EP0254807A2 - Method for the production of non-woven fabrics - Google Patents
Method for the production of non-woven fabrics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0254807A2 EP0254807A2 EP87105254A EP87105254A EP0254807A2 EP 0254807 A2 EP0254807 A2 EP 0254807A2 EP 87105254 A EP87105254 A EP 87105254A EP 87105254 A EP87105254 A EP 87105254A EP 0254807 A2 EP0254807 A2 EP 0254807A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- reactive
- phenolic
- formaldehyde
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing resin-bonded nonwovens, the nonwovens of which consist of organic fibers such as wool, cotton, rayon, polyester or acrylic fibers. Much of the fiber material used here is obtained from textile waste through a tearing process.
- Aerodynamic fleece formation is preferably used.
- the pre-opened fiber material is further divided, caught by an air stream, transported and continuously deposited on a perforated screen roller to the fleece.
- the binder is sprinkled in powder form into the fleece via rollers, vibrating troughs or similar metering devices.
- an intensive and uniform distribution of the binder in the nonwoven material must be ensured by swirling.
- the fiber material, which now contains binder is then brought back under suction onto the cross-section of the fiber web into a gap formed between suction rolls and laid down again to form the nonwoven.
- the hardening of the binders and thus the final consolidation of the nonwovens to form the nonwoven can also be carried out using various techniques.
- the nonwoven is preferably passed continuously between two wire mesh belts through a long hardening channel in which the curing takes place by means of hot air at 160 to 220 ° C. which is sucked or blown through the nonwoven. This process provides web and plate-shaped nonwovens.
- Another way of strengthening the nonwovens is to harden the binders by hot pressing, which is particularly useful for the production of more compacted plates and molded parts is applied.
- the fleece is only pre-dried and pre-hardened in the hardening channel at substantially lower temperatures and the material is subsequently shaped accordingly in hot presses.
- the textile nonwovens obtained in this way have the unpleasant property that they occasionally, especially after exposure to elevated temperatures (30 to 60 ° C.) and moisture, spread a perturbing amine odor which results from the curing agent (hexamethylenetetramine) or its amine decomposition products.
- the curing agent hexamethylenetetramine
- the textile nonwovens produced in this way have a sufficient level of strength and thermal behavior as are known and appreciated from the nonwovens bonded with novolak and hexamethylenetetramine to date. This is surprising insofar as it has hitherto been assumed that larger amounts of hexamethylenetetramine are required as hardeners for novolaks in order to achieve a sufficient level of strength.
- the binders used according to the invention are a mixture of at least two powdered resins, a non-heat-reactive phenolic resin and a heat-reactive resin.
- the non-heat-reactive resin is a phenolic resin of the general formula condensed in an acid medium wherein R and R ⁇ are the same or different and are hydrogen or an alkyl chain having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- the starting products are phenol, cresols, xylenols or longer-chain alkylphenols, which are condensed in an acidic medium with formaldehyde or a compound which releases formaldehyde under condensation conditions, the phenol / formaldehyde ratio being in the range from 1.06 to 1.09.
- the heat-reactive resins which can be used individually or in combination, can come from three different groups: the phenolic, amino and epoxy resins.
- the non-heat-reactive phenolic resin is mixed with one or more of these heat-reactive condensation products in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 90:10 and this mixture is used as a binder.
- Heat-reactive phenolic resins are reaction products from the alkaline condensation of a phenolic component with formaldehyde or a compound that releases formaldehyde under the condensation condition.
- Mono- or polynuclear phenols or mixtures of the aforementioned can be used as the phenolic component Classes of compounds are used, both mononuclear and polynuclear phenols.
- phenol itself, and its alkyl-substituted homologs, such as o-, m- or p-cresol, xylenes or higher alkylated phenols, also halogen-substituted phenols such as chloro- or bromophenol and polyhydric phenols such as resorcinol or pyrocatechol, and multinuclear phenols such as naphthols, bisphenol A or bisphenol F.
- alkyl-substituted homologs such as o-, m- or p-cresol, xylenes or higher alkylated phenols
- halogen-substituted phenols such as chloro- or bromophenol and polyhydric phenols such as resorcinol or pyrocatechol
- multinuclear phenols such as naphthols, bisphenol A or bisphenol F.
