EP0246255B2 - Thermostatic bimetal switch - Google Patents

Thermostatic bimetal switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0246255B2
EP0246255B2 EP86906334A EP86906334A EP0246255B2 EP 0246255 B2 EP0246255 B2 EP 0246255B2 EP 86906334 A EP86906334 A EP 86906334A EP 86906334 A EP86906334 A EP 86906334A EP 0246255 B2 EP0246255 B2 EP 0246255B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
bimetal
contact spring
hole
thermoswitch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86906334A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0246255B1 (en
EP0246255A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred K. MÜLLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Limitor AG
Original Assignee
Limitor AG
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/002Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01Details
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02Details
    • H01H85/0241Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/0258Structural association of a fuse or a fuse holder with a bimetallic element

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a bimetal temperature switch with those in the preamble of the claim 1 specified characteristics.
  • Such a switch is in DE-29 16 516 A1 described. It is a temperature switch, which on a circuit board as Carrier is arranged. You can do this on the circuit board one or more heating resistors are provided with the help of the thermal switch too can work as a relay or timing relay.
  • the known Switch has the disadvantage that the circuit board tends to result from thermal stress to warp, creating a flawless Function of the thermal switch not guaranteed is, in particular its switching temperature changed can be.
  • a switch with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is also out known from DE 32 31 136 A1.
  • the carrier an injection molded part made of plastic, in which the electrical connection parts are embedded are.
  • a thick film resistor is arranged on the underside of the carrier, which has the shape of a flat, coated ceramic plate. The thick film resistance bridges the switch electrically.
  • a relay in which on a Ceramic plate is a PTC thick film resistor as a heater.
  • a bimetallic contact spring which has one end on the Carrier is attached and carries a movable contact at its other end, who works with a fixed contact, who works with you Ceramic plate connected contact arm is located.
  • the thick film resistance is a component attached to the ceramic plate, which is connected to a control current source is to be connected in order to heat the bimetal contact spring Switch relay.
  • the contact bridge is located at one end of an arm; this is with attached to the other end of the substrate, but it’s not a contact spring, but a solid strip of electrical insulating material on the top there is a resistance element, which for Actuation of the switching bridge is supplied with a control current becomes.
  • DE-A-1 465 674 already discloses one Thermobimetal switch with a ceramic one Carrier, which is a Molding with several recesses and holes acts to accommodate screws for fastening a complex adjustment mechanism for the sound temperature.
  • US-A-2,860,208 discloses a bimetallic switch, in which the switch contacts on Edge of a bimetallic snap disc attached which is attached to a screw base, which like the fixed contacts on one Carriers are attached by means of set screws that allow adjustment.
  • the carrier can out malleable plastic or bahelite or one Ceramics not specified.
  • the invention has for its object a To create bimetal temperature switch, which one can be manufactured in a very flat design, too at different temperatures remains dimensionally stable, maintains its switching temperature and is versatile and adaptable.
  • the new thermal bimetal switch is used a thin aluminum oxide ceramic plate as a support, which is also referred to as a wafer in semiconductor technology becomes.
  • alumina ceramic plates with exceptional breaking strength is state of the art. Despite their merits, they are described below however, so far as a carrier for bimetal circuit breakers not been used.
  • aluminum oxide ceramic plates used for the bimetallic switches be much thinner than the previously common for small, open thermal switches used molded plastic carrier, thinner than printed circuit boards. It follows that the carrier used according to the invention only one has relatively low heat capacity, what favorably on the response speed of the Switch affects.
  • the carrier used according to the invention only one has relatively low heat capacity, what favorably on the response speed of the Switch affects.
  • an alumina ceramic carrier also and especially in the form of a thin plate highly heat resistant: it can up to significantly higher temperatures are used as a plastic carrier or printed circuit board and warps not yourself. It is also advantageous over Low thermal expansion coefficient plastics.
  • An aluminum oxide ceramic plate can also be used more true to size from the start manufacture as a plastic injection molded part, so that at the manufacture of a bimetal switch with an aluminum oxide ceramic plate as a carrier fewer tolerance problems occur.
  • An aluminum oxide ceramic plate can also be used not just like a circuit board with conductor tracks provided and with electrical components populate, rather resistances and other active or passive circuit elements to complete circuits in the carrier plate integrate, making the switch one compact, inexpensive hybrid component becomes.
  • a particularly simple but practical one Application significant training of the invention Switch is characterized by that the alumina ceramic support on on one side the generic elements of the bimetallic switch while it is on its opposite side (the bottom) provided with a resistance layer and thereby is designed as a thick-film resistor. Is arranged the resistance layer so that it bridges the switch electrically, then one such switch used as an overtemperature switch become after passing a predetermined temperature does not automatically closes, but remains open because after opening the switch the current is only over the Resistance layer flows, which heats up and generates so much heat and on the bimetal element transmits this above his Switching temperature remains. In his invention Training such a switch is essential more compact and cheaper than that in DE-PS 32 31 136 described switch, which after the Exceeding its switching temperature also open remains.
  • two sheet resistors may be provided, one of which one bridges the switch electrically and one is arranged as a series resistor, which accordingly with one of the two switch contacts associated electrical connectors and on the other hand with a third electrical connection part connected is; in the invention
  • a switch stands out compared to a comparable switch as in the DE-GM 84 11 838 is described by a more compact and cheaper construction.
  • the carrier plate of course, more than two film resistors be formed.
  • the Alumina ceramic plate in a fuse wire Series connection with the switching contacts arranged his offers an additional one Security in the event that the switch contacts not separated despite the switching temperature being exceeded e.g. because they stick; in such a In this case, the fuse wire heats up to over its melting temperature and interrupts the Circuit.
  • An aluminum oxide ceramic plate is suitable also excellent for equipping them with sensors, that generate an electrical output signal. With the output signal of such a sensor can be provided on the carrier plate Control the heating resistor, which is the bimetal element heated and thereby the switch operated.
  • the necessary electrical connection parts of the This could turn the bimetallic switch on attach the carrier to that one in the carrier Holes drilled e.g. by means of a laser beam, and the connecting parts to the holes drilled in this way screwed or riveted to the carrier. More advantageous it is, however, to metallize the support in places, preferably at its bottom, and the To form connecting parts fork-shaped, so that you put them on the carrier with your fork can, in separate metallized areas, after which they are soldered to the carrier.
  • the soldering can be done in electronics manufacturing common, inexpensive, automatic procedures take place, e.g. by guiding the carrier plates over a wave pool.
  • alumina ceramic plate metallizing leads to another Advantage of the invention: You can namely Fixed contact through selective metallization of the Form the top of the carrier, in particular by a Printing process.
  • connection parts at the same time can be used as a carrier for the permanent contact of the Switch or as a carrier for one, on the carrier Use the end of the contact spring to be determined.
  • the connection between the fixed contact and the one connector and between the contact spring and the other connector can be in the usual Way done by spot welding, being the welding process because of the temperature resistance the alumina ceramic attaching the electrical connectors the carrier plate can be done.
  • the connecting parts to attach to the carrier consists in the Use of the re-flow process. To do this the intended attachment points on the Carrier printed a solder metal, on which the Connection parts that work best for this purpose are forked, clamped and then soldered in a soldering oven.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it is possible in the manufacture of bimetallic switches of larger alumina ceramic plates going out on these plates side by side a whole number of thermal bimetal switches train and only in one last Manufacturing step the panels along predetermined Separation lines between the bimetallic switches to separate.
  • bimetallic snap disc For the actuation of the contact spring is a separate bimetal element provided namely a bimetallic snap disc, which best arranged between the contact spring and the carrier becomes.
  • a snap disk is one through Emboss domed disc, which due to its Curvature two oppositely arched, stable Shaping can take the transition between the two figures.
  • For holding and centering the bimetallic snap disc you could be on or under the contact spring Provide hooks and tabs that hold the bimetallic snap disc hold on the edge and at least partially embrace.
  • a plastic bolt in front of the Play through a hole in the bimetallic snap disk is passed through and either on the contact spring is attached and with play through a hole protrudes through the carrier or attached to the carrier and with play through a hole in the contact spring protrudes, expediently this Bolt between the contact spring and the bimetallic snap disc has a collar through which the two are kept apart.
  • you can use a contact spring Provide extension e.g. through a deep drawing process, which through a hole in the bimetallic snap disc and through a hole in the carrier with Reaches through.
  • the bimetallic snap disc and the contact spring keeping your distance is important if should be prevented that the heat of electricity the contact spring on the bimetallic snap disc transmits. It is advisable to do this between the Contact spring and the bimetallic snap disc to provide insulating plastic part, which either in a hole in the bimetallic disc or in a Hole in the contact spring inserted, if necessary with both connected is. To the heat transfer between the contact spring and the bimetallic snap disc to prevent as much as possible, one forms this plastic part - and corresponding to the collar the bolt described above - as large as possible out so he's the bimetallic snap disc can thermally isolate from the contact spring.
  • the contact spring and the bimetal element can arranged on the same side of the carrier his. However, for many applications it is cheaper the contact spring on one side and that Bimetal element on the opposite side to arrange the carrier because then the bimetal element before being influenced by thermal the current-carrying contact spring through the one in between lying carrier is protected.
  • the necessary Active connection between the bimetal element and the contact spring is expedient in this case made by an actuator, which is in a hole of the carrier between the bimetal element and the contact spring is arranged.
  • the actuator act as a plunger in a bore formed opening of the carrier axially, i.e. in Longitudinal direction of the plunger is movable, guided.
  • This pestle could prevent it from being lost secure, be attached to the bimetallic element.
  • Cheaper is to attach it to the contact spring, the switching behavior of the bimetallic element to influence as little as possible.
  • the plunger neither on the contact spring nor to attach to the bimetallic element, but him loosely between them in a hole in the carrier to arrange; the loose arrangement of the Heat transfer from the contact spring to the bimetal element over the plunger to a minimum reduced.
  • One embodiment is particularly advantageous the bimetallic switch according to the invention, in which that between the bimetallic element one side and the contact spring on the other Side enclosed, in a hole of the carrier arranged actuator a ball which is preferably made of glass or from a ceramic material.
  • a bullet not only has the advantage of being a particularly bad one Thermal bridge between the contact spring and the Being a bimetal element, it is also extraordinary easy to assemble.
  • Screen the Balls can be made easily and inexpensively make sure that those used Balls only slightly in diameter distinguish that these diameter tolerances not to noticeable scatter of the Lead switching temperature. Too little scatter the switching temperature also bears the used one Alumina ceramic support at because this can be manufactured very dimensionally and even after prolonged use and more often Temperature change does not warp, but keeps its shape stable.
  • the bimetallic element could be a soldered on one side to the underside of the carrier Be bimetallic spring, but it is more advantageous instead using a bimetallic snap disc that of brackets, which attached to the carrier and encompass the edge of the bimetal element and / or a stop for the edge of the Form bimetal elements, loose - but captive - is held on the carrier.
  • holders for the Bimetal snap disks are suitable e.g. on the Top of the carrier brackets attached by soldering, which folded over to the underside of the carrier and there are similar to photo corners Hold the bimetal disc.
  • At least one of the brackets is expediently an integral part one of the two electrical connection parts of the switch and therefore does not have to be separate to be assembled.
  • bracket which an integral part of one of the two electrical Connection parts is, as a further bracket those with a peg with which they are captive inserted into a bore of the carrier, in particular is snapped into place.
  • This second bracket can be an injection molded part made of plastic act.
  • Bimetallic disc only through such in the Carrier inserted, especially latched Hold brackets.
  • the brackets must be the Bimetallic disc against all directions Secure sliding out. You can do that with just two Brackets if you have the respective bimetallic element on one edge with two opposite one another Provides recesses, in each of which engages a nose of the brackets. Vice versa you could of course also use the bimetal element on opposite edges with each provided a nose and this in recesses of the two opposite brackets intervene. The previously mentioned possibility is cheaper, however.
  • Another advantage of using a carrier from a thin aluminum oxide ceramic plate is that you can both without difficulty electrical connections of the switch to and can arrange the same end of the carrier; to one leads from the fixed contact one on the carrier printed conductor to that end of the carrier, on which the connector for the contact spring is located.
  • the switch shown in Figs. 1 to 3 consists of a thin, rectangular support 1 made of an aluminum oxide ceramic, which in the Has a slot 2 in the middle.
  • the elongated support 1 is metallized at both ends on the underside 1a and there are therefore two connecting flags 3 and 4 attached, which at one end each have a solder eye 5 and on their other End are fork-shaped. That of the metallized Underside 1a of the carrier tines 6 of the fork are with the carrier 1 in the immersion bath soldered. The top of the carrier 1 overlying tines 7 of the fork are with the Carrier 1 not soldered.
  • a contact spring 8 On the one terminal lug 3 is by spot welding one end of a contact spring 8 is welded on, which is a contact piece at its free end 9 wears. This moving contact piece 9 is opposite to the other terminal lug 4 a fixed contact 10 is welded on.
  • the contact spring 8 has a hole 11 approximately in the middle which captive a bolt 12 made of plastic is held.
  • the bolt 12 lies with a head 13 on the top of the contact spring 8 and extends through the contact spring below.
  • His shaft is by a central one Hole 14 in the middle of a bimetallic snap disc 15, which between the carrier 1 and the contact spring 8 is arranged, and through the slot 2 of the carrier 1 passed. Between the Contact spring 8 and the bimetallic snap disc 15 is the bolt 12 with an extended collar 16 provided, which on the one hand for a certain Distance and on the other hand for thermal shielding between the contact spring 8 and the Bimetallic snap disk 15 ensures.
  • a sheet resistor 17 which by conductor tracks 18 with the two connecting lugs 3 and 4 is connected and thus the switch electrically bridged. Speaks the bimetal snap disc 15 due to the occurrence of a temperature, which is above its switching temperature, then lifts the contact spring 8 and current only flows via the sheet resistor 17, which heats up as a result the bimetallic snap disc 15 heated and prevents them from their starting position jumps back in which the switch would close.
  • the bimetallic snap disc 15 By the current heat, which is in the contact spring 8 is generated, the bimetallic snap disc 15 hardly influenced. For that takes care of Shielding by the collar 16, but on the other hand also the contact of the bimetallic snap disc 15 with the carrier 1, causing a heat drain from the bimetallic element to the carrier 1 can.
  • thermobimetal switch shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 differs from that in the 1 to 3 shown mainly in that the Bimetal snap disk 15 is not on the top of the carrier 1 between the carrier and the contact spring 8 is arranged, but at the bottom of the carrier 1 loosely through a holder 20 is held, which is an integral part of one Terminal lug 3 is on which also the contact spring 8 is attached.
  • This terminal lug 3 is similar like the terminal lug shown in Fig. 1 fork-shaped.
  • the immovable end the contact spring 8 is under the upper prong 7 the fork of the connecting lug 3, and both are soldered to the carrier 1.
  • the lower tine 6 of the Fork 3 is beyond the center of the carrier 1 extended and formed into a structure 20 which is like a pan, in the bottom of which one large, almost from edge to edge Recess 21 is provided. On their edges are four upright, against the bottom 1a of the wearer, towards the four edges of the Beam 1 parallel side walls 22, 23, 24 and 25 provided, of which the two face the narrow sides of the carrier 1 parallel walls 24 and 25 touch the underside 1a of the carrier.
  • the structure 20 serves as a holder for the bimetallic snap disk 15, which is inserted before the terminal lug 3 is attached to the carrier 1.
  • By the large recess 21 ensures that the bimetallic snap disk 15 unhindered Can reach ambient temperature.
  • the shaft length of the plunger 27 is dimensioned that when the temperature of the bimetallic snap disc below their switching temperature lies and the bimetallic snap disc down is curved, as shown in Fig. 4 in solid Lines shows the plunger 27 not quite up to Bimetallic snap disk reaches down. However, exceeds the temperature of the bimetallic snap disc their switching temperature, then their curvature reverses um, as shown in dashed lines in Fig. 4, and thereby it raises the plunger 27 and this the Contact spring 8, so that at the top provided contact piece 9 from the fixed contact 10 is lifted off.
  • the bimetallic switch shown in Figs. 6 and 7 differs from that in the 4 and 5 switch shown substantially in the formation of the connecting flags and the Bracket for the bimetallic snap disc.
  • the two Terminal lugs 3 and 4 are not fork-shaped trained, but to attach to the Carrier 1 has certain ends to form an approximate C-shaped structure on one side twice angled. With this roughly C-shaped Formations encompass the connecting lugs 3 and 4 Carrier 1 from the side and are with it soldered.
  • the bracket for the bimetallic snap disc 15 is only partially through the connecting lug 3rd formed, and that is with a step-shaped angled extension 32 provided; opposite this there is a second one in carrier 1 through hole 33, into which from above forth a holding part 34 is inserted; It is about a pin with one on the top of the support 1 lying flat head 35 and a shaft 36 which is underneath the carrier 1 has a flat recess 37 which the extension 32 facing the connecting lug 3.
  • the Bimetallic snap disk 15 lies with one End in between the bottom 1a of the carrier and the extension 32 formed gap and with its opposite end in the recess 37 of the pin 34.
  • a recess 38 is provided at one end, in which the pin 34 engages so that the bimetallic snap disc not to the side of the recess 37 can swing out.
  • the edge of the bimetallic snap disc is a Swing out of the area of the extension 32 thereby prevents the bimetallic snap disc there one to the narrow side of the carrier 1 has parallel edge 39, which is almost over extends the entire width of the carrier 1 and in short distance in front of the perpendicular to the carrier 1 angled wall 32a of the extension 32 extends.
  • the bracket 34 designed as a pin allows easy assembly of the bimetallic snap disc 15.
  • the pin can simply be in its hole 33 are inserted and is in it by the contact spring 8 leading over it cannot be lost held. However, it is preferable to ensure that he's stuck in his hole 33, for example by having its diameter closely matches the diameter of the hole.
  • the bimetallic switch shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 differs from that in the 4 and 5 switch shown substantially through the other formation of the connecting lugs and the bracket of the bimetallic snap disc.
  • the two lugs 3 and 4 are essentially trained the same way, essentially as the terminal lug 4 in Fig. 4 and 5. None the two connecting lugs 3 and 4 are used for mounting the bimetallic snap disc 15 rather two separate brackets 40 are provided, which is cone-shaped in a similar manner are like the bracket 34 in Fig. 6.
  • the both brackets 40 have a flat head 45, which rests on the top of the carrier 1, a shaft 46, with which they pass through extend their respective hole 43 in the carrier 1, a collar 44 which is the bottom 1a of the carrier rests, and a wedge-shaped recess 47 in the shaft 46 below the collar 44.
  • the brackets 40 can be Injection molded plastic parts act first made without the head 45, from bottom to inserted into the respective hole 43 for the collar 44 and then by thermoplastic forming their upward ending into one Head 45 captively fastened in the carrier 1 become.
  • the two brackets are arranged so that the two wedge-shaped recesses 47 opposite each other for the same height of the two opposite each other Edges 49 of the bimetallic snap disk 15, which both with a recess 48 - accordingly the recess 38 in Fig. 7 - are provided in which engage and prevent the brackets 40 that the bimetallic snap disk 15 is lost goes.
  • Switch has the one shown in Fig. 8 Switch between the bimetallic snap disc 15 and the contact spring 8 a plunger 27, the above his head 28 has a cylindrical extension 41 has some play through a hole in the Contact spring 8 passes through and thereby to a leads to improved centering.
  • thermobimetal switch shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 has a connecting lug 4, which in essentially looks like the connecting lug 4 1 to 3, and has a connecting lug 3, which looks essentially like that in the Fig. 1 to 3, but also one for the support of Bimetal snap disk 15 serving extension 32 has as in Fig. 6 terminal lug 3.
  • Switch has the switch shown in Fig. 10 another pin-shaped bracket 54, which with a slit near his an end undercut shaft 56 snapped into a through hole 33 of the carrier 1 is.
  • the bracket 54 is from below here up to a collar 55 inserted into the hole 33.
  • a flat head connects to the collar 55 57 at.
  • the bimetallic snap disk 15 is in the area of action the bracket 54 with a recess 38 as in the example of FIGS. 6 and 7 provided, in which the bracket 54 with the Collar 55 engages.
  • bracket 54 in Fig. 10 and instead the bracket 34 in Fig. 6 and instead of Mounts 40 in Fig. 8 could also be mounts use as shown in Figs. 12 and 13 are.
  • These brackets differ of the holder shown in Fig. 6 therein, that in the recess 37 a semicircular, the Bimetallic snap disk 15 facing and in their Recess 38 engaging projection provided is.

