EP0239928A2 - Electrical heating apparatus for fluids - Google Patents

Electrical heating apparatus for fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0239928A2
EP0239928A2 EP87104432A EP87104432A EP0239928A2 EP 0239928 A2 EP0239928 A2 EP 0239928A2 EP 87104432 A EP87104432 A EP 87104432A EP 87104432 A EP87104432 A EP 87104432A EP 0239928 A2 EP0239928 A2 EP 0239928A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
electrodes
voltage source
neutral
electrode
heater
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EP87104432A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0239928A3 (en
Inventor
Maciej Mazur
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Przedsiebiorstwo Projektowania i Dostaw Kompletnych Obiektow Przemyslowych "Chemadex"
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Przedsiebiorstwo Projektowania i Dostaw Kompletnych Obiektow Przemyslowych "Chemadex"
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Publication of EP0239928A2 publication Critical patent/EP0239928A2/en
Publication of EP0239928A3 publication Critical patent/EP0239928A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/60—Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/106—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating device for liquids, in which the liquid is heated by electrical cross currents flowing between electrodes immersed in the liquid;
  • the invention relates to an electric heater for rapid heating of fillings in sugar plants.
  • Electrical heating devices for heating liquids in particular filling masses in sugar factories by means of cross currents, are known which flow through the liquid between two electrodes, one of which is grounded in the middle part of the device.
  • the second, usually ring-shaped surrounding electrode is part of the casing of the device and connected to the voltage source.
  • the space between the electrodes is filled by the liquid to be heated, through which the cross currents flow between the electrodes.
  • Devices of this type are known, for example, from: E. Hugot "Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering", 1972, pages 758 to 761 or from George P. Meade and James C.P. Chen “Cane Sugar Handbook", 1977, page 316.
  • the liquid to be heated flows through the annular gap between the two electrodes in the axial direction of the tube in the known device and is heated during this movement by the cross currents flowing between the electrodes.
  • the temperature difference between the incoming liquid and the liquid leaving the heater depends on the strength of the current flowing through the liquid to be heated, the distance between the electrodes, the flow rate of the liquid between the electrodes and the length of the electrodes, which are generally the same are long. Their length is generally 1.5 to 2 m.
  • the known heaters have relatively large dimensions.
  • the need to bring the electrodes between which the cross currents flow closer to each other in order to achieve more effective heating causes a reduction in the flow area for the liquid to be heated and thus an increase in the flow rate through the heater at constant flow rate, which forces the length of the electrodes and thus to increase the length of the entire heater.
  • the invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages and shortcomings of known heaters and to provide an electric heater for liquid, which not only has smaller dimensions, but above all a complete safety of the operator of the heater and the associated facilities and installations without guaranteed by special earth connections.
  • an electric heater for liquids in particular for fillers in the sugar industry, in the metallic housing through which the liquid to be heated flows, electrodes are arranged, some of which are connected to the voltage source and the remaining part to the earthed neutral pole of the voltage source feeding the heater is connected.
  • the metallic housing of the heater also represents its outer extreme electrode and is connected to the neutral, grounded pole of the electrical voltage source that feeds the heater.
  • a central electrode connected to the voltage source is arranged.
  • each of the electrodes connected to the grounded neutral pole of the electrical voltage source is between two electrodes connected to the voltage source and the electrodes connected to the voltage source are each between two electrodes connected to the neutral, grounded pole of the voltage source.
  • the central electrode connected to the voltage source is preferably in the form of an elongated rod.
  • the center electrodes which are arranged between the central electrode and the housing of the heater, which is the neutral electrode of the heater, which is connected to the grounded, neutral pole of the voltage source, have the form of cylinders which are open on both sides .
  • the efficiency and operational effectiveness is also increased because the division of the liquid flowing through the heater into a larger amount of partial flows flowing between the individual pairs of electrodes allows higher operating currents to be used and a larger amount of heat to be transferred to the liquid flowing through. This in turn means that the length of the heater can be shortened with maximum use of its interior.
  • a cylindrical housing 1 is connected as a neutral electrode, connected to earth at 2 and connected to the neutral pole of the supply voltage source.
  • a conical hood 3 is placed, which merges into an inflow nozzle 4, through which the liquid to be heated is supplied.
  • a conical hood 5 is attached to the lower end of the cylindrical housing 1, which merges into a drain port 6.
  • a neutral electrode 7 is arranged coaxially to the housing 1 and is connected to the housing 1 via a bracket 8.
  • the neutral electrode 7 has the shape of an elongated cylinder. It is mechanically and electrically connected to the housing 1 through the console 8, so that it is also grounded via the earth connection 2.
  • the two neutral electrodes, namely the housing 1 and the electrode 7 are preferably longer than the one located in the center and arranged on the axis of the housing 1 active electrode 10, which has the shape of an elongated rod, and longer than that between the neutral electrode 7 and the neutral outer electrode, that is the active electrode 9 in the form of an elongated cylinder located in the housing.
  • the two active electrodes ie the central electrode 10 and the cylindrical active electrode 9, are connected to the voltage source by means of supply lines 13 and are insulated from the neutral electrodes, ie the housing and the cylindrical electrode 7 by means of lead-through insulators 11 and by means of support insulators 12.
  • the heater works as follows: The liquid to be heated which is supplied via the inlet connection 4 flows between the electrodes 1, 7, 9 and 10 and is divided into individual flow branches. At right angles to this, cross currents flow between the neutral electrodes 1 and 7, which give rise to current heat as a result of the volume resistance, as a result of which the liquid is heated. The heated liquid is discharged from the heater via the drain connection 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

