EP0250319B1 - Dampferzeuger mit verbesserten Trocknungsmitteln - Google Patents

Dampferzeuger mit verbesserten Trocknungsmitteln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250319B1
EP0250319B1 EP19870401361 EP87401361A EP0250319B1 EP 0250319 B1 EP0250319 B1 EP 0250319B1 EP 19870401361 EP19870401361 EP 19870401361 EP 87401361 A EP87401361 A EP 87401361A EP 0250319 B1 EP0250319 B1 EP 0250319B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elementary
dryers
steam
layers
dryer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19870401361
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0250319A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Claude Fenet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0250319A1 publication Critical patent/EP0250319A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/28—Steam-separating arrangements involving reversal of direction of flow
    • F22B37/286—Steam-separating arrangements involving reversal of direction of flow specially adapted for steam generators of nuclear power plants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steam generator equipped with drying means of a new type, with increased efficiency.
  • the steam used to drive the turbines of the electric generator is created in a steam generator.
  • steam generator designates here any component in which water penetrating in the liquid state emerges in the vapor state under the effect of its heating.
  • a component can therefore be a heat exchanger in which a primary fluid, heated for example in the core of a nuclear reactor, in turn heats the water in the secondary circuit. It can also be the main tank of a boiling water nuclear reactor, in which the water heats up directly by passing through the reactor core.
  • the separators are constituted by juxtaposed vertical tubes, in which are placed helical fins centrifuging the water-vapor mixture, and allowing thus to separate most of the water entrained by the vapor.
  • the steam always charged with humidity leaving through the upper end of the tubes passes through then the drying device, consisting of chicane passages formed between lamellae in the form of rafters.
  • the shape of the baffles is such that a part of the water droplets entrained by the vapor is separated from the latter and descends towards the steam production zone.
  • the poor efficiency of this drying device is mainly explained by the fact that the separation of the water droplets is obtained by circulating the steam horizontally inside the baffles.
  • the force of inertia due to the change in curvature and the force of gravity, which act simultaneously on each water droplet are therefore directed in two different directions, approximately perpendicular.
  • the modulus of the resultant of these two forces, which determines the separating power of the device is therefore much lower than the sum of the modules of these two forces, which corresponds to the maximum theoretical separating power.
  • the water droplets are not immediately withdrawn from the action of the surrounding vapor, so that part of them can be again entrained by the vapor.
  • the effectiveness of the device is also limited by this phenomenon.
  • drying means intended for a steam generator, consisting of elementary dryers arranged in several layers superposed according to a regular network offset from one layer to another.
  • Each elementary dryer is formed by two curved plates forming an upper part flared upwards and a central part separated by a clearance from the edges of the upper parts of the adjacent elementary dryers of the immediately lower layer. Drainage channels are placed below the dryer layers.
  • the invention specifically relates to a steam generator equipped with improved dryers in which the separation of the water droplets is obtained by subjecting the steam to successive changes of direction at 180 ° and by circulating the steam from bottom to top , so that the force of gravity acting on each water droplet is added to the force of inertia due to the change of direction, to give the separation maximum efficiency.
  • the invention also relates to a steam generator, the dryers of which are designed so as to immediately remove the water droplets from the action of steam.
  • the drying means comprise juxtaposed interchangeable baskets, each containing several layers of elementary dryers.
  • the interchangeable baskets then have a horizontal hexagonal section.
  • the separation means comprising in known manner helical fins arranged in vertical tubes, the interchangeable baskets also contain elementary drainage channels and extend downward so as to surround and support the upper end of one of the tubes, delimiting therewith an annular space for the return of water, into which the elementary drainage channels open.
  • This steam generator is intended in particular to be used for ensuring the exchange of heat between a primary fluid previously heated in a nuclear reactor and a secondary fluid consisting of water.
  • the invention is not limited to this type of steam generator and also covers the case where the primary fluid is removed, the heat source constituted for example by the core of a reactor with boiling water being placed directly inside the outer casing of the steam generator, which then constitutes the main tank of the reactor.