Abstract

The above-described switch comprises a flat electrically-insulated support (1), at least two electrical connection parts (3, 4), of which one is linked with a fixed contact (10) arranged on the support (1) and the other is linked to a contact strip (8), which is fixed to the support (1) by one of its ends and carries at its other end a mobile contact (9) cooperating with the fixed contact (10). The support (1) is a thin plate of aluminium/oxide ceramic.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Bimetalltemperaturschalter mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention is based on a bimetal temperature switch with those in the preamble of the claim 1 specified characteristics.

Ein solcher Schalter ist in der DE-29 16 516 A1 beschrieben. Es handelt sich dabei um einen Temperaturschalter, welcher auf einer Leiterplatte als Träger angeordnet ist. Dabei können auf der Leiterplatte eine oder mehrere Heizwiderstände vorgesehen sein, mit deren Hilfe der Thermoschalter auch als Relais oder Zeitrelais arbeiten kann. Der bekannte Schalter hat den Nachteil, dass die Leiterplatte dazu neigt, sich infolge thermischer Beanspruchung zu verziehen, wodurch eine einwandfreie Funktion des Thermoschalters nicht gewährleistet ist, insbesondere seine Schalttemperatur geändert werden kann.Such a switch is in DE-29 16 516 A1 described. It is a temperature switch, which on a circuit board as Carrier is arranged. You can do this on the circuit board one or more heating resistors are provided with the help of the thermal switch too can work as a relay or timing relay. The known Switch has the disadvantage that the circuit board tends to result from thermal stress to warp, creating a flawless Function of the thermal switch not guaranteed is, in particular its switching temperature changed can be.

Ein Schalter mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 ist auch aus der DE 32 31 136 A1 bekannt. Bei dem daraus bekannten Schalter ist der Träger ein Spritzgießteil aus Kunststoff, in welchen die elektrischen Anschlußteile eingebettet sind. An der Unterseite des Trägers ist ein Dickschichtwiderstand angeordnet, welcher die Gestalt einer flachen, beschichteten Keramikplatte hat. Der Dickschichtwiderstand überbrückt den Schalter elektrisch.A switch with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is also out known from DE 32 31 136 A1. In the switch known from it is the carrier an injection molded part made of plastic, in which the electrical connection parts are embedded are. A thick film resistor is arranged on the underside of the carrier, which has the shape of a flat, coated ceramic plate. The thick film resistance bridges the switch electrically.

