EP0242717B1 - Radio controlled clock provided with a ferrite rod antenna - Google Patents

Radio controlled clock provided with a ferrite rod antenna Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0242717B1
EP0242717B1 EP87105252A EP87105252A EP0242717B1 EP 0242717 B1 EP0242717 B1 EP 0242717B1 EP 87105252 A EP87105252 A EP 87105252A EP 87105252 A EP87105252 A EP 87105252A EP 0242717 B1 EP0242717 B1 EP 0242717B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
main
radio
aerial
ferrite rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87105252A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0242717A2 (en
EP0242717A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Allgaier
Arthur Kopf
Wolfgang Ganter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Junghans Uhren GmbH
Original Assignee
Junghans Uhren GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Junghans Uhren GmbH filed Critical Junghans Uhren GmbH
Priority to AT87105252T priority Critical patent/ATE65135T1/en
Publication of EP0242717A2 publication Critical patent/EP0242717A2/en
Publication of EP0242717A3 publication Critical patent/EP0242717A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0242717B1 publication Critical patent/EP0242717B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04RRADIO-CONTROLLED TIME-PIECES
    • G04R20/00Setting the time according to the time information carried or implied by the radio signal
    • G04R20/08Setting the time according to the time information carried or implied by the radio signal the radio signal being broadcast from a long-wave call sign, e.g. DCF77, JJY40, JJY60, MSF60 or WWVB
    • G04R20/10Tuning or receiving; Circuits therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04RRADIO-CONTROLLED TIME-PIECES
    • G04R60/00Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio clock according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic radio clock is known from DE-GM 84 32 848 and described in more detail in DBP 3 439 638. In the meantime, it has proven itself as a high-quality consumer watch on the market.
  • a simple ferrite rod antenna - with the advantage of high reception sensitivity even in an unfavorable reception environment - has the disadvantage of high directional sensitivity (with regard to the geometric orientation with respect to the location of the remote time telegram transmitter).
  • This pronounced directional reception characteristic is only slightly damped in the sense of an all-round characteristic that is desired per se, if the ferrite rod antenna is arranged in the vicinity of an electromagnetic shield, for example in order to avoid mutual interference with an electromotive clockwork operated behind the shield.
  • this housing itself contains sources of electrical interference, as in the case of an electromotive clockwork and then also at the comparatively low long-wave frequency with which a radio-controlled clock of the generic type is operated, the disadvantages of a high sensitivity to interference of such a large conductor loop are much more serious than those that have been achieved Improvements in the reception characteristics of the ferrite rod antenna.
  • two differently aligned internal ferrite rod antennas of which the one with the better orientation with regard to the current radio reception conditions is being switched on.
  • the two antennas should preferably be aligned perpendicular to one another in order to ensure that regardless of the current orientation with respect to the transmitter and the antenna currently switched on, at least 70% of the field strength amplitude is recorded.
  • the result is that the time decoding that was previously possible temporarily fails, although the reception conditions with the antenna that was previously switched on were still sufficient for decoding.
  • the operator of the radio clock who is not familiar with this internal control process, is irritated - and may turn the clock to another spatial location due to the frequent failure of the decoded time information Orientation, in which reception conditions may be worse than before.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a radio-controlled clock of the generic type with built-in ferrite rod antenna, in which - regardless of constraints or coincidences regarding the spatial orientation of a consumer clock - in any case with sufficient probability sufficient reception conditions for recording and processing the over Radio transmitted time telegrams are given, without having to give the consumer incomprehensible instructions about the local orientation when setting up his consumer watch.
  • This desired effect of the attenuation of the main antenna by the compensation antenna is based solely on the inductive coupling between two ferrite rod antennas that are spaced apart from one another and not oriented in parallel, without an evaluation at the receiving end need to perform second antenna signals.
  • the radio clock 11 outlined in the drawing as a symbolically simplified block diagram consists of an autonomous clock 12 with a time display 13 and a radio receiver 14 for receiving and decoding coded time information (so-called time telegrams) transmitted by radio in order to use this reference information from time to time to update the current one Compare the performance on the time display 13 and correct it if necessary - as explained in more detail in DBP 3 439 638 (& EP-A-0 180 155) cited above.
  • coded time information so-called time telegrams
  • the radio receiver 14 with its demodulation and decoding circuits 15 and optionally a preamplifier 16 is connected to an antenna circuit 17 which is tuned to the fixed transmission frequency of the time information transmitter and which has the parallel connection of an antenna coil 18 with a matching capacitor 19.
  • an antenna coil 18 with a matching capacitor 19.
  • it has a ferrite rod 20 in a known manner.
  • This unit consisting of antenna coil 18 and ferrite rod 20 is also referred to as the main antenna 21 in the present context.
  • Characteristic of such a ferrite rod antenna 21 is its high directional sensitivity; that is, the reception conditions are worst when the linear ferrite rod 20 is aligned longitudinally with the location of the transmitter while being transverse set the best reception conditions for this most unfavorable orientation.
  • such a behavior of the antenna 21 built into a radio clock 11 is highly undesirable, because such a consumer clock is set up or hung up by the user not according to radio considerations, but in accordance with the spatial conditions, for example with regard to the furniture of a living room.
  • the built-in antenna 21 can then have such a spatially unfavorable orientation with respect to the transmitter location that reception and decoding of undisturbed time telegrams are no longer possible, that is to say the automatic control and correction of the time display 13 which is characteristic of a radio clock 11 is no longer guaranteed.
  • a second or compensation antenna 22 is provided, which is also equipped with an antenna circuit 17 which is matched to the transmission frequency, but is not connected to the radio receiver 14.
  • this compensation antenna 22 is installed at a certain distance in front of an end face of the ferrite rod 20 of the main antenna 21 at right angles and laterally offset (that is to say as a leg of an "L") in the radio clock 11; whereby the compensation antenna 22 (contrary to the drawing) is by no means in the same plane as the main antenna 21 must extend and can also take other positions relative to the main antenna.
  • the radio-controlled clock receiver 14 is thus operated with an antenna 21 which approximately has the high sensitivity of a ferrite rod antenna 21, but is no longer subject to the disadvantage of great insensitivity to reception in the longitudinal direction of the rod.
  • the second or compensation antenna 22 since the second or compensation antenna 22 in turn does not feed signal energy into the radio receiver 14 (but only serves to inductively attenuate the original directional sensitivity of the main antenna 21), a relatively short ferrite rod 23 can be used for the compensation antenna 22, so that no special one additional space required for this antenna compensation measure in the radio clock 11 results.
  • the practical installation does not pose any particular problems, since, as said, the installation plane of the compensation antenna 22 is largely uncritical, although a certain distance is preferably maintained in the apex region of the two ferrite bars 20-23 oriented transversely to one another. If this distance has to be changed for design reasons, the resulting reaction to the directional dependence of the sensitivity of the main antenna 21 can be largely compensated for by further retuning of the main antenna 21.
  • the directional reception sensitivity of the radio clock 11 is to be reduced further, it is expedient to provide a switchover between (see FIG. 2) azimuthally differently oriented (main) antennas 21 built into the radio clock 11, as is known as such. 2 does not take into account the fact that such spatially differently oriented antennas 21 are expediently grouped with compensation antennas (22 in FIG. 1) in order to again achieve a substantial increase in the all-round reception capacity with only a moderate loss of reception sensitivity.
  • the antenna circuit 17.1 In order to avoid differently effective antenna couplings and the resulting tendency of the radio receiver 14 to work when an antenna is switched over, only one of the antenna circuits, in the example case of FIG. 2 the antenna circuit 17.1, is always effective.
  • the other antenna circuits 17, which are not currently connected to the radio receiver 14, are either open (as in the case of the switch constellation according to FIG. 2) or short-circuited (not shown in the drawing).

