EP0254985A1 - Steam generator with circulating atmospheric or supercharged fluidized-bed combustion, and process for its control - Google Patents
Steam generator with circulating atmospheric or supercharged fluidized-bed combustion, and process for its control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0254985A1 EP0254985A1 EP87110332A EP87110332A EP0254985A1 EP 0254985 A1 EP0254985 A1 EP 0254985A1 EP 87110332 A EP87110332 A EP 87110332A EP 87110332 A EP87110332 A EP 87110332A EP 0254985 A1 EP0254985 A1 EP 0254985A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating surface
- fluidized bed
- steam generator
- superheater heating
- bed cooler
- Prior art date
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/227—Drums and collectors for mixing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steam generator with circulating atmospheric or pressure-charged fluidized bed combustion, consisting of a fluidized bed combustion chamber, at least one separator, at least one downstream of the separator and with a partial flow of the separated solids separated by the separator fluid bed cooler and a waste heat boiler train, in which feed water preheater, superheater, evaporator - and intermediate superheater heating surfaces are arranged, at least one evaporator heating surface being arranged in the swirl combustion chamber and at least one intermediate superheater heating surface in a fluid bed cooler and an adjustable by-pass line being provided parallel to at least one heating surface.
- Such a steam generator is known from EP-PS 68 301.
- an evaporator heating surface with a bypass line connected in parallel is provided in a fluid bed cooler, and only heating surfaces for the reheating are arranged in another fluid bed cooler.
- the heating of the ZÜ steam is regulated via the bed temperature, which in turn is different from that of the Fluid bed cooler recycled ash flow is affected.
- At least one superheater heating surface is arranged in the fluidized bed cooler together with the reheater heating surface and an adjustable bypass line is assigned to the reheater heating surface.
- the fluid bed cooler can achieve excellent control dynamics even with large and rapid load changes, and secondly the heat absorption distribution between the heating surfaces in the fluid bed cooler can be influenced by means of the bypass line.
- the bypass flow in the reheater heating surface in the fluid bed cooler changes the internal heat transfer coefficient on the one hand and the logarithmic temperature difference on the other. There is an almost linear relationship between the heat flow transferred and the bypass flow.
- the heat balance in the firing loop and the heat distribution between the firing loop and the waste heat boiler train can be influenced by changing the ash flow passed through the fluidized bed cooler, while the ZÜ outlet temperature is maintained by adjusting the bypass line accordingly.
- the fluid bed cooler can lag somewhat behind the fluidized bed temperature, so that condensation and water jets can occur in the reheater heating surface. This is also avoided by the arrangement according to the invention.
- a further second superheater heating surface upstream of the first superheater heating surface is provided in the fluidized bed cooler, an overflow wall being arranged between the two superheater heating surfaces in order to improve the thermal coupling between the intermediate superheater heating surface and the first superheater heating surface. This coupling is further improved if these two heating surfaces are interleaved.
- the intermediate superheater heating surface arranged in the fluid bed cooler is in the Abhitzekesselzug arranged second reheater heating surface is connected upstream.
- the size of the bypass flow is dependent on the warm-up span for the same control capacity of the reheater outlet temperature.
- the bypass flow is smallest when the entire reheater heating surface is in the fluid bed cooler. It is therefore advantageous if the entire reheater heating surface is divided between the fluidized bed cooler and the waste heat boiler train in the manner described above.
- a bypass line is also assigned to this reheater heating surface in order to be able to influence the heat distribution on the reheater heating surfaces on the one hand and the heat distribution between the combustion loop and the boiler train on the other hand.
- the mixing section preferably consists of an outer jacket and a venturi-like insert welded into the outer jacket on one side, the hot steam flowing axially through the venturi-like insert, and the cold steam being introduced into an annular space between the outer jacket and the outer surface of the insert and out through an annular gap the annulus enters the hot steam.
- the invention is also directed to a method for regulating the steam generator.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that when the partial ash flow supplied to the fluid bed cooler is increased, the bypass line assigned to the reheater heating surface is opened further and is closed further as the ash flow decreases.
- the steam generator has a swirl combustion chamber (1), to which fuel, optionally additive, primary air and secondary air is added in a manner that is not explained in more detail.
- the solids discharged from the swirl combustion chamber (1) with the flue gas are separated in a separator (2).
- the separated solids are fed via a solids line (3) to a three-way distributor (4), which distributes the solids to two solids lines (5) and (6), one of which is in a fluid bed cooler (7) and the other in the vortex combustion chamber (1) opens.
- Solids cooled in the fluid bed cooler (7) are also fed to the vortex combustion chamber (1) via a line (8).
- the gas emerging from the separator (2) enters a waste heat boiler train (9) at a temperature of, for example, 850 ° C. and leaves the waste heat boiler train (9) at its lower end.
- Feed water is supplied via a line (10) and preheated in a first feed water preheater heating surface (11) designed as a bulkhead heating surface and then in a feed water preheating heating surface (12) designed as a wall heating surface.
