EP0246162A1 - Verfahren zum Sintern von Pulvermaterial in einem Durchlaufofen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Sintern von Pulvermaterial in einem Durchlaufofen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0246162A1 EP0246162A1 EP87401098A EP87401098A EP0246162A1 EP 0246162 A1 EP0246162 A1 EP 0246162A1 EP 87401098 A EP87401098 A EP 87401098A EP 87401098 A EP87401098 A EP 87401098A EP 0246162 A1 EP0246162 A1 EP 0246162A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sintering
- powder
- furnace
- hydrogen
- atmosphere
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000005139 Lycium andersonii Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002371 helium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/001—Starting from powder comprising reducible metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1143—Making porous workpieces or articles involving an oxidation, reduction or reaction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintering process in a continuous furnace of a powder material containing oxygen in the form of oxide and / or in adsorbed form, in which the oxygen present is reduced during a first step pre-sintering, and then ensures the cohesion of the material during a second sintering step.
- Sintering operations are generally carried out in continuous ovens under a controlled atmosphere. More and more nitrogen-based atmospheres are used in these sintering furnaces to replace the atmospheres generated by exothermic generators or by ammonia crackers, on the one hand because the flow control of synthetic atmospheres is more easy and on the other hand, because their composition can be modified according to the characteristics of the process. Furthermore, the exothermic generators have a very variable dew point and it is necessary to have a large quantity of hydrogen in the atmosphere of the furnace, in order to maintain the reducing nature of this atmosphere and avoid the oxidation of the powder. or the support on which it is sintered.
- a commonly used protective atmosphere contains inert gases such as nitrogen and reactive gases capable of reducing oxides, such as hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide.
- the purpose of the pre-sintering step in particular in the absence of a binder between the different grains of powder, is intended to reduce the oxides present in the powder and generally, to reduce the oxygen present in the layer of powder. It is therefore necessary that the atmosphere contains the reducing qualities required.
- the purpose of the sintering step is in particular to increase intergranular cohesion as well as the diffusion at the interface of the grains and of the support when the sintering is carried out on a separate support.
- This sintering step also requires an atmosphere of a reducing nature, avoiding the entry of air into the hot zone and the oxidation of the powder which would slow down the sintering of the latter.
- the pre-sintering step was the step of the process on which the productivity of a production line depended, for a determined quality of sintering.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to determine the total flow rate of synthetic gas in the pre-sintering oven as a function of the speed of advance of the material in the oven, this speed being the same in the pre-sintering oven and in the sintering oven.
- the parameter P (H2) f is the lowest value measured at a point in the furnace corresponding to the total reduction of the oxides, the flow of atmosphere being sufficient to ensure the complete reduction of the oxides as well as a sintering and an adhesion corresponding to a predetermined value.
- the parameter X (O2) i is measured according to the usual techniques for assaying oxygen in a pulverulent mixture.
- the coefficient ⁇ is determined in the following manner: a nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere is injected in the usual manner into the sintering furnace, for example in the manner usually carried out with an exothermic generator. Is added to the injected gas, for example 5%, by volume of a "tracer" gas such as helium, during a determined time interval, for example 10 minutes. The evolution of the rate of helium in the gas escaping from the oven as a function of time is recorded at the inlet and at the outlet of the oven. This helium level is integrated as a function of the time at the inlet and at the outlet of the furnace, respectively (He) i and (He) o . The coefficient ⁇ is equal to (He) i / ((He) i + (He) o ).
- S P represents the mean section of the parts in the plane perpendicular to the oven mat.
- a layer of 0.9 mm of powder is deposited containing 73% copper, 23% lead and 4% tin.
- the width of the support on which the powder is deposited is 200 mm, the density of the powder is 5.2 T / M3 and the percentage of oxygen in the powder is 0.28%.
- the ribbon advances at speed V S in the oven, consisting of a 30-meter long pre-sintering oven at a temperature of 820 ° C, at the outlet of which the ribbon and the powder are laminated between two steel cylinders, then introduced into the sintering oven (30 meters in length - 820 ° C), each pre-sintering and sintering oven has a cooling zone of 10 meters in length ("water-jacket" type) .
- the atmosphere is injected into the pre-sintering and sintering furnaces near the junction of the hot and cooling zones.
- the flow rate of 30m3 / h of atmosphere containing 10% of H2 by volume is maintained by 90% of N2 by volume.
- By placing slightly below this speed (around 160 m / h), it is verified that a material is obtained having the predetermined sintering qualities identical to those obtained using an exothermic generator generating an atmosphere containing 10% of hydrogen. , 8% CO, 6% CO2 and 76% N2, at a flow rate of 30 m3 / hour, both at the pre-sintering oven and at the sintering oven, but with a feed rate of material about 110 m / h.
- the gain in speed of the process according to the invention is therefore around 50%.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to accelerate the speed (at constant speed) or to reduce the flow (at constant speed) in the pre-sintering furnace, but also makes it possible to reduce the gas flow in the sintering furnace with an atmosphere containing less hydrogen, which overall results in a significant reduction in production costs.
- Such tapes can be used as self-lubricating pads.
- the width of the support on which the powder is deposited is 150 mm, the density of the powder is 0.8 T / M3 and the percentage of oxygen in the powder is 0.18%.
