known arrangement described at the outset (US-A-255 799), the direction of movement of the movable contact member does not run in the direction of the auxiliary magnetic field, but perpendicular to it. For this purpose, quenching plates can only be arranged within an auxiliary winding or at an offset level, which leads to a voluminous structure.

Das gemeinsame bewegliche Kontaktglied kann auch mehrere Windungen um das Hilfsmagnetfeld bilden, wodurch die Kraftwirkung noch vergrößert wird. Anders als bei einer bekannten strombegrenzenden oder elektrodynamisch öffnenden Schalteinrichtung (US-A-3 555 471) wirkt das zentrale Magnetfeld des Magnetauslösersystems dann auf mehrere Windungen, wodurch die Kraftwirkung vergrößert wird. Wenn die festen Kontaktglieder zusammen mit dem gemeinsamen beweglichen Kontaktglied zweier Kontaktstellen im Kontaktbereich U-förmige Schenkel bilden, wird der Ablauf des Lichtbogens in bekannter Weise gefördert, da sich Stromschlaufen bilden.The common movable contact member can also form several turns around the auxiliary magnetic field, whereby the force effect is further increased. In contrast to a known current-limiting or electrodynamically opening switching device (US-A-3 555 471), the central magnetic field of the magnetic release system then acts on several turns, which increases the force effect. When the fixed contact members together with the common movable contact member form two contact points in the contact area U-shaped legs, the discharge of the arc is promoted in a known manner, since current loops are formed.

Durch Mechanismen mit Totpunktlage, wie sie an sich bekannt sind, (beispielsweise FR-A-1 551 832) und durch Fesselungseinrichtungen, wie sie noch im einzelnen beschrieben werden sollen, kann die Wirkung der magnetischen Kraft zum Öffnen des Kontaktes in an sich bekannter Weise dosiert werden.Mechanisms with a dead center position, as are known per se (for example FR-A-1 551 832) and by means of restraining devices, as will be described in more detail, can effect the effect of the magnetic force for opening the contact in a manner known per se be dosed.

Die Erfindung soll nun anhand von in der Zeichnung grob schematisch wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden:

  • In Figur 1 ist teilweise aufgebrochen und bei entfernten Bauteilen ein strombegrenzendes Schaltgerät ohne magnetischen Auslöser und Schaltschloß, wiedergegeben.
  • In Figur 2 ist eine Prinzipanordnung eines für zwei Kontaktstellen gemeinsamen beweglichen Kontaktgliedes zum Hilfsmagnetfeld wiedergegeben.
  • In Figur 3 ist ein bewegliches Kontaktglied aus mehreren Windungen in seiner Anordnung zum Hilfsmagnetfeld veranschaulicht.
  • In Figur 4 ist ein strombegrenzendes Schaltgerät veranschaulicht, dessen Einrichtung für das Hilfsmagnetfeld Teil eines Magnetankerkreises ist, wobei der Magnetanker auf ein Schaltschloß entklinkend einwirken kann.
The invention will now be explained in greater detail on the basis of exemplary embodiments shown roughly schematically in the drawing:
  • In Figure 1 is partially broken and a current-limiting switching device without a magnetic trigger and switch lock, shown with removed components.
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic arrangement of a movable contact element for the auxiliary magnetic field that is common for two contact points.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a movable contact element made up of several turns in its arrangement with respect to the auxiliary magnetic field.
  • A current-limiting switching device is illustrated in FIG. 4, the device for the auxiliary magnetic field being part of a magnetic armature circuit, the magnetic armature being able to act in a non-releasing manner on a switching lock.

