EP0249467A1 - Système de refroidissement par évaporation - Google Patents

Système de refroidissement par évaporation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0249467A1
EP0249467A1 EP87305154A EP87305154A EP0249467A1 EP 0249467 A1 EP0249467 A1 EP 0249467A1 EP 87305154 A EP87305154 A EP 87305154A EP 87305154 A EP87305154 A EP 87305154A EP 0249467 A1 EP0249467 A1 EP 0249467A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
pressure
evaporator
condenser
vapour
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87305154A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Arthur Kew
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British Telecommunications PLC
Original Assignee
British Telecommunications PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Telecommunications PLC filed Critical British Telecommunications PLC
Publication of EP0249467A1 publication Critical patent/EP0249467A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/006—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect boiling cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to evaporative cooling systems, of the closed circuit kind, in which a liquid coolant is evaporated in a heat exchanger, and condensed in a condenser remote from the heat exchanger.
  • the invention has particular application to heat exchangers for the cooling of buildings, such as buildings containing automatic telephone equipment, although the invention finds application also in other circulatory heating or cooling systms, for example dry cooling towers.
  • cooling systems are required which function only when the ambient temperature is above a particular level, or when the temperature of that which is to be cooled rises above a particular level.
  • a pressure-sensitive valve for increasing or restricting the flow of coolant, in response to the pressure of coolant in the system.
  • a closed evaporative heating or cooling system comprises an evaporator, for example a heat exchanger in a building cooling system for extracting heat from a first location, and causing evaporation of a liquid coolant in the evaporator, a condenser remote from the evaporator, for condensing coolant vapour to liquid form, means, for example a first conduit, for returning liquid coolant from the condenser to the evaporator, characterised in that the system comprises a pressure-sensitive valve for sensing the pressure of coolant in the system, and for controlling the flow of coolant through it, and therefore in the system in response to the coolant pressure.
  • the means for passing coolant vapour to the evaporator, and the means for returning liquid coolant to the evaporator may preferably be separate conduits, they may, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, be constituted by the same conduit, with, for example coolant vapour rising up the central part of the conduit and liquid coolant being returned to the evaporator down the walls of the conduit, as in a conventional "heat pipe".
  • the arrangement is preferably such that the pressure-sensitive valve is adapted to open to allow an increased flow of coolant, an increase of coolant pressure.
  • the valve may be arranged to operate such that the temperatures of the heat exchange surfaces in the system do not fall substantially below 0°C, in order to reduce icing.
  • the system may be arranged so as to shut down at other temperatures, for example 20°C.
  • the coolant utilised is preferably one which has a wide variation in vapour pressure, within the range of temperatures likely to be encountered (for example -12 to 40°C, in a typical installation for cooling the interior of a building). It is also desirable that, over this range, the vapour pressure of the coolant should be in excess of one bar, preferably at least 2 bar, so that, in the event of any leak occuring in the system, the result is a detectable loss of refrigerant, rather than an ingress of non-condensible gas. It is further desirable that, at the highest temperature which the system is likely to reach in use, the vapour pressure of the coolant is not excessive, for example does not exceed ten bar.
  • the vapour pressure of the coolant over the temperature range -12 to 40°C is greater than one bar, preferably from two to ten bar. It has been found that dichlorodifluoromethane is particularly suitable for use at temperatures in the range of 0 to 30°C.
  • the pressure of coolant should be a suffciently sensitive indicator of temperature, it is important that the amount of coolant in the system is sufficient that, at the temperature corresponding to the operating pressure of the flow restrictor, liquid coolant is still present in the evaporator. This ensures that the coolant pressure within the system is, in effect, the saturated vapour pressue of the coolant.
  • a cooling system for a building housing automatic telephone equipment includes an evaporator consisting of a heat exchanger 1 within the building, and below the ceiling line 14, and a condenser comprising an external heat exchanger 2.
  • External heat exchanger 2 is mounted above the roof line 3 of the building, and is shaded from direct sunlight by a shading matrix 4, mounted on the roof of the building.
  • a conduit 5 connects internal heat exchanger 1 with external heat exchanger 2 to enable the passage of vapour from internal heat exchanger 1 to external heat exchanger 2.
  • a return conduit 6 is provided to return liquid coolant to internal heat exchanger 1.
  • a pressure-sensitive control valve 7 is provided in the system to control the flow of liquid coolant to internal heat exchanger 1.
  • the system is arranged such that temperature of the automatic telephone equipment controls the cooling system, rather than ambient temperature. For this reason the amount of coolant in the system is such that on shut down (determined by the higher of the ambient and internal temperatures) liquid will migrate to the cooler heat exchanger (generally the external heat exchanger) which will be completely filled with coolant and thus its heat transfer surface will be blanketed by liquid coolant. Excess liquid remains in the evaporator (internal heat exchanger) and it is the temperature of this heat exchanger which determines the vapour pressure and hence start up of the cooling system.
  • the valve 7 operates to permit flow of the liquid coolant when the pressure in the system, represented by the vapour pressure of the coolant, rises above a pre-set level. Thus if, for example, the ambient temperature falls below freezing, such that icing of heat exchange surfaces is likely to arise, control valve 7 closes, to restrict or completely prevent coolant flow.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermosiphon in accordance with the invention, such as might be used for example in a cooling tower.
  • the system of Figure 2 includes evaporator 10, and a condenser 12, and operates generally in the same manner as a conventional heat pipe, except that a pressure-sensitive valve 13 is provided between the evaporator 10 and the condenser 11.
  • the arrows 15 and 16 represent heat into the evaporator 10 and heat out of condenser 11, respectively.
  • the pressure-sensitive valve 13 operates to close progressively the pipe 12 as coolant pressure in the pipe decreases. This restricts both the flow of liquid coolant, and coolant vapour, and limits the heat flow along the pipe.
  • the pressure-sensitive valve 13 has a continuous spectrum of operating conditions from fully open to fully closed, and preferably is capable of adjustment such that the degree to which the valve is open, for any given pressure, may be adjusted. By this means, variable temperature control can be achieved.
  • the pressure-sensitive valve may be provided at any point within the system, because the flow rates in a typical system will be such that pressure is essentially constant throughout.
  • a single pressure-sensitive valve may be provided in a system including several heat exchangers and/or several condensers, by providing a manifold to connect together the said condensers and/or heat exchangers, if desired.
  • a control valve may be provided for each evaporator/condenser pair, so as to allow staged operation with increasing cooling capacity as the need requires, and to facilitate maintenance.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a typical pressure-sensitive valve for use in a system in accordance with the invention.
  • the pressure-sensitive valve includes an inlet 20 and an outlet 21 for coolant, and a diaphragm 22 which co-operates with a seat 23 to check the flow of coolant through the valve.
  • Diaphragm 22 is connected to a helical spring 24 by means of an intermediate member 25.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
EP87305154A 1986-06-11 1987-06-10 Système de refroidissement par évaporation Withdrawn EP0249467A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8614232A GB8614232D0 (en) 1986-06-11 1986-06-11 Evaporative cooling system
GB8614232 1986-06-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0249467A1 true EP0249467A1 (fr) 1987-12-16