  • the steam generator shown in Figure 1 conventionally comprises an outer casing 10 having a symmetry of revolution about a vertical axis.
  • a bundle of inverted U-shaped tubes 12 In the lower part of the enclosed volume delimited by the envelope 10 is housed a bundle of inverted U-shaped tubes 12, the ends of which are fixed in a sealed manner on a horizontal tube plate 14, itself fixed in a sealed manner to the envelope 10 near the hemispherical bottom 10a thereof.
  • the ends of the tubes 12 open respectively into an inlet chamber 16 and into an outlet chamber 18 of primary fluid, these two chambers being formed between the tube plate 14 and the hemispherical bottom 10a, and separated by a partition 20.
  • the entry of the primary fluid into the chamber 16 and the exit of this fluid from the chamber 18 are done respectively by an inlet pipe 22 and by an outlet pipe 24 formed in the bottom 10a of the envelope.
  • Tubing 22 and 24 are designed to be connected to an external circuit in which there is for example a tank containing the core of a nuclear reactor.
  • the relatively hot primary fluid entering the chamber 16 circulates in the bundle of tubes 12 before being evacuated by the outlet chamber 18.
  • the bundle of tubes 12 therefore constitutes inside the outer envelope 10 a source of heat used to vaporize the water in the secondary circuit.
  • the admission of the water from the secondary circuit in the liquid state to the inside of the envelope 10 of the steam generator is done by an inlet pipe 26 located immediately above the tube plate 14.
  • L water in the liquid state penetrating through the tubing 26 travels from bottom to top around the tubes 12, taking part of the heat of the water conveyed by the primary fluid circulating in these tubes.
  • the bundle of tubes 12 thus constitutes a zone for producing steam.
  • the vapor thus formed then circulates successively from bottom to top in a separating device 28, then in a drying device 30, before escaping at the upper end of the casing 10 by a steam outlet pipe 32.
  • a water / steam circuit comprising in particular a turbo-alternator assembly producing the desired electrical energy.
  • the bundle of tubes 12 is housed in a cylindrical inner envelope 34 defining with the outer envelope 10 an annular space 36.
  • the separator device 28 comprises vertical tubes 38 connected directly to the upper part of the inner envelope 34. Inside the tubes 38, part of the water droplets is separated from the vapor by helical fins . The water thus separated from the steam returns directly to the steam production zone delimited by the inner envelope 34.
  • the drying device 30 mainly comprises several horizontal layers of elementary dryers 40, the elemental dryers of each layer being arranged in a regular network, preferably with triangular or square meshes.
  • the elementary dryers are offset so that the dryers of a given layer are vertical to the center of the mesh of the dryers of the two immediately adjacent layers.
  • the elementary dryers of the successive layers are nested one inside the other, as clearly shown in FIG. 2.
  • each of the elementary dryers 40 has approximately the shape of a funnel with a vertical axis.
  • each elementary dryer 40 comprises an upper portion 40a approximately frustoconical, an outer peripheral edge 40b facing downwards and a central portion 40c approximately tubular.
  • the upper part 40a very flared, drains on its upper face the water droplets towards the central part 40c, which borders it internally.
  • the lower face of the part 40a extended externally by the edge 40b, forces the current of steam rising in the steam generator to effect a change of direction at 180 °.
  • the length of the central tubular part 40c of each elementary separator 40 is such that its lower end penetrates into the upper end of the corresponding part 40c of the elementary dryer 40 with which it is vertically aligned, two layers below. To this end, the diameter of the part 40c gradually decreases downward, so as to leave a clearance between the lower end of the part. 40c of a given elementary dryer and the upper end of the part 40c of the dryer into which this lower end penetrates.
  • This game makes it possible to drain the drops of water collected by the parts 40c, as illustrated by the arrows F1 in FIG. 2.