An electrical heating apparatus for fluids, especially for fillers in the sugar industry, consists of a metallic housing (1) which represents the neutral electrode and is connected to earth. A second, neutral electrode (7), in the shape of a longitudinal cylinder, is arranged concentrically with respect to the housing (1). In the centre of the heating apparatus there is an active electrode (10) in the shape of a longitudinal rod. Arranged concentrically thereto is a second, active electrode (9) in the shape of a longitudinal cylinder, which is electrically connected to the active electrode (10). The active electrodes are arranged alternately with respect to the neutral electrodes and are insulated therefrom, while being connected to one another and to the active pole of the electrical voltage source. The neutral electrodes (1,7) are connected to one another and to the neutral pole of the electrical voltage source. By means of the arrangement of the electrodes, the fluid flowing through the heating apparatus is split into partial flows. The transverse currents flowing from the active electrodes (9 and 10) to the neutral electrodes (1 and 7) heat the fluid which is supplied to the heating apparatus via the inlet nozzle (4) and is extracted via the outlet nozzle (6). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein elektrisches Heizgerät für Flüssigkeiten, bei dem die Flüssigkeit durch elektri­sche Querströme erhitzt wird, die zwischen in die Flüssig­keit eingetauchten Elektroden fließen; insbesondere be­zieht sich die Erfindung auf ein elektrisches Heizgerät zur schnellen Erwärmung von Füllmassen in Zuckerwerken.The invention relates to an electrical heating device for liquids, in which the liquid is heated by electrical cross currents flowing between electrodes immersed in the liquid; In particular, the invention relates to an electric heater for rapid heating of fillings in sugar plants.