- the preheated water is fed via a line (13) to an evaporator heating surface (14), which is preferably designed as a wall tube heating surface, of the vortex combustion chamber (1).
- the heating surface (14) is connected to a separating bottle (16) via a line (15). Separated water is returned via a line (17) with a pump (18) to the entrance of the preheating surface (11).
- Steam is fed from the separating bottle (16) via a line (19) to a first superheater heating surface (20) constructed from support tubes.
- the steam flows from the superheater heating surface (20) via a line (21) into a superheater heating surface (22) arranged in the fluidized bed cooler, from there via a line (24) optionally provided with an injection cooler (23) into a further superheater heating surface (25) the fluid bed cooler.
- the steam superheated in this way is fed via a line (26), which may have an injection cooler (27), to a last superheater heating surface (28), which is arranged as a bulkhead heating surface in the upper end of the waste heat boiler train (9) and flows from there to an unillustrated one Turbine.
- the steam for intermediate superheating is fed via a line (29) to an intermediate superheater heating surface (30) which is arranged in the waste heat boiler train (9) in the manner shown in FIG.
- a line (32) having a mixing section (31) the steam heated in the heating surface (30) is fed via a three-way valve (33) to a further reheater heating surface (34) in the fluidized bed cooler (7).
- the heating surfaces (25) and (34) are interleaved and are in the fluid bed cooler (7) from the superheater heating surface (22) separated by an overflow wall (35).
- the solid line (5) opens into the fluidized bed cooler (7) in the area of the heating surfaces (25/34) nested with one another.
- the superheated steam is returned to the turbine via a line (37) having a mixing section (36).
- a line (37) having a mixing section (36).
- the three-way valve (33) is connected to the mixing section (36) via a bypass line (40).
- bypass control is also preferred for the superheater heating surface (30).
- an inlet temperature of 850 ° C. should be maintained over the entire load range at the flue gas inlet to the waste heat boiler train (9), while a constant reheater outlet temperature of 535 ° C. is to be maintained. If less heat is now absorbed via the evaporator heating surface (14), the flue gas temperature at the entrance of the waste heat boiler train (9) can rise. To prevent this, the distributor (4) is adjusted so that more solid is fed via line (5) to the fluid bed cooler (7).
- the three-way valve (33) is adjusted so that a corresponding partial flow of the steam brought in from the heating surface (30) is fed via line (40) to the mixing section (36), so that the desired reheat temperature at the outlet of the mixing section (36) is maintained.
- the entire load range it can be ensured in a simple manner that both the reheater outlet temperature and the flue gas inlet temperature at the inlet of the Waste heat boiler train (9) can be kept substantially constant.
- the mixing section has an outer jacket (42) into which the hot steam enters (from the bottom in FIG. 2).
- a venturi-like insert (43) is arranged in the outer casing in such a way that an annular space (44) is formed between the inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the insert.
- the diameter of the inlet (43a) of the insert (43) is selected so that the annular space (44) communicates with the interior of the jacket via an annular gap (44a).
- the outlet (43b) is sealed and welded to the inner surface of the outer jacket.
- the steam flow to be bypassed is fed to the annular space (44) via an inlet connection (45) connected to the bypass line and leaves it through the annular gap (44a) in counterflow to the hot steam and is mixed into the latter with deflection.
- the jacket (42) and the connecting piece (45) are preferably formed in one piece as a T-piece. With the arrangement, the colder vapor can be mixed in without thermal shocks and negligible thermal stresses on the insert and / or outer jacket. A pressure drop is largely avoided by using a venturi-like insert (43).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Bei einem Dampferzeuger mit zirkulierender atmosphärischer oder druckaufgeladener Wirbelschichtfeuerung, bestehend aus einer Wirbelbrennkammer, mindestens einem Abscheider, mindestens einem dem Abscheider nachgeschalteten und mit einem Teilstrom der vom Abscheider abgeschiedenen Feststoffe beaufschlagbaren Fließbettkühler und einem Abhitzekesselzug, in denen Speisewasservorwärmer-, Verdampfer-, Überhitzer- und Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen angeordnet sind, wobei mindestens eine Verdampferheizfläche in der Wirbelbrennkammer und mindestens eine Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche in einem Fließbettkühler angeordnet ist, und parallel zu mindestens einer Heizfläche eine einstellbare By-Pass-Leitung angordnet ist, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß zusammen mit der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche (34) in dem Fließbettkühler (7) mindestens eine Überhitzerheizfläche (25) angeordnet ist und der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche (34) eine einstellbare Bypass-Leitung (40) zugeordnet ist.In the case of a steam generator with circulating atmospheric or pressure-charged fluidized-bed combustion, consisting of a fluidized-bed combustion chamber, at least one separator, at least one fluid bed cooler downstream of the separator and capable of being supplied with a partial flow of the solids separated by the separator, and a waste heat boiler train in which feed water preheater and superheater, evaporator Intermediate superheater heating surfaces are arranged, whereby at least one evaporator heating surface is arranged in the fluidized bed combustion chamber and at least one intermediate superheater heating surface is arranged in a fluidized bed cooler, and an adjustable by-pass line is arranged parallel to at least one heating surface, according to the invention that together with the intermediate superheater heating surface (34) in the fluidized bed cooler (7) has at least one superheater heating surface (25) and an adjustable bypass line (40) is assigned to the intermediate superheater heating surface (34) t.