- the phenolic components and formaldehyde are preferably used in a molar ratio of 1: 1.0 to 1: 4.0.
- the phenolic resins to be used according to the invention, the heat-reactive and the non-heat-reactive, must have a free phenol content of less than 1%, and they must be in powder form.
- Both melamine and benzoguanamine or urea-formaldehyde condensation products and their mixed condensates are to be used as heat-reactive amino resins. They can be used alone, but preferably in a mixture (in any mixing ratio) with the phenolic resoles, as the heat-reactive binder component. All commercially available solid epoxy resins based on bisphenol A and bisphenol F can be used as epoxy resins.
- All resins used are used dry and in powder form. The various resin components are mixed together as a powder.
- the binder mixtures thus obtained in particular those containing epoxy resin as the heat-reactive component, 0.1 to 2 wt .-% of a curing accelerator, such as. As dicyandiamide or imidazole derivatives, are added.
- the binders according to the invention are incorporated into the fiber material using customary methods.
- the ratio of binder to fiber material varies depending on the application between 10 to 40 to 90 to 60; the resin content is preferably in the range from 20 to 40%.
- the resin bond in the fleece consists essentially in point-like connections of the fibers at their crossing points.
- the individual binder components melt in the same temperature range. It is advantageous if the non-heat reactive phenolic resin and melt the heat-reactive condensation product in the temperature range from 60 to 100 ° C.
- phenol novolak a phenol-formaldehyde condensation product with a phenol-formaldehyde ratio of 1: 0.77 was used, which was produced under the usual technical conditions and a melting point according to DIN 53181 (capillary method) from 90 to 95 ° C and a content of free phenol according to DIN 16916-02-L2 of approx. 0.3%.
- the melamine resin used is a melamine-formaldehyde condensation product with a melamine-formaldehyde ratio of 1: 2.5 and a melting point of 69 - 72 ° C.
- the epoxy resins used are commercially available products (e.g. Rütapox 0194 or Epikote 1004) based on bisphenol A with an epoxy equivalent of 900 to 1000 g / equivalent.
- a polymer powder (polypropylene) with a flower oil (60%) was used as an odor masking agent.
- the flexural strength was measured on sand bodies (140 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 15 mm), which were obtained by hot pressing (2 min at 170 ° C.) a mixture of 90 parts by weight. Quartz sand and 10 parts by weight Powder resin were produced (weight per rod: approx. 75 g).
- a nonwoven fabric made with 30% powder resin on the basis of a textile fiber mixture is pressed at 180 ° C. to form approximately 10 mm thick, square plates (dimensions 250 ⁇ 250 mm).
- 3 test specimens (90 ⁇ 200 mm) are punched out of each of the plates and stored together in sealed 3-liter glass vessels containing 30 ml of water for 16 hours at 40 ° C and then the vessels are opened and assessed by an odor team .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von phenolharzgebundenen Textilvliesstoffen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß als Bindemittel ein pulverförmiges Gemisch aus einem nicht wärmereaktiven Phenolharz und einem oder mehreren wärmereaktiven Kondensationsprodukten aus der Gruppe der Phenol-, Amino- oder Epoxidharze eingesetzt wird.The invention relates to a process for producing phenolic resin-bonded textile nonwovens, which is characterized in that a powdery mixture of a non-heat-reactive phenolic resin and one or more heat-reactive condensation products from the group of phenolic, amino or epoxy resins is used as the binder.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von harzgebundenen Vliesstoffen, deren Faservliese aus organischen Fasern, wie Wolle, Baumwolle, Zellwolle, Polyester- oder Acrylfasern bestehen. Ein Großteil des hier verwendeten Fasermaterials wird über einen Reißprozeß aus Textilabfällen gewonnen.The invention relates to a method for producing resin-bonded nonwovens, the nonwovens of which consist of organic fibers such as wool, cotton, rayon, polyester or acrylic fibers. Much of the fiber material used here is obtained from textile waste through a tearing process.
