EP0244798A1 - Convertisseur catalytique pour moteurs diesel - Google Patents

Convertisseur catalytique pour moteurs diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0244798A1
EP0244798A1 EP87106425A EP87106425A EP0244798A1 EP 0244798 A1 EP0244798 A1 EP 0244798A1 EP 87106425 A EP87106425 A EP 87106425A EP 87106425 A EP87106425 A EP 87106425A EP 0244798 A1 EP0244798 A1 EP 0244798A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bends
engine
strip
exhaust gas
converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87106425A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard C. Cornelison
William B. Retallick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co Conn
Original Assignee
WR Grace and Co Conn
WR Grace and Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WR Grace and Co Conn, WR Grace and Co filed Critical WR Grace and Co Conn
Publication of EP0244798A1 publication Critical patent/EP0244798A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F01N3/032—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start during filter regeneration only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F01N3/2814—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates all sheets, plates or foils being corrugated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F01N3/2817—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates only with non-corrugated sheets, plates or foils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
    • F01N2330/04—Methods of manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/38—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details flow channels with means to enhance flow mixing,(e.g. protrusions or projections)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2390/00—Arrangements for controlling or regulating exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2390/02—Arrangements for controlling or regulating exhaust apparatus using electric components only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • This invention discloses a catalytic converter for a diesel engine. More specifically, it discloses a catalytic converter that traps out the particulates in the exhaust gas and retains the particul­lates so that they can be burned off intermittently. Then the cata­lytic converter is again loaded with trapped particulates that are burned off at the end of the next cycle.
  • Catalytic converters are now standard equipment on gasoline pow­ered automobiles, and their practicality for gasoline engines is well demonstrated.
  • Catalytic converters for diesel engines pose different problems from those encountered with gasoline engines. Diesel exhaust is cooler than the exhaust from a gasoline engine, especially when the diesel engine is idling or running at low power output. Sometimes the diesel exhaust is so cool that a catalytic converter cannot light off and burn the easily-combustible carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust. Even when the diesel engine is running at high power output, the exhaust is seldom hot enough to burn the particulates therein. The particulates would pass through the converter and add to the suspended solids in the atmosphere. It is especially important to remove these diesel particulates because they are suspected of being carcinogenic.
  • the face of the honeycomb was a square grid, like a checkerboard, but with very small squares, say, 200 squares per square inch. If all of the red squares in the sup­posed checkerboard are plugged on the inlet face of the honeycomb, and all of the black squares are plugged on the outlet face, then the gas must pass through one ceramic wall during its passage through the honeycomb. This arrangement did trap out the particulates, within or upon the porous walls of the honeycomb. But the pressure drop rose rapidly and reached six inches of mercury after only fifteen minutes. Such a pressure drop is much too high to be practical. The collected particulates were catayzed for burning by spraying them with a solu­tion of a copper salt.
  • pressure drop means the difference between the pressure at the input end and the pressure at the output end of the converter.
  • a high pressure drop is undesirable, because it reduces the efficiency of the engine.
  • the engine With a high pressure drop, as would be caused by an excessive amount of particulates in the convert­ er, the engine must expend extra energy to force the exhaust gas through the converter, in addition to supplying energy for locomotion.
  • the particulates are not collected in a single compact layer through which the exhaust must pass, but instead the particulates are distributed throughout the entire converter so that the pressure drop builds up slowly.
  • the invention comprises at least one strip of metal, preferably having the thickness of a foil.
  • the strip is formed into an undulat­ing series of U-bends. Some of the U-bends are open on top, and the others are closed on top. The open and closed U-bends alternate in a checkerboard pattern.
  • the strip is aligned generally transversely to the direction of flow of exhaust gas from the engine.
  • the strip defines a tortuous flow path for exhaust gas from the engine.
  • the strip is coated with an oxidation catalyst.
  • a stack of strips of the type described, can be formed, the stack comprising a labyrinth.