Es sind elektrische Heizgeräte zur Erwärmung von Flüssig­keiten, insbesondere von Füllmassen in Zuckerfabriken mittels Querströmen bekannt, die zwischen zwei Elektroden durch die Flüssigkeit fließen, von denen die eine, im Mit­telteil der Vorrichtung befindliche Elektrode geerdet ist. Die zweite, die geerdete Elektrode meist ringförmig um­gebende Elektrode ist Bestandteil der Ummantelung der Vor­richtung und mit der Spannungsquelle verbunden. Der Raum zwischen den Elektroden wird durch die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit aufgefüllt, durch die die Querströme zwischen den Elektroden fließen. Vorrichtungen dieser Art sind bei­spielsweise bekannt aus: E. Hugot "Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering", 1972, Seiten 758 bis 761 oder aus George P. Meade und James C. P. Chen "Cane Sugar Handbook", 1977, Seite 316.Electrical heating devices for heating liquids, in particular filling masses in sugar factories by means of cross currents, are known which flow through the liquid between two electrodes, one of which is grounded in the middle part of the device. The second, usually ring-shaped surrounding electrode is part of the casing of the device and connected to the voltage source. The space between the electrodes is filled by the liquid to be heated, through which the cross currents flow between the electrodes. Devices of this type are known, for example, from: E. Hugot "Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering", 1972, pages 758 to 761 or from George P. Meade and James C.P. Chen "Cane Sugar Handbook", 1977, page 316.

Aus dem in der Zeitschrift "Listy Cukrovarnicke", Nummer 98, 1982, Seiten 200 bis 204 erschienen Artikel "Elektri­scher Widerstandserhitzer für Endprodukt-Füllmasse" ist ein Erhitzer in Form eines einfachen, geraden Isolierrohres bekannt, durch das die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit in Axial­richtung fließt. Auf einem bestimmten Abschnitt dieses Rohres, auf seiner Mantelfläche, jedoch vom Material des Rohres gut isoliert, ist eine metallische, zylindrische, mit der Spannungsquelle verbundene Elektrode angeordnet. Axial zum Isolierrohr ist auf der gleichen Höhe wie die zylindrische Außenelektrode ein metallischer Zylinder an­geordnet, dessen Durchmesser kleiner ist als der Innen­durchmesser der Außenelektrode und der mit dem Sternpunkt­leiter der Spannungsquelle verbunden ist.From the article "Electrical resistance heater for final product filling mass" which appeared in the magazine "Listy Cukrovarnicke", number 98, 1982, pages 200 to 204 a heater known in the form of a simple, straight insulating tube through which the liquid to be heated flows in the axial direction. A metallic, cylindrical electrode connected to the voltage source is arranged on a specific section of this tube, on its outer surface, but well insulated from the material of the tube. A metallic cylinder is arranged axially to the insulating tube at the same height as the cylindrical outer electrode, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer electrode and which is connected to the neutral point conductor of the voltage source.

Die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit, im vorliegenden Falle die Füllmasse, durchfließt bei der bekannten Vorrichtung den Ringspalt zwischen den beiden Elektroden in Axialrichtung des Rohres und wird während dieser Bewegung durch die zwi­schen den Elektroden fließenden Querströme erwärmt. Der Temperaturunterschied zwischen der einlaufenden und der den Erhitzer verlassenden Flüssigkeit ist von der Stärke des durch die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit fließenden Stromes, dem Abstand zwischen den Elektroden, von der Durchflußge­schwindigkeit der Flüssigkeit zwischen den Elektroden und von der Länge der Elektroden abhängig, die im allgemeinen gleich lang sind. Ihre Länge beträgt im allgemeinen 1,5 bis 2 m.The liquid to be heated, in the present case the filling compound, flows through the annular gap between the two electrodes in the axial direction of the tube in the known device and is heated during this movement by the cross currents flowing between the electrodes. The temperature difference between the incoming liquid and the liquid leaving the heater depends on the strength of the current flowing through the liquid to be heated, the distance between the electrodes, the flow rate of the liquid between the electrodes and the length of the electrodes, which are generally the same are long. Their length is generally 1.5 to 2 m.