Beim strombegrenzenden Schaltgerät bzw. Schaltelement nach Figur 1 sind zwei Kontakte 1, 2, die jeweils zwischen einem beweglichen Kontaktglied 3 und einem festen Kontaktglied 4 hergestellt sind, angeordnet. Die Kontaktglieder tragen Kontaktstücke 5. Senkrecht zur Erstreckungsrichtung des beweglichen Kontaktglieds 3 ist beim Kontakt zu seiner geschlossenen Stellung die Achse einer Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Hilfsmagnetfeld 7 ausgerichtet. Etwa in Richtung der Achse der Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des Hilfsmagnetfeldes 7 liegt die Bewegungsrichtung des beweglichen Kontaktgliedes 3. Die Stromrichtung über Anschlußleiter 8, in Pfeilrichtung 9, ist so gewählt, daß das bewegliche Kontaktglied 3 hinsichtlich des Hilfsmagnetfeldes 7 eine vom festen Kontaktglied abstoßende Kraft erfährt.In the current-limiting switching device or switching element according to Figure 1, two contacts 1, 2, which are each made between a movable contact member 3 and a fixed contact member 4, are arranged. The contact members carry contact pieces 5. The axis of a device for generating an auxiliary magnetic field 7 is oriented perpendicular to the direction of extension of the movable contact member 3 when it contacts its closed position. The direction of movement of the is approximately in the direction of the axis of the device for generating the auxiliary magnetic field 7 movable contact member 3. The direction of current via the connecting conductor 8, in the direction of arrow 9, is selected so that the movable contact member 3 experiences a repelling force with respect to the auxiliary magnetic field 7 from the fixed contact member.

Die Einrichtung für das Hilfsmagnetfeld 7 besteht aus einem Elektromagneten, dessen Wicklung 10 mit Anschlüssen 11 versehen ist, und aus einem magnetischen Rückschlußkörper 12, der das Feld zum Kern 13 zurückführt.The device for the auxiliary magnetic field 7 consists of an electromagnet, the winding 10 of which is provided with connections 11, and of a magnetic yoke body 12 which leads the field back to the core 13.

Das Magnetfeld 7 wirkt auf den Strom bei einer Flußrichtung 9 öffnend ein, wenn das Magnetfeld mit seiner gedachten Achse 14 über der Zeichenebene einen Nordpol aufweist.The magnetic field 7 has an opening effect on the current at a flow direction 9 if the magnetic field with its imaginary axis 14 has a north pole above the plane of the drawing.

Die Schenkel des zu zwei Kontakten 1, 2 gemeinsamen beweglichen Kontaktgliedes tragen Kontaktstücke 5 und bilden mit den festen Kontaktgliedern 4 U-förmige Schenkel, bzw. eine Stromschlaufe. Bei einem sich öffnenden Kontakt wird auf den Lichtbogen eine Kraft in Richtung der gedachten U-Achse, und zwar in Richtung zum U-Boden ausgeübt. Löschbleche einer Lichtbogenkammer 15 können daher in der Laufrichtung des Lichtbogens angeordnet werden. Die Anschlußschiene 8 wirkt dabei zugleich als Laufschiene, wobei eine zweite Laufschiene 16 oberhalb der unteren Laufschiene angeordnet sein kann. Derartige Löschkammern 15 können zu beiden Kontakten angeordnet sein. Den Lichtbogeneinlauf in die Löschkammer unterstützen dabei magnetische Streufelder im Kontaktbereich, wodurch auf den Lichtbogen eine Kraft ausgeübt wird, die senkrecht zur Stromrichtung im Lichtbogen und senkrecht zum Streumagnetfeld im Kontaktbereich steht.The legs of the movable contact member common to two contacts 1, 2 carry contact pieces 5 and form 4 U-shaped legs or a current loop with the fixed contact members. When the contact opens, a force is exerted on the arc in the direction of the imaginary U-axis, namely in the direction of the U-bottom. Extinguishing plates of an arc chamber 15 can therefore be arranged in the running direction of the arc. The connecting rail 8 also acts as a running rail, and a second running rail 16 can be arranged above the lower running rail. Such quenching chambers 15 can be arranged to both contacts. Magnetic stray fields in the contact area support the arc entry into the quenching chamber, whereby a force is exerted on the arc that is perpendicular to the current direction in the arc and perpendicular to the stray magnetic field in the contact area.

Die Stromführung zu den Kontakten kann als Reihenschaltung zur Wicklung des Elektromagneten ausgelegt sein.The current supply to the contacts can be designed as a series connection for winding the electromagnet.