  • Each layer of the labyrinth comprises one such strip.
  • Adjacent strips are preferably rotated relative to each other, such as by an angle of 90°.
  • the gas is forced to make a right-angle turn at intervals as short as about 5 mm.
  • the number of right-angle turns imposed on the gas can be as great as about 30 turns per cubic centimeter of labyrinth volume.
  • the apparatus automatically determines when the converter is filled with particles.
  • fuel is injected into the exhaust gas to raise the temperature in the converter sufficiently to burn the particu­lates.
  • the temperature of the gas is monitored, and the flow of fuel is regulated automatically to maintain a temperature which is suffi­cient for burning the particulates, but which is not high enough to destroy the catalyst.
  • the apparatus determines automatically which converter is more clogged with particu­lates, and directs fuel into that converter, burning off the particu­lates therein until the converter is sufficiently cleared.
  • the catalytic converter of the present invention forces the exhaust gas to make at least one, and preferably many, right-angle bends, as it leaves the engine.
  • the converter comprises at least one metal strip, preferably of foil thickness.
  • the strip is formed into an undulating series of U-bends, some of which are open on top, and some of which are closed on top. The open and closed U-bends alter­nate in a checkerboard pattern.
  • the strip is aligned generally trans­versely to the direction of flow of exhaust gas from the engine.
  • the strip is coated with an oxidation catalyst.
  • Figure 1a shows a segment of metal 10 ready to be folded back and forth upon itself to make the strip for the converter.
  • the surface of the metal which is preferably a foil, is formed into a repeating pattern of open ended indentations 11. Indentations 11 project above the original flat surface of the foil, and indentations 12 project bleow the surface.
  • the "up" indentations 11 and the “down” indenta­tions 12 alternate both along the length of segment 10 and across its width.
  • Indentations 11 and 12 are aligned in rows across the width of the segment. There remains a narrow band of flat, unindented metal between these rows, generally indicated by the lines C-C. When the metal is folded back and forth upon itself along these narrow bands, the result is the structure shown in Figure 1b.
  • Each row of indenta­tions along the length of the metal has been formed into an undulating series of U-bends.
  • the U-bends 13 are open on top, and the U-bends 14 are closed on top.
  • U-bends 13 and 14 alternate in both of the direc­tions indicated by arrows 15 and 16. That is, the open and closed U-­ bends form a checkerboard pattern.
  • the first right-angle turn which is made against the bottom of U-bend 13 will be more effective for removing particulates. Then then number of effective right-angle turns per unit volume of labyrinth will be equal to the number of open top U-bends per unit volume.
  • Figure 1b shows the dimensions of a particular structure of a folded strip that has been built.
  • the height H was 5 mm; the length L was 3 mm; the spacing S was 1 mm.
  • These dimensions generate 30 open top U-bends per cubic centimeter of labyrinth built up from the strip. It is preferred to rotate successive layers relative to each other, and preferably by 90°, so that the open bottom of a U-bend can never be completely blocked by a closed top in the underlying layer.
  • the gas makes many right-angle turns during its passage through the converter, and each turn removes a fraction of the particulates. In this way, the particulates are distributed throughout the entire converter so that the pressure drop does not build up rapidly.
  • the honeycomb trap the particulates accumulate in a compact thin layer, and the gas must flow through this layer as the layer grows thicker and the pressure drop increases.
  • the gas flows over, past, or around the particu­lates that have been trapped out.
  • the pressure drop in the present invention does increase as particulates accumulate, but not as rapidly or as much as when the gas must flow through the accumulated particu­lates.
  • Figure 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of a plurality of folded strips which have been stacked to form the labyrinth, discussed above.
  • Figure 2 shows folded strips 20, 22, and 24. Alternate strips are rotated by 90°, relative to each other, as shown, although it is possible to rotate adjacent strips by different relative angles.