- the ribbon advances at speed V S in the oven, consisting of a hot zone at the temperature of 1040 ° C, 4 m in length, followed by a cold zone of the "water-jacket" type.
- the atmosphere is injected into the oven at the junction between the hot zone and the cold zone as well as at the end of the cold zone. It consists of 10% hydrogen and 90% nitrogen.
- the coefficient ⁇ is determined as indicated above: the measured value is 20%.
- the flow rate of 6 m3 / h of atmosphere containing 10% of H2 by volume is maintained by 90% of N2 by volume.
- a material is obtained having the predetermined sintering qualities identical to those obtained using an ammonia cracker-burner. generating an atmosphere containing 10% hydrogen, and 90% nitrogen at a flow rate of 6 m3 / hour, but with a material advance speed of approximately 80 m / h.
- Such tapes can be used as porous electrodes for alkaline batteries.
Landscapes
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87401098T ATE50936T1 (de) | 1986-05-16 | 1987-05-15 | Verfahren zum sintern von pulvermaterial in einem durchlaufofen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8607067 | 1986-05-16 | ||
| FR8607067A FR2598641B1 (fr) | 1986-05-16 | 1986-05-16 | Procede de frittage dans un four continu de materiau en poudre |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0246162A1 true EP0246162A1 (de) | 1987-11-19 |
| EP0246162B1 EP0246162B1 (de) | 1990-03-14 |
Family
ID=9335326
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87401098A Expired - Lifetime EP0246162B1 (de) | 1986-05-16 | 1987-05-15 | Verfahren zum Sintern von Pulvermaterial in einem Durchlaufofen |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4713215A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0246162B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS62274003A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE50936T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU587757B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8702497A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3761881D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2013767B3 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2598641B1 (de) |
| GR (1) | GR3000295T3 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT84873B (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA873505B (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0421084A1 (de) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-04-10 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung eines Werkstücks |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3167313B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-24 | 2001-05-21 | シチズン時計株式会社 | 部品の製造方法 |
| US6856051B2 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2005-02-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Manufacturing method and composite powder metal rotor assembly for circumferential type interior permanent magnet machine |
| US6655004B2 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2003-12-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of making a powder metal rotor for a surface |
| US6675460B2 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2004-01-13 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of making a powder metal rotor for a synchronous reluctance machine |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4190440A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1980-02-26 | American Can Company | Process for fabricating steel from ferrous metal particles |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3888663A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1975-06-10 | Federal Mogul Corp | Metal powder sintering process |
| US3979234A (en) * | 1975-09-18 | 1976-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Process for fabricating articles of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy |
| US4137106A (en) * | 1976-07-26 | 1979-01-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Super hard metal roll assembly and production thereof |
| JPS5420909A (en) * | 1977-07-17 | 1979-02-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method of apparatus for sintering supper hard alloy |
| US4139375A (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1979-02-13 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for sintering powder metal parts |
| CA1190418A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1985-07-16 | Nobuhito Kuroishi | Process for producing sintered ferrous alloys |
| US4436696A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1984-03-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for providing a uniform carbon distribution in ferrous compacts at high temperatures |
| JPS5839707A (ja) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-03-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 粉末成形体の高密度焼結法 |
-
1986
- 1986-05-16 FR FR8607067A patent/FR2598641B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-05-14 AU AU72937/87A patent/AU587757B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-05-15 ZA ZA873505A patent/ZA873505B/xx unknown
- 1987-05-15 AT AT87401098T patent/ATE50936T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-05-15 PT PT84873A patent/PT84873B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-05-15 BR BR8702497A patent/BR8702497A/pt unknown
- 1987-05-15 JP JP62117207A patent/JPS62274003A/ja active Pending
- 1987-05-15 DE DE8787401098T patent/DE3761881D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-15 EP EP87401098A patent/EP0246162B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-15 US US06/049,850 patent/US4713215A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-15 ES ES87401098T patent/ES2013767B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-15 GR GR89400323T patent/GR3000295T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4190440A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1980-02-26 | American Can Company | Process for fabricating steel from ferrous metal particles |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0421084A1 (de) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-04-10 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung eines Werkstücks |
| US5174952A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1992-12-29 | Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. | Process for the powder-metallurgical production of a workpiece |
| CH681516A5 (de) * | 1989-09-13 | 1993-04-15 | Asea Brown Boveri |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU587757B2 (en) | 1989-08-24 |
| FR2598641B1 (fr) | 1988-08-26 |
| BR8702497A (pt) | 1988-02-23 |
| ATE50936T1 (de) | 1990-03-15 |
| GR3000295T3 (en) | 1991-03-15 |
| EP0246162B1 (de) | 1990-03-14 |
| JPS62274003A (ja) | 1987-11-28 |
| DE3761881D1 (de) | 1990-04-19 |
| ZA873505B (en) | 1987-11-09 |
| ES2013767B3 (es) | 1990-06-01 |
| US4713215A (en) | 1987-12-15 |
| FR2598641A1 (fr) | 1987-11-20 |
| PT84873A (fr) | 1987-06-01 |
| PT84873B (pt) | 1990-02-08 |
| AU7293787A (en) | 1987-11-19 |
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