Elektrische Erhitzer der beschriebenen Art arbeiten im Prinzip zufriedenstellend. Sie haben aber, insbesondere in der Zuckerindustrie, keine breitere Verwendung gefunden, weil nicht nur die Bedienungspersonen, sondern auch andere, mit den mit dem Erhitzer zusammenwirkenden Einrichtungen in Berührung kommende Personen infolge der Unzuverlässig­keit der diese Einrichtung erdenden Verbindungen durch Kriechströme gefährdet sind. Die Notwendigkeit, alle mit dem Erhitzer zusammenwirkenden Einrichtungen zu erden und die Funktionsfähigkeit dieser Erdverbindungen ständig zu überwachen, stellt eine bedeutende Unzulänglichkeit dar und verursacht verhältnismäßig hohe Betriebskosten des Erhitzers.In principle, electric heaters of the type described work satisfactorily. However, they have not found widespread use, particularly in the sugar industry, because not only the operators, but also other persons who come into contact with the devices interacting with the heater are at risk from leakage currents due to the unreliability of the connections to this device. The need to ground all equipment that interacts with the heater and the functionality of these earth connections is constantly increasing monitoring is a significant shortcoming and causes relatively high operating costs for the heater.

Ferner haben die bekannten Heizgeräte verhältnismäßig große Abmessungen. Die Notwendigkeit, die Elektroden zwi­schen denen die Querströme fließen, einander anzunähern, um eine wirksamere Erwärmung zu erzielen, verursacht eine Verminderung des Durchflußquerschnittes für die zu er­wärmende Flüssigkeit und somit bei konstantem Durchsatz eine Vergrößerung der Durchflußgeschwindigkeit durch den Erhitzer, was dazu zwingt, die Länge der Elektroden und somit die Länge des gesamten Heizgeräts zu vergrößern.Furthermore, the known heaters have relatively large dimensions. The need to bring the electrodes between which the cross currents flow closer to each other in order to achieve more effective heating causes a reduction in the flow area for the liquid to be heated and thus an increase in the flow rate through the heater at constant flow rate, which forces the length of the electrodes and thus to increase the length of the entire heater.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Nachteile und Mängel bekannter Heizgeräte zu beseitigen und ein elektrisches Heizgerät für Flüssigkeit zu schaffen, das nicht nur geringere Abmessungen aufweist, sondern vor allem eine vollständige Sicherheit der Bedienungspersonen des Erhitzers und der damit zusammenwirkenden Einrichtun­gen und Installationen unter Verzicht auf ihren Schutz durch spezielle Erdungsverbindungen gewährleistet.The invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages and shortcomings of known heaters and to provide an electric heater for liquid, which not only has smaller dimensions, but above all a complete safety of the operator of the heater and the associated facilities and installations without guaranteed by special earth connections.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein elektrisches Heizgerät für Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere für Füllmassen in der Zuckerindustrie gelöst, in dessen metallischem Gehäuse, durch das die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit strömt, Elektroden angeordnet sind, von denen ein Teil mit der Spannungsquelle und der restliche Teil mit dem geerdeten neutralen Pol der das Heizgerät speisenden Spannungsquelle verbunden ist. Erfindungsgemäß stellt das metallische Ge­häuse des Heizgeräts gleichzeitig seine äußere extreme Elektrode dar und ist mit dem neutralen, geerdeten Pol der das Heizgerät speisenden elektrischen Spannunsquelle verbunden. Günstigerweise ist im geometrischen Zentrum der Figur, die der Querschnitt des Gehäuses darstellt, erfindungsgemäß eine zentrale, mit der Spannungsquelle verbundene Elektrode angeordnet. Erfindungsgemäß befindet sich zwischen der zentralen und der äußeren Elektrode, die das Gehäuse des Heizgeräts darstellt, eine beliebige, ge­radzahlige Anzahl von konzentrisch rings um die zentrale Elektrode angeordneten Elektroden, die abwechselnd mit der Spannungsquelle bzw. dem geerdeten neutralen Pol der elek­trischen Spannungsquelle verbunden sind, und zwar derart, daß jede der mit dem geerdeten neutralen Pol der elektri­schen Spannungsquelle verbundenen Elektroden sich zwischen zwei mit der Spannungsquelle verbundenen Elektroden und die mit der Spannungsquelle verbundenen Elektroden sich je zwi­schen zwei mit dem neutralen, geerdeten Pol der Sapnnungs­quelle verbundenen Elektroden befindet.The object is achieved by an electric heater for liquids, in particular for fillers in the sugar industry, in the metallic housing through which the liquid to be heated flows, electrodes are arranged, some of which are connected to the voltage source and the remaining part to the earthed neutral pole of the voltage source feeding the heater is connected. According to the invention, the metallic housing of the heater also represents its outer extreme electrode and is connected to the neutral, grounded pole of the electrical voltage source that feeds the heater. Conveniently, in the geometric center of the figure, which represents the cross section of the housing, According to the invention, a central electrode connected to the voltage source is arranged. According to the invention, between the central and the outer electrode, which represents the housing of the heater, there is any desired, even number of electrodes arranged concentrically around the central electrode, which are alternately connected to the voltage source or the grounded neutral pole of the electrical voltage source, in such a way that each of the electrodes connected to the grounded neutral pole of the electrical voltage source is between two electrodes connected to the voltage source and the electrodes connected to the voltage source are each between two electrodes connected to the neutral, grounded pole of the voltage source.