Abstract

A radio clock (11), in particular one designed for use in homes, should be designed so that even under unfavourable radio reception conditions or random conditions according to the position of installation, it will ensure decoding of the received time data. For this purpose it is proposed that the radio receiver be fed from a ferrite rod main aerial (21), the original directional characteristic of which is damped towards an all-round receiving characteristic by inductive coupling of a balancing aerial (22) also having a tuned aerial circuit, but which is not connected to the radio receiver (14). If, on the other hand, (instead of this or additionally) provision is made for switching between main aerials (21) with different space orientation and each having its own tuned aerial circuit (17), the aerial circuits (17) of the (main) aerial (21) temporarily not connected to the radio receiver (14) are short-circuited or opened in order to prevent oscillatory effects. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkuhr gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a radio clock according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine gattungsgemäße Funkuhr ist aus dem DE-GM 84 32 848 bekannt und im DBP 3 439 638 näher beschrieben. Sie hat sich unterdessen als hochwertige Konsumuhr am Markt bewährt. Allerdings weist eine einfache Ferritstab-Antenne - beim Vorteil hoher Empfangsempfindlichkeit auch in ungünstiger Empfangsumgebung - den Nachteil hoher Richtungsempfindlichkeit (bezüglich der geometrischen Ausrichtung gegenüber dem Standort des entfernten Zeittelegramm-Senders) auf. Diese ausgeprägte Richt-Empfangscharakteristik wird nur geringfügig im Sinne einer an sich erwünschten Rundum-Charakteristik bedämpft, wenn die Ferritstab-Antenne in der Nachbarschaft einer elektromagnetischen Abschirmung angeordnet ist, etwa um wechselseitige Störbeeinflussungen mit einem hinter der Abschirmung betriebenen elektromotorischen Uhrwerk zu vermeiden.A generic radio clock is known from DE-GM 84 32 848 and described in more detail in DBP 3 439 638. In the meantime, it has proven itself as a high-quality consumer watch on the market. However, a simple ferrite rod antenna - with the advantage of high reception sensitivity even in an unfavorable reception environment - has the disadvantage of high directional sensitivity (with regard to the geometric orientation with respect to the location of the remote time telegram transmitter). This pronounced directional reception characteristic is only slightly damped in the sense of an all-round characteristic that is desired per se, if the ferrite rod antenna is arranged in the vicinity of an electromagnetic shield, for example in order to avoid mutual interference with an electromotive clockwork operated behind the shield.