  • Exhaust gas is directed at the labyrinth in the general direction indicated by arrow 26. Gas traveling along this direction enters those U-bends of strip 20 which are open on top, and the gas is forced to make a right-angle turn. The gas can then enter the U-bends of the next strip, i.e. strip 22, and so on.
  • the various arrows in Figure 2 show some of the many paths which can be taken by the gas.
  • the exhaust gas is directed towards the entire general area of the converter, and not into only one U-bend at a given moment.
  • the pressure of one part of the stream tends to force another part of the stream to undergo another right-angle turn.
  • the presence of exhaust gas flowing through many U-bends tends to insure that gas flowing into a particular U-bend will be forced to make many right-­ angle turns.
  • Gas flowing through the labyrinth is forced to make many right-­angle turns as it leaves the engine.
  • gas flowing through the labyrinth is forced to make a right-angle turn at intervals as short as about 5 mm.
  • the number of right-angle turns imposed on the gas can be as great as about 30 turns per cubic centimeter of labyrinth volume.
  • a fuel is injected into the gas flowing through the con­verter.
  • the fuel can be diesel fuel or any other fuel that can be vaporized.
  • the fuel burns on the catalyzed surface and raises the temperature sufficiently to burn off the particulates. For complete burning of the particulates, this temperature must be as high as about 550° C. Such a temperature is seldom reached in the exhaust gas leaving a diesel engine. This is why the additional fuel must be injected.
  • the catalyzed surface serves to burn the hydrocarbons and the carbon monoxide in the exhaust, in the conventional way a converter is used in an emissions stream.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention that automatically controls the state of the converter.
  • the embodi­ment comprises a single catalytic converter 30 which is of the same construction as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. That is, converter 30 com­prises a stack of strips of the type shown in Figures 1 and 2. Ex­haust gas flows through the apparatus in the direction indicated by arrows 45 and 46.
  • Pressure monitor 31 includes sensing means, indicated schematically by dotted lines 41 and 42, to measure the pressures at the input and output ends of converter 30.
  • An excessively high dif­ference in pressure, i.e. the pressure drop, indicates that the con­verter is clogged with particulates, and needs an injection of fuel to support their burn off.
  • the value of the pressure drop across the catalytic converter depends on the velocity of flow of exhaust gas, which depends in turn on the speed of the engine. If the engine were operating at constant speed, the measure­ment of the difference between input and output pressures could be compared directly with a preset standard, and could be used to trigger the injection of fuel into the converter. But since the engine cannot be assumed to be running at constant speed, the direct readings from pressure monitor 31 are not meaningful.
  • the present invention therefore includes a means for interpreting the meaning of the reading from pressure monitor 31.
  • the means shown in Figure 3 is microprocessor 50 which receives, as its inputs, the value of the pressure drop, from monitor 31, and the speed of the engine, which is supplied by an analog to digital converter 52 which is connected to the cam shaft of the engine.
  • microprocessor 50 Stored in microprocessor 50 is a graph or table showing the maximum acceptable pressure drop for each engine speed.
  • microprocessor 50 When the pressure drop, as measured by pressure monitor 31, is found by microprocessor 50 to be greater than the maximum acceptable pressure drop for the current engine speed, microprocessor 50 emits a signal through its output line 54 to activate temperature controller 32.
  • Temperature controller 32 is essentially a thermostat, and is connected, as represented schematically by dotted line 56, to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving catalytic converter 30. Controller 32 is also connected, as shown by dotted line 58, to valve 33. Valve 33 controls the flow of fuel, through fuel line 60, into catalytic converter 30.
  • tempera­ture controller 32 After being enabled by a signal from microprocessor 50, tempera­ture controller 32 maintains the temperature in the catalytic convert­er 30 at the desired level, about 600° C., by increasing or decreasing the flow of fuel. Meanwhile, pressure monitor 31 continues to sense the pressure drop across converter 30. When the pressure drop falls below a level appropriate to the current engine speed, the microproc­essor 50 emits a signal which turns off temperature controller 32, which causes the flow of fuel through line 60 to be shut off.