Vorzugsweise hat die zentrale, mit der Spannungsquelle verbundene Elektrode die Form eines länglichen Stabes.The central electrode connected to the voltage source is preferably in the form of an elongated rod.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform haben die Mittelelektroden, die zwischen der zentralen Elektrode und dem Gehäuse des Heizgeräts angeordnet sind, das die neutrale Elektrode des Heizgeräts darstellt, die mit dem geerdeten, neutralen Pol der Spannungsquelle verbunden ist, die Form von auf beiden Seiten offenen Zylindern.In a further preferred embodiment, the center electrodes, which are arranged between the central electrode and the housing of the heater, which is the neutral electrode of the heater, which is connected to the grounded, neutral pole of the voltage source, have the form of cylinders which are open on both sides .

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung des Heizgeräts und insbesondere durch die Erdung seines Gehäuses und seiner Schaltung als neutraler, geerdeter Elektrode des Heizge­räts, können aus diesem keine Kriechströme austreten, so daß sowohl die Sicherheit des Bedienungspersonals des Heizgeräts als auch des an den damit verbundenen Einrich­tungen arbeitenden Personals gewährleistet wird, obwohl eine Störung der Erdverbindung für das Bedienungspersonal keine Gefahr bedeutet. Sie ist darüberhinaus leicht zu erkennen, weil der Betrieb des Heizgeräts sofort unter­brochen wird.Due to the inventive design of the heater and in particular by grounding its housing and its circuit as a neutral, grounded electrode of the heater, no leakage currents can escape from it, so that both the safety of the operating personnel of the heater and the personnel working on the associated equipment is guaranteed, although a fault in the earth connection does not pose any danger to the operating personnel. It is also easy to recognize because the heater operation is immediately interrupted.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Heizgerät ist auch der Wirkungs­grad und die Betriebseffektivität erhöht, weil es die Teilung der durch das Heizgerät strömenden Flüssigkeit in eine größere Menge zwischen den einzelnen Elektrodenpaaren hindurchfließender Teilströme erlaubt, höhere Betriebs­ströme anzuwenden und eine größere Wärmemenge auf die durchströmende Flüssigkeit zu übertragen. Daraus wiede­rum folgt, daß die Länge des Heizgeräts unter maximaler Ausnutzung seines Ineneren verkürzt werden kann.In the heater according to the invention, the efficiency and operational effectiveness is also increased because the division of the liquid flowing through the heater into a larger amount of partial flows flowing between the individual pairs of electrodes allows higher operating currents to be used and a larger amount of heat to be transferred to the liquid flowing through. This in turn means that the length of the heater can be shortened with maximum use of its interior.