Aus der JP 108 625/1983-A ist ein Relais bekannt, bei welchem sich auf einem Keramikplättchen ein PTC-Dickschichtwiderstand als Heizer befindet. Darüber befindet sich eine Bimetallkontaktfeder, welche mit ihrem einen Ende auf dem Träger befestigt ist und an ihrem anderen Ende einen beweglichen Kontakt trägt, welcher mit einem Festkontakt zusammenarbeitet, welcher sich an einem mit dem Keramikplättchen verbundenen Kontaktarm befindet. Der Dickschichtwiderstand ist ein auf dem Keramikplättchen angebrachtes Bauteil, welches mit einer Steuerstromquelle zu verbinden ist, um durch Beheizen der Bimetallkontaktfeder das Relais zu schalten.From JP 108 625/1983-A a relay is known, in which on a Ceramic plate is a PTC thick film resistor as a heater. About that is a bimetallic contact spring, which has one end on the Carrier is attached and carries a movable contact at its other end, who works with a fixed contact, who works with you Ceramic plate connected contact arm is located. The thick film resistance is a component attached to the ceramic plate, which is connected to a control current source is to be connected in order to heat the bimetal contact spring Switch relay.

Aus der US-A-4,423,401 ist ein in Dünnfilmtechnik hergestellter Mikrominiaturschalter bekannt, welcher anstelle von Halbleiterschaltern in elektronischen Schaltungen mit hoher Integrationsdichte eingesetzt werden kann. Es handelt sich dabei um Schalter, die ebenso wie ein Halbleiterschalter durch einen Steuerstrom betätigt werden, nicht aber durch Änderungen der Umgebungstemperatur. Ausserdem fließt der zu schaltende Strom anders als in einem gattungsgemässen Bimetalltemperaturschalter nicht über eine Kontaktfeder, die mit ihrem einen Ende am Träger befestigt ist und am anderen Ende ein durch Einwirkung des Bimetallelements bewegliches Kontaktstück trägt, sondern über eine Kontaktbrücke, welche mit beiden Enden von zwei auf dem Substrat liegenden Festkontakten abhebt. Die Kontaktbrücke befindet sich an einem Ende eines Arms; dieser ist zwar mit seinem anderen Ende auf dem Substrat befestigt, doch handelt es sich dabei nicht um eine Kontaktfeder, sondern um einen festen Streifen aus elektrisch isolierendem Material, auf dessen Oberseite sich ein Widerstandselement befindet, welchem zur Betätigung der Schaltbrücke ein Steuerstrom zugeführt wird.From US-A-4,423,401 is a thin film technology manufactured micro miniature switch known, which instead of semiconductor switches in electronic Circuits with high integration density can be used. It is about Switches that are just like a semiconductor switch not operated by a control current but by changing the ambient temperature. In addition, the current to be switched flows differently than in a generic bimetal temperature switch don't have a contact spring that is attached at one end to the carrier and at the other end by the action of the bimetal element movable contact piece, but over a contact bridge, which with both Ends of two fixed contacts lying on the substrate takes off. The contact bridge is located at one end of an arm; this is with attached to the other end of the substrate, but it’s not a contact spring, but a solid strip of electrical insulating material on the top there is a resistance element, which for Actuation of the switching bridge is supplied with a control current becomes.

Die DE-A-1 465 674 offenbart bereits einen Thermobimetallschalter mit einem aus Keramik bestehenden Träger, bei welchem es sich um ein Formteil mit mehreren Vertiefüngen und Bohrungen handelt zur Aufnahme von Schrauben zur Befestigung eines aufwendigen Einstellmechanismus für die Schalltemperatur.DE-A-1 465 674 already discloses one Thermobimetal switch with a ceramic one Carrier, which is a Molding with several recesses and holes acts to accommodate screws for fastening a complex adjustment mechanism for the sound temperature.

Die US-A-2,860,208 offenbart einen Thermobimetallschalter, bei welchem die Schaltkontakte am Rand einer Bimetallschnappscheibe angebracht sind, welche auf einem Schraubsockel befestigt ist, welcher ebenso wie die Festkontakte auf einem Träger befestigt sind mittels Stellschrauben, die eine Justierung erlauben. Der Träger kann aus formbarem Kunststoff oder Bahelit oder aus einer nicht näher bezeichneten Keramik bestehen.US-A-2,860,208 discloses a bimetallic switch, in which the switch contacts on Edge of a bimetallic snap disc attached which is attached to a screw base, which like the fixed contacts on one Carriers are attached by means of set screws that allow adjustment. The carrier can out malleable plastic or bahelite or one Ceramics not specified.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Bimetalltemperaturschalter zu schaffen, welcher in sehr flacher Bauweise herstellbar ist, auch bei unterschiedlicher Temperaturbeanspruchung formstabil bleibt, seine Schalttemperatur beibehält und vielseitig verwendbar und anpaßbar ist.The invention has for its object a To create bimetal temperature switch, which one can be manufactured in a very flat design, too at different temperatures remains dimensionally stable, maintains its switching temperature and is versatile and adaptable.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Thermobimetallschalter mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.This task is solved by a bimetallic switch with those specified in claim 1 Characteristics.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous developments of the invention are Subject of the subclaims.

Der neue Thermobimetallschalter verwendet als Träger eine dünne Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte, welche in der Halbleitertechnik auch als Wafer bezeichnet wird. Die Herstellung solcher Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatten mit ausserordentlicher Bruchfestigkeit ist Stand der Technik. Trotz ihrer Vorzüge, die nachstehend noch geschildert werden, sind sie jedoch bislang als Träger für Bimetallschutzschalter nicht verwendet worden.The new thermal bimetal switch is used a thin aluminum oxide ceramic plate as a support, which is also referred to as a wafer in semiconductor technology becomes. The production of such alumina ceramic plates with exceptional breaking strength is state of the art. Despite their merits, they are described below however, so far as a carrier for bimetal circuit breakers not been used.

Infolge ihrer Festigkeit können die als Träger für die Thermobimetallschalter verwendeten Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatten wesentlich dünner sein als die bislang für kleine, offene Thermoschalter häufig verwendeten Träger aus gespritztem Kunststoff, dünner auch als Leiterplatten. Daraus folgt, dass der erfindungsgemäß verwendete Träger nur eine verhältnismässig geringe Wärmekapazität hat, was sich günstig auf die Ansprechgeschwindigkeit des Schalters auswirkt. Dazu ist ein solcher Aluminiumoxidkeramikträger auch und gerade in Form einer dünnen Platte hochwärmebeständig: Er kann bis zu erheblich höheren Temperaturen eingesetzt werden als Kunststoffträger oder Leiterplatten und verzieht sich doch nicht. Vorteilhaft ist auch sein gegenüber Kunststoffen niedriger Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient. Ausserdem läßt sich eine Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte von vornherein maßhaltiger herstellen als ein Kunststoffspritzteil, so dass bei der Fertigung eines Bimetallschalters mit einer Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte als Träger weniger Toleranzprobleme auftreten.Due to their strength, they can be used as carriers aluminum oxide ceramic plates used for the bimetallic switches be much thinner than the previously common for small, open thermal switches used molded plastic carrier, thinner than printed circuit boards. It follows that the carrier used according to the invention only one has relatively low heat capacity, what favorably on the response speed of the Switch affects. For this purpose is such an alumina ceramic carrier also and especially in the form of a thin plate highly heat resistant: it can up to significantly higher temperatures are used as a plastic carrier or printed circuit board and warps not yourself. It is also advantageous over Low thermal expansion coefficient plastics. An aluminum oxide ceramic plate can also be used more true to size from the start manufacture as a plastic injection molded part, so that at the manufacture of a bimetal switch with an aluminum oxide ceramic plate as a carrier fewer tolerance problems occur.

Ausserdem läßt sich eine Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte nicht nur wie eine Leiterplatte mit Leiterbahnen versehen und mit elektrischen Bauelementen bestücken, vielmehr lassen sich Widerstände und andere aktive oder passive Schaltungselemente bis hin zu kompletten Schaltkreisen in die Trägerplatte integrieren, wodurch der Schalter zu einem kompakten, preiswerten Hybridbauelement wird.An aluminum oxide ceramic plate can also be used not just like a circuit board with conductor tracks provided and with electrical components populate, rather resistances and other active or passive circuit elements to complete circuits in the carrier plate integrate, making the switch one compact, inexpensive hybrid component becomes.

Eine besonders einfache, aber für die praktische Anwendung bedeutsame Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aluminiumoxidkeramikträger auf seiner einen Seite die gattungsgemäßen Elemente des Thermobimetallschalters trägt, während er auf seiner gegenüberliegenden Seite (der Unterseite) mit einer Widerstandsschicht versehen und dadurch als Dickschichtwiderstand ausgebildet ist. Ist die Widerstandsschicht so angeordnet, dass sie den Schalter elektrisch überbrückt, dann kann ein solcher Schalter als Übertemperaturschalter verwendet werden, der nach dem Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Temperatur nicht wieder selbsttätig schließt, sondern offen bleibt, weil nach dem Öffnen des Schalters der Strom nur noch über die Widerstandsschicht fließt, welche sich aufheizt und so viel Wärme erzeugt und auf das Bimetallelement überträgt, dass dieses oberhalb seiner Schalttemperatur bleibt. In seiner erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung ist ein solcher Schalter wesentlich kompakter und preiswerter als der in der DE-PS 32 31 136 beschriebene Schalter, welcher nach dem Überschreiten seiner Schalttemperatur ebenfalls offen bleibt.A particularly simple but practical one Application significant training of the invention Switch is characterized by that the alumina ceramic support on on one side the generic elements of the bimetallic switch while it is on its opposite side (the bottom) provided with a resistance layer and thereby is designed as a thick-film resistor. Is arranged the resistance layer so that it bridges the switch electrically, then one such switch used as an overtemperature switch become after passing a predetermined temperature does not automatically closes, but remains open because after opening the switch the current is only over the Resistance layer flows, which heats up and generates so much heat and on the bimetal element transmits this above his Switching temperature remains. In his invention Training such a switch is essential more compact and cheaper than that in DE-PS 32 31 136 described switch, which after the Exceeding its switching temperature also open remains.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform des Schalters können auf der Unterseite der Trägerplatte zwei Schichtwiderstände vorgesehen sein, von denen einer den Schalter elektrisch überbrückt und einer als Vorwiderstand angeordnet ist, welcher demgemäß mit einem der beiden den zwei Schaltkontakten zugeordneten elektrischen Anschlußteile und andererseits mit einem dritten elektrischen Anschlußteil verbunden ist; in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung zeichnet sich ein solcher Schalter gegenüber einem vergleichbaren Schalter, wie er in dem DE-GM 84 11 838 beschrieben ist, durch einen kompakteren und preiswerteren Aufbau aus.In another embodiment of the switch can on the bottom of the backing plate two sheet resistors may be provided, one of which one bridges the switch electrically and one is arranged as a series resistor, which accordingly with one of the two switch contacts associated electrical connectors and on the other hand with a third electrical connection part connected is; in the invention Such a switch stands out compared to a comparable switch as in the DE-GM 84 11 838 is described by a more compact and cheaper construction.

Für andere Anwendungen können auf der Trägerplatte natürlich auch mehr als zwei Schichtwiderstände ausgebildet werden.For other applications, the carrier plate of course, more than two film resistors be formed.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung könnte auf der Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte ein Schmelzdraht in Reihenschaltung mit den Schaltkontakten angeordnet sein. In einem Übertemperaturschutzschalter bietet ein solcher Schmelzdraht eine zusätzliche Sicherheit für den Fall, dass die Schaltkontakte trotz Überschreitens der Schalttemperatur nicht getrennt werden, z.B. weil sie kleben; in einem solchen Fall erhitzt sich der Schmelzdraht bis über seine Schmelztemperatur und unterbricht den Stromkreis.In a further embodiment, the Alumina ceramic plate in a fuse wire Series connection with the switching contacts arranged his. In an overtemperature protection switch such a fuse wire offers an additional one Security in the event that the switch contacts not separated despite the switching temperature being exceeded e.g. because they stick; in such a In this case, the fuse wire heats up to over its melting temperature and interrupts the Circuit.