Auf dem gattungsfremden Gebiete des miniaturisierten Empfangsgerätes eines im Megahertz-Bereich betriebenen Paging-Systemes ist es zum Erzielen einer angenäherten Rundum-Empfangscharakteristik bekannt, eine kleine Ferritkern-Antenne induktiv zu koppeln mit einer kapazitiv auf Resonanz abgeglichenen einlagigen Leiterschleife, deren Durchmesser sehr groß ist im Vergleich zum Spulendurchmesser der Ferritantenne (US-A-4 155 091). Für die Halterung dieser einfachen Luftschleife steht zwar das Gehäuse des Paging-Empfängers zur Verfügung. Wenn dieses Gehäuse aber selbst elektrische Störquellen beinhaltet, wie im Falle eines elektromotorisch betriebenen Uhrwerks und dann auch noch bei der vergleichsweise niedrigen Langwellenfrequenz, mit der eine Funkuhr gattungsgemäßer Art betrieben wird, sind die Nachteile einer hohen Störempfindlichkeit solcher großflächiger Leiterschleife wesentlich gravierender als etwa noch erzielte Verbesserungen der Empfangscharakteristik der Ferritstabantenne.In the field of the miniaturized receiving device of a paging system operated in the megahertz range, to achieve an approximate all-round reception characteristic, it is known to inductively couple a small ferrite core antenna with a single-layer conductor loop which is capacitively balanced for resonance, whose diameter is very large compared to the coil diameter of the ferrite antenna (US-A-4 155 091). The housing of the paging receiver is available to hold this simple air loop. However, if this housing itself contains sources of electrical interference, as in the case of an electromotive clockwork and then also at the comparatively low long-wave frequency with which a radio-controlled clock of the generic type is operated, the disadvantages of a high sensitivity to interference of such a large conductor loop are much more serious than those that have been achieved Improvements in the reception characteristics of the ferrite rod antenna.

Aus dem schon zitierten DE-GM 84 32 848 ist es andererseits auch bekannt, mehrere untereinander gleich ausgelegte und funktional nicht miteinander verkoppelte Ferritstab-Hauptantennen in unterschiedlicher räumlicher Ausrichtung vorzusehen und den Empfängereingang je nach den aktuellen Empfangsgegebenheiten auf die eine oder auf die andere dieser untereinander gleichwertigen (Haupt-)Antennen umzuschalten. Nachteilig dabei ist, daß die jeweils eingeschaltete Antenne wiederum die ausgeprägte Richtcharakteristik einer Ferritstabantenne aufweist, also keinerlei Kompensation in Richtung einer anzustrebenden Rundumcharakteristik gegeben ist. Auch sind solche Umschaltvorgänge dem technischen Laien an sich nicht zumutbar, der sich eine solche Funkuhr ja gerade gekauft hat, um stets ohne manuelle Eingriffe die absolut richtige Zeit angezeigt zu bekommen. Schließlich führen Antennen-Umschaltungen am Empfängereingang leicht zu empfangsseitigen Funktionsstörungen, worauf unten noch eingegangen wird.From the already cited DE-GM 84 32 848 it is also known, on the other hand, to provide a plurality of ferrite rod antennas which are of identical design and are not functionally coupled to one another in different spatial orientations, and the receiver input, depending on the current reception conditions, to one or the other of these to switch equivalent (main) antennas. The disadvantage here is that the antenna switched on in each case again has the pronounced directional characteristic of a ferrite rod antenna, that is to say there is no compensation in the direction of an all-round characteristic to be aimed for. Also, such switching processes are not reasonable for the technical layman, who has just bought such a radio clock, so that the absolutely correct time is always displayed without manual intervention. Finally, antenna switchovers at the receiver input easily lead to malfunctions on the receiver side, which will be discussed below.

Aus der DE-OS 31 01 406 ist es bei einer gattungsähnlichen Funkuhr bekannt, zur Vermeidung manueller Antennenumschaltungen in Abhängigkeit von einem gesondert zu ermittelnden und in der Empfangseinrichtung abzuspeichernden mittleren effektiven Signal-Stör-Verhältnis automatisch die wirksame Antennenorientierung so zu verändern, daß das effektive Signal-Stör-Verhältnis der momentanen Empfangsgegebenheiten über eine kritische Schwelle gelangt bzw. den günstigsten Wert annimmt. Als Bewertungsmaßstab für das effektive Signal-Stör-Verhältnis wird ein Vergleich einer idealen Impulsform mit der bei der Aufnahme des Zeittelegrammes real empfangenen Impulsform vorgenommen und das Vergleichsergebnis als Zahlenwert in einem Mikroprozessor abgespeichert. Dieser hat dann einen dahingehenden Steuerungseingriff in die Empfangseinrichtung vorzunehmen, daß sich die momentan günstigsten Empfangsgegebenheiten einstellen.From DE-OS 31 01 406 it is known in a generic radio clock to avoid manual antenna switching depending on a separately to be determined and stored in the receiving device average effective signal-to-noise ratio to automatically change the effective antenna orientation so that the effective signal-to-interference ratio of the current reception conditions reaches a critical threshold or assumes the most favorable value. As an evaluation standard for the effective signal-to-interference ratio, a comparison of an ideal pulse shape with the pulse shape actually received when the time telegram was received is made and the comparison result is stored as a numerical value in a microprocessor. The latter then has to carry out a control intervention in the receiving device so that the currently most favorable reception conditions are established.

Hierfür ist dort unter anderem vorgesehen, zwei verschieden ausgerichtete interne Ferritstab-Antennen zu verwenden von denen jeweils gerade diejenige eingeschaltet wird, die die bessere Ausrichtung hinsichtlich der momentanen Funkempfangsgegebenheiten aufweist. Vorzugsweise sollen die beiden Antennen senkrecht zueinander ausgerichtet sein, um sicherzustellen, daß unabhängig von der momentanen Orientierung bezüglich des Senders und von der momentan eingeschalteten Antenne stes mindestens 70 % des Feldstärke-Amplitude aufgenommen wird.For this purpose, it is provided, among other things, to use two differently aligned internal ferrite rod antennas, of which the one with the better orientation with regard to the current radio reception conditions is being switched on. The two antennas should preferably be aligned perpendicular to one another in order to ensure that regardless of the current orientation with respect to the transmitter and the antenna currently switched on, at least 70% of the field strength amplitude is recorded.