Diese Textilvliesstoffe haben sich als Polster- und Dämmstoffe seit vielen Jahren auf verschiedenen Anwendungsgebieten bestens bewährt, insbesondere haben sie auch Eingang in den Automobilbau gefunden. Hier ist es vor allem die hohe Schallabsorptionsfähigkeit, die sie in zunehmendem Maße Verwendung finden lassen. Das gilt nicht nur für den Automobilbau, sondern im Zeichen des wachsenden Umweltschutzes für viele andere Maschinenausrüstungen und Aggregate.These textile nonwovens have proven themselves as upholstery and insulation materials for many years in various fields of application, in particular they have also found their way into the automotive industry. Above all, it is the high sound absorption capacity that makes them increasingly used. This applies not only to the automotive industry, but in the context of growing environmental protection for many other machine equipment and units.
Für die Produktion der Faservliese lassen sich alle gebräuchlichen Produktionstechniken einsetzen. Bevorzugt wird die aerodynamische Vliesbildung angewendet. Das vorgeöffnete Fasermaterial wird weiter zerteilt, von einem Luftstrom erfaßt, transportiert und auf einer Lochsiebwalze laufend zum Vlies abgelegt. Das Bindemittel wird in Pulverform über Walzen, Vibrationsrinnen oder ähnlichen Dosiereinrichtungen in das Vlies eingestreut. In einem nachgeschalteten, geschlossenen System muß durch Verwirbelung für eine intensive und gleichmäßige Verteilung des Bindemittels im Vliesmaterial gesorgt werden. Anschließend wird das jetzt bindemittelhaltige Fasergut unter Saugwirkung wieder auf den Querschnitt der Faserbahn in einen zwischen Saugwalzen gebildeten Spalt zusammengeführt und erneut zum Vlies abgelegt.All common production techniques can be used for the production of the nonwovens. Aerodynamic fleece formation is preferably used. The pre-opened fiber material is further divided, caught by an air stream, transported and continuously deposited on a perforated screen roller to the fleece. The binder is sprinkled in powder form into the fleece via rollers, vibrating troughs or similar metering devices. In a downstream, closed system, an intensive and uniform distribution of the binder in the nonwoven material must be ensured by swirling. The fiber material, which now contains binder, is then brought back under suction onto the cross-section of the fiber web into a gap formed between suction rolls and laid down again to form the nonwoven.
Die Härtung der Bindemittel und damit die endgültige Verfestigung der Faservliese zum Vliesstoff kann ebenfalls nach verschiedenen Techniken vorgenommen werden. Vorzugsweise wird das Vlies kontinuierlich zwischen zwei Drahtgewebe-Bändern durch einen langen Härtungskanal gefahren, in dem mittels Heißluft von 160 bis 220 °C, die durch das Vlies gesaugt bzw. geblasen wird, die Aushärtung erfolgt.
Dieses Verfahren liefert bahn- und plattenförmige Vliesstoffe.The hardening of the binders and thus the final consolidation of the nonwovens to form the nonwoven can also be carried out using various techniques. The nonwoven is preferably passed continuously between two wire mesh belts through a long hardening channel in which the curing takes place by means of hot air at 160 to 220 ° C. which is sucked or blown through the nonwoven.
This process provides web and plate-shaped nonwovens.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Verfestigung der Faservliese besteht in der Aushärtung der Bindemittel durch Heißverpressung, die insbesondere zu Herstellung von stärker verdichteten Platten und Formteilen angewendet wird. Dazu wird das Vlies im Härtungskanal bei wesentlich niedrigeren Temperaturen nur vorgetrocknet und vorgehärtet und das Material anschließend in Heißpressen entsprechend verformt.Another way of strengthening the nonwovens is to harden the binders by hot pressing, which is particularly useful for the production of more compacted plates and molded parts is applied. For this purpose, the fleece is only pre-dried and pre-hardened in the hardening channel at substantially lower temperatures and the material is subsequently shaped accordingly in hot presses.