  • regeneration The process by which the catalytic converter is cleansed of its accumulated particulates by the burn off described above is known as regeneration. Regeneration will occur again when the pressure drop rises above an acceptable level (for a given engine speed). When the pressure drop falls below a predetermined level, for a given engine speed, regeneration is considered to be complete
  • Figure 5 shows, in qualitative form, the information that is stored in microprocessor 50.
  • the ordinate is the pressure drop
  • the abcissa is the engine speed.
  • Curve 70 represents the maximum acceptable pressure drop for each possible engine speed.
  • microprocessor 50 continuously checks to see if the pressure drop has fallen below the value indicated by curve 72. When this condition occurs, the regeneration is complete, and the flow of fuel into the converter can be shut off.
  • Catalytic converters 110 and 111 are of substantially the same construction as that shown in Figure 3, the direction of exhaust gas flow being indicated by arrows 113 and 114.
  • Exhaust duct 140 is connected to butterfly valve 112, which is connected to con­duits 141 and 142 which direct gas into catalytic converters 110 and 111, respectively.
  • Butterfly valve 112 has three positions: a neutral position as shown, allowing gas to flow freely into both converters, and two positions which force most of the gas to flow to only one of the converters.
  • Dotted line 150 represents one of the latter posi­tions, which closes off most of the flow to converter 110.
  • Butterfly valve 112 thus comprises a diverter means, which diverts the flow of gas to one or the other of the catalytic converters.
  • Diesel engine exhaust contains relatively large amounts of oxygen, which is needed to support the combustion during the regeneration process.
  • a pressure monitor 115 is connected to the input and output ends of the apparat­us. Note that the pressure drop must be measured at exhaust duct 140 and output duct 150. That is, the pressure drop is measured for the system as a whole.
  • a microprocessor 102 receives inputs representing the pressure drop, as well as engine speed (from analog to digital con­verter 101).
  • Microprocessor 102 stores a graph or table of the type suggested in Figure 5.
  • Microprocessor 102 is connected to temperature controllers 132 and 133, which operate fuel valves 136 and 137, respectively, in a manner entirely similar to that described with respect to the single converter embodiment. However, microprocessor 102 is also connected to a timer and valve actuator means 103, which operates butterfly valve 112.
  • the microprocessor 102 When the microprocessor 102 senses an unacceptably high pressure drop, it causes means 103 to turn butterfly valve 112 to one of its two non-neutral positions, and then to the other such position. For example, means 103 will first actuate valve 112 such that flow of gas through converter 110 is substantially cut off. Valve 112 is held in this position for a few seconds by means 103, while the microprocessor internally records and stores the observed pressure drop. This ob­served pressure drop gives an indication of the extent to which con­verter 111 is filled with particulates. Then, means 103 causes valve 112 to cut off most of the exhaust gas flow to converter 111, and to enable gas to flow through converter 110. The microprocessor then records and stores the pressure drop reading.
  • the microprocessor 102 selects the catalytic converter, either 110 or 111, that is in greater need of regeneration.
  • microprocessor 102 automatically takes into consideration the engine speed at the time of measurement. For example, the microprocessor 102 would re­cord, for both catalytic converters, the difference between the meas­ured pressure drop and the curve 70 of Figure 5. The converter whose reading is farther above curve 70 is the converter selected for re­generation.
  • the microprocessor 102 selects a converter for regeneration, it emits an enabling signal to one of the temperature controllers 132 or 133 so as to cause fuel to be injected, in a controlled manner, into the converter selected for regeneration.
  • This regeneration proc­ ess is entirely similar to that discussed with reference to Figure 3.