Das bewegliche Kontaktglied 3 für die zwei Kontakte ist im Ausführungsbeispiel um eine mechanische Achse 17 verschwenkbar. Die beiden Kontaktstellen wirken geöffnet als Doppelunterbrechung im Stromkreis zwischen den Anschlußschienen 8.The movable contact member 3 for the two contacts can be pivoted about a mechanical axis 17 in the exemplary embodiment. The two contact points act open as a double break in the circuit between the connecting rails 8.

In Figur 2 ist ein gemeinsames bewegliches Kontaktglied 3 für zwei Kontaktstellen in einer Ebene in etwa senkrecht zur Achse 14 der Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des Hilfsmagnetfeldes angeordnet. Die festen Kontaktglieder bilden zusammen mit dem gemeinsamen beweglichen Kontaktglied 3 jeweils im Kontaktbereich U-förmige Schenkel. Die Stromzuführung und Abführung könnte geometrisch auch anders ausgebildet sein, wenn eine Lichtbogenlaufhilfe der bereits geschilderten Art nicht benötigt wird. Um andererseits die Magnetwirkung auch für das Loslaufen des Lichtbogens zu nutzen, sollten die Schenkel des U-förmigen bzw. sichelförmigen gemeinsamen Kontaktgliedes 3 im Magnetbereich enden, also beispielsweise kurz ausgebildet sein. Dennoch kann das bewegliche Kontaktglied in mehreren Windungen um die Achse 14 des Hilfsmagnetfeldes 7 geführt sein, wie es in Figur 3 veranschaulicht ist.In Figure 2, a common movable contact member 3 for two contact points is arranged in a plane approximately perpendicular to the axis 14 of the device for generating the auxiliary magnetic field. The fixed contact members form together with the common movable contact member 3 in the contact area U-shaped legs. The power supply and discharge could also be designed differently geometrically if an arc running aid of the type already described is not required. On the other hand, in order to also use the magnetic effect for the arc to start running, the legs of the U-shaped or crescent-shaped common contact member 3 should end in the magnet area, that is to say, for example, be short. Nevertheless, the movable contact member can be guided in several turns around the axis 14 of the auxiliary magnetic field 7, as is illustrated in FIG. 3.

Das bewegliche Kontaktglied 3 nach Figur 2 oder nach Figur 3 kann entweder translatorisch annähernd in Richtung der Achse 14 der Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des Hilfsmagnetfeldes 7 der Magnetfeldachse 14 bewegbar sein oder auch um eine Achse in der Ebene, in der das bewegliche Kontaktglied 3 nach Figur 2 sich erstreckt, drehbar gelagert sein. Die Enden des gemeinsamen beweglichen Kontaktgliedes 3 sind dadurch annähernd wieder in Richtung der Magnetfeldachse beweglich. Das Magnetfeld wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung durch den Stromfluß in den festen Kontaktgliedern 4 verstärkt. Da sich beim strombegrenzenden Schaltelement schon bei geringen Stromstärken große Öffnungskräfte wegen der Lage der Kontakte zum Magnetfeld und wegen der besonderen beweglichen Kontaktglieder ergeben, kommt man auch bei Schaltern mit Schaltschloß und Magnetauslöser mit verhältnismäßig einfachen Magnetauslösesystemen, die relativ langsam sein dürfen, aus.The movable contact element 3 according to FIG. 2 or according to FIG. 3 can either be translationally movable approximately in the direction of the axis 14 of the device for generating the auxiliary magnetic field 7 of the magnetic field axis 14 or also about an axis in the plane in which the movable contact element 3 according to FIG. 2 extends rotatably. As a result, the ends of the common movable contact member 3 can be moved approximately again in the direction of the magnetic field axis. The magnetic field is amplified in the arrangement according to the invention by the current flow in the fixed contact members 4. Since the current-limiting switching element produces large opening forces even at low currents because of the position of the contacts to the magnetic field and because of the special movable contact elements, switches with a key switch and magnetic release can also be made with relatively simple magnetic release systems, which may be relatively slow.