Eine Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte eignet sich ferner hervorragend dazu, sie mit Sensoren zu bestücken, die ein elektrisches Ausgangssignal erzeugen. Mit dem Ausgangssignal eines solchen Sensors kann man einen auf der Trägerplatte vorgesehenen Heizwiderstand ansteuern, welcher das Bimetallelement beheizt und dadurch den Schalter betätigt.An aluminum oxide ceramic plate is suitable also excellent for equipping them with sensors, that generate an electrical output signal. With the output signal of such a sensor can be provided on the carrier plate Control the heating resistor, which is the bimetal element heated and thereby the switch operated.

Die nötigen elektrischen Anschlußteile des Thermobimetallschalters könnte man dadurch auf dem Träger befestigen, dass man in den Träger Löcher bohrt, z.B. mittels eines Laserstrahls, und die Anschlußteile an den so gebohrten Löchern mit dem Träger verschraubt oder vernietet. Vorteilhafter ist es jedoch, den Träger stellenweise zu metallisieren, vorzugsweise an seiner Unterseite, und die Anschlußteile gabelförmig auszubilden, so dass man sie mit ihrer Gabel auf den Träger aufstecken kann, und zwar in getrennten metallisierten Bereichen, wonach sie mit dem Träger verlötet werden. Das Verlöten kann nach in der Elektronikfertigung gebräuchlichen, preiswerten, automatischen Verfahren erfolgen, z.B. durch Führen der Trägerplatten über ein Schwallbad.The necessary electrical connection parts of the This could turn the bimetallic switch on attach the carrier to that one in the carrier Holes drilled e.g. by means of a laser beam, and the connecting parts to the holes drilled in this way screwed or riveted to the carrier. More advantageous it is, however, to metallize the support in places, preferably at its bottom, and the To form connecting parts fork-shaped, so that you put them on the carrier with your fork can, in separate metallized areas, after which they are soldered to the carrier. The soldering can be done in electronics manufacturing common, inexpensive, automatic procedures take place, e.g. by guiding the carrier plates over a wave pool.

Die Möglichkeit, eine Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte zu metallisieren, führt zu einem weiteren Vorteil der Erfindung: Man kann nämlich auch den Festkontakt durch selektives Metallisieren der Trägeroberseite bilden, insbesondere durch ein Druckverfahren.The possibility of an alumina ceramic plate metallizing leads to another Advantage of the invention: You can namely Fixed contact through selective metallization of the Form the top of the carrier, in particular by a Printing process.

Alternativ kann man die elektrischen Anschlußteile zugleich als Träger für den Festkontakt des Schalters bzw. als Träger für das eine, am Träger festzulegende Ende der Kontaktfeder verwenden. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Festkontakt und dem einen Anschlußteil und zwischen der Kontaktfeder und dem anderen Anschlußteil kann in üblicher Weise durch Punktschweißen erfolgen, wobei der Schweißvorgang wegen der Temperaturbeständigkeit der Aluminiumoxidkeramik auch noch nach dem Befestigen der elektrischen Anschlußteile an der Trägerplatte erfolgen kann. Eine andere, besonders vorteilhafte Art und Weise, die Anschlußteile auf dem Träger zu befestigen, besteht in der Anwendung des Re-flow-Verfahrens. Dazu wird an den vorgesehenen Befestigungsstellen auf den Träger ein Lotmetall aufgedruckt, auf welchem die Anschlußteile, die zu diesem Zweck am besten gabelförmig ausgebildet sind, festgeklemmt und anschließend in einem Lötofen verlötet werden.Alternatively, you can use the electrical connection parts at the same time as a carrier for the permanent contact of the Switch or as a carrier for one, on the carrier Use the end of the contact spring to be determined. The connection between the fixed contact and the one connector and between the contact spring and the other connector can be in the usual Way done by spot welding, being the welding process because of the temperature resistance the alumina ceramic attaching the electrical connectors the carrier plate can be done. Another, especially advantageous way, the connecting parts to attach to the carrier consists in the Use of the re-flow process. To do this the intended attachment points on the Carrier printed a solder metal, on which the Connection parts that work best for this purpose are forked, clamped and then soldered in a soldering oven.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass es möglich ist, bei der Herstellung der Thermobimetallschalter von größeren Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatten auszugehen, auf diesen Platten nebeneinander eine ganze Anzahl von Thermobimetallschaltern auszubilden und erst in einem letzten Fertigungsschritt die Platten entlang vorgegebener Trennlinien zwischen den Thermobimetallschaltern aufzutrennen.Another advantage of the invention is that that it is possible in the manufacture of bimetallic switches of larger alumina ceramic plates going out on these plates side by side a whole number of thermal bimetal switches train and only in one last Manufacturing step the panels along predetermined Separation lines between the bimetallic switches to separate.

Für die Betätigung der Kontaktfeder ist ein gesondertes Bimetallelement vorgesehen nämlich eine Bimetallschnappscheibe, welche an besten zwischen der Kontaktfeder und dem Träger angeordnet wird. Eine Schnappscheibe ist eine durch Prägen gewölbte Scheibe, welche infolge ihrer Wölbung zwei entgegengesetzt gewölbte, stabile Gestalten annehmen kann, wobei der Übergang zwischen den beiden Gestalten sprunghaft erfolgt. Zum Halten und Zentrieren der Bimetallschnappscheibe könnte man auf oder unter der Kontaktfeder Haken und Laschen vorsehen, die die Bimetallschnappscheibe an deren Rand halten und wenigstens teilweise umgreifen. Vorteilhafter sieht man jedoch einen Bolzen aus Kunststoff vor, der mit Spiel durch ein Loch in der Bimetallschnappscheibe hindurchgeführt ist und entweder an der Kontaktfeder befestigt ist und mit Spiel durch ein Loch des Trägers hindurchragt oder am Träger befestigt ist und mit Spiel durch ein Loch in der Kontaktfeder hindurchragt, wobei zweckmässigerweise dieser Bolzen zwischen der Kontaktfeder und der Bimetallschnappscheibe einen Kragen hat, durch welchen die beiden auf Abstand gehalten werden. Alternativ kann man die Kontaktfeder mit einem Fortsatz versehen, z.B. durch einen Tiefziehvorgang, welcher durch ein Loch in der Bimetallschnappscheibe und durch ein Loch im Träger mit Spiel hindurchgreift.For the actuation of the contact spring is a separate bimetal element provided namely a bimetallic snap disc, which best arranged between the contact spring and the carrier becomes. A snap disk is one through Emboss domed disc, which due to its Curvature two oppositely arched, stable Shaping can take the transition between the two figures. For holding and centering the bimetallic snap disc you could be on or under the contact spring Provide hooks and tabs that hold the bimetallic snap disc hold on the edge and at least partially embrace. One sees more advantageous However, a plastic bolt in front of the Play through a hole in the bimetallic snap disk is passed through and either on the contact spring is attached and with play through a hole protrudes through the carrier or attached to the carrier and with play through a hole in the contact spring protrudes, expediently this Bolt between the contact spring and the bimetallic snap disc has a collar through which the two are kept apart. Alternatively, you can use a contact spring Provide extension, e.g. through a deep drawing process, which through a hole in the bimetallic snap disc and through a hole in the carrier with Reaches through.

Die Bimetallschnappscheibe und die Kontaktfeder auf Abstand zu halten, ist von Bedeutung, wenn verhindert werden soll, dass sich die Stromwärme der Kontaktfeder auf die Bimetallschnappscheibe überträgt. Dazu empfiehlt es sich, zwischen der Kontaktfeder und der Bimetallschnappscheibe ein isolierendes Kunststoffteil vorzusehen, welches entweder in ein Loch der Bimetallscheibe oder in ein Loch der Kontaktfeder eingeführt, ggfs. mit beiden verbunden ist. Um den Wärmeübergang zwischen der Kontaktfeder und der Bimetallschnappscheibe soweit wie möglich zu unterbinden, bildet man dieses Kunststoffteil - und entsprchend den Kragen des zuvor beschriebenen Bolzens - möglichst großflächig aus, so dass er die Bimetallschnappscheibe von der Kontaktfeder thermisch isolieren kann.The bimetallic snap disc and the contact spring keeping your distance is important if should be prevented that the heat of electricity the contact spring on the bimetallic snap disc transmits. It is advisable to do this between the Contact spring and the bimetallic snap disc to provide insulating plastic part, which either in a hole in the bimetallic disc or in a Hole in the contact spring inserted, if necessary with both connected is. To the heat transfer between the contact spring and the bimetallic snap disc to prevent as much as possible, one forms this plastic part - and corresponding to the collar the bolt described above - as large as possible out so he's the bimetallic snap disc can thermally isolate from the contact spring.

Am besten kann man den Wärmeübergang von der Kontaktfeder auf die gesonderte Bimetallscheibe unterbinden, wenn man die Bimetallscheibe auf der der Kontaktfeder abgewandten Seite des Trägers anordnet.The best way to control the heat transfer from the contact spring on the separate bimetallic disc prevent when you open the bimetal disc the side of the carrier facing away from the contact spring orders.

Die Kontaktfeder und das Bimetallelement können auf der gleichen Seite des Trägers angeordnet sein. Für viele Anwendungen ist es jedoch günstiger, die Kontaktfeder auf der einen Seite und das Bimetallelement auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Trägers anzuordnen, weil dann das Bimetallelement vor einer thermischen Beeinflussung durch die stromdurchflossene Kontaktfeder durch den dazwischen liegenden Träger geschützt ist. Die nötige Wirkverbindung zwischen dem Bimetallelement und der Kontaktfeder wird in diesem Fall zweckmässigerweise durch ein Betätigungselement hergestellt, welches in einem Loch des Trägers zwischen dem Bimetallelement und der Kontaktfeder angeordnet ist.The contact spring and the bimetal element can arranged on the same side of the carrier his. However, for many applications it is cheaper the contact spring on one side and that Bimetal element on the opposite side to arrange the carrier because then the bimetal element before being influenced by thermal the current-carrying contact spring through the one in between lying carrier is protected. The necessary Active connection between the bimetal element and the contact spring is expedient in this case made by an actuator, which is in a hole of the carrier between the bimetal element and the contact spring is arranged.