Die Erfindung wird anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestell­ten Ausführungsbeispiels erleäutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt eines elektrischen Heizgeräts längs der Symmetrieachse und
  • Fig. 2 den Querschnitt A-A der Fig. 1.
The invention is explained with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an electric heater along the axis of symmetry and
  • 2 shows the cross section AA of FIG. 1st

Ein zylindrisches Gehäuse 1 ist als neutrale Elektrode geschaltet, bei 2 mit Erde verbunden und an den neutralen Pol der speisenden Spannungsquelle angeschlossen. Auf das obere Ende des zylindrischen Gehäuses 1 ist eine kegelför­mige Haube 3 aufgesetzt, die in einen Zuflußstutzen 4 übergeht, über den die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit zugeführt wird. Ähnlich ist an das untere Ende des zylindrischen Gehäuses 1 eine kegelförmige Haube 5 angesetzt, die in einen Ablußstutzen 6 übergeht.A cylindrical housing 1 is connected as a neutral electrode, connected to earth at 2 and connected to the neutral pole of the supply voltage source. On the upper end of the cylindrical housing 1, a conical hood 3 is placed, which merges into an inflow nozzle 4, through which the liquid to be heated is supplied. Similarly, a conical hood 5 is attached to the lower end of the cylindrical housing 1, which merges into a drain port 6.

Koaxial zum Gehäuse 1 ist eine neutrale Elektrode 7 ange­ordnet, die über eine Konsole 8 mit dem Gehäuse 1 verbun­den ist. Die neutrale Elektrode 7 hat die Form eines länglichen Zylinders. Sie ist durch die Konsole 8 mit dem Gehäuse 1 mechanisch und elektrisch verbunden, so daß sie ebenfalls über die Erdverbindung 2 geerdet ist. Die bei­den neutralen Elektroden, nämlich das Gehäuse 1 und die Elektrode 7 sind vorzugsweise länger als die im Zentrum befindliche, auf der Achse des Gehäuses 1 angeordnete aktive Elektrode 10, die die Form eines länglichen Stabes hat, und länger als die zwischen der neutralen Elektrode 7 und der neutralen Außenelektrode, das ist die im Gehäuse befindliche aktive Elektrode 9 in Form eines länglichen Zylinders. Die beiden aktiven Elektroden, d.h. die zentra­le Elektrode 10 und die zylindrische aktive Elektrode 9 sind mittels Zuführleitungen 13 mit der Spannungsquelle verbunden und von den neutralen Elektroden, d. h. dem Gehäuse und der zylindrischen Elektrode 7 mittels Durch­führungsisolatoren 11 und mittels Stützisolatoren 12, isoliert.A neutral electrode 7 is arranged coaxially to the housing 1 and is connected to the housing 1 via a bracket 8. The neutral electrode 7 has the shape of an elongated cylinder. It is mechanically and electrically connected to the housing 1 through the console 8, so that it is also grounded via the earth connection 2. The two neutral electrodes, namely the housing 1 and the electrode 7 are preferably longer than the one located in the center and arranged on the axis of the housing 1 active electrode 10, which has the shape of an elongated rod, and longer than that between the neutral electrode 7 and the neutral outer electrode, that is the active electrode 9 in the form of an elongated cylinder located in the housing. The two active electrodes, ie the central electrode 10 and the cylindrical active electrode 9, are connected to the voltage source by means of supply lines 13 and are insulated from the neutral electrodes, ie the housing and the cylindrical electrode 7 by means of lead-through insulators 11 and by means of support insulators 12.

Das Heizgerät arbeitet folgendermaßen:
Die über den Zuflußstutzen 4 zugeführte, zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit strömt zwischen den Elektroden 1, 7, 9 und 10 hindurch, wobei sie in einzelne Strömungszweige aufgeteilt wird. Quer hierzu fließen zwischen den neutralen Elektro­den 1 und 7 Querströme, die infolge des Durchgangswider­standes Stromwärme entstehen lassen, wodurch die Flüssig­keit erwärmt wird. Die erwärmte Flüssigkeit wird über den Abflußstutzen 6 aus dem Heizgerät abgeführt.The heater works as follows:
The liquid to be heated which is supplied via the inlet connection 4 flows between the electrodes 1, 7, 9 and 10 and is divided into individual flow branches. At right angles to this, cross currents flow between the neutral electrodes 1 and 7, which give rise to current heat as a result of the volume resistance, as a result of which the liquid is heated. The heated liquid is discharged from the heater via the drain connection 6.