In Figur 4 ist ein Schaltelement veranschaulicht, dessen Einrichtung 6 für das Hilfsmagnetfeld Teil eines Magnetankerkreises 18 ist, dessen Magnetanker 22 in Wirkverbindung mit dem beweglichen Kontaktglied 3 steht, indem ein Stößel 19 auf ein mit dem beweglichen Kontaktgliedern 3 in Verbindung stehend gedachtes Teil 20 öffnend einwirkt. Die Kontaktstellen sind im Ausführungsbeispiel in Teilkammern 21 aus elektrisch isolierendem Wandmaterial angeordnet. Die Einrichtung 6 für das Hilfsmagnetfeld ist ein Elektromagnet, zu dessen Erregerwicklung 10 zwei Kontakte bei einem gemeinsamen beweglichen Kontaktglied 3 in Reihe geschaltet sind.A switching element is illustrated in FIG Device 6 for the auxiliary magnetic field is part of a magnet armature circuit 18, the magnet armature 22 of which is operatively connected to the movable contact member 3 by a plunger 19 having an opening action on a part 20 intended to be connected to the movable contact members 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the contact points are arranged in partial chambers 21 made of electrically insulating wall material. The device 6 for the auxiliary magnetic field is an electromagnet, for the excitation winding 10 two contacts are connected in series with a common movable contact member 3.

Es ist günstig, wenn der Magnetanker 22 nach Figur 4 von einer Fesselungseinrichtung beaufschlagt und das bewegliche Kontaktglied 3 von einem Mechanismus geführt ist, der vor dem Öffnungsweg eine Totpunktlage hat. Dabei sollten die Fesselungskräfte so eingestellt sein, daß Ströme mit abzuschaltender Stromstärke sicher ausreichen, den Anker über seine Totpunktlage hinwegzubewegen. Dadurch wird ein unerwünschtes zu frühes Öffnen des Schalters vermieden, und dennoch werden die starken magnetischen Öffnungskräfte ab einem Schwellwert genutzt.It is expedient if the magnet armature 22 according to FIG. 4 is acted upon by a restraint device and the movable contact member 3 is guided by a mechanism which has a dead center position before the opening path. The restraining forces should be set so that currents with amperage to be switched off are sufficient to move the armature past its dead center position. This prevents undesired opening of the switch too early, and yet the strong magnetic opening forces are used from a threshold value.

Es ist weiter vorteilhaft, wenn die Fesselungseinrichtung so ausgelegt ist, daß der Magnetanker 22 in Schließrichtung des beweglichen Kontaktgliedes erst nach einer Zeit freigegeben wird, nach der ein Kontaktverschweißen ausgeschlossen ist. Dadurch vermeidet man also ein zu frühes Schließen der Kontakte, so daß die Kontaktstücke nicht verschweißen können.It is further advantageous if the capturing device is designed such that the magnet armature 22 is only released in the closing direction of the movable contact member after a time after which contact welding is excluded. This prevents the contacts from closing too early, so that the contact pieces cannot weld.

Claims (7)

  1. Current-limiting switching apparatus, in which a magnetic initiator effects a contact opening, whereby there is provided for at least one contact (1,2), which is produced between a moving (3) and a fixed (4) contact element, a device (6) for an auxiliary magnetic field (7), the axis (14) of which is arranged perpendicularly to the direction of extension of the moving contact element (3), characterized in that as device for the auxiliary magnetic field (7) the magnetic initiator is arranged in such a way that its axis (14) of the exciter winding (10) lies at least approximately in the direction of movement of the moving contact element (3), whereby its field, with a substantial component perpendicular to the direction of movement of the moving contact, acts thereon, and in that the current direction to the contact is chosen such that the moving contact element (3) experiences a force repelling from the fixed contact element (4) with respect to the auxiliary magnetic field (7), and in that two contact pieces (5) for contacts are arranged on a common moving contact element (3) which extends at least approximately in a plane perpendicular to the axis (14) of the device for the auxiliary magnetic field (7).
  2. Current-limiting switching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the common moving contact element (3) forms several turns about the axis (14) of the device for the auxiliary magnetic field (7).
  3. Current-limiting switching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the contact region the fixed contact elements (4) together with the common moving contact element (3) in each case form U-shaped limbs.
  4. Current-limiting switching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (6) for the auxiliary magnetic field (7) is part of a magnet armature circuit (18), the magnet armature (22) of which is in operative connection with the moving contact element (3).
  5. Current-limiting switching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the moving contact element (3) is controlled by a mechanism which has a dead-centre position in front of the opening path.
  6. Current-limiting switching apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnet armature (22) is loaded by a containing device and the moving contact element (3) is controlled by a mechanism which has a dead-centre position in front of the opening path and in that the containing forces are set such that currents with current intensity to be disconnected are safely sufficient to move the armature beyond its dead-centre position.
  7. Current-limiting switching apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the containing device is designed in such a way that the magnet armature (22) in the closing direction of the moving contact element (3) is only released after a period after which contact-welding is excluded.
EP87110495A 1986-07-31 1987-07-20 Current limiting switch element Expired - Lifetime EP0255016B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87110495T ATE85456T1 (en) 1986-07-31 1987-07-20 CURRENT-LIMITING SWITCHING ELEMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3625998 1986-07-31
DE3625998 1986-07-31