  • microprocessor 102 While one of the converters 110 or 111 is being regenerated, microprocessor 102 keeps a record of the elapsed time. After five minutes of regeneration, microprocessor momentarily disables the tem­perature controller, and, through means 103, turns butterfly valve 112 momentarily to the neutral position. The pressure drop across the entire apparatus is then measured. If the pressure drop is suffi­ciently low for the current engine speed, the regeneration is com­plete, and the system returns to its initial state, i.e. with butter­fly valve 112 in the neutral position and both temperature controllers disabled. If the pressure drop is not low enough, microprocessor 102 re-activates the temperature controller that was previously operative, and regeneration continues. Thereafter, every minute, the microproc­essor 102 interrupts the regeneration process to determine whether the regeneration may be terminated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
EP87106425A 1986-05-05 1987-05-04 Convertisseur catalytique pour moteurs diesel Withdrawn EP0244798A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US859438 1986-05-05
US06/859,438 US4672809A (en) 1984-09-07 1986-05-05 Catalytic converter for a diesel engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0244798A1 true EP0244798A1 (fr) 1987-11-11

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ID=25330927

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EP87106425A Withdrawn EP0244798A1 (fr) 1986-05-05 1987-05-04 Convertisseur catalytique pour moteurs diesel

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US (1) US4672809A (fr)
EP (1) EP0244798A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62273046A (fr)
CA (1) CA1277603C (fr)

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DE3743559A1 (de) * 1987-12-22 1989-07-06 Opel Adam Ag Vorrichtung zum entfernen und zur verbrennung von in den abgasen von dieselmotoren enthaltenen russpartikeln
EP0327804A2 (fr) * 1988-02-11 1989-08-16 Krupp MaK Maschinenbau GmbH Moteur à combustion interne
EP0375986A1 (fr) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-04 Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH Support pour un réacteur catalytique pour la purification des gaz d'échappement
EP0405310A2 (fr) * 1989-06-24 1991-01-02 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la régénération de filtres à suie pour moteurs diesel
WO1991001807A1 (fr) * 1989-07-27 1991-02-21 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Corps en nid d'abeilles, a aretes internes d'entree, notamment support de catalyseur pour vehicule automobile
EP0433598A1 (fr) * 1989-12-16 1991-06-26 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de régénération d'un filtre à suie pour moteurs diesel, et dispositif pour la réalisation du procédé
FR2660012A1 (fr) * 1990-03-20 1991-09-27 Peugeot Procede et dispositif de regeneration d'un filtre a particules, notamment pour moteur diesel.
WO2001092692A1 (fr) * 2000-05-30 2001-12-06 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Piege a particules
US7727498B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2010-06-01 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Method for removing soot particles from an exhaust gas, associated collecting element and system

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KR100229731B1 (ko) * 1990-07-27 1999-11-15 브룬너 하인리히 페터 울리히 대형 디젤엔진
US5401483A (en) * 1991-10-02 1995-03-28 Engelhard Corporation Catalyst assembly providing high surface area for nitric acid and/or HCN synthesis
US5250094A (en) 1992-03-16 1993-10-05 Donaldson Company, Inc. Ceramic filter construction and method
US5224973A (en) * 1992-04-20 1993-07-06 Donaldson Company, Inc. Filter cartridge for trap apparatus
WO1994004800A1 (fr) * 1992-08-17 1994-03-03 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Procede permettant de surveiller le fonctionnement d'un convertisseur catalytique
FR2695326B1 (fr) * 1992-09-08 1994-12-02 Strasbourg Ecole Nale Sup Arts Matrice métallique de réacteur catalytique pour le traitement des gaz de combustion.