Die so erhaltenen Textilvliesstoffe haben die unangenehme Eigenschaft, daß sie gelegentlich, vor allem nach Einwirkung erhöhter Temperaturen (30 bis 60 °C) und Feuchtigkeit, einen störenden Amingeruch verbreiten, der vom Härtungsmittel (Hexamethylentetramin) bzw. dessen aminischen Zersetzungsprodukten herrührt.The textile nonwovens obtained in this way have the unpleasant property that they occasionally, especially after exposure to elevated temperatures (30 to 60 ° C.) and moisture, spread a perturbing amine odor which results from the curing agent (hexamethylenetetramine) or its amine decomposition products.
Gemäß EP-A-76 429 wird dieses Problem dadurch gelöst, daß vor der Hitzebehandlung auf die Oberfläche des Vlieses eine bei Hitze Ammoniak abspaltende Substanz, insbesondere Harnstoff, aufgebracht wird. Abgesehen von dem zusätzlichen Arbeitsgang des Aufbringens des Harnstoffs ist dieses Verfahren in seiner Wirkung äußerst begrenzt.According to EP-A-76 429, this problem is solved in that a substance which releases ammonia under heat, in particular urea, is applied to the surface of the nonwoven before the heat treatment. Apart from the additional step of applying the urea, this method is extremely limited in its effect.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung phenolharzgebundener Vliesstoffe bereitzustellen, bei dem hochwertige Produkte entstehen, die bei Gebrauch keinen vom Bindemittel herrührenden Amingeruch oder keine anderen störenden Geruchsmerkmale aufweisen.It is the object of the present invention to provide a simple method for producing phenolic resin-bonded nonwovens, in which high-quality products are produced which, in use, do not have any amine odor derived from the binder or have any other undesirable odor characteristics.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch ein Verfahren gemäß der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.The problem is solved by a method according to claims 1 to 8.
Es wurde gefunden, daß auch bei längerer Feuchtigkeitseinwirkung die Bildung von geruchsbelästigenden Aminoverbindungen in phenolharzgebundenen Textilvliesstoffen unterbleibt, wenn diese Textilvliesstoffe mittels eines Bindemittels hergestellt werden, das aus einem pulverförmigen Gemisch aus einem nicht wärmereaktiven Phenolharz, einem oder mehreren wärmereaktiven Kondensationsprodukten aus der Gruppe der Phenol-, Amino- oder Epoxidharze und gegebenenfalls einem Härtungsbeschleuniger besteht.It has been found that even with prolonged exposure to moisture, the formation of odor-damaging amino compounds in phenolic resin-bonded textile nonwovens does not occur if these textile nonwovens are produced by means of a binder which consists of a powdery mixture of a non-heat-reactive phenolic resin, one or more heat-reactive condensation products from the group of phenolic , Amino or epoxy resins and optionally a curing accelerator.
Andererseits haben die so hergestellten Textil-Vliesstoffe ein ausreichendes Festigkeitsniveau und ein thermisches Verhalten, wie sie von den bislang üblichen mit Novolak und Hexamethylentetramin gebundenen Vliesstoffen bekannt und geschätzt sind. Dies ist insofern überraschend, als man bisher davon ausgegangen ist, daß man zur Erzielung eines ausreichenden Festigkeitsniveaus größere Mengen von Hexamethylentetramin als Härter für Novolake benötigt.On the other hand, the textile nonwovens produced in this way have a sufficient level of strength and thermal behavior as are known and appreciated from the nonwovens bonded with novolak and hexamethylenetetramine to date. This is surprising insofar as it has hitherto been assumed that larger amounts of hexamethylenetetramine are required as hardeners for novolaks in order to achieve a sufficient level of strength.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Bindemittel sind ein Gemisch aus zumindest zwei pulverförmigen Harzen, einem nicht wärmereaktiven Phenolharz und einem wärmereaktiven Harz. Das nicht wärmereaktive Harz ist ein im sauren Medium kondensiertes Phenolharz der allgemeinen Formel
Ausgangsprodukte sind Phenol, Kresole, Xylenole oder längerkettige Alkylphenole, die mit Formaldehyd oder einer unter Kondensationsbedingungen Formaldehyd abspaltenden Verbindung im sauren Medium kondensiert werden, wobei das Phenol/Formaldehydverhältnis im Bereich von 1,06 bis 1,09 liegt.The binders used according to the invention are a mixture of at least two powdered resins, a non-heat-reactive phenolic resin and a heat-reactive resin. The non-heat-reactive resin is a phenolic resin of the general formula condensed in an acid medium
The starting products are phenol, cresols, xylenols or longer-chain alkylphenols, which are condensed in an acidic medium with formaldehyde or a compound which releases formaldehyde under condensation conditions, the phenol / formaldehyde ratio being in the range from 1.06 to 1.09.