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dampferzeuger mit zirkulierender atmosphärischer oder druckaufgeladener Wirbelschichtfeuerung, bestehend aus einer Wirbelbrennkammer, mindestens einem Abscheider, mindestens einem dem Abscheider nachgeschalteten und mit einem Teilstrom der vom Abscheider abgeschiedenen Feststoffe beaufschlagbaren Fließbettkühler und einem Abhitzekesselzug, in denen Speisewasservorwärmer-, Verdampfer-, Überhitzer- und Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen angeordnet sind, wobei mindestens eine Verdampferheizfläche in der Wirbelbrennkammer und mindestens eine Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche in einem Fließbettkühler angeordnet ist und parallel zu mindestens einer Heizfläche eine einstellbare By-Pass-Leitung vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a steam generator with circulating atmospheric or pressure-charged fluidized bed combustion, consisting of a fluidized bed combustion chamber, at least one separator, at least one downstream of the separator and with a partial flow of the separated solids separated by the separator fluid bed cooler and a waste heat boiler train, in which feed water preheater, superheater, evaporator - and intermediate superheater heating surfaces are arranged, at least one evaporator heating surface being arranged in the swirl combustion chamber and at least one intermediate superheater heating surface in a fluid bed cooler and an adjustable by-pass line being provided parallel to at least one heating surface.
Ein solcher Dampferzeuger ist aus der EP-PS 68 301 bekannt. Bei dem bekannten Dampferzeuger ist in einem Fließbettkühler eine Verdampferheizfläche mit einer dazu parallel geschalteten Bypass-Leitung vorgesehen und in einem anderen Fließbettkühler sind ausschließlich Heizflächen für die Zwischenüberhitzung angeordnet. Somit wird die Aufwärmung des ZÜ-Dampfes geregelt über die Bettemperatur, die iherseits von dem über den Fließbettkühler rückgeführten Aschestrom beeinflußt wird.Such a steam generator is known from EP-
Weiterhin ist aus der Zeitschrift "Modern Power Systems", Dezember/Januar 1984/85, Seite 57 ein Dampferzeuger bekannt, bei dem jeweils zwei Verdampferheizflächen und zwei Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen in getrennten Fließbettkühlern angeordnet sind. Bypass-Leitungen sind nicht vorgesehen, jedoch ist zwischen den beiden Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen ein Einspritzkühler eingeschaltet. Über diesen und den dem Fließbettkühler zugeführten Aschestrom erfolgt die Temperaturregelung der ZÜ-Austrittstemperatur.Furthermore, from the magazine "Modern Power Systems", December / January 1984/85, page 57, a steam generator is known in which two evaporator heating surfaces and two reheater heating surfaces are arranged in separate fluid bed coolers. Bypass lines are not provided, but an injection cooler is switched on between the two reheater heating surfaces. The temperature of the ZÜ outlet temperature is controlled via this and the ash flow supplied to the fluid bed cooler.
Bei den bekannten Dampferzeugern ist eine einfache Beeinflussung der Wärmebilanz in der Feuerungsschleife: Wirbelbrennkammer, Abscheider, Fließbettkühler, Wirbelbrennkammer nicht möglich. Bei großen und schnellen Laständerungen ergibt sich ein nicht ausreichendes Regelverhalten, Aufrechterhaltung einer im wesentlichen konstanten Zwischenüberhitzeraustrittstemperatur und einer im wesentlichen konstanten Rauchgaseintrittstemperatur in den Abhitzekesselzug.With the known steam generators, it is not possible to simply influence the heat balance in the furnace loop: swirl combustion chamber, separator, fluid bed cooler, swirl combustion chamber is not possible. With large and rapid load changes, there is insufficient control behavior, maintenance of an essentially constant reheater outlet temperature and an essentially constant flue gas inlet temperature in the waste heat boiler train.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Dampferzeuger zu schaffen, bei dem eine einfache und schnelle Beeinflussung der Feuerungsseite bei gleichzeitiger einfacher Regelung der Zwischenüberhitzeraustrittstemperatur möglich ist.It is the object of the present invention to provide a steam generator in which a simple and quick influencing of the firing side is possible while at the same time simple regulation of the reheater outlet temperature.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß zusammen mit der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche in dem Fließbettkühler mindestens eine Überhitzerheizfläche angeordnet ist und der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche eine einstellbare Bypass-Leitung zugeordnet ist.This object is achieved in that at least one superheater heating surface is arranged in the fluidized bed cooler together with the reheater heating surface and an adjustable bypass line is assigned to the reheater heating surface.