Es könnte sich bei dem Betätigungselement um einen Stößel handeln, der in einer als Bohrung ausgebildeten Öffnung des Trägers axial , d.h. in Längsrichtung des Stößels beweglich, geführt ist. Dieser Stößel könnte, um ihn gegen Verlieren zu sichern, am Bimetallelement befestigt sein. Günstiger ist es jedoch, ihn an der Kontaktfeder zu befestigen, um das Schaltverhalten des Bimetallelementes möglichst wenig zu beeinflussen. Eine weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Stößel weder an der Kontaktfeder noch an dem Bimetallelement zu befestigen, sondern ihn lose zwischen ihnen in einer Bohrung des Trägers anzuordnen; durch die lose Anordnung wird der Wärmeübergang von der Kontaktfeder auf das Bimetallelement über den Stößel auf ein Minimum reduziert. Um den Stößel trotz seiner losen Anordnung gegen Verlieren zu sichern, bildet man ihn an einem Ende am besten mit einem Kopf aus, dessen Durchmesser größer ist als der Durchmesser des Lochs im Träger. Dieser Kopf verbessert obendrein die thermische Abschirmung zwischen der Kontaktfeder und dem Bimetallelement. Um sicherzustellen, dass der Stößel nicht in der Richtung, in welcher sein Kopf weist, aus dem Träger herausgleiten kann, sollte der Durchmesser der Bohrung im Träger nicht wesentlich größer sein als der Durchmesser des Stößels unterhalb seines Kopfes. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass der Stößel nicht schräg an der Kontaktfeder vorbei aus der Bohrung des Trägers herausgleiten kann, er wird vielmehr immer zwischen der Kontaktfeder auf der einen Seite und dem Bimetallelement auf der anderen Seite eingeschlossen. Um die Führung des Stößels und seine Zentrierung auf die Kontaktfeder zu verbessern, kann es von Vorteil sein, den Stößel oberhalb seines Kopfes mit einem Fortsatz zu versehen und diesen Fortsatz durch ein an entsprechender Stelle in der Kontaktfeder vorgesehenes Loch hindurchgreifen zu lassen.It could be the actuator act as a plunger in a bore formed opening of the carrier axially, i.e. in Longitudinal direction of the plunger is movable, guided. This pestle could prevent it from being lost secure, be attached to the bimetallic element. Cheaper is to attach it to the contact spring, the switching behavior of the bimetallic element to influence as little as possible. Another, there is a particularly advantageous possibility in it, the plunger neither on the contact spring nor to attach to the bimetallic element, but him loosely between them in a hole in the carrier to arrange; the loose arrangement of the Heat transfer from the contact spring to the bimetal element over the plunger to a minimum reduced. Around the pestle despite its loose arrangement to protect against losing, you train him one end best with a head whose Diameter is larger than the diameter of the hole in the carrier. This head also improves the thermal shield between the Contact spring and the bimetal element. To ensure, that the plunger is not in the direction in which has its head, slide out of the carrier the diameter of the hole in the carrier should not be significantly larger than that Diameter of the pestle below his head. This ensures that the plunger is not diagonally past the contact spring out of the hole the wearer can slide out, he will rather always between the contact spring on one Side and the bimetallic element on the other Side included. To guide the ram and improve its centering on the contact spring, it may be beneficial to put the pestle above to provide an extension of his head and this extension by a corresponding one Reach through the hole provided in the contact spring allow.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Thermobimetallschalters, in welcher das zwischen dem Bimetallelement auf der einen Seite und der Kontaktfeder auf der anderen Seite eingeschlossene, in einem Loch des Trägers angeordnete Betätigungselement eine Kugel ist, welche vorzugsweise aus Glas oder aus einem keramischen Werkstoff besteht. Eine solche Kugel hat nicht nur den Vorteil, eine besonders schlechte Wärmebrücke zwischen der Kontaktfeder und dem Bimetallelement zu sein, sie ist auch ausserordentlich bequem zu montieren. Durch Aussieben der Kugeln kann man auf einfache und preiswerte Weise sicherstellen, dass die zur Verwendung gelangenden Kugeln sich im Durchmesser nur so geringfügig unterscheiden, dass diese Durchmessertoleranzen nicht zu spürbaren Streuungen der Schalttemperatur führen. Zu geringen Streuungen der Schalttemperatur trägt wesentlich auch der verwendete Träger aus einer Aluminiumoxidkeramik bei, weil dieser sich sehr maßhaltig herstellen läßt und auch nach längerem Gebrauch und häufiger Temperaturwechselbeanspruchung sich nicht verzieht, sondern seine Form stabil beibehält. Die Kombination eines Trägers aus einer dünnen Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte mit einer losen Kugel als Betätigungselement zwischen dem Bimetallelement und der Kontaktfeder ist deshalb zur Erzielung geringer Streuung der Schalttemperaturen von Thermobimetallschaltern einer Serie besonders günstig, was im Hinblick darauf, dass solche Schalter in großen Stückzahlen hergestellt werden, ein nicht zu unterschätzender Vorteil ist. Dabei ist es nicht zuletzt der sehr dünne Aluminiumoxidkeramikträger, der die Verwendung solcher Kugeln möglich und interessant macht, denn die Vorteile sind umso größer, je kleiner die Kugeln sind; der Durchmesser der Kugeln muss aber größer sein als die Dicke des Aluminiumoxidkeramikträgers. Dessen Dicke beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 1,0 und 1,5 mm; den Durchmesser der Kugeln wählt man vorzugsweise doppelt so groß wie die Dicke des Trägers. So kleine Kugeln sind - insbesondere, wenn sie aus einer Keramik oder aus Glas bestehen - so leicht und haben eine so geringe Wärmekapazität, dass sie die Schalttemperatur des Bimetallelements nicht beeinflussen.One embodiment is particularly advantageous the bimetallic switch according to the invention, in which that between the bimetallic element one side and the contact spring on the other Side enclosed, in a hole of the carrier arranged actuator a ball which is preferably made of glass or from a ceramic material. Such a bullet not only has the advantage of being a particularly bad one Thermal bridge between the contact spring and the Being a bimetal element, it is also extraordinary easy to assemble. By screening the Balls can be made easily and inexpensively make sure that those used Balls only slightly in diameter distinguish that these diameter tolerances not to noticeable scatter of the Lead switching temperature. Too little scatter the switching temperature also bears the used one Alumina ceramic support at because this can be manufactured very dimensionally and even after prolonged use and more often Temperature change does not warp, but keeps its shape stable. The Combination of a carrier made of a thin aluminum oxide ceramic plate with a loose ball as Actuator between the bimetallic element and the contact spring is therefore lower to achieve Scattering of the switching temperatures of bimetallic switches a series particularly cheap, what with regard to the fact that such switches in large quantities are produced, a not too underestimating advantage is. It is not the least the very thin aluminum oxide ceramic carrier, who can use such balls and interesting because the advantages are all the more bigger the smaller the balls; the diameter the balls must be larger than that Thickness of the alumina ceramic support. Whose Thickness is preferably between 1.0 and 1.5 mm; the diameter of the balls is preferably chosen twice the thickness of the beam. Such small balls are - especially if they consist of a ceramic or glass - see above light and have such a low heat capacity, that they are the switching temperature of the bimetal element do not affect.

Grundsätzlich könnte das Bimetallelement eine an der Unterseite des Trägers einseitig angelötete Bimetallfeder sein, vorteilhafter ist es jedoch, statt dessen eine Bimetallschnappscheibe zu verwenden, die von Halterungen, welche am Träger befestigt sind und den Rand des Bimetallelements umgreifen und/oder einen Anschlag für den Rand des Bimetallelements bilden, lose - jedoch unverlierbar - am Träger gehalten ist. Als Halterungen für die Bimetallschnappscheibe eignen sich z.B. auf der Oberseite des Trägers durch Löten befestigte Laschen, welche zur Unterseite des Trägers umgeschlagen sind und dort ähnlich wie Fotoecken die Bimetallscheibe halten. Wenigstens eine der Halterungen ist zweckmässigerweise ein integraler Bestandteil eines der beiden elektrischen Anschlußteile des Schalters und muss deshalb nicht gesondert montiert werden. Vorzugsweise verwendet man in Kombination mit einer solchen Halterung, welche ein integraler Bestandteil eines der beiden elektrischen Anschlußteile ist, als weitere Halterung eine solche mit einem Zapfen, mit dem sie unverlierbar in eine Bohrung des Trägers eingesteckt, insbesondere eingerastet wird. Bei dieser zweiten Halterung kann es sich um ein Spritzgießteil aus Kunststoff handeln. Natürlich ist es auch möglich, die Bimetallscheibe ausschließlich durch solche in den Träger eingesteckte, insbesondere eingerastete Halterungen zu halten. Die Halterungen müssen die Bimetallscheibe nach allen Richtungen gegen ein Herausgleiten sichern. Das gelingt mit nur zwei Halterungen, wenn man das jeweilige Bimetallelement an einem Rand mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Ausnehmungen versieht, in welche jeweils eine Nase der Halterungen eingreift. Umgekehrt könnte man natürlich auch das Bimetallelement an gegenüberliegenden Rändern mit jeweils einer Nase versehen und diese in Ausnehmungen der beiden einander gegenüberliegenden Halterungen eingreifen lassen. Die zuvor genannte Möglichkeit ist jedoch günstiger.In principle, the bimetallic element could be a soldered on one side to the underside of the carrier Be bimetallic spring, but it is more advantageous instead using a bimetallic snap disc that of brackets, which attached to the carrier and encompass the edge of the bimetal element and / or a stop for the edge of the Form bimetal elements, loose - but captive - is held on the carrier. As holders for the Bimetal snap disks are suitable e.g. on the Top of the carrier brackets attached by soldering, which folded over to the underside of the carrier and there are similar to photo corners Hold the bimetal disc. At least one of the brackets is expediently an integral part one of the two electrical connection parts of the switch and therefore does not have to be separate to be assembled. Preferably used in Combination with such a bracket, which an integral part of one of the two electrical Connection parts is, as a further bracket those with a peg with which they are captive inserted into a bore of the carrier, in particular is snapped into place. With this second bracket can be an injection molded part made of plastic act. Of course it is also possible that Bimetallic disc only through such in the Carrier inserted, especially latched Hold brackets. The brackets must be the Bimetallic disc against all directions Secure sliding out. You can do that with just two Brackets if you have the respective bimetallic element on one edge with two opposite one another Provides recesses, in each of which engages a nose of the brackets. Vice versa you could of course also use the bimetal element on opposite edges with each provided a nose and this in recesses of the two opposite brackets intervene. The previously mentioned possibility is cheaper, however.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Verwendung eines Trägers aus einer dünnen Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte besteht darin, dass man ohne Schwierigkeiten beide elektrische Anschlüsse des Schalters an ein und demselben Ende des Trägers anordnen kann; dazu führt man vom Festkontakt eine auf dem Träger aufgedruckte Leiterbahn zu jenem Ende des Trägers, an welchem sich auch das Anschlußteil für die Kontaktfeder befindet.Another advantage of using a carrier from a thin aluminum oxide ceramic plate is that you can both without difficulty electrical connections of the switch to and can arrange the same end of the carrier; to one leads from the fixed contact one on the carrier printed conductor to that end of the carrier, on which the connector for the contact spring is located.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Verwendung einer dünnen Aluminiumoxidkeramikplatte als Träger besteht darin, dass man den Thermobimetallschalter leicht mit einem einstellbaren Widerstand versehen kann. Dazu kann man auf der Unterseite des Trägers eine Widerstandsschicht aufbringen, die an ihrem einen Ende mit einem der elektrischen Anschlußteile des Schalters verbunden ist. Über diese Widerstandsschicht kann man einen Schieber, beispielsweise einen am Träger selbst geführten Federbügel, gleiten lassen, der auf der Oberseite des Trägers auf einer Leiterbahn gleitet, die zu einem weiteren elektrischen Anschlußteil des Schalters führt. Another advantage of using a thin one Alumina ceramic plate as a support in that you can easily switch the bimetallic switch can be equipped with an adjustable resistor. You can do this on the underside of the carrier apply a resistive layer to your one end with one of the electrical connectors of the switch is connected. About this resistance layer you can use a slider, for example a spring clip guided on the support itself, slide that on top of the carrier on a track that slides to a another electrical connector of the switch leads.

Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen:Brief description of the drawings:

Fig. 1Fig. 1
zeigt einen Thermobimetallschalter in der Seitenansicht,shows a bimetallic switch in the side view,
Fig. 2Fig. 2
zeigt denselben Schalter in der Draufsicht,shows the same switch in the Top view,
Fig. 3Fig. 3
zeigt denselben Schalter in der Ansicht auf die Unterseite,shows the same switch in the view to the bottom,
Fg. 4Fig. 4
zeigt einen zweiten Thermobimetallschalter in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht,shows a second bimetallic switch in a partially cut Side view,
Fig. 5Fig. 5
zeigt den Schalter aus Fig. 4 in der Draufsicht,shows the switch of Fig. 4 in the Top view,
Fig. 6Fig. 6
zeigt einen dritten Thermobimetallschalter in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht,shows a third bimetallic switch in a partially cut Side view,
Fig. 7Fig. 7
zeigt den Schalter aus Fig. 6 in der Draufsicht,shows the switch of Fig. 6 in the Top view,
Fig. 8Fig. 8
zeigt einen vierten Thermobimetallschalter in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht,shows a fourth bimetallic switch in a partially cut Side view,
Fig. 9Fig. 9
zeigt den Schalter aus Fig. 8 in der Draufsicht,shows the switch of Fig. 8 in the Top view,
Fig. 10Fig. 10
zeigt einen fünften Thermobimetallschalter in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht,shows a fifth bimetallic switch in a partially cut Side view,
Fig. 11Fig. 11
zeigt den Schalter aus Fig. 10 in der Draufsicht, shows the switch of Fig. 10 in the Top view,
Fig. 12Fig. 12
zeigt als Detail in einem Längsschnitt durch den Träger des Thermobimetallschalters eine andere Ausführungsform einer Halterung für eine Bimetallschnappscheibe, undshows as a detail in a longitudinal section through the support of the bimetallic switch another embodiment a holder for one Bimetallic snap disc, and
Fig. 13Fig. 13
zeigt die Halterung aus Fig. 12 in einem parallel zum Träger des Schalters gelegten Schnitteshows the holder from Fig. 12 in one parallel to the carrier of the Switch placed cuts
Detaillierte Beschreibung der Zeichnungen mit Wegen zur Ausführung der Erfindung:Detailed description of the drawings with ways for carrying out the invention:

In den verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen sind gleiche oder einander entsprechende Teile der Thermobimetallschalter mit übereinstimmenden Bezugszahlen bezeichnet.In the different embodiments are identical or corresponding parts of the Thermobimetal switch with matching Designated reference numbers.

Der in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellte Schalter besteht aus einem dünnen, rechteckigen Träger 1 aus einer Aluminiumoxidkeramik, welcher in der Mitte ein Langloch 2 hat. Der längliche Träger 1 ist an seinen beiden Enden an der Unterseite 1a metallisiert und dort sind deshalb zwei Anschlußfahnen 3 und 4 befestigt, welche an ihrem einen Ende jeweils eine Lötöse 5 haben und an ihrem anderen Ende gabelförmig ausgebildet sind. Die der metallisierten Unterseite 1a des Trägers anliegenden Zinken 6 der Gabel sind mit dem Träger 1 im Tauchbad verlötet. Die der Oberseite des Trägers 1 aufliegenden Zinken 7 der Gabel sind mit dem Träger 1 nicht verlötet.The switch shown in Figs. 1 to 3 consists of a thin, rectangular support 1 made of an aluminum oxide ceramic, which in the Has a slot 2 in the middle. The elongated support 1 is metallized at both ends on the underside 1a and there are therefore two connecting flags 3 and 4 attached, which at one end each have a solder eye 5 and on their other End are fork-shaped. That of the metallized Underside 1a of the carrier tines 6 of the fork are with the carrier 1 in the immersion bath soldered. The top of the carrier 1 overlying tines 7 of the fork are with the Carrier 1 not soldered.

Auf die eine Anschlußfahne 3 ist durch Punktschweißen das eine Ende einer Kontaktfeder 8 aufgeschweißt, welche an ihrem freien Ende ein Kontaktstück 9 trägt. Diesem beweglichen Kontaktstück 9 gegenüberliegend ist auf die andere Anschlußfahne 4 ein Festkontakt 10 aufgeschweißt. Die Kontaktfeder 8 hat ungefähr in der Mitte ein Loch 11, in welchem ein Bolzen 12 aus Kunststoff unverlierbar gehalten ist. Der Bolzen 12 liegt mit einem Kopf 13 auf der Oberseite der Kontaktfeder 8 auf und erstreckt sich durch die Kontaktfeder hindurch nach unten. Sein Schaft ist dabei durch ein zentrales Loch 14 in der Mitte einer Bimetallschnappscheibe 15, welche zwischen dem Träger 1 und der Kontaktfeder 8 angeordnet ist, und durch das Langloch 2 des Trägers 1 hindurchgeführt. Zwischen der Kontaktfeder 8 und der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 ist der Bolzen 12 mit einem ausgedehnten Kragen 16 versehen, welcher einerseits für einen gewissen Abstand und andererseits für eine thermische Abschirmung zwischen der Kontaktfeder 8 und der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 sorgt.On the one terminal lug 3 is by spot welding one end of a contact spring 8 is welded on, which is a contact piece at its free end 9 wears. This moving contact piece 9 is opposite to the other terminal lug 4 a fixed contact 10 is welded on. The contact spring 8 has a hole 11 approximately in the middle which captive a bolt 12 made of plastic is held. The bolt 12 lies with a head 13 on the top of the contact spring 8 and extends through the contact spring below. His shaft is by a central one Hole 14 in the middle of a bimetallic snap disc 15, which between the carrier 1 and the contact spring 8 is arranged, and through the slot 2 of the carrier 1 passed. Between the Contact spring 8 and the bimetallic snap disc 15 is the bolt 12 with an extended collar 16 provided, which on the one hand for a certain Distance and on the other hand for thermal shielding between the contact spring 8 and the Bimetallic snap disk 15 ensures.

Auf der Unterseite 1a des Trägers 1 befindet sich ein Schichtwiderstand 17, welcher durch Leiterbahnen 18 mit den beiden Anschlußfahnen 3 und 4 verbunden ist und somit den Schalter elektrisch überbrückt. Spricht die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 infolge Auftretens einer Temperatur an, die über seiner Schalttemperatur liegt,dann hebt sie die Kontaktfeder 8 an und Strom fließt nur noch über den Schichtwiderstand 17, welcher sich erwärmt, infolgedessen die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 beheizt und verhindert, dass sie in ihre Ausgangslage zurückspringt, in welcher der Schalter schließen würde.Located on the underside 1a of the carrier 1 there is a sheet resistor 17, which by conductor tracks 18 with the two connecting lugs 3 and 4 is connected and thus the switch electrically bridged. Speaks the bimetal snap disc 15 due to the occurrence of a temperature, which is above its switching temperature, then lifts the contact spring 8 and current only flows via the sheet resistor 17, which heats up as a result the bimetallic snap disc 15 heated and prevents them from their starting position jumps back in which the switch would close.

Durch die Stromwärme, welche in der Kontaktfeder 8 erzeugt wird, wird die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 kaum beeinflußt. Dafür sorgt einmal die Abschirmung durch den Kragen 16, aber andererseits auch der Kontakt der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 mit dem Träger 1, wodurch ein Wärmeabfluß vom Bimetallelement auf den Träger 1 erfolgen kann.By the current heat, which is in the contact spring 8 is generated, the bimetallic snap disc 15 hardly influenced. For that takes care of Shielding by the collar 16, but on the other hand also the contact of the bimetallic snap disc 15 with the carrier 1, causing a heat drain from the bimetallic element to the carrier 1 can.

Der in den Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellte Thermobimetallschalter unterscheidet sich von dem in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten vor allem darin, dass die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 nicht auf der Oberseite des Trägers 1 zwischen dem Träger und der Kontaktfeder 8 angeordnet ist, sondern an der Unterseite des Trägers 1 lose durch eine Halterung 20 gehalten ist, welche integraler Bestandteil der einen Anschlußfahne 3 ist, an welcher auch die Kontaktfeder 8 befestigt ist. Diese Anschlußfahne 3 ist ähnlich wie die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Anschlußfahne gabelförmig ausgebildet. Das unbewegliche Ende der Kontaktfeder 8 steckt unter dem oberen Zinken 7 der Gabel der Anschlußfahne 3,und beide sind mit dem Träger 1 verlötet. Der untere Zinken 6 der Gabel 3 ist über die Mitte des Trägers 1 hinaus verlängert und zu einem Gebilde 20 geformt, welches einer Pfanne ähnlich ist, in deren Boden eine große, nahezu von Rand zu Rand erstreckende Ausnehmung 21 vorgesehen ist. An ihren Rändern sind vier hochstehende, gegen die Unterseite 1a des Trägers gerichtete, zu den vier Rändern des Trägers 1 parallele Seitenwände 22, 23, 24 und 25 vorgesehen, von denen die beiden zu den Schmalseiten des Trägers 1 parallelen Wände 24 und 25 die Unterseite 1a des Trägers berühren. Das Gebilde 20 dient als Halterung für die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15, welche eingelegt wird, bevor die Anschlußfahne 3 am Träger 1 befestigt wird. Durch die große Ausnehmung 21 wird gewährleistet, dass die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 ungehindert die Umgebungstemperatur annehmen kann.The thermobimetal switch shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 differs from that in the 1 to 3 shown mainly in that the Bimetal snap disk 15 is not on the top of the carrier 1 between the carrier and the contact spring 8 is arranged, but at the bottom of the carrier 1 loosely through a holder 20 is held, which is an integral part of one Terminal lug 3 is on which also the contact spring 8 is attached. This terminal lug 3 is similar like the terminal lug shown in Fig. 1 fork-shaped. The immovable end the contact spring 8 is under the upper prong 7 the fork of the connecting lug 3, and both are soldered to the carrier 1. The lower tine 6 of the Fork 3 is beyond the center of the carrier 1 extended and formed into a structure 20 which is like a pan, in the bottom of which one large, almost from edge to edge Recess 21 is provided. On their edges are four upright, against the bottom 1a of the wearer, towards the four edges of the Beam 1 parallel side walls 22, 23, 24 and 25 provided, of which the two face the narrow sides of the carrier 1 parallel walls 24 and 25 touch the underside 1a of the carrier. The structure 20 serves as a holder for the bimetallic snap disk 15, which is inserted before the terminal lug 3 is attached to the carrier 1. By the large recess 21 ensures that the bimetallic snap disk 15 unhindered Can reach ambient temperature.

Um die beim Überschreiten der Schalttemperatur auftretende Schnapp-Bewegung der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 auf die Kontaktfeder 8 übertragen zu können , ist in der Mitte des Trägers 1 ein durchgehendes, zylindrisches Loch 26 vorgesehen, in welchem ein zylindrischer Stößel 27 mit linsenförmigem Kopf 28 steckt. Bei dem Stößel kann es sich um ein Spritzgießteil aus Kunststoff handeln. Der Schaftdurchmesser des Stößels soll nur wenig kleiner sein als der Durchmesser des Lochs 26, um eine weitgehend spielfreie Führung des Stößels 27 in dem Loch 26 zu gewährleisten.If the switching temperature is exceeded occurring snap movement of the bimetal snap disk 15 transferred to the contact spring 8 to be able to, is in the middle of the carrier 1 continuous cylindrical hole 26 is provided, in which a cylindrical plunger 27 with a lenticular Head 28 is stuck. With the pestle it can are an injection molded part made of plastic. The stem diameter of the ram should be only a little be smaller than the diameter of the hole 26 in order a largely play-free guidance of the plunger 27 to ensure in the hole 26.

Die über den Kopf 28 des Stößels 27 hinwegführende Kontaktfeder gewährleistet, dass der Stößel. 27 zwar beweglich, aber unverlierbar gehalten wird.The leading over the head 28 of the plunger 27 Contact spring ensures that the plunger. 27 movable, but held captive becomes.