Durch die Erdung des Gehäuses 1 und der neutralen Elektro­de 7 können aus dem Heizgerät keine Kriechströme austreten, die das Bedienungspersonal der Gefahr eines elektrischen Schlags aussetzen könnten. Störungen der Erdung 2 lassen sich dabei leicht auffinden, weil sie eine sofortige Be­triebsunterbrechung des Heizgeräts bewirken.By grounding the housing 1 and the neutral electrode 7, no leakage currents can escape from the heater, which could expose the operating personnel to the risk of an electric shock. Faults in earthing 2 are easy to find because they cause the heater to stop operating immediately.

Claims (3)

1. Elektrisches Heizgerät für Flüssigkeiten, insbeson­dere für Füllmassen, mit einem metallischen Gehäuse (1), durch das die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit hindurch­fließt, und mit Elektroden (7, 9; 1, 10), von denen ein Teil (9, 10) mit der Spannungsquelle und der rest­liche Teil (1, 7) mit dem geerdeten neutralen Pol der elektrischen Spannungsquelle verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) die äußere Elektrode des Heizgeräts darstellt und mit dem geerdeten neutra­len Pol (2) der das Heizgerät speisenden elektrischen Spannungsquelle und die zentrale Elektrode (10) mit der Spannungsquelle verbunden ist, wobei sich zwischen der zentralen Elektrode (20) und dem Gehäuse (1) eine beliebige, geradzahlige Anzahl von rings um die zen­trale Elektrode (10) konzentrisch angeordneten Elek­troden (7, 9) befindet, die mit der Spannungsquelle bzw. dem geerdeten neutralen Pol der elektrischen Spannungsquelle abwechselnd so verbunden sind, daß sich mit dem geerdeten neutralen Pol der elektri­schen Spannungsquelle verbundene Elektroden (7) zwischen mit der Spannungsquelle verbundenen Elek­troden (9, 10) und mit der Spannungsquelle verbun­dene Elektroden (9) sich zwischen zwei mit dem neutra­len geerdeten Pol der elektrischen Spannungsquelle verbundenen Elektroden (1, 7) befinden.1. Electric heater for liquids, in particular for fillings, with a metallic housing (1) through which the liquid to be heated flows, and with electrodes (7, 9; 1, 10), a part of which (9, 10) the voltage source and the remaining part (1, 7) is connected to the grounded neutral pole of the electrical voltage source, characterized in that the housing (1) represents the outer electrode of the heater and with the grounded neutral pole (2) of the heater supplying electrical voltage source and the central electrode (10) is connected to the voltage source, wherein between the central electrode (20) and the housing (1) there are any even number of electrodes (7, 7) concentrically arranged around the central electrode (10) 9) is located, which are alternately connected to the voltage source or the grounded neutral pole of the electrical voltage source so that the elec Electrical voltage source connected electrodes (7) between electrodes (9, 10) connected to the voltage source and electrodes (9) connected to the voltage source are located between two electrodes (1, 7) connected to the neutral grounded pole of the electrical voltage source. 2. Heizgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zentrale Elektrode (10) die Form eines läng­lichen Stabes hat.2. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the central electrode (10) has the shape of an elongated rod. 3. Heizgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenelektroden (7, 9) die Form von auf beiden Seiten offenen Zylindern haben.3. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate electrodes (7, 9) have the shape of cylinders open on both sides.
EP87104432A 1986-04-01 1987-03-25 Electrical heating apparatus for fluids Withdrawn EP0239928A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL25871586 1986-04-01
PL258715 1986-04-01

Publications (2)

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EP0239928A2 true EP0239928A2 (en) 1987-10-07
EP0239928A3 EP0239928A3 (en) 1988-03-02

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EP87104432A Withdrawn EP0239928A3 (en) 1986-04-01 1987-03-25 Electrical heating apparatus for fluids