Durch die Anordnung einer Überhitzerheizfläche zusammen mit der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche mit Bypass-Leitung in dem Fließbettkühler ist zum einen gegenüber einer ZÜ-Temperturregelung mittels Einspritzkühler eine hervorragende Regeldynamik auch bei großen und schnellen Laständerungen erreichbar, und zum anderen kann mittels der Bypass-Leitung die Wärmeaufnahmeverteilung zwischen den Heizflächen im Fließbettkühler beeinflußt werden. Der Bypass-Strom verändert in der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche im Fließbettkühler zum einen die innere Wärmeübergangszahl und zum anderen die logarithmische Temperaturdifferenz. Zwischen dem übertragenen Wärmestrom und dem Bypass-Strom besteht ein nahezu linearer Zusammenhang.By arranging a superheater heating surface together with the intermediate superheater heating surface with bypass line in compared to a ZÜ temperature control using an injection cooler, the fluid bed cooler can achieve excellent control dynamics even with large and rapid load changes, and secondly the heat absorption distribution between the heating surfaces in the fluid bed cooler can be influenced by means of the bypass line. The bypass flow in the reheater heating surface in the fluid bed cooler changes the internal heat transfer coefficient on the one hand and the logarithmic temperature difference on the other. There is an almost linear relationship between the heat flow transferred and the bypass flow.
Somit kann die Wärmebilanz in der Feuerungsschleife und die Wärmeverteilung zwischen der Feuerungsschleife und dem Abhitzekesselzug beeinflußt werden, indem der über den Fließbettkühler geführte Aschestrom geändert wird, während die ZÜ-Austrittstemperatur durch entsprechende Einstellung der Bypass-Leitung aufrecht erhalten bleibt.Thus, the heat balance in the firing loop and the heat distribution between the firing loop and the waste heat boiler train can be influenced by changing the ash flow passed through the fluidized bed cooler, while the ZÜ outlet temperature is maintained by adjusting the bypass line accordingly.
Beim Anfahren des Dampferzeugers kann der Fließbettkühler der Wirbelbettemperatur etwas nacheilen, sodaß in der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche Kondensation und Wasserstöße auftreten können. Die wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung ebenfalls vermieden.When the steam generator starts up, the fluid bed cooler can lag somewhat behind the fluidized bed temperature, so that condensation and water jets can occur in the reheater heating surface. This is also avoided by the arrangement according to the invention.
Es kann zweckmäßig sein, daß in dem Fließbettkühler eine weitere der ersten Überhitzerheizfläche vorgeschaltete zweite Überhitzerheizfläche vorgesehen ist, wobei zwischen den beiden Überhitzerheizflächen eine Überlaufwand angeordnet ist, um die thermische Kopplung zwischen der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche und der ersten Überhitzerheizfläche zu verbessern. Diese Kopplung wird weiter verbessert, wenn diese beiden Heizflächen miteinander verschachtelt sind.It may be expedient that a further second superheater heating surface upstream of the first superheater heating surface is provided in the fluidized bed cooler, an overflow wall being arranged between the two superheater heating surfaces in order to improve the thermal coupling between the intermediate superheater heating surface and the first superheater heating surface. This coupling is further improved if these two heating surfaces are interleaved.
Es ist auch zweckmäßig, wenn der im Fließbettkühler angeordneten Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche eine im Abhitzekesselzug angeordnete zweite Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche vorgeschaltet ist. Die Größe des Bypass-Stromes ist bei gleicher Regelfähigkeit der Zwischenüberhitzeraustrittstemperatur abhängig von der Aufwärmespanne. Der Bypass-Strom ist am kleinsten, wenn die gesamte Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche im Fließbettkühler liegt. Es ist daher von Vorteil, wenn die gesamte Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche in der vorstehend beschriebenen Weise zwischen Fließbettkühler und Abhitzekesselzug aufgeteilt ist.It is also expedient if the intermediate superheater heating surface arranged in the fluid bed cooler is in the Abhitzekesselzug arranged second reheater heating surface is connected upstream. The size of the bypass flow is dependent on the warm-up span for the same control capacity of the reheater outlet temperature. The bypass flow is smallest when the entire reheater heating surface is in the fluid bed cooler. It is therefore advantageous if the entire reheater heating surface is divided between the fluidized bed cooler and the waste heat boiler train in the manner described above.
Es ist zweckmäßig, daß auch dieser Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche eine Bypass-Leitung zugeordnet ist, um die Wärmeverteilung auf die Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen einerseits und die Wärmeverteilung zwischen Feuerungsschleife und Kesselzug andererseits beeinflussen zu können.It is expedient that a bypass line is also assigned to this reheater heating surface in order to be able to influence the heat distribution on the reheater heating surfaces on the one hand and the heat distribution between the combustion loop and the boiler train on the other hand.
Es von Vorteil, wenn dem Austrittsende jeder Bypass-Leitung jeweils eine besondere Mischstrecke zugeordnet ist. Grenzen werden der Bypass-Regelung nur durch den Werkstoff gesetzt. Denn je mehr Dampf umfahren wird, um so höher muß die Auslegungstemperatur für die Heizfläche und die Mischstrecke sein.It is advantageous if a particular mixing section is assigned to the outlet end of each bypass line. The bypass control is only limited by the material. Because the more steam is bypassed, the higher the design temperature for the heating surface and the mixing section must be.