Die Schaftlänge des Stößels 27 ist so bemessen, dass dann, wenn die Temperatur der Bimetallschnappscheibe unterhalb ihrer Schalttemperatur liegt und die Bimetallschnappscheibe nach unten gewölbt ist, wie es die Fig. 4 in durchgezogenen Linien zeigt, der Stößels 27 nicht ganz bis zur Bimetallschnappscheibe hinabreicht. Übersteigt jedoch die Temperatur der Bimetallschnappscheibe ihre Schalttemperatur, dann kehrt sich ihre Wölbung um, wie es in Fig. 4 gestrichelt dargestellt ist, und dadurch hebt sie den Stößel 27 und dieser die Kontaktfeder 8 an, so dass das an deren Spitze vorgesehene Kontaktstück 9 vom Festkontakt 10 abgehoben wird.The shaft length of the plunger 27 is dimensioned that when the temperature of the bimetallic snap disc below their switching temperature lies and the bimetallic snap disc down is curved, as shown in Fig. 4 in solid Lines shows the plunger 27 not quite up to Bimetallic snap disk reaches down. However, exceeds the temperature of the bimetallic snap disc their switching temperature, then their curvature reverses um, as shown in dashed lines in Fig. 4, and thereby it raises the plunger 27 and this the Contact spring 8, so that at the top provided contact piece 9 from the fixed contact 10 is lifted off.

Der in den Fig, 6 und 7 dargestellte Thermobimetallschalter unterscheidet sich von dem in den Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellten Schalter im wesentlichen in der Ausbildung der Anschlußfahnen und der Halterung für die Bimetallschnappscheibe. Die beiden Anschlußfahnen 3 und 4 sind nicht gabelförmig ausgebildet, sondern an den zur Befestigung am Träger 1 bestimmten Enden zur Bildung eines ungefähr C-förmigen Gebildes an einer Seite zweifach abgewinkelt. Mit diesem ungefähr C-förmigen Gebilde umgreifen die Anschlußfahnen 3 und 4 den Träger 1 von der Seite her und sind mit ihm verlötet. Dabei befindet sich das unbewegliche Ende der Kontaktfeder 8 wiederum zwischen dem Träger und dem darauf liegenden, umgebogenen Schenkel 30 der Anschlußfahne 3, und der entsprechende Schenkel 31 der gegenüberliegenden Anschlußfahne trägt den Festkontakt 10.The bimetallic switch shown in Figs. 6 and 7 differs from that in the 4 and 5 switch shown substantially in the formation of the connecting flags and the Bracket for the bimetallic snap disc. The two Terminal lugs 3 and 4 are not fork-shaped trained, but to attach to the Carrier 1 has certain ends to form an approximate C-shaped structure on one side twice angled. With this roughly C-shaped Formations encompass the connecting lugs 3 and 4 Carrier 1 from the side and are with it soldered. There is the immovable End of the contact spring 8 in turn between the Carrier and the bent over it Leg 30 of the terminal lug 3, and the corresponding Leg 31 of the opposite terminal lug carries the fixed contact 10.

Die Halterung für die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 ist nur zu einem Teil durch die Anschlußfahne 3 gebildet, und zwar ist diese mit einem stufenförmig abgewinkelten Fortsatz 32 versehen; diesem gegenüberliegend befindet sich im Träger 1 ein zweites durchgehendes Loch 33 , in welches von oben her ein Halteteil 34 eingesteckt ist; es handelt sich dabei um einen Zapfen mit einem auf der Oberseite des Trägers 1 aufliegenden,flachen Kopf 35 und einem Schaft 36, welcher unterhalb des Trägers 1 eine flache Ausnehmung 37 hat, welche dem Fortsatz 32 der Anschlußfahne 3 zugewandt ist. Die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 liegt mit ihrem einen Ende in dem zwischen der Unterseite 1a des Trägers und dem Fortsatz 32 gebildeten Spalt und mit ihrem gegenüberliegenden Ende in der Ausnehmung 37 des Zapfens 34. Um die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 unverlierbar zu halten, ist an ihrem einen Ende eine Ausnehmung 38 vorgesehen, in welche der Zapfen 34 eingreift, so dass die Bimetallschnappscheibe nicht zur Seite aus der Ausnehmung 37 herausschwenken kann. Am gegenüberliegenden Rand der Bimetallschnappscheibe ist ein Herausschwenken aus dem Bereich des Fortsatzes 32 dadurch verhindert, dass die Bimetallschnappscheibe dort einen zur Schmalseite des Trägers 1 parallelen Rand 39 hat, welcher sich nahezu über die gesamte Breite des Trägers 1 erstreckt und in geringem Abstand vor der senkrecht zum Träger 1 abgewinkelten Wand 32a des Fortsatzes 32 verläuft.The bracket for the bimetallic snap disc 15 is only partially through the connecting lug 3rd formed, and that is with a step-shaped angled extension 32 provided; opposite this there is a second one in carrier 1 through hole 33, into which from above forth a holding part 34 is inserted; It is about a pin with one on the top of the support 1 lying flat head 35 and a shaft 36 which is underneath the carrier 1 has a flat recess 37 which the extension 32 facing the connecting lug 3. The Bimetallic snap disk 15 lies with one End in between the bottom 1a of the carrier and the extension 32 formed gap and with its opposite end in the recess 37 of the pin 34. Around the bimetallic snap disc Keeping 15 captive is hers a recess 38 is provided at one end, in which the pin 34 engages so that the bimetallic snap disc not to the side of the recess 37 can swing out. On the opposite The edge of the bimetallic snap disc is a Swing out of the area of the extension 32 thereby prevents the bimetallic snap disc there one to the narrow side of the carrier 1 has parallel edge 39, which is almost over extends the entire width of the carrier 1 and in short distance in front of the perpendicular to the carrier 1 angled wall 32a of the extension 32 extends.

Die als Zapfen ausgebildete Halterung 34 erlaubt eine einfache Montage der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15. Der Zapfen kann einfach in sein Loch 33 hineingesteckt werden und ist darin durch die darüber hinwegführende Kontaktfeder 8 unverlierbar gehalten. Vorzugsweise sorgt man jedoch dafür, dass er in seinem Loch 33 festsitzt, beispielsweise dadurch, dass man seinen Durchmesser dem Durchmesser des Loches eng anpaßt.The bracket 34 designed as a pin allows easy assembly of the bimetallic snap disc 15. The pin can simply be in its hole 33 are inserted and is in it by the contact spring 8 leading over it cannot be lost held. However, it is preferable to ensure that he's stuck in his hole 33, for example by having its diameter closely matches the diameter of the hole.

Der in den Fig. 8 und 9 dargestellte Thermobimetallschalter unterscheidet sich von dem in den Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellten Schalter im wesentlichen durch die andere Ausbildung der Anschlußfahnen und der Halterung der Bimetallschnappscheibe. Die beiden Anschlußfahnen 3 und 4 sind im wesentlichen gleich ausgebildet, und zwar im wesentlichen so wie die Anschlußfahne 4 in Fig. 4 und 5. Keine der beiden Anschlußfahnen 3 und 4 dient zur Halterung der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15. Dafür sind vielmehr zwei gesonderte Halterungen 40 vorgesehen, welche in ähnlicher Weise zapfenförmig ausgebildet sind wie die Halterung 34 in Fig. 6. Die beiden Halterungen 40 haben einen flachen Kopf 45, welcher auf der Oberseite des Trägers 1 aufliegt, einen Schaft 46, mit welchem sie sich durch ihr jeweiliges Loch 43 im Träger 1 hindurch erstrecken, einen Kragen 44, welcher der Unterseite 1a des Trägers anliegt, und eine keilförmige Ausnehmung 47 im Schaft 46 unterhalb des Kragens 44. Bei den Halterungen 40 kann es sich um Spritzgießteile aus Kunststoff handeln, die zunächst ohne den Kopf 45 hergestellt, von unten her bis zum Kragen 44 in ihr jeweiliges Loch 43 eingesteckt und dann durch thermoplastisches Umformen ihres nach oben vorstehenden Endes zu einem Kopf 45 unverlierbar im Träger 1 befestigt werden. Die beiden Halterungen werden so angeordnet, dass sich die beiden keilförmigen Ausnehmungen 47 höhengleich gegenüberliegen zur Aufnahme der beiden einander gegenüberliegenden Ränder 49 der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15, welche beide mit einer Ausnehmung 48 - entsprechend der Ausnehmung 38 in Fig. 7 - versehen sind, in welche die Halterungen 40 eingreifen und verhindern, dass die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 verloren geht.The bimetallic switch shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 differs from that in the 4 and 5 switch shown substantially through the other formation of the connecting lugs and the bracket of the bimetallic snap disc. The two lugs 3 and 4 are essentially trained the same way, essentially as the terminal lug 4 in Fig. 4 and 5. None the two connecting lugs 3 and 4 are used for mounting the bimetallic snap disc 15 rather two separate brackets 40 are provided, which is cone-shaped in a similar manner are like the bracket 34 in Fig. 6. The both brackets 40 have a flat head 45, which rests on the top of the carrier 1, a shaft 46, with which they pass through extend their respective hole 43 in the carrier 1, a collar 44 which is the bottom 1a of the carrier rests, and a wedge-shaped recess 47 in the shaft 46 below the collar 44. The brackets 40 can be Injection molded plastic parts act first made without the head 45, from bottom to inserted into the respective hole 43 for the collar 44 and then by thermoplastic forming their upward ending into one Head 45 captively fastened in the carrier 1 become. The two brackets are arranged so that the two wedge-shaped recesses 47 opposite each other for the same height of the two opposite each other Edges 49 of the bimetallic snap disk 15, which both with a recess 48 - accordingly the recess 38 in Fig. 7 - are provided in which engage and prevent the brackets 40 that the bimetallic snap disk 15 is lost goes.

In weiterer Abwandlung des in Fig. 4 dargestellten Schalters hat der in Fig. 8 dargestellte Schalter zwischen der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 und der Kontaktfeder 8 einen Stößel 27, der oberhalb seines Kopfes 28 einen zylindrischen Fortsatz 41 hat, der mit etwas Spiel durch ein Loch in der Kontaktfeder 8 hindurchgreift und dadurch zu einer verbesserten Zentrierung führt.In a further modification of that shown in Fig. 4 Switch has the one shown in Fig. 8 Switch between the bimetallic snap disc 15 and the contact spring 8 a plunger 27, the above his head 28 has a cylindrical extension 41 has some play through a hole in the Contact spring 8 passes through and thereby to a leads to improved centering.

Der in den Fig. 10 und 11 dargestellte Thermobimetallschalter hat eine Anschlußfahne 4, die im wesentlichen so aussieht wie die Anschlußfahne 4 in den Fig. 1 bis 3, und hat eine Anschlußfahne 3, die im wesentlichen so aussieht, wie jene in den Fig. 1 bis 3, aber zusätzlich einen zur Halerung der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 dienenden Fortsatz 32 hat wie die in Fig. 6 dargestellte Anschlußfahne 3.In entsprechender Weise wie der in Fig. 6 dargestellte Schalter hat der in Fig. 10 dargestellte Schalter eine weitere zapfenförmige Halterung 54, welche mit einem längsgeschlitzen, in der Nähe seines einen Endes hinterschnitten ausgeführten Schaft 56 in ein durchgehendes Loch 33 des Trägers 1 eingerastet ist. Dabei ist die Halterung 54 von unten her bis zu einem Bund 55 in das Loch 33 eingeschoben. An den Bund 55 schließt ein flacher Kopf 57 an. Die Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 ist im Einwirkungsbereich der Halterung 54 mit einer Ausnehmung 38 wie im Beispiel der Fig. 6 und 7 versehen, in welche die Halterung 54 mit dem Bund 55 eingreift.The thermobimetal switch shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 has a connecting lug 4, which in essentially looks like the connecting lug 4 1 to 3, and has a connecting lug 3, which looks essentially like that in the Fig. 1 to 3, but also one for the support of Bimetal snap disk 15 serving extension 32 has as in Fig. 6 terminal lug 3.In corresponding to that shown in FIG. 6 Switch has the switch shown in Fig. 10 another pin-shaped bracket 54, which with a slit near his an end undercut shaft 56 snapped into a through hole 33 of the carrier 1 is. The bracket 54 is from below here up to a collar 55 inserted into the hole 33. A flat head connects to the collar 55 57 at. The bimetallic snap disk 15 is in the area of action the bracket 54 with a recess 38 as in the example of FIGS. 6 and 7 provided, in which the bracket 54 with the Collar 55 engages.