WO1994009903A1 (fr) * 1992-10-28 1994-05-11 Allied-Signal Inc. Convertisseur catalytique comprenant un monolithe metallique a catalyseur incorpore
US5487865A (en) * 1993-04-08 1996-01-30 Corning Incorporated Method of making complex shaped metal bodies
US5400590A (en) * 1993-09-16 1995-03-28 Donaldson Company, Inc. Filter cartridge arrangement
US5572866A (en) * 1994-04-29 1996-11-12 Environmental Thermal Oxidizers, Inc. Pollution abatement incinerator system
JP3266749B2 (ja) * 1994-12-28 2002-03-18 三菱電機株式会社 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置
DE19731865C2 (de) * 1997-07-24 1999-05-06 Siemens Ag Abgasreinigungsanlage für das Abgas eines Dieselmotors
DE19741199C2 (de) 1997-09-18 2000-10-26 Siemens Ag Statischer Mischer
DE10119035A1 (de) * 2001-04-18 2002-10-24 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Katalytisch arbeitender Brenner
ATE326621T1 (de) * 2002-01-16 2006-06-15 Oberland Mangold Gmbh Metallfolie mit eingeprägter struktur zur verwendung bei der abgasreinigung und werkzeug und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE102016209058A1 (de) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-30 Continental Automotive Gmbh Wabenkörper für die Abgasnachbehandlung

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DE2226608A1 (de) * 1971-06-02 1972-12-14 Gould Inc., Cleveland, Ohio (V.St.A.) Katalysatormaterial für die Reduktion von Stickoxiden aus Abgasen von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen
US3869778A (en) * 1971-12-27 1975-03-11 Raymond W Yancey Article of manufacture with twisted web
FR2287261A2 (fr) * 1974-10-11 1976-05-07 Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand Procede d'epuration d'air pollue
DE2834358A1 (de) * 1977-08-05 1979-02-08 Babcock Hitachi Kk Katalytischer reaktor
FR2527684A1 (fr) * 1982-06-01 1983-12-02 Currie Neil Systeme d'echappement pour automobile
EP0151229A1 (fr) * 1983-11-19 1985-08-14 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co. KG Matrice pour réacteur catalytique
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3743559A1 (de) * 1987-12-22 1989-07-06 Opel Adam Ag Vorrichtung zum entfernen und zur verbrennung von in den abgasen von dieselmotoren enthaltenen russpartikeln
EP0327804A2 (fr) * 1988-02-11 1989-08-16 Krupp MaK Maschinenbau GmbH Moteur à combustion interne
EP0327804A3 (en) * 1988-02-11 1990-01-03 Krupp Mak Maschinenbau Gmbh Internal-combustion engine
EP0375986A1 (fr) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-04 Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH Support pour un réacteur catalytique pour la purification des gaz d'échappement
EP0405310A3 (en) * 1989-06-24 1991-08-21 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Process for regenerating soot filters of diesel engines
EP0405310A2 (fr) * 1989-06-24 1991-01-02 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la régénération de filtres à suie pour moteurs diesel
US5045403A (en) * 1989-07-27 1991-09-03 Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh Honeycomb body with internal leading edges, in particular a catalyst body for motor vehicles
WO1991001807A1 (fr) * 1989-07-27 1991-02-21 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Corps en nid d'abeilles, a aretes internes d'entree, notamment support de catalyseur pour vehicule automobile
US5130208A (en) * 1989-07-27 1992-07-14 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuem Emisstonstechnologie Mbh Honeycomb body with internal leading edges, in particular a catalyst body for motor vehicles
EP0433598A1 (fr) * 1989-12-16 1991-06-26 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de régénération d'un filtre à suie pour moteurs diesel, et dispositif pour la réalisation du procédé
FR2660012A1 (fr) * 1990-03-20 1991-09-27 Peugeot Procede et dispositif de regeneration d'un filtre a particules, notamment pour moteur diesel.
US7727498B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2010-06-01 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Method for removing soot particles from an exhaust gas, associated collecting element and system
US8066952B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2011-11-29 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Method for removing soot particles from an exhaust gas, associated collecting element and system
US8066951B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2011-11-29 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Method for removing soot particles from an exhaust gas, associated collecting element and system
WO2001092692A1 (fr) * 2000-05-30 2001-12-06 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Piege a particules
US7267805B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2007-09-11 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Particle trap and assemblies and exhaust tracts having the particle trap

Also Published As

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US4672809A (en) 1987-06-16
JPS62273046A (ja) 1987-11-27
CA1277603C (fr) 1990-12-11

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