Vorzugsweise besteht die Mischstrecke aus einem äußeren Mantel und einem in dem äußeren Mantel einseitig eingeschweißten venturiähnlichen Einsatz, wobei der heiße Dampf den venturiähnlichen Einsatz axial durchströmt, und der kalte Dampf in einen Ringraum zwischen äußerem Mantel und Außenfläche des Einsatzes eingeführt wird und über einen Ringspalt aus dem Ringraum in den heißen Dampf eintritt.The mixing section preferably consists of an outer jacket and a venturi-like insert welded into the outer jacket on one side, the hot steam flowing axially through the venturi-like insert, and the cold steam being introduced into an annular space between the outer jacket and the outer surface of the insert and out through an annular gap the annulus enters the hot steam.
Die Erfindung richtet sich auch auf ein Verfahren zum Regeln des Dampferzeugers.The invention is also directed to a method for regulating the steam generator.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Erhöhung des dem Fließbettkühler zugeführten Ascheteilstromes die der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche zugeordnete Bypass-Leitung weiter geöffnet und bei abnehmendem Aschestrom weiter geschlossen wird.The process according to the invention is characterized in that when the partial ash flow supplied to the fluid bed cooler is increased, the bypass line assigned to the reheater heating surface is opened further and is closed further as the ash flow decreases.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen
- Fig.1 ein Prinzipschaltbildung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Dampferzeugers und
- Fig.2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Einmischstrecke, wie sie bei dem Dampferzeuger gemäß Fig.1 Verwendung finden kann und
- Fig.3 einen Querschnitt längs der Linie III-III in Fig.2
- 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the steam generator according to the invention and
- 2 shows a longitudinal section through a mixing section, as can be used in the steam generator according to FIG
- 3 shows a cross section along the line III-III in Fig.2
Der Dampferzeuger weist eine Wirbelbrennkammer (1) auf, der in nicht näher erläuterter Weise Brennstoff, gegebenenfalls Additiv, Primärluft und Sekundärluft zugegeben wird. Die mit dem Rauchgas aus der Wirbelbrennkammer (1) ausgetragenen Feststoffe werden in einem Abscheider (2) abgeschieden. Die abgeschiedenen Feststoffe werden über eine Feststoffleitung (3) einem Drei-Wege-Verteiler (4) zugeführt, der die Feststoff auf zwei Feststoffleitungen (5) und (6) verteilt, von denen die eine in einen Fließbettkühler (7) und die andere in der Wirbelbrennkammer (1) mündet. In dem Fließbettkühler (7) abgekühlte Feststoffe werden über eine Leitung (8) ebenfalls der Wirbelbrennkammer (1) zugeleitet.The steam generator has a swirl combustion chamber (1), to which fuel, optionally additive, primary air and secondary air is added in a manner that is not explained in more detail. The solids discharged from the swirl combustion chamber (1) with the flue gas are separated in a separator (2). The separated solids are fed via a solids line (3) to a three-way distributor (4), which distributes the solids to two solids lines (5) and (6), one of which is in a fluid bed cooler (7) and the other in the vortex combustion chamber (1) opens. Solids cooled in the fluid bed cooler (7) are also fed to the vortex combustion chamber (1) via a line (8).
Das aus dem Abscheider (2) austretende Gas tritt in einen Abhitzekesselzug (9) mit einer Temperatur von z.B. 850°C ein und verläßt den Abhitzekesselzug (9) an seinem unteren Ende.The gas emerging from the separator (2) enters a waste heat boiler train (9) at a temperature of, for example, 850 ° C. and leaves the waste heat boiler train (9) at its lower end.