Der datenverarbeitungstechnische und schaltungstechnische Aufwand für die ständige Ermittlung einer Nachsteuerungsinformation nach Maßgabe jener vorgegebenen Bewertung ist aber überaus groß und kann deshalb aus Kostengründen für eine Konsum-Funkuhr vorliegend in Betracht gezogener Art kaum in Betracht kommen. Nachteiliger ist noch, daß auch dann eine Antennen-Umschaltung erfolgt, wenn zwar nicht optimaler, aber immerhin doch noch ausreichender Empfang der über Funk übermittelten kodierten Zeitinformation (Zeittelegramme) gegeben ist. Denn da in der schaltungstechnischen Praxis jede Ferritstab-Antenne eigenständig abgestimmt werden muß, also kein gemeinsamer Abstimm-Kondensator für unterschiedlich vorgesehene Antennenspulen realisierbar ist, führt die - womöglich unergiebige und deshalb alsbald schon wieder rückgängig zu machende -Antennen-Umschaltung auf eine andere als die bisher eingeschaltet gewesenen Antenne zwangsläufig zu Störungen in der Funktion der Empfangseinrichtung, die erst wieder ausgeregelt werden müssen. Hinsichtlich der internen Funkuhren-Funktion hat das zur Folge, daß vorübergehend die bisher möglich gewesene Zeitdekodierung nun ausfällt, obgleich die - freilich nicht ganz optimalen - Empfangsverhältnisse mit der zuvor eingeschaltet gewesenen Antenne doch noch zur Dekodierung ausreichten. Der Betreiber der Funkuhr, der diesen inneren Regelvorgang näturlich nicht kennt, wird irritiert - und dreht womöglich, wegen des öfteren Ausfalles der dekodierten Zeitinformation, die Uhr in eine andere räumliche Orientierung, in der dann vielleicht noch schlechtere Empfangsgegebenheiten als bisher vorliegen.However, the data processing and circuitry outlay for the continuous determination of post-control information in accordance with that specified evaluation is extremely large and can therefore hardly be considered for the reasons of cost considerations for a consumer radio clock. A further disadvantage is that an antenna switchover also takes place if the coded time information (time telegrams) transmitted via radio is not optimally received, but is still sufficient. Because, in circuitry practice, each ferrite rod antenna must be tuned independently, i.e. no common tuning capacitor can be implemented for differently designed antenna coils, the - possibly inefficient and therefore soon to be reversed - antenna switchover to another than that previously activated antenna inevitably leads to malfunctions in the function of the receiving device, which must first be corrected again. With regard to the internal radio clock function, the result is that the time decoding that was previously possible temporarily fails, although the reception conditions with the antenna that was previously switched on were still sufficient for decoding. The operator of the radio clock, who is not familiar with this internal control process, is irritated - and may turn the clock to another spatial location due to the frequent failure of the decoded time information Orientation, in which reception conditions may be worse than before.

In Erkenntnis solcher Umstände liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Funkuhr gattungsgemäßer Art mit eingebauter Ferritstab-Antenne zu schaffen, bei der - unabhängig von Sachzwängen oder Zufälligkeiten hinsichtlich der räumlichen Ausrichtung einer Konsumuhr-jedenfalls mit hinreichender Wahrscheinlichkeit ausreichende Empfangsgegebenheiten für Aufnahme und Verarbeitung der über Funk übermittelten Zeittelegramme gegeben sind, ohne dem Konsumenten für ihn unverständliche Anweisungen über die örtliche Orientierung bei der Aufstellung seiner Konsumuhr geben zu müssen.In the knowledge of such circumstances, the invention has for its object to provide a radio-controlled clock of the generic type with built-in ferrite rod antenna, in which - regardless of constraints or coincidences regarding the spatial orientation of a consumer clock - in any case with sufficient probability sufficient reception conditions for recording and processing the over Radio transmitted time telegrams are given, without having to give the consumer incomprehensible instructions about the local orientation when setting up his consumer watch.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer gattungsgemäßen Funkuhr im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, daß sie nach dem Kennzeichnungsteil des Anspruches 1 ausgelegt ist.This object is achieved in a generic radio clock essentially in that it is designed according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

Nach dieser Lösung wird eine geringe Einbuße der Empfangsempfindlichkeit einer Ferritstab-Antenne im Interesse einer starken Reduzierung der Richtungs-Empfindlichkeit in Kauf genommen, wobei durch den geringfügigen Zusatzaufwand einer kleinen, in sich abgestimmten aber nicht eigens an den Empfänger angeschlossenen Kompensations-Antenne eine Verformung der typischen 8-Charakteristik der Ferritstabantenne in eine recht gute rundum Charakteristik erreicht wird.According to this solution, a slight loss in the reception sensitivity of a ferrite rod antenna is accepted in the interest of a strong reduction in the directional sensitivity, the deformation of the antenna being deformed by the small additional effort of a small, co-ordinated but not specifically connected to the receiver typical 8-characteristic of the ferrite rod antenna is achieved in a quite good all-round characteristic.

Diese hier gewünschte Wirkung der Bedämpfung der Haupt-Antenne durch die Kompensations-Antenne beruht also allein auf der induktiven Kopplung zwischen zwei zueinander distanzierten und nicht parallel orientierten Ferritstab-Antennen, ohne eine empfangsseitige Auswertung auch der
zweiten Antennensignale durchführen zu müssen.
This desired effect of the attenuation of the main antenna by the compensation antenna is based solely on the inductive coupling between two ferrite rod antennas that are spaced apart from one another and not oriented in parallel, without an evaluation at the receiving end
need to perform second antenna signals.