Die wärmereaktiven Harze, die einzeln oder kombiniert eingesetzt werden können, können drei verschiedenen Gruppen entstammen: den Phenol-, Amino- und den Epoxidharzen.
Das nicht wärmereaktive Phenolharz wird mit einem oder mehreren dieser wärmereaktiven Kondensationsprodukte im Gewichtsverhältnis von 30 : 70 bis 90 : 10 vermischt und diese Mischung als Bindemittel eingesetzt.The heat-reactive resins, which can be used individually or in combination, can come from three different groups: the phenolic, amino and epoxy resins.
The non-heat-reactive phenolic resin is mixed with one or more of these heat-reactive condensation products in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 90:10 and this mixture is used as a binder.
Wärmereaktive Phenolharze sind Reaktionsprodukte aus der alkalischen Kondensation einer phenolischen Komponente mit Formaldehyd oder einer unter Kondensationsbedingung Formaldehyd abspaltenden Verbindung. Als phenolische Komponente können ein- oder mehrkernige Phenole oder Gemische der genannten Verbindungsklassen eingesetzt werden, und zwar sowohl ein- als auch mehrkernige Phenole.Heat-reactive phenolic resins are reaction products from the alkaline condensation of a phenolic component with formaldehyde or a compound that releases formaldehyde under the condensation condition. Mono- or polynuclear phenols or mixtures of the aforementioned can be used as the phenolic component Classes of compounds are used, both mononuclear and polynuclear phenols.
Beispiele hierfür sind das Phenol selbst, sowie dessen alkyl-substituierte Homologe, wie o-, m- oder p-Kresol, Xylole oder höher alkylierte Phenole, außerdem halogensubstituierte Phenole wie Chlor- oder Bromphenol und mehrwertige Phenole wie Resorcin oder Brenzkatechin, sowie mehrkernige Phenole wie Naphthole, Bisphenol A oder Bisphenol F.Examples of this are the phenol itself, and its alkyl-substituted homologs, such as o-, m- or p-cresol, xylenes or higher alkylated phenols, also halogen-substituted phenols such as chloro- or bromophenol and polyhydric phenols such as resorcinol or pyrocatechol, and multinuclear phenols such as naphthols, bisphenol A or bisphenol F.
Die phenolischen Komponenten und Formaldehyd werden bevorzugt im molaren Verhältnis 1 : 1,0 bis 1 : 4,0 eingesetzt.The phenolic components and formaldehyde are preferably used in a molar ratio of 1: 1.0 to 1: 4.0.
Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Phenolharze, die wärmereaktiven sowie die nicht wärmereaktiven, müssen einen Gehalt an freiem Phenol von weniger als 1 % haben, und sie müssen in pulverförmiger Form vorliegen.The phenolic resins to be used according to the invention, the heat-reactive and the non-heat-reactive, must have a free phenol content of less than 1%, and they must be in powder form.
Als wärmereaktive Aminoharze sind sowohl Melamin- als auch Benzoguanamin- oder Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukte sowie deren Mischkondensate einzusetzen.
Sie können alleine, bevorzugt aber mit im Gemisch (in beliebigem Mischungsverhältnis) mit den Phenolresolen, als wärmereaktive Bindemittelkomponente verwendet werden.
Als Epoxidharze können alle handelsüblichen festen Epoxidharze auf der Basis von Bisphenol A und Bisphenol F eingesetzt werden.Both melamine and benzoguanamine or urea-formaldehyde condensation products and their mixed condensates are to be used as heat-reactive amino resins.
They can be used alone, but preferably in a mixture (in any mixing ratio) with the phenolic resoles, as the heat-reactive binder component.
All commercially available solid epoxy resins based on bisphenol A and bisphenol F can be used as epoxy resins.