Speisewasser wird über eine Leitung (10) herangeführt und in einer als Schottenheizfläche ausgebildeten ersten Speisewasservorwärmerheizfläche (11) und danach in einer als Wandheizfläche ausgebildeten Speisewasservorwärmheizfläche (12) vorerwärmt. Das vorerwärmte Wasser wird über eine Leitung (13) einer vorzugsweise als Wandrohrheizfläche ausgebildeten Verdampferheizfläche (14) der Wirbelbrennkammer (1) zugeführt. Die Heizfläche (14) ist über eine Leitung (15) mit einer Abscheideflasche (16) verbunden. Abgeschiedenes Wasser wird über eine Leitung (17) mit einer Pumpe (18) zum Eingang der Vorwärmheizfläche (11) zurückgeführt. Aus der Abscheideflasche (16) wird Dampf über eine Leitung (19) einer aus Tragrohren aufgebauten ersten Überhitzerheizfläche (20) zugeleitet. Über eine Leitung (21) strömt der Dampf aus der Überhitzerheizfläche (20) in eine in dem Fließbettkühler angeordnete Überhitzerheizfläche (22), von dort über eine gegebenenfalls mit einem Einspritzkühler (23) versehene Leitung (24) in eine weitere Überhitzerheizfläche (25) in dem Fließbettkühler. Der so überhitzte Dampf wird über eine Leitung (26), die gegebenenfalls einen Einspritzkühler (27) aufweist, einer letzten Überhitzerheizfläche (28) zugeleitet, die als Schottenheizfläche im oberen Ende des Abhitzekesselzuges (9) angeordnet ist und strömt von dort zu einer nicht dargestellten Turbine.Feed water is supplied via a line (10) and preheated in a first feed water preheater heating surface (11) designed as a bulkhead heating surface and then in a feed water preheating heating surface (12) designed as a wall heating surface. The preheated water is fed via a line (13) to an evaporator heating surface (14), which is preferably designed as a wall tube heating surface, of the vortex combustion chamber (1). The heating surface (14) is connected to a separating bottle (16) via a line (15). Separated water is returned via a line (17) with a pump (18) to the entrance of the preheating surface (11). Steam is fed from the separating bottle (16) via a line (19) to a first superheater heating surface (20) constructed from support tubes. The steam flows from the superheater heating surface (20) via a line (21) into a superheater heating surface (22) arranged in the fluidized bed cooler, from there via a line (24) optionally provided with an injection cooler (23) into a further superheater heating surface (25) the fluid bed cooler. The steam superheated in this way is fed via a line (26), which may have an injection cooler (27), to a last superheater heating surface (28), which is arranged as a bulkhead heating surface in the upper end of the waste heat boiler train (9) and flows from there to an unillustrated one Turbine.
Von der Turbine wird der Dampf zur Zwischenüberhitzung über eine Leitung (29) einer Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche (30) zugeführt, die in dem Abhitzekesselzug (9) in der aus der Fig.1 ersichtlichen Weise angeordnet ist. Über eine eine Mischstrecke (31) aufweisende Leitung (32) wird der in der Heizfläche (30) erhitzte Dampf über ein Drei-Wege-Ventil (33) einer weiteren Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche (34) im Fließbettkühler (7) zugeführt. Die Heizflächen (25) und (34) sind miteinander verschachtelt und sind im Fließbettkühler (7) von der Überhitzerheizfläche (22) durch eine Überfließwand (35) getrennt. Die Feststoffleitung (5) mündet in den Fließbettkühler (7) im Bereich der miteinander verschachtelten Heizflächen (25/34) ein. Der überhitzte Dampf wird über eine eine Mischstrecke (36) aufweisende Leitung (37) zur Turbine zurückgeführt. In der Zufuhrleitung zur Heizfläche (34) befindet sich ein Drei-Wege-Ventil (38), das über eine Bypass-Leitung (39) mit der Mischstrecke (31) verbunden ist. Das Drei-Wege-Ventil (33) ist über eine Bypass-Leitung (40) mit der Mischstrecke (36) verbunden.From the turbine, the steam for intermediate superheating is fed via a line (29) to an intermediate superheater heating surface (30) which is arranged in the waste heat boiler train (9) in the manner shown in FIG. Via a line (32) having a mixing section (31), the steam heated in the heating surface (30) is fed via a three-way valve (33) to a further reheater heating surface (34) in the fluidized bed cooler (7). The heating surfaces (25) and (34) are interleaved and are in the fluid bed cooler (7) from the superheater heating surface (22) separated by an overflow wall (35). The solid line (5) opens into the fluidized bed cooler (7) in the area of the heating surfaces (25/34) nested with one another. The superheated steam is returned to the turbine via a line (37) having a mixing section (36). There is a three-way valve (38) in the supply line to the heating surface (34), which is connected to the mixing section (31) via a bypass line (39). The three-way valve (33) is connected to the mixing section (36) via a bypass line (40).
Alternativ zur Bypass-Anordnung (31, 38, 39) ist es möglich, einen in der Leitung (32) vorgesehenen Einspritzkühler (41) zu verwenden. Jedoch wird auch für die Überhitzerheizfläche (30) eine Bypass-Regelung bevorzugt.As an alternative to the bypass arrangement (31, 38, 39), it is possible to use an injection cooler (41) provided in the line (32). However, bypass control is also preferred for the superheater heating surface (30).