Publications (2)

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EP0255016A1 EP0255016A1 (en) 1988-02-03
EP0255016B1 true EP0255016B1 (en) 1993-02-03

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EP87110495A Expired - Lifetime EP0255016B1 (en) 1986-07-31 1987-07-20 Current limiting switch element

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US (1) US4810841A (en)
EP (1) EP0255016B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2718012B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE85456T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3783965D1 (en)
NO (1) NO173208C (en)

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JPH071657B2 (en) * 1989-09-18 1995-01-11 三菱電機株式会社 Circuit breaker
JP2749392B2 (en) * 1989-09-18 1998-05-13 三菱電機株式会社 Circuit breaker
FR2652199B1 (en) * 1989-09-19 1994-05-13 Telemecanique SWITCHING DEVICE WITH CURRENT LOOPS ASSISTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARC.
US5268661A (en) * 1992-09-18 1993-12-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Current throttle technique
EP0649155B1 (en) * 1993-10-15 1997-04-02 Hager Electro S.A. Double arc runner for a circuit breaker arc guide chamber
EP0736887B1 (en) * 1995-03-30 2002-05-29 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical contact assembly
US5874873A (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-02-23 Eaton Corporation Electric control apparatus
JP4334057B2 (en) * 1999-04-15 2009-09-16 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 Electromagnetic relay
EP1548772A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-29 ABB Schweiz Holding AG Arc extinguishing installation for a circuit breaker with a double break
EP1548773B1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2008-03-26 ABB Schweiz AG Arc extinguishing installation for a circuit breaker with a double break
FR2953979B1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2012-10-26 Schneider Electric Ind Sas CUTTING DEVICE WITH MAGNETIC REINFORCING CIRCUIT
DE102011078524A1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Double-breaking protective switching device
US8947181B2 (en) 2012-11-15 2015-02-03 Eaton Corporation Arc runner assembly and circuit interrupter
JP6548905B2 (en) * 2015-02-06 2019-07-24 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 switch
US9673004B1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2017-06-06 Eaton Corporation Electrical switching apparatus, and arc chamber assembly and associated circuit protection method

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US3555471A (en) * 1968-02-28 1971-01-12 Vni I Pk I Electr Oapparatov Automatic breaker with coil adjustable to effect current limiting or electrodynamic blowoff compensation
FR2400761A1 (en) * 1977-08-18 1979-03-16 Gould Inc ANTI-KICKBACK LOCKING SYSTEM FOR CURRENT LIMITATION SWITCHES

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FR1551832A (en) * 1967-01-27 1968-12-27
US3555471A (en) * 1968-02-28 1971-01-12 Vni I Pk I Electr Oapparatov Automatic breaker with coil adjustable to effect current limiting or electrodynamic blowoff compensation
FR2400761A1 (en) * 1977-08-18 1979-03-16 Gould Inc ANTI-KICKBACK LOCKING SYSTEM FOR CURRENT LIMITATION SWITCHES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6340226A (en) 1988-02-20
NO173208B (en) 1993-08-02
DE3783965D1 (en) 1993-03-18
NO873054D0 (en) 1987-07-21
JP2718012B2 (en) 1998-02-25
ATE85456T1 (en) 1993-02-15
NO173208C (en) 1993-11-10
US4810841A (en) 1989-03-07
EP0255016A1 (en) 1988-02-03
NO873054L (en) 1988-02-01

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