  • each of the elemental dryers 40 and the size of the meshes according to which these dryers are arranged in each of the layers are such that there is also a certain clearance between the tubular part 40c of each elementary dryer and the peripheral edge. outside 40b of the elementary dryers of the immediately lower layer.
  • the length of the outer peripheral edge 40b of the elementary dryers is such that there is also a clearance between the lower end of these edges and the parts 40a of the elementary dryers of the layer of dryers situated immediately below.
  • this result is obtained by simply resting by gravity the elementary dryers of a given layer on the dryers of the adjacent lower layer, by virtue of the approximately frustoconical character of the parts 40a.
  • the water vapor coming from the separator assembly 28 and flowing from bottom to top undergoes a change of direction approximately 180 ° each time it strikes the upper part 40a extended by the edge 40b d 'an elementary dryer.
  • the slightly flared shape of the part 40a deflects the vapor radially outwards relative to the vertical axis of the corresponding elementary dryer, towards the inverted edge 40b. The latter then forces the vapor to descend before resuming its upward path to the elemental dryers of the upper layer.
  • the water droplets separated from the vapor by each of the elementary dryers 40 fall on the upper part 40a of the elementary dryers of the adjacent lower layer by subtracting the separated water droplets steam entrainment.
  • the water separated from the steam is then conveyed by the tubular central parts 40c of the elementary dryers to drainage channels 42 extending horizontally over the entire width of the steam generator (FIG. 1) and into which the lower ends penetrate. tubular parts 40c of the elemental dryers forming the two lower layers of the stack.
  • the drainage channels 42 are fitted with pipes 44 (FIG. 1) making it possible to convey the water thus drained to above the annular space 36 delimited between the envelopes 34 and 10.
  • the separated water steam thus descends to the lower part of the steam generator to be mixed with the feed water entering through the pipe 26.
  • each of the drainage channels 42 is inclined radially towards the outside of the exchanger to facilitate the flow of water to the pipes 44 forming the return passages. water to the steam generator area.
  • the drying assembly 30 can consist of interchangeable modular baskets 46 in each of which is housed a certain number of elementary dryers 40.
  • the baskets 46 preferably have a hexagonal shape in horizontal section.
  • the drainage channels 42 remain fixedly mounted inside the casing 10 of the generator.
  • each of the interchangeable modular baskets comprises both a stack of several layers of elementary dryers 40, a set of elementary drainage channels 42 and a tube 38 of the separator device 28.
  • the dryers 40 are here again housed in a basket 46 having a horizontal hexagonal section, this basket extending downward so that there are housed drainage channels 42 of reduced length ( Figure 5) , as well as the upper end of one of the tubes 38.
  • the diameter of the tube 38 is such that it fits entirely inside the lower part of the basket 46, delimiting therewith an annular space 44a in which the ends of the drainage channels 42 open out through holes 42a.
  • This annular space 44a then constitutes the return passage of the water towards the steam production zone and thus replaces the pipes 44 of FIG. 1.
  • each of the tubes 38 is fixed to the corresponding basket 46, so that the removal of the latter makes it possible to maintain the dryers and the corresponding separator.
  • the particular shape of the elementary dryers 40 described above should not be considered as limiting, the only double condition that must meet these dryers being to ensure a return to about 180 ° of the ascending steam flow as well as a return of the water separated from the steam in the drainage channels 42.