Bei Betrieb des Dampferzeugers soll z.B. am Rauchgaseintritt zum Abhitzekesselzug (9) über den gesamten Lastbereich eine Eintrittstemperatur von 850°C aufrecht erhalten werden, während eine konstante Zwischenüberhitzeraustrittstemperatur von 535°C gehalten werden soll. Wenn nun über die Verdampferheizfläche (14) weniger Wärme aufgenommen wird, kann die Rauchgastemperatur am Eingang des Abhitzekesselzuges (9) ansteigen. Um dieses zu verhindern, wird der Verteiler (4) so verstellt, daß mehr Feststoff über die Leitung (5) dem Fließbettkühler (7) zugeleitet wird. Um dann einen Anstieg der Zwischenüberhitzerausgangstemperatur zu vermeiden, wird das Drei-Wege-Ventil (33) so verstellt, daß ein entsprechender Teilstrom des von der Heizfläche (30) herangeführten Dampfes über Leitung (40) der Mischstrecke (36) zugeführt wird, so daß die gewünschte Zwischenüberhitzungstemperatur am Auslaß der Mischstrecke (36) eingehalten wird. Über den gesamten Lastbereich kann so auf einfache Weise gewährleistet werden, daß sowohl die Zwischenüberhitzeraustrittstemperatur als auch die Rauchgaseintrittstemperatur am Einlaß des Abhitzekesselzuges (9) im wesentlichen konstant gehalten werden können.When the steam generator is in operation, for example, an inlet temperature of 850 ° C. should be maintained over the entire load range at the flue gas inlet to the waste heat boiler train (9), while a constant reheater outlet temperature of 535 ° C. is to be maintained. If less heat is now absorbed via the evaporator heating surface (14), the flue gas temperature at the entrance of the waste heat boiler train (9) can rise. To prevent this, the distributor (4) is adjusted so that more solid is fed via line (5) to the fluid bed cooler (7). In order then to avoid an increase in the reheater outlet temperature, the three-way valve (33) is adjusted so that a corresponding partial flow of the steam brought in from the heating surface (30) is fed via line (40) to the mixing section (36), so that the desired reheat temperature at the outlet of the mixing section (36) is maintained. Over the entire load range it can be ensured in a simple manner that both the reheater outlet temperature and the flue gas inlet temperature at the inlet of the Waste heat boiler train (9) can be kept substantially constant.
In der Fig. 2 ist eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform für eine Mischstrecke dargestellt. Die Mischstrecke weist einen äußeren Mantel (42) auf, in den der heiße Dampf eintritt (in der Fig.2 von unten). In dem äußeren Mantel ist ein venturiähnlicher Einsatz (43) angeordnet derart, daß zwischen der Innenfläche des äußeren Mantels und der Außenfläche des Einsatzes ein Ringraum (44) ausgebildet ist. Der Durchmesser des Einlaufes (43a) des Einsatzes (43) ist so gewählt, daß der Ringraum (44) über einen Ringspalt (44a) mit dem Inneren des Mantels in Verbindung steht. Der Auslauf (43b) ist abgedichtet mit der Innenfläche des äußeren Mantels verschweißt. Der byzupassende Dampfstrom wird über einen mit der Bypass-Leitung verbundenen Einlaßstutzen (45) dem Ringraum (44) zugeleitet und verläßt diesen durch den Ringspalt (44a) im Gegenstrom zum heißen Dampf und wird unter Umlenkung in diesem eingemischt. Vorzugsweise sind der Mantel (42) und der Stutzen (45) als T-Stück einstückig ausgebildet. Mit der Anordnung kann ein Einmischen des kälteren Dampfes ohne Thermoschocks und vernachlässigbare Wärmespannungen am Einsatz und/oder äußeren Mantel erreicht werden. Durch die Verwendung eines venturiähnlichen Einsatzes (43) wird ein Druckabfall weitgehendst vermieden.2 shows a preferred embodiment for a mixing section. The mixing section has an outer jacket (42) into which the hot steam enters (from the bottom in FIG. 2). A venturi-like insert (43) is arranged in the outer casing in such a way that an annular space (44) is formed between the inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the insert. The diameter of the inlet (43a) of the insert (43) is selected so that the annular space (44) communicates with the interior of the jacket via an annular gap (44a). The outlet (43b) is sealed and welded to the inner surface of the outer jacket. The steam flow to be bypassed is fed to the annular space (44) via an inlet connection (45) connected to the bypass line and leaves it through the annular gap (44a) in counterflow to the hot steam and is mixed into the latter with deflection. The jacket (42) and the connecting piece (45) are preferably formed in one piece as a T-piece. With the arrangement, the colder vapor can be mixed in without thermal shocks and negligible thermal stresses on the insert and / or outer jacket. A pressure drop is largely avoided by using a venturi-like insert (43).
Es könnte in gewissen Anwendungsfällen auch zweckmäßig sein, zwischen der Leitung (21) und der Leitung (26) ebenfalls eine Bypass-Anordnung mit Drei-Wege-Ventil, Bypass-Leitung und Mischstrecke vorzusehen. In den den Leitungen (24) und (26) sind jeweils noch Rückschlagklappen (46) vorzugsweise vorzusehen.In certain applications it could also be expedient to also provide a bypass arrangement with a three-way valve, bypass line and mixing section between the line (21) and the line (26). Check valves (46) should preferably be provided in each of the lines (24) and (26).