Anstelle der Halterung 54 in Fig. 10 und anstelle der Halterung 34 in Fig. 6 und anstelle der Halterungen 40 in Fig. 8 könnte man auch Halterungen verwenden, wie sie in Fig. 12 und 13 dargestellt sind. Diese Halterungen unterscheiden sich von der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Halterung darin, dass in der Ausnehmung 37 ein halbrunder, der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 zugewandter und in deren Ausnehmung 38 eingreifender Vorsprung vorgesehen ist.Instead of the bracket 54 in Fig. 10 and instead the bracket 34 in Fig. 6 and instead of Mounts 40 in Fig. 8 could also be mounts use as shown in Figs. 12 and 13 are. These brackets differ of the holder shown in Fig. 6 therein, that in the recess 37 a semicircular, the Bimetallic snap disk 15 facing and in their Recess 38 engaging projection provided is.

Von den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen unterscheidet sich der in den Fig. 10 und 11 dargestellte Thermobimetallschalter noch wesentlich darin, dass die Bewegung der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 nicht durch einen Stößel, sondern durch eine kleine Kugel auf die Kontaktfeder 8 übertragen wird. Die Kugel 58 befindet sich in dem zylindrischen Loch 26 des Trägers, dessen Durchmesser etwas größer ist als der Durchmesser der Kugel 58. Darüberhinaus ist der Durchmesser der Kugel 58 so gewählt und auf die Lage der Kontaktfeder 8 und der Bimetallschnappscheibe 15 abgestimmt, dass die Kugel sowohl bei geschlossenem als auch bei geöffnetem Schalter unverlierbar in dem durch die Bimetallschnappscheibe, das Loch 26 im Träger und die Kontaktfeder 8 gebildeten Käfig gehalten ist. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Durchmesser der Kugel 58 ungefähr das Doppelte der Dicke des Trägers 1. Zweckmässigerweise besteht die Kugel aus Glas oder aus einem keramischen Werkstoff. Solche Kugeln lassen sich sehr genau herstellen und leicht einsetzen und begünstigen eng tolerierte Schalttemperaturen bei Schaltern einer Serie.From the previous embodiments differs from that in FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrated bimetallic switch still essential in that the movement of the bimetallic snap disc 15 not by a pestle, but through a small ball on the contact spring 8 is transmitted. The ball 58 is in the cylindrical hole 26 of the carrier, its diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the Ball 58. In addition, the diameter of the Ball 58 selected and on the position of the contact spring 8 and the bimetallic snap disc 15 matched, that the ball both when closed as well as captive when the switch is open through the bimetallic snap disc, the hole 26 formed in the carrier and the contact spring 8 Cage is held. The is preferably Ball 58 diameter about twice the thickness of the carrier 1. Conveniently the ball of glass or of a ceramic Material. Such balls can be very Precise manufacture and easy to use and favor narrowly tolerated switching temperatures for switches a series.

Claims (23)

  1. A bimetal thermoswitch comprising an electrically insulating, flat carrier (1), a contact spring (8), which conducts the current to be switched and which at one end is secured to the upper side of the carrier (1) and at its other end carries a contact element (9) which is movable under the action of a bimetal element (15) and cooperates with a fixed contact (10), and at least two electric terminals (34), which are secured to the carrier (1), are electrically connected to the fixed contact (10) which is mounted on the carrier (1), and to the contact spring (8) respectively,
    the bimetal element (15) being a snap-action bimetal plate separated from the contact spring (8) and having a preselected switching temperature,
    characterized in that the carrier (1) consists of a thin alumina ceramic slab and is provided with conducting strips (18) and with a resistor (17) which electrically shunts the switch, and/or with a series resistor (60), for which purpose the alumina ceramic slab is provided at its underside with a resistor layer thus forming a thick-film resistor.
  2. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the carrier (1) is metallized in part.
  3. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 2,
    characterized in that the electric terminals (3, 4) are forked and their forks have been fitted on and soldered to separate metallized portions of the carrier (1).
  4. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the carrier (1) is additionally provided with electric components (60) and/or sensors and particularly is coated with one or a plurality of film resistors (17, 60).
  5. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the series resistor (60) is connected at one end to one of the two terminals (3, 4), which are associated with the two switch contacts (9, 10), and at the other end is connected to a third terminal on the carrier (1) or to the contact spring (8).
  6. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 4,
    characterized in that the carrier (1) carries a fusible wire (60), which is connected in series to the switch contacts (9, 10).
  7. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 4,
    characterized in that it constitutes a hybrid switch because an electronic circuit is provided on the carrier (1).
  8. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 1,
    characterized in that a snap-action bimetal plate (15) for actuating the contact spring (8) is provided between the latter and the carrier (1) and a pin (12) made of plastic is provided, which serves to center and captivate said snap-action bimetal plate (15) and extends with a clearance through a hole (14) in the snap-action bimetal plate (15) and is either secured to the contact spring (8) and protrudes with a clearance through a hole (2) in the carrier (1) or is secured to the carrier (1) and extends with a clearance through a hole in the contact spring (8).
  9. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 1,
    characterized in that a snap-action bimetal plate (15) for actuating the contact spring (8) is disposed between the latter and the carrier (1) and the contact spring (8) is provided with an extension, which serves to center and captivate said plate and has particularly been formed by deep-drawing and extends with a clearance through a hole (14) in the snap-action bimetal plate (15) and through a hole (2) in the carrier.
  10. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 8,
    characterized in that the pin (12) has a collar (16), which is disposed between and spaces apart the contact spring (8) and the snap-action bimetal plate (15).
  11. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 8,
    characterized in that a plastic member (12), which insulates the bimetal plate (15) and the contact spring (8) from each other, has been inserted into a hole in the bimetal plate (15) or into a hole (11) in the contact spring (8).
  12. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterized in that the collar (16) of the pin (12) or the plastic element is designed to have a large surface for thermally shielding the snap-action bimetal plate (15) from the contact spring (8).
  13. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the fixed contact (10) and the contact spring (8) provided with the movable contact element (9) are disposed on one side of the carrier (1) and the bimetal element (15) is provided on that side of the carrier (1) which faces away from the fixed contact (10) and the contact spring (8), and
    the carrier (1) has a hole (26), which is disposed between the contact spring (8) and the bimetal element (15) and which contains an actuating element (27, 58), which transmits a movement of the bimetal element (15) to the contact spring (8).
  14. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 13,
    characterized in that the actuating element is a push rod (27), which is axially movably guided in the cylindrical hole (26) in the carrier (1).
  15. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 14,
    characterized in that the push rod (27) has a head (28) or collar, which is disposed between the carrier (1) and the contact spring (8) and is larger in diameter than the hole in the carrier (1).
  16. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 15,
    characterized in that the contact spring (8) has a hole (42), which is aligned with the hole (26) in the carrier (1), and the push rod (27) has an extension (41) that extends through the hole (42) in the contact spring (8).
  17. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 13,
    characterized in that the actuating element is a ball (58), which is loosely held in a cage which is constituted by the contact spring (8), the bimetal element (9) and the hole (26) in the carrier (1).
  18. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 17,
    characterized in that the ball (58) is made of glass or a ceramic material.
  19. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 13,
    characterized in that the bimetal element (15) is a plate, which is loosely - but captively - held on the carrier (1) by holders (20, 32, 34, 40, 54), which are secured to the carrier (1) and embrace the edge of the bimetal element (15) and /or constitute a stop for the edge of the bimetal element (15).
  20. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 19,
    characterized in that at least one of said holders (20, 32) is an integral part of one of the electric terminals (3, 4).
  21. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 19,
    characterized in that at least one of said holders (34, 40, 54) comprises a pin, by which said holder has been captively inserted into a hole (33, 43) in the carrier (1) and in particular is snap fastened therein.
  22. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 19,
    characterized in that the bimetal element (15) is provided at its edge with one or more recesses (38, 48), which receive respective ones of the holders (34, 40, 54).
  23. A bimetal thermoswitch according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the alumina ceramic slab (1) has a thickness between 1 mm and 1.5 mm.
EP86906334A 1985-11-07 1986-11-07 Thermostatic bimetal switch Expired - Lifetime EP0246255B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3539425 1985-11-07
DE19853539425 DE3539425A1 (en) 1985-11-07 1985-11-07 THERMOBI METAL SWITCH
PCT/EP1986/000642 WO1987003137A2 (en) 1985-11-07 1986-11-07 Thermostatic bimetal switch

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0246255A1 EP0246255A1 (en) 1987-11-25
EP0246255B1 EP0246255B1 (en) 1994-06-08
EP0246255B2 true EP0246255B2 (en) 2001-08-22

Family

ID=6285332

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86906334A Expired - Lifetime EP0246255B2 (en) 1985-11-07 1986-11-07 Thermostatic bimetal switch
EP86201993A Pending EP0224950A3 (en) 1985-11-07 1986-11-07 Thermostatic switch with a bimetallic element

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86201993A Pending EP0224950A3 (en) 1985-11-07 1986-11-07 Thermostatic switch with a bimetallic element

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4847587A (en)
EP (2) EP0246255B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS63501833A (en)
DE (3) DE3539425A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2059310T5 (en)
WO (1) WO1987003137A2 (en)

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US4423401A (en) * 1982-07-21 1983-12-27 Tektronix, Inc. Thin-film electrothermal device
DE8223614U1 (en) * 1982-08-21 1985-05-09 Limitor AG, 8022 Zürich Bimetal circuit breaker
DE3319227A1 (en) * 1983-05-27 1984-11-29 Microtherm Gmbh, 7530 Pforzheim THERMAL SWITCH
DE3331847A1 (en) * 1983-09-03 1985-03-21 Inter Control Hermann Köhler Elektrik GmbH & Co KG, 8500 Nürnberg Cable drum
US4626818A (en) * 1983-11-28 1986-12-02 Centralab, Inc. Device for programmable thick film networks
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US4591820A (en) * 1984-11-13 1986-05-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Thermostatic electric switch and thermal biasing assembly therefor
US4591822A (en) * 1984-11-30 1986-05-27 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Bimetal thermostat with head collector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0224950A2 (en) 1987-06-10
DE3539425A1 (en) 1987-05-14
DE8690150U1 (en) 1987-11-19
ES2059310T3 (en) 1994-11-16
DE3539425C2 (en) 1989-06-22
ES2059310T5 (en) 2002-01-16
EP0224950A3 (en) 1987-11-25
JPS63501833A (en) 1988-07-21
US4847587A (en) 1989-07-11
DE3689906D1 (en) 1994-07-14
EP0246255B1 (en) 1994-06-08
EP0246255A1 (en) 1987-11-25
WO1987003137A3 (en) 1987-08-13
JPH0426171B2 (en) 1992-05-06
WO1987003137A2 (en) 1987-05-21

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