Alle verwendeten Harze werden trocken und pulverförmig eingesetzt. Die verschiedenen Harzkomponenten werden als Pulver miteinander gemischt.All resins used are used dry and in powder form. The various resin components are mixed together as a powder.
Den so erhaltenen Bindemittelgemischen, insbesondere solchen, die als wärmereaktive Komponente Epoxidharz enthalten, können 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-% eines Härtungsbeschleunigers, wie z. B. Dicyandiamid oder Imidazolderivate, zugegeben werden.The binder mixtures thus obtained, in particular those containing epoxy resin as the heat-reactive component, 0.1 to 2 wt .-% of a curing accelerator, such as. As dicyandiamide or imidazole derivatives, are added.
Es ist weiterhin möglich, den Bindemitteln 0,1 bis 1 Gew.-% eines Geruchsmarkierungsmittels zuzugeben. Insbesondere garantieren die handelsüblichen Dauerduftstoffdepots eine über längere Zeit gleichbleibende Duftnote des fertiggestellten Textilvliesstoffes.It is also possible to add 0.1 to 1% by weight of an odor marking agent to the binders. In particular, the commercially available permanent fragrance depots guarantee a constant fragrance note of the finished textile nonwoven fabric over a longer period of time.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Bindemittel werden mit üblichen Verfahren in das Fasergut eingearbeitet. Das Verhältnis von Bindemittel zu Fasergut variiert je nach Anwendungszweck zwischen 10 bis 40 zu 90 bis 60; vorzugsweise liegt der Harzgehalt im Rahmen von 20 bis 40 %. Die Harzbindung im Vlies besteht im wesentlichen in punktförmigen Verknüpfungen der Fasern an ihren Kreuzungsstellen.The binders according to the invention are incorporated into the fiber material using customary methods. The ratio of binder to fiber material varies depending on the application between 10 to 40 to 90 to 60; the resin content is preferably in the range from 20 to 40%. The resin bond in the fleece consists essentially in point-like connections of the fibers at their crossing points.
Diese werden erreicht durch ein Aufschmelzen des Harzes während des Herstellungsprozesses des Vliesstoffes. Um eine optimale Verknüpfung zu erzielen, ist es angebracht, daß die einzelnen Bindemittelkomponenten im gleichen Temperaturbereich schmelzen. Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn das nicht wärmereaktive Phenolharz und das wärmereaktive Kondensationsprodukt im Temperaturbereich von 60 bis 100 °C schmelzen.These are achieved by melting the resin during the manufacturing process of the nonwoven. In order to achieve an optimal connection, it is appropriate that the individual binder components melt in the same temperature range. It is advantageous if the non-heat reactive phenolic resin and melt the heat-reactive condensation product in the temperature range from 60 to 100 ° C.
Die nachstehenden Beispiele sollen die Erfindung näher erläutern.The following examples are intended to explain the invention in more detail.
Als Phenolnovolak wurde ein Phenol-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukt mit einem Phenol-Formaldehyd-Verhältnis von 1 : 0,77 verwendet, das unter den üblichen technischen Bedingungen hergestellt wurde und einen Schmelzpunkt nach DIN 53181 (Kapillarmethode) von 90 bis 95 °C sowie einen Gehalt an freiem Phenol nach DIN 16916-02-L2 von ca. 0,3 % aufwies.As phenol novolak, a phenol-formaldehyde condensation product with a phenol-formaldehyde ratio of 1: 0.77 was used, which was produced under the usual technical conditions and a melting point according to DIN 53181 (capillary method) from 90 to 95 ° C and a content of free phenol according to DIN 16916-02-L2 of approx. 0.3%.
Als Phenolresol wurde ein wasserfreies alkalisch kondensiertes Phenol-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukt mit einem Phenol-Formaldehyd-Verhältnis von 1 : 2,0 und einem Schmelzpunkt von ca. 98 °C (Sinterpunkt) sowie einem Gehalt an freiem Phenol von ca. 1,5 % verwendet.An anhydrous alkaline condensed phenol-formaldehyde condensation product with a phenol-formaldehyde ratio of 1: 2.0 and a melting point of approx. 98 ° C. (sintering point) and a free phenol content of approx. 1.5% was used as the phenol resol. used.