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863625373 DE3625373A1 (en) | 1986-07-26 | 1986-07-26 | STEAM GENERATOR WITH CIRCULATING ATMOSPHERICAL OR PRESSURE-CHARGED FLUEL BURN FIRING, AND METHOD FOR ITS REGULATION |
| DE3625373 | 1986-07-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0254985A1 true EP0254985A1 (en) | 1988-02-03 |
Family
ID=6306072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87110332A Withdrawn EP0254985A1 (en) | 1986-07-26 | 1987-07-17 | Steam generator with circulating atmospheric or supercharged fluidized-bed combustion, and process for its control |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4748940A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0254985A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63259302A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7612387A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD261401A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3625373A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL266977A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA875392B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2767380A1 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-02-19 | Gec Alsthom Stein Ind | HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE FOR A FLUIDIZED BED CIRCULATING BOILER |
| DE102015213863A1 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | Technische Universität Dresden | Method and plant for heat extraction from fluidized beds with heat pipe heat exchangers in combination with the operation of a gas turbine with efficient waste heat recovery |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE462994B (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1990-09-24 | Abb Stal Ab | COMBUSTION PLANT WITH FLUIDIZING BEDDEN WHICH THE WATER FLOW TO THE CITIZEN CAN BE REGULATED SO THAT IN ACCIDENTAL LOSS PREVENTION A RECOVERABLE WATER FLOW IS RECOVERED TO PREVENTORS AND SUPERVISORS |
| US4920751A (en) * | 1989-01-24 | 1990-05-01 | Pyropower Corporation | System and method for reheat steam temperature control in circulating fluidized bed boilers |
| DD291803A5 (en) | 1989-01-24 | 1991-07-11 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation,Sf | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE TEMPERATURE OF INTERMEDIATE HEATING STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS WITH A CIRCULATING SWITCH LAYER |
| US5038568A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-08-13 | Pyropower Corporation | System for reheat steam temperature control in circulating fluidized bed boilers |
| SE9000603D0 (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1990-02-20 | Abb Stal Ab | SETTING AND DEVICE TO REGULATE POWER OUTLETS FROM SPRING BURNING |
| US5273000A (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1993-12-28 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Reheat steam temperature control in a circulating fluidized bed steam generator |
| FI933961A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1994-12-25 | Ahlstroem Oy | Method for treating solids at high temperature |
| US5442919A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-08-22 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Reheater protection in a circulating fluidized bed steam generator |
| US5469698A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1995-11-28 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Pressurized circulating fluidized bed reactor combined cycle power generation system |
| US5605118A (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1997-02-25 | Tampella Power Corporation | Method and system for reheat temperature control |
| US5570645A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-11-05 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed system and method of operating same utilizing an external heat exchanger |
| DE10039317A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-04-11 | Alstom Power Boiler Gmbh | Steam generating plant |
| DE10354136B4 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2014-04-03 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Circulating fluidized bed reactor |
| WO2006099033A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method of starting up a direct heating system for the flameless combustion of fuel and direct heating of a process fluid |
| DE102005036792A1 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-08 | Ecoenergy Gesellschaft Für Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Mbh | Method and device for generating superheated steam |
| KR20100061449A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-06-07 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | A flameless combustion heater |
| US20140065559A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-06 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Pressurized oxy-combustion power boiler and power plant and method of operating the same |
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| US4312301A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1982-01-26 | Battelle Development Corporation | Controlling steam temperature to turbines |
| DE3125849A1 (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-20 | Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Ag, 4200 Oberhausen | STEAM GENERATOR WITH CIRCULATING ATMOSPHERIC OR PRESSURE-CHARGED FLUEL BURN FIRING AND METHOD FOR ITS REGULATION |
| US4709663A (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1987-12-01 | Riley Stoker Corporation | Flow control device for solid particulate material |
-
1986
- 1986-07-26 DE DE19863625373 patent/DE3625373A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-07-17 EP EP87110332A patent/EP0254985A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-07-22 ZA ZA875392A patent/ZA875392B/en unknown
- 1987-07-23 PL PL1987266977A patent/PL266977A1/en unknown
- 1987-07-23 AU AU76123/87A patent/AU7612387A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1987-07-24 US US07/077,605 patent/US4748940A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-24 DD DD87305328A patent/DD261401A5/en unknown
- 1987-07-24 JP JP62183773A patent/JPS63259302A/en active Pending
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| CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK, Band 55, Nr. 2, Februar 1983, Seiten 87-93, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Nürnberg, DE; L. REH et al.: "Wirbelschicht-Prozesse für die Chemie- und Hütten-Industrie, die Energieumwandlung und den Umweltschutz" * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2767380A1 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-02-19 | Gec Alsthom Stein Ind | HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE FOR A FLUIDIZED BED CIRCULATING BOILER |
| EP0898116A1 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-02-24 | GEC ALSTHOM Stein Industrie | Heat exchange device for a circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| DE102015213863A1 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | Technische Universität Dresden | Method and plant for heat extraction from fluidized beds with heat pipe heat exchangers in combination with the operation of a gas turbine with efficient waste heat recovery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DD261401A5 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| PL266977A1 (en) | 1988-08-04 |
| DE3625373A1 (en) | 1988-02-04 |
| JPS63259302A (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| ZA875392B (en) | 1988-04-27 |
| US4748940A (en) | 1988-06-07 |
| AU7612387A (en) | 1988-01-28 |
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