Es kann aber auch zweckmäßig sein, ähnlich den in der älteren Anmeldung P 35 10 637.9 beschriebenen Gegebenheiten eine Umschaltung zwischen räumlich unterschiedlich orientierten (Haupt-) Antennen vorzusehen. Dafür kann es dann zweckmäßig sein, zusätzlich eine Verformung der originären Richtcharakteristik der Hauptantenne zu einer möglichst guten Rundumcharakteristik durch die Ankopplung der Kompensations-Antenne vorstehend erläuterter Art vorzunehmen. Entscheidend bei der tatsächlichen Umschaltung des Funkempfängers auf unterschiedliche (Haupt-) Antennen ist aber, daß dann die gerade nicht an den Empfänger angeschalteten Hauptantennen nicht mehr in einem vollständigen Antennenkreis liegen, um Schwingerscheinungen im Zuge der Antennen-Umschaltung zu vermeiden. Bei der tatsächlichen Antennen-Umschaltung sind als alle diejenigen Antennenkreise, die gerade nicht an den Funkempfänger angeschlossen sind, durch Kurzschluß oder Auftrennung unwirksam zu machen; eine Lösung, die insoweit bei einer gattungsgemäßen Funkuhr auch als eigenständig schutzfähig betrachtet wird.However, it can also be expedient to provide a switch between spatially differently oriented (main) antennas, similar to the circumstances described in the earlier application P 35 10 637.9. For this purpose, it can then be expedient to additionally deform the original directional characteristic of the main antenna to give the best possible all-round characteristic by coupling the compensation antenna of the type explained above. It is crucial in the actual switchover of the radio receiver to different (main) antennas that the main antennas not currently connected to the receiver are then no longer in a complete antenna circuit in order to avoid vibrations during the antenna switchover. In the actual antenna switchover, all those antenna circuits which are not currently connected to the radio receiver are to be rendered ineffective by short-circuiting or disconnection; a solution that is also considered to be independently capable of protection in a generic radio clock.

Zusätzlich Alternativen und Weiterbildungen sowie weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen und, auch unter Berücksichtigung der Darlegungen in der Zusammenfassung, aus nachstehender Beschreibung von in der Zeichnung unter Beschränkung auf das Wesentliche stark abstrahiert skizzierten bevorzugten Realisierungsbeispielen zur erfindungsgemäßen Lösung.
Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
im Blockschaltbild eine Funkuhr mit festangeschlossener Hauptantenne und quer dazu angeordneter, auf Resonanz abgestimmter aber nicht angeschlossener Kompensationsantenne
und
Fig. 2
ein Beispiel für eine Umschaltung zwischen unterschiedlich orientierten, jeweils abgestimmten Antennen.
Additional alternatives and further developments as well as further features and advantages of the invention result from the further claims and, also taking into account the explanations in the summary, from the following description of preferred implementation examples for the solution according to the invention, which are sketched in a highly abstracted manner while restricting them to the essentials.
It shows:
Fig. 1
in the block diagram a radio clock with a permanently connected main antenna and a compensation antenna arranged transversely to it, tuned to resonance but not connected
and
Fig. 2
an example of switching between differently oriented, tuned antennas.

Die in der Zeichnung als symbolisch vereinfachtes Blockschaltbild skizzierte Funkuhr 11 besteht aus einer autonomen Uhr 12 mit Zeitanzeige 13 und aus einem Funkempfänger 14 für Empfang und Dekodierung von über Funk übermittelten kodierten Zeitinformation (sogenannten Zeittelegrammen), um mit dieser Referenzinformation von Zeit zu Zeit die momentane Darbietung auf der Zeitanzeige 13 zu vergleichen und gegebenenfalls zu korrigieren - wie im einzelnen im oben zitierten DBP 3 439 638 (& EP-A-0 180 155) näher erläutert.The radio clock 11 outlined in the drawing as a symbolically simplified block diagram consists of an autonomous clock 12 with a time display 13 and a radio receiver 14 for receiving and decoding coded time information (so-called time telegrams) transmitted by radio in order to use this reference information from time to time to update the current one Compare the performance on the time display 13 and correct it if necessary - as explained in more detail in DBP 3 439 638 (& EP-A-0 180 155) cited above.

Dafür ist der Funkempfänger 14 mit seinen Demodulations- und Dekodierschaltungen 15 sowie gegebenenfalls einem Vorverstärker 16 an einen auf die feste Sendefrequenz des Zeitinformationssenders abgestimmten Antennenkreis 17 angeschlossen, der die Parallelschaltung einer Antennenspule 18 mit einem Abgleichkondensator 19 aufweist. Zur Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit der Antennenspule 18 weist diese in bekannter Weise einen Ferritstab 20 auf. Diese Baueinheit aus Antennenspule 18 und Ferritstab 20 wird in vorliegendem Sachzusammenhang auch als Haupt-Antenne 21 bezeichnet.For this purpose, the radio receiver 14 with its demodulation and decoding circuits 15 and optionally a preamplifier 16 is connected to an antenna circuit 17 which is tuned to the fixed transmission frequency of the time information transmitter and which has the parallel connection of an antenna coil 18 with a matching capacitor 19. To increase the sensitivity of the antenna coil 18, it has a ferrite rod 20 in a known manner. This unit consisting of antenna coil 18 and ferrite rod 20 is also referred to as the main antenna 21 in the present context.