  • the upper part 40a of the elementary dryers can have a circular arc section allowing the tubular part 40c to be connected to the peripheral edge 40b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Dampferzeuger mit einer äußeren Hülle (10), die, von unten aus­gehend, einen mit Wasser gefüllten Dampferzeugungsbereich (12) um­schließt, und Vorrichtungen (28) zum Trocknen des Dampfes, bei dem:
- die Vorrichtungen (30) zum Trocknen des Dampfes mehrere, über­einander angeordnete, horizontale Elementartrocknerschichten (40) umfas­sen, die nach einem regelmäßigen Netzwerk mit vorgegebener Maschen­weite angeordnet sind, wobei dieses Netzwerk von einer Schicht zur an­deren identisch und derart versetzt ist, daß die Elementartrockner jeder der Schichten in der Vertikalen der Mitte der Maschen aneinandergren­zender Schichten angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Elementartrockner (40) einen oberen Teil besitzt, der sich von unten nach oben erweitert und sich innen nach unten durch einen zentralen Teil verlängert;
- ein Spielraum zwischen dem zentralen Teil jedes Elementartrock­ners (40) und dem Rand des oberen Teils der Elementartrockner der un­mittel bar darunter liegenden Schicht angebracht ist;
- die Trockenvorrichtungen (30) außerdem Kanäle (42) zum Ableiten von Wasser umfassen, die sich unter den Trocknerschichten (40) befinden und in Wasserrücklaufgänge münden, die zum Dampferzeugungsbereich hinabsteigen;
gekennzeichnet durch die Tatsache, daß jeder Elementertrockner ungefähr eine Tonnenform mit vertikaler Achse besitzt und einen oberen, im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmigen Teil (40a) umfaßt, der nach außen durch einen peripheren, äußeren Rand (40b) begrenzt ist, der nach unten gebo­gen und innen durch einen zentralen, röhrenförmigen Teil (40c) nach unten verlängert wird, wobei die röhrenförmigen, zentralen Teile (40c) der Elementartrockner der beiden untersten Schichten alle in einen der Ableitungskanäle (42) eintauchen; und durch die Tatsache, daß die Elementartrockner (40) der aufein­ander folgenden Schichten so ineinander gesteckt sind, daß das untere Ende des zentralen Bereichs jedes Elementartrockners in das obere Ende des entsprechenden Bereichs des Elementartrockners zwei Schichten tie­fer, zu dem er ausgerichtet ist, eindringt.
2. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trockenvorrichtungen (30) auswechselbare, aneinander stoßende Körbe (46) besitzen, die jeweils mehrere Schichten von Elementartrocknern (40) enthalten.
3. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auswechselbaren Körbe (46) einen horizontalen hexagonalen Quer­schnitt besitzen.
4. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennvorrichtungen schraubenförmige Flügel (29) besitzt, die In ver­tikalen Röhren (38) angeordnet sind, und die auswechselbaren Körbe (46) ebenfalls elementare Ableitungskanäle (42) enthalten und sich derart nach unten fortsetzen, daß sie das obere Ende einer der Röhren (38) umgeben und stützen, indem sie mit dieser einen ringförmigen Wasserrücklaufraum (44) bilden, in den die elementare Ableitungskanäle münden.
EP19870401361 1986-06-18 1987-06-17 Dampferzeuger mit verbesserten Trocknungsmitteln Expired - Lifetime EP0250319B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8608804A FR2600403B1 (fr) 1986-06-18 1986-06-18 Generateur de vapeur a moyens de sechage perfectionnes
FR8608804 1986-06-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0250319A1 EP0250319A1 (de) 1987-12-23
EP0250319B1 true EP0250319B1 (de) 1991-02-20

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EP19870401361 Expired - Lifetime EP0250319B1 (de) 1986-06-18 1987-06-17 Dampferzeuger mit verbesserten Trocknungsmitteln

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EP (1) EP0250319B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3768054D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2600403B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN112054416B (zh) * 2020-09-03 2022-03-01 福建腾力电力发展有限公司 正压空间开关柜

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2004498A1 (de) * 1970-01-31 1971-08-05 Licentia Gmbh Abscheider
FR2507742A1 (fr) * 1981-06-16 1982-12-17 Commissariat Energie Atomique Generateur de vapeur muni d'un dispositif de purge dynamique

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EP0250319A1 (de) 1987-12-23
DE3768054D1 (de) 1991-03-28
FR2600403A1 (fr) 1987-12-24
FR2600403B1 (fr) 1988-08-26

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