Das verwendete Melaminharz ist ein Melamin-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukt mit einem Melamin-Formaldehyd-Verhältnis von 1 : 2,5 und einem Schmelzpunkt von 69 - 72 °C.The melamine resin used is a melamine-formaldehyde condensation product with a melamine-formaldehyde ratio of 1: 2.5 and a melting point of 69 - 72 ° C.
Die verwendeten Epoxidharze sind handelsübliche Produkte (z. B. Rütapox 0194 oder Epikote 1004) auf Basis von Bisphenol A mit einem Epoxidäquivalent von 900 bis 1000 g/Äquivalent.The epoxy resins used are commercially available products (e.g. Rütapox 0194 or Epikote 1004) based on bisphenol A with an epoxy equivalent of 900 to 1000 g / equivalent.
Als Beschleuniger wurde 2-Phenylimidazol verwendet.2-phenylimidazole was used as accelerator.
Als Geruchsmaskierungsmittel diente ein Polymerpulver (Polypropylen), das mit einem Blumenöl (60 %) ausgestattet war.A polymer powder (polypropylene) with a flower oil (60%) was used as an odor masking agent.
Die Biegefestigkeit wurde aus Gründen der besseren Reproduzierbarkeit an Sandkörpern (140 × 20 × 15 mm) gemessen, die durch Heißverpressen (2 min bei 170 °C) eines Gemisches aus 90 Gew.-T. Quarzsand und 10 Gew.-T. Pulverharz hergestellt wurden (Einwaage pro Stab: ca. 75 g).For reasons of better reproducibility, the flexural strength was measured on sand bodies (140 × 20 × 15 mm), which were obtained by hot pressing (2 min at 170 ° C.) a mixture of 90 parts by weight. Quartz sand and 10 parts by weight Powder resin were produced (weight per rod: approx. 75 g).
Die Geruchsnote (1 = kein Geruch; 2 = nicht störend; 3 = störend; 4 = äußerst störend) ist als relative Beurteilung festgelegt und wird nach dem folgenden Verfahren bestimmt.The smell rating (1 = no smell; 2 = not disturbing; 3 = disturbing; 4 = extremely disturbing) is determined as a relative assessment and is determined according to the following procedure.
Ein mit 30 % Pulverharz hergestellter Vliesstoff auf Basis Textilfasergemisch wird bei 180 °C zu ca. 10 mm starken, quadratischen Platten (Abmessung 250 × 250 mm) verpreßt. Aus den Platten werden je 3 Prüfkörper (90 × 200 mm) ausgestanzt und jeweils gemeinsam in verschlossenen 3-Liter-Glasgefäßen, in denen sich 30 ml Wasser befindet, 16 Stunden bei 40 °C gelagert und danach die Gefäße geöffnet und von einem Geruchsteam beurteilt.A nonwoven fabric made with 30% powder resin on the basis of a textile fiber mixture is pressed at 180 ° C. to form approximately 10 mm thick, square plates (dimensions 250 × 250 mm). 3 test specimens (90 × 200 mm) are punched out of each of the plates and stored together in sealed 3-liter glass vessels containing 30 ml of water for 16 hours at 40 ° C and then the vessels are opened and assessed by an odor team .