Family

ID=10599309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87305154A Withdrawn EP0249467A1 (fr) 1986-06-11 1987-06-10 Système de refroidissement par évaporation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0249467A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63503475A (fr)
AU (1) AU7485787A (fr)
GB (1) GB8614232D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987007706A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011034472A1 (fr) * 2009-09-15 2011-03-24 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Agencement de transfert de chaleur et logement électronique comprenant un agencement de transfert de chaleur
WO2013167135A1 (fr) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-14 Dantherm Air Handling A/S Thermosiphon à conductance variable

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2083611A (en) * 1931-12-05 1937-06-15 Carrier Corp Cooling system
GB669099A (en) * 1949-02-25 1952-03-26 Standard Pressed Steel Co A control valve or metering device
US3226941A (en) * 1963-10-31 1966-01-04 Charles D Snelling Klystron cooling system assembly
US3414050A (en) * 1967-04-11 1968-12-03 Navy Usa Heat pipe control apparatus
US3525670A (en) * 1968-12-17 1970-08-25 Atomic Energy Commission Two-phase fluid control system
AU414159B2 (en) * 1965-11-11 1971-06-17 Christ Balch Joseph Soil refrigerating system
US3614981A (en) * 1969-10-08 1971-10-26 Sanders Associates Inc Dual tube heat pipe and means for control thereof
EP0002305A1 (fr) * 1977-12-02 1979-06-13 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Dispositif de transport de chaleur
GB2040033A (en) * 1979-01-12 1980-08-20 Nippon Electric Co Cooling arrangements
GB1583857A (en) * 1977-06-09 1981-02-04 Nolan Design Ltd J Two phase thermo-syphon apparatus
US4494595A (en) * 1983-11-30 1985-01-22 Schmid Lawrence A Temperature-controllable heat valve

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60213793A (ja) * 1984-04-06 1985-10-26 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd 伝熱装置

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2083611A (en) * 1931-12-05 1937-06-15 Carrier Corp Cooling system
GB669099A (en) * 1949-02-25 1952-03-26 Standard Pressed Steel Co A control valve or metering device
US3226941A (en) * 1963-10-31 1966-01-04 Charles D Snelling Klystron cooling system assembly
AU414159B2 (en) * 1965-11-11 1971-06-17 Christ Balch Joseph Soil refrigerating system
US3414050A (en) * 1967-04-11 1968-12-03 Navy Usa Heat pipe control apparatus
US3525670A (en) * 1968-12-17 1970-08-25 Atomic Energy Commission Two-phase fluid control system
US3614981A (en) * 1969-10-08 1971-10-26 Sanders Associates Inc Dual tube heat pipe and means for control thereof
GB1583857A (en) * 1977-06-09 1981-02-04 Nolan Design Ltd J Two phase thermo-syphon apparatus
EP0002305A1 (fr) * 1977-12-02 1979-06-13 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Dispositif de transport de chaleur
GB2040033A (en) * 1979-01-12 1980-08-20 Nippon Electric Co Cooling arrangements
US4494595A (en) * 1983-11-30 1985-01-22 Schmid Lawrence A Temperature-controllable heat valve

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011034472A1 (fr) * 2009-09-15 2011-03-24 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Agencement de transfert de chaleur et logement électronique comprenant un agencement de transfert de chaleur
CN102510991A (zh) * 2009-09-15 2012-06-20 瑞典爱立信有限公司 热传递设备和包括热传递设备的电子外壳
CN102510991B (zh) * 2009-09-15 2014-12-17 瑞典爱立信有限公司 热传递设备和包括热传递设备的电子外壳
US9258927B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2016-02-09 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Heat transfer arrangement and electronic housing comprising a heat transfer arrangement
WO2013167135A1 (fr) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-14 Dantherm Air Handling A/S Thermosiphon à conductance variable
CN104321609A (zh) * 2012-05-11 2015-01-28 丹麦丹腾制冷股份公司 可变导热虹吸管

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987007706A1 (fr) 1987-12-17
GB8614232D0 (en) 1986-07-16
AU7485787A (en) 1988-01-11
JPS63503475A (ja) 1988-12-15

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Inventor name: KEW, PETER ARTHUR