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EP (1) EP0239928A3 (en)
DD (1) DD259026A5 (en)
HU (1) HUT43449A (en)
YU (1) YU56887A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2217629A (en) * 1988-01-16 1989-11-01 Merwood Ltd Pressure cooker
WO2006119440A2 (en) 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Callahan Jeremiah M Direct electric resistance liquid heater
WO2007045487A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Samuel Grega Method and device for physical heat treatment of liquid media
WO2007062432A1 (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-05-31 Miroslav Markovic Electrical effluent kettle and boiler
JP2013540977A (en) * 2010-09-10 2013-11-07 アイエスアイ・テクノロジー，リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー Liquid heater with temperature control
EP2661589A1 (en) * 2011-01-07 2013-11-13 MicroHeat Technologies Pty Ltd. Electric fluid heater and method of electrically heating fluid
CN103608101A (en) * 2011-05-04 2014-02-26 欧凯纳斯公司 Method for physically working and/or heating media, in particular liquids, and device for carrying out the method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1525998A (en) * 1921-09-10 1925-02-10 Frederick T Kaelin Electric steam generator
US1534079A (en) * 1922-05-02 1925-04-21 Andrew N Russell Electric steam generator
US1916064A (en) * 1931-11-21 1933-06-27 Frederick Schultz Jr Temperater
US4051345A (en) * 1975-09-26 1977-09-27 Milton Eaton Electrode tip for high voltage electrodes of the type utilized in high voltage boilers
FR2384412A1 (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-10-13 France Syndicat Fab Sucre Electrical heater for viscous liq. esp. sugar massecuite - uses Joule resistance effect on liq. in free fall between electrodes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1525998A (en) * 1921-09-10 1925-02-10 Frederick T Kaelin Electric steam generator
US1534079A (en) * 1922-05-02 1925-04-21 Andrew N Russell Electric steam generator
US1916064A (en) * 1931-11-21 1933-06-27 Frederick Schultz Jr Temperater
US4051345A (en) * 1975-09-26 1977-09-27 Milton Eaton Electrode tip for high voltage electrodes of the type utilized in high voltage boilers
FR2384412A1 (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-10-13 France Syndicat Fab Sucre Electrical heater for viscous liq. esp. sugar massecuite - uses Joule resistance effect on liq. in free fall between electrodes

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2217629A (en) * 1988-01-16 1989-11-01 Merwood Ltd Pressure cooker
WO2006119440A2 (en) 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Callahan Jeremiah M Direct electric resistance liquid heater
EP1878315A2 (en) * 2005-05-04 2008-01-16 Jeremiah M. Callahan Direct electric resistance liquid heater
EP1878315A4 (en) * 2005-05-04 2012-01-25 Jeremiah M Callahan Direct electric resistance liquid heater
KR101284499B1 (en) 2005-05-04 2013-07-16 아이에스아이 테크날러지, 엘엘씨 Direct electric resistance liquid heater
EP2765363A3 (en) * 2005-05-04 2014-11-26 Jeremiah M. Callahan Direct electric resistance liquid heater
WO2007045487A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Samuel Grega Method and device for physical heat treatment of liquid media
WO2007062432A1 (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-05-31 Miroslav Markovic Electrical effluent kettle and boiler
JP2013540977A (en) * 2010-09-10 2013-11-07 アイエスアイ・テクノロジー，リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー Liquid heater with temperature control
EP2661589A1 (en) * 2011-01-07 2013-11-13 MicroHeat Technologies Pty Ltd. Electric fluid heater and method of electrically heating fluid
EP2661589A4 (en) * 2011-01-07 2014-11-19 Microheat Technologies Pty Ltd Electric fluid heater and method of electrically heating fluid
CN103608101A (en) * 2011-05-04 2014-02-26 欧凯纳斯公司 Method for physically working and/or heating media, in particular liquids, and device for carrying out the method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUT43449A (en) 1987-10-28
EP0239928A3 (en) 1988-03-02
YU56887A (en) 1988-12-31
DD259026A5 (en) 1988-08-10

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