Charakteristisch für eine solche Ferritstab-Antenne 21 ist ihre hohe Richtungsempfindlichkeit; d.h. die Empfangsverhältnisse sind am schlechtesten, wenn der lineare Ferritstab 20 in Längsrichtung auf den Standort des Senders ausgerichtet ist, während sich quer zu dieser ungünstigsten Orientierung beste Empfangsverhältnisse einstellen. Die jeweilige Induktionsspannung an der Antennenspule 18, aufgetragen über der winkelmäßigen Orientierung des Ferritstabes 20 gegenüber dem Standort eines entfernten Senders, ergibt die bekannte 8-förmige Antennencharakteristik einer einfachen Ferritstab- oder Peilantenne.Characteristic of such a ferrite rod antenna 21 is its high directional sensitivity; that is, the reception conditions are worst when the linear ferrite rod 20 is aligned longitudinally with the location of the transmitter while being transverse set the best reception conditions for this most unfavorable orientation. The respective induction voltage on the antenna coil 18, plotted against the angular orientation of the ferrite rod 20 relative to the location of a remote transmitter, results in the known 8-shaped antenna characteristic of a simple ferrite rod or DF antenna.

Wie ausgeführt ist ein solches Verhalten der in eine Funkuhr 11 eingebauten Antenne 21 aber höchst unerwünscht, weil eine solche Konsumuhr vom Benutzer nicht nach funktechnischen Überlegungen, sondern gemäß den räumlichen Gegebenheiten beispielsweise hinsichtlich des Mobiliars eines Wohnzimmer aufgestellt bzw. aufgehängt wird. Die eingebaute Antenne 21 kann dann gerade eine räumlich so ungünstige Orientierung bezüglich des Sender-Standorts aufweisen, daß Empfang und Dekodierung ungestörter Zeittelegramme nicht mehr möglich sind, also die für eine Funkuhr 11 charakteristische automatische Kontrolle und Korrektur der Zeitanzeige 13 nicht mehr gewährleistet ist.As stated, such a behavior of the antenna 21 built into a radio clock 11 is highly undesirable, because such a consumer clock is set up or hung up by the user not according to radio considerations, but in accordance with the spatial conditions, for example with regard to the furniture of a living room. The built-in antenna 21 can then have such a spatially unfavorable orientation with respect to the transmitter location that reception and decoding of undisturbed time telegrams are no longer possible, that is to say the automatic control and correction of the time display 13 which is characteristic of a radio clock 11 is no longer guaranteed.

Deshalb ist beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 der Erfindung eine zweite oder Kompensations-Antenne 22 vorgesehen, die ebenfalls mit einem auf die Sendefrequenz abgestimmten Antennenkreis 17 ausgestattet, aber nicht an den Funkempfänger 14 angeschlossen ist. Diese Kompensationsantenne 22 ist im dargestellten Beispielsfalle rechtwinkelig und seitlich versetzt (also gewissermaßen als ein Schenkel eines "L") in gewissem Abstand vor einem Stirnende des Ferritstabes 20 der Hauptantenne 21 in die Funkuhr 11 eingebaut; wobei sich die Kompensationsantenne 22 (entgegen der zeichnerischen Darstellung) keineswegs in der selben Ebene, wie die Hauptantenne 21 sich erstrecken muß und auch andere relative Lagen zur Hauptantenne einnehmen kann.Therefore, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 of the invention, a second or compensation antenna 22 is provided, which is also equipped with an antenna circuit 17 which is matched to the transmission frequency, but is not connected to the radio receiver 14. In the example shown, this compensation antenna 22 is installed at a certain distance in front of an end face of the ferrite rod 20 of the main antenna 21 at right angles and laterally offset (that is to say as a leg of an "L") in the radio clock 11; whereby the compensation antenna 22 (contrary to the drawing) is by no means in the same plane as the main antenna 21 must extend and can also take other positions relative to the main antenna.

Die Wirkung einer solchen in Gegenwart der Hauptantenne 21, schwach induktiv mit ihr verkoppelten, ebenfalls auf Resonanz abgestimmten Kompensationsantenne 22 ist eine starke Verringerung der typischen Richtcharakteristik der abgestimmten Ferritstab-Hauptantenne 21 in dem Sinne, daß die 8-förmige Antennencharakteristik der Haupt-Antenne 21 nun oval-ähnlich verformt (also in Querrichtung aufgeweitet und in Längsrichtung zusammengezogen) wird.The effect of such a compensation antenna 22 in the presence of the main antenna 21, weakly inductively coupled to it and also tuned to resonance, is a strong reduction in the typical directional characteristic of the tuned ferrite rod main antenna 21 in the sense that the 8-shaped antenna characteristic of the main antenna 21 is now oval-like deformed (ie expanded in the transverse direction and contracted in the longitudinal direction).

Versuche haben gezeigt, daß die wechselweise erfolgende Antennenabstimmung, in Gegenwart jeweils der durch die induktive Kopplung dämpfend wirkenden anderen Antenne 22 bzw. 21, auf die Sendefrequenz des Zeittelegramm-Senders eine überraschende Verbesserung der Empfangs-Charakteristik (im Sinne einer möglichst kreisförmigen Antennencharakteristik) ergibt.Experiments have shown that the alternating antenna tuning, in the presence of the other antennas 22 and 21, which have a damping effect due to the inductive coupling, results in a surprising improvement in the reception characteristic (in the sense of a circular antenna characteristic) in the transmission frequency of the time telegram transmitter .

Damit wird der Funkuhr-Empfänger 14 mit einer Antenne 21 betrieben, die angenähert die große Empfindlichkeit einer Ferritstab-Antenne 21 aufweist, aber nicht mehr mit dem Nachteil großer Empfangs-Unempfindlichkeit in Stab-Längsrichtung behaftet ist.The radio-controlled clock receiver 14 is thus operated with an antenna 21 which approximately has the high sensitivity of a ferrite rod antenna 21, but is no longer subject to the disadvantage of great insensitivity to reception in the longitudinal direction of the rod.