Separat zu der Einstufung nach Geruchsnote wird beurteilt, ob Amingeruch (fischartig) festgestellt wird oder nicht.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863625443 DE3625443A1 (en) | 1986-07-28 | 1986-07-28 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS |
| DE3625443 | 1986-07-28 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0254807A2 true EP0254807A2 (en) | 1988-02-03 |
| EP0254807A3 EP0254807A3 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| EP0254807B1 EP0254807B1 (en) | 1992-10-21 |
Family
ID=6306115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87105254A Expired - Lifetime EP0254807B1 (en) | 1986-07-28 | 1987-04-09 | Method for the production of non-woven fabrics |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4745024A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0254807B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3625443A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2000999T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5130072A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-07-14 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of a molded body comprising pressed particles and a phenolic resin |
| EP0867549A1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-09-30 | Bakelite AG | Fibre containing moulding with thermosetting binder and method of production |
| WO2002072698A1 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | Bakelite Ag | Binding agent mixture and the use thereof |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3901152A1 (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1990-07-19 | Hoechst Ag | FLAME RESISTANT CARRIER RAIL FOR BITUMEN RAILWAYS AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| DE4241513A1 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1994-06-16 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Binder mixture |
| US6569918B2 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2003-05-27 | Plastics Engineering Company | Polymer composition for curing novolac resins |
| US20070220674A1 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Richard Haskins | Antibacterial-based system and method for prevention of separation anxiety |
| US7763316B2 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2010-07-27 | Fairmount Minerals, Inc. | No hexa shell sand |
| US20070270524A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Kerns Kelley J | Composition of matter and method of application for elimination of odors in shell sand encapsulation |
| EP3137666A4 (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2017-12-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven fibrous structures including phenolic resin and ionic reinforcement material, and methods |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3207652A (en) * | 1960-12-29 | 1965-09-21 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Phenolic compositions |
| GB1168778A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1969-10-29 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Structural Foamed Products and Method for Production Thereof. |
| DE2426329A1 (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1974-12-12 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | POWDERED SIZING AGENT |
| GB1397665A (en) * | 1973-02-10 | 1975-06-18 | Evans Adlard Co Ltd | Production of fibrous webs |
| EP0076429A2 (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1983-04-13 | Johann Borgers GmbH. & Co. KG | Method for the production of phenolic resin bonded non-wovens, especially moulded parts". |
| US4424300A (en) * | 1981-12-07 | 1984-01-03 | Borden, Inc. | Powdered phenol-formaldehyde resin |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3273070D1 (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1986-10-09 | Kanebo Ltd | Granular or powdery phenol-aldehyde resin and process for production thereof |
| DE3431633A1 (en) * | 1984-08-29 | 1986-03-13 | Goetze Ag, 5093 Burscheid | IMPREGNATED FABRIC GASKET, IN PARTICULAR CYLINDER HEAD GASKET FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES, AND THEIR PRODUCTION PROCESS |
| US4578425A (en) * | 1985-02-13 | 1986-03-25 | Schenectady Chemicals, Inc. | Phenolic resins, carboxylic resins and the elastomers containing adhesive |
-
1986
- 1986-07-28 DE DE19863625443 patent/DE3625443A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-04-09 EP EP87105254A patent/EP0254807B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-09 ES ES198787105254T patent/ES2000999T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-09 DE DE8787105254T patent/DE3782286D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-20 US US07/075,111 patent/US4745024A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3207652A (en) * | 1960-12-29 | 1965-09-21 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Phenolic compositions |
| GB1168778A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1969-10-29 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Structural Foamed Products and Method for Production Thereof. |
| GB1397665A (en) * | 1973-02-10 | 1975-06-18 | Evans Adlard Co Ltd | Production of fibrous webs |
| DE2426329A1 (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1974-12-12 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | POWDERED SIZING AGENT |
| EP0076429A2 (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1983-04-13 | Johann Borgers GmbH. & Co. KG | Method for the production of phenolic resin bonded non-wovens, especially moulded parts". |
| US4424300A (en) * | 1981-12-07 | 1984-01-03 | Borden, Inc. | Powdered phenol-formaldehyde resin |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5130072A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-07-14 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of a molded body comprising pressed particles and a phenolic resin |
| EP0867549A1 (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-09-30 | Bakelite AG | Fibre containing moulding with thermosetting binder and method of production |
| WO2002072698A1 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | Bakelite Ag | Binding agent mixture and the use thereof |
| CZ297776B6 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2007-03-28 | Bakelite Ag | Binding agent mixture and use thereof |
| KR100898841B1 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2009-05-21 | 헥시온 스페셜티 케미컬스 게엠베하 | Binding agent mixture and the use thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3782286D1 (en) | 1992-11-26 |
| DE3625443A1 (en) | 1988-02-11 |
| EP0254807B1 (en) | 1992-10-21 |
| US4745024A (en) | 1988-05-17 |
| ES2000999A4 (en) | 1988-04-16 |
| EP0254807A3 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| ES2000999T3 (en) | 1993-05-16 |
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