Da die zweite oder Kompensations-Antenne 22 ihrerseits keine Signalenergie in den Funkempfänger 14 einspeist (sondern nur zur induktiven Bedämpfung) der originären Richtungsempfindlichkeit der Hauptantenne 21 dient), kann für die Kompensationsantenne 22 ein relativ kurzer Ferritstab 23 eingesetzt werden, so daß sich kein besonderer zusätzlicher Raumbedarf für diese Antennen-Kompensationsmaßnahme in der Funkuhr 11 ergibt. Der praktische Einbau stellt schließlich auch insofern keine besonderen Probleme dar, da, wie gesagt, die Einbauebene der Kompensationsantenne 22 weitestgehend unkritisch ist, wenn auch vorzugsweise ein gewisser Abstand im Scheitelbereich der beiden quer zueinander orientierten Ferritstäbe 20-23 eingehalten bleibt. Wenn aus konstruktiven Gründen dieser Abstand verändert werden muß, kann die daraus resultierende Rückwirkung auf die Richtungsabhängigkeit der Empfindlichkeit der Hauptantenne 21 weitgehend durch eine weitere Nachstimmung jedenfalls der Hauptantenne 21 wieder kompensiert werden.Since the second or compensation antenna 22 in turn does not feed signal energy into the radio receiver 14 (but only serves to inductively attenuate the original directional sensitivity of the main antenna 21), a relatively short ferrite rod 23 can be used for the compensation antenna 22, so that no special one additional space required for this antenna compensation measure in the radio clock 11 results. Finally, the practical installation does not pose any particular problems, since, as said, the installation plane of the compensation antenna 22 is largely uncritical, although a certain distance is preferably maintained in the apex region of the two ferrite bars 20-23 oriented transversely to one another. If this distance has to be changed for design reasons, the resulting reaction to the directional dependence of the sensitivity of the main antenna 21 can be largely compensated for by further retuning of the main antenna 21.

Wenn die Richtungsempfangsempfindlichkeit der Funkuhr 11 weiter gesenkt werden soll, ist es zweckmäßig, eine Umschaltung zwischen (vgl. Fig. 2) azimutal unterschiedlich orientierten, in die Funkuhr 11 eingebauten (Haupt-)Antennen 21 vorzusehen, wie es als solches bekannt ist. In Fig. 2 ist nicht berücksichtigt, daß auch solche räumlich unterschiedlich orientierten Antennen 21 zweckmäßigerweise mit Kompensationsantennen (22 in Fig. 1) gruppiert sind, um wieder bei nur mäßigem Verlust an Empfangsempfindlichkeit ein wesentliche Steigerung des Rundum-Empfangs-Vermögens zu erzielen.If the directional reception sensitivity of the radio clock 11 is to be reduced further, it is expedient to provide a switchover between (see FIG. 2) azimuthally differently oriented (main) antennas 21 built into the radio clock 11, as is known as such. 2 does not take into account the fact that such spatially differently oriented antennas 21 are expediently grouped with compensation antennas (22 in FIG. 1) in order to again achieve a substantial increase in the all-round reception capacity with only a moderate loss of reception sensitivity.

Um bei einer Antennenumschaltung unterschiedlich wirksame Antennenkopplungen und daraus resultierendes Schwingneigen der Arbeitsweise des Funkempfängers 14 zu vermeiden, ist stets nur einer der Antennenkreise, im Beispielsfalle der Fig. 2 der Antennenkreis 17.1, wirksam. Die anderen, momentan nicht an den Funkempfänger 14 angeschlossenen Antennenkreise 17 sind entweder (wie im Falle der Schalter-Konstellation nach Fig. 2) geöffnet, oder aber (zeichnerisch nicht dargestellt) kurz- geschlossen.In order to avoid differently effective antenna couplings and the resulting tendency of the radio receiver 14 to work when an antenna is switched over, only one of the antenna circuits, in the example case of FIG. 2 the antenna circuit 17.1, is always effective. The other antenna circuits 17, which are not currently connected to the radio receiver 14, are either open (as in the case of the switch constellation according to FIG. 2) or short-circuited (not shown in the drawing).

Auf dieser Weise ist in beliebiger Stellung des Antennen-Umschalters 24 für den Funkempfänger 14 stets die schaltungstechnische Situation gemäß Fig. 1 gegeben, also der Anschluß nur einer wirksamen Antenne 21 (gegebenenfalls mit zugeordneter Kompensations-Antenne 22 gemäß Fig. 1); ohne Störungen durch weitere (Haupt-)Antennen anderer Orientierung befürchten zu müssen.In this way, in any position of the antenna switch 24 for the radio receiver 14, there is always the circuitry situation according to FIG. 1, that is to say the connection of only one effective antenna 21 (possibly with an assigned compensation antenna 22 according to FIG. 1); without having to fear interference from other (main) antennas of different orientation.

Claims (3)

  1. A radio clock (11) having at least one ferrite-rod main antenna (21), in which respect, in the event of several main antennas (21.1, 21.2, 21.3), these are aligned differently and only one of them is connected to the clock radio receiver (14), whilst the others are switched so as to be inoperative, and having an attenuation of the main antenna (21) to influence its directional receiving characteristic in the sense of a panoramic characteristic, characterised in that associated as attenuation with the or respectively with each capactively tuned main antenna (21; 21.1) is a compensating antenna (22) which is coupled in a weakly inductive manner thereto and which in each case likewise have an antenna circuit (17) which is capactively tuned for resonance but which is not connectable to the radio receiver (14) and which has in comparison with the main antenna (21) an only relatively short ferrite rod (23), which is oriented approximately transversely - in any event not parallel - to the associated main-antenna ferrite rod (20) and is arranged laterally offset at a spacing in front of the front end thereof.
  2. A radio clock according to claim 1, characterised in that the main and compensation antennas (21,22) are in each case arranged in a L-shaped manner, with a clear end spacing at the apex.
  3. A method of balancing for the main and compensation antennas (21,22) of a radio clock according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the respective antenna circuit (17) of the main and of the compensation antenna (21,22) is finely tuned for reception-frequency resonance in the presence of the other antenna (22 or 21 respectively).
EP87105252A 1986-04-19 1987-04-09 Radio controlled clock provided with a ferrite rod antenna Expired - Lifetime EP0242717B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87105252T ATE65135T1 (en) 1986-04-19 1987-04-09 REMOTE CLOCK WITH FERRITE ROD ANTENNA.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3613347 1986-04-19
DE3613347 1986-04-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0242717A2 EP0242717A2 (en) 1987-10-28
EP0242717A3 EP0242717A3 (en) 1989-03-22
EP0242717B1 true EP0242717B1 (en) 1991-07-10

Family

ID=6299123

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87105252A Expired - Lifetime EP0242717B1 (en) 1986-04-19 1987-04-09 Radio controlled clock provided with a ferrite rod antenna

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0242717B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE65135T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3771262D1 (en)
HK (1) HK79194A (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8815967U1 (en) * 1988-05-27 1989-09-21 Junghans Uhren Gmbh, 7230 Schramberg, De
DE3837148A1 (en) * 1988-11-02 1990-05-03 Massimo A Casalegno Omnidirectional antenna arrangement for time signal receivers
DE9000899U1 (en) * 1990-01-27 1991-05-23 Junghans Uhren Gmbh, 7230 Schramberg, De
DE9010813U1 (en) * 1990-07-20 1991-11-14 Junghans Uhren Gmbh, 7230 Schramberg, De
DE9111096U1 (en) * 1991-09-07 1993-01-07 Junghans Uhren Gmbh, 7230 Schramberg, De
FR2748332B1 (en) * 1996-05-02 1998-07-03 Reyser Paul RECEIVING ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR TIME SIGNALS
US8487479B2 (en) * 2008-02-24 2013-07-16 Qualcomm Incorporated Ferrite antennas for wireless power transfer

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0150155A2 (en) * 1984-01-18 1985-07-31 Hospal Industrie Artificial kidney with single needle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4155091A (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-05-15 Iec Electronics Corporation Compact omnidirectional antenna array
DE3101406A1 (en) * 1981-01-17 1983-01-05 Wolfgang Dr.-Ing. 6101 Groß-Bieberau Hilberg Automatic radio clock adjustment
DE8432848U1 (en) * 1984-11-09 1985-05-23 Gebrüder Junghans GmbH, 7230 Schramberg Radio clock with ferrite rod antenna

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0150155A2 (en) * 1984-01-18 1985-07-31 Hospal Industrie Artificial kidney with single needle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE65135T1 (en) 1991-07-15
HK79194A (en) 1994-08-19
EP0242717A2 (en) 1987-10-28
EP0242717A3 (en) 1989-03-22
DE3771262D1 (en) 1991-08-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE7140871U (en) ANTENNA FOR PORTABLE MINIATURE RADIO RECEIVER
DE3109391A1 (en) &#34;ANTENNA CIRCLE&#34;
EP0242717B1 (en) Radio controlled clock provided with a ferrite rod antenna
DE3101406A1 (en) Automatic radio clock adjustment
DE102004037637A1 (en) Receiver circuit and control method
EP1791044A1 (en) Radio-controlled timepiece and method for retrieving time information
DE974577C (en) High inductance coil antenna
DE19734265A1 (en) TV tuner
DE69722059T2 (en) Radio receiver with reduced radiation
DE3510637C2 (en)
EP1366540A1 (en) Diversity-antenna system for moving vehicles
EP0467228B1 (en) Autonomous radio updated clock
EP1716647B1 (en) Radio reception system comprising two receive antennas and two receivers that are connected thereto
DE3546471C2 (en)
CH655205A5 (en) Antenna system for a broadcast radio receiver which can be carried close to the body
DE2852129A1 (en) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL
DE3701378C2 (en)
EP0124047A2 (en) Omnidirectional reception antenna
DE669326C (en) Arrangement to achieve independent regulations in recipients
DE19818748C2 (en) TV tuner
DE4318291C2 (en) Clock radio with a remote radio clock receiver
AT160823B (en) Switching arrangement for regulating the bandwidth of band filters u. Like., In particular of heterodyne receivers.
DE102005000829B4 (en) Method and arrangement for data and / or energy transmission with interference suppression between antennas
DE2743296A1 (en) HF mobile receiver with several antennae - has antennae spaced by quarter wavelength and has changeover switch for low level operation
DE561913C (en) Vacuum tube high-frequency receiver with non-tunable antenna circuit and tunable input circuit

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890216

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900607

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 65135

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19910715

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3771262

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19910814

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 87105252.8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19950224

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19950227

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19950301

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19950321

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19950428

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19950430

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19960401

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19960409

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19960410

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19960430

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19960430

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19960430

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: JUNGHANS UHREN G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 19960430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19961101

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19961227

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19961101

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 87105252.8

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19970409

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19970409

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20000615

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050409