EP0239548A2 - Air diffuser for air-conditioning system for the compartments of railway carriage - Google Patents
Air diffuser for air-conditioning system for the compartments of railway carriage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0239548A2 EP0239548A2 EP87830112A EP87830112A EP0239548A2 EP 0239548 A2 EP0239548 A2 EP 0239548A2 EP 87830112 A EP87830112 A EP 87830112A EP 87830112 A EP87830112 A EP 87830112A EP 0239548 A2 EP0239548 A2 EP 0239548A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- nozzles
- mixing chamber
- compartment
- diffuser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is an air diffuser for use in an air-conditioning system for the compartments of a railway carriage suitable for transporting passengers. More particularly, the invention concerns an air diffuser for an air conditioning system comprising an air-treatment unit carried by the carriage and arranged to supply a flow of hot or cold air and a flow of hot air, respectively, to at least one primary pipe and at least one secondary pipe extending along a wall of the carriage through the compartment; an air diffuser connected to the pipes in each compartment and defining a mixing chamber which communicates permanently with the primary pipe and which can communicate with the secondary pipe in a manner controlled by electrically-operated switch means; the mixing chamber communicating with the interior of the compartment through at least one air inlet aperture and at least one outlet aperture.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an air diffuser of the type indicated above, which enables the temperature of the air in the compartment to be regulated more effectively, so as to create turbulent conditions in the compartment for eliminating or at least considerably reducing stagnation of the air and thus achieving more uniform and homogeneous distribution of the air temperature in the compartment.
- an air diffuser of the type specified above the main characteristic of which lies in the fact that the mixing chamber communicates with the primary pipe and can communicate with the secondary pipe, respectively, through first and second plurality of nozzles, preferably of the converging-diverging type, mounted in the lower part of the chamber, and in that the air inlet and outlet apertures of the mixing chamber are formed close to the outlet end of the nozzles and above the nozzles, respectively, so that, in operation, the air flow issuing from the nozzles induces an air flow from the compartment to the mixing chamber through the inlet aperture, mixes in the chamber with the induced return flow, and then diffuses into the compartment through the outlet aperture from the chamber.
- FIG. 1 the compartments of a railway carriage for the transport of passengers are schematically indicated 1.
- An air-conditioning system is provided for the compartments 1 which, in known manner, comprises an air-treatment unit 2 housed in a casing suspended beneath the carriage.
- This unit includes heating devices and a cooling system including an evaporator and, still in known manner, is arranged to supply hot or cold air to a primary pipe 3 and hot air to a secondary pipe 4.
- the pipes 3 and 4 run in parallel with each other close to the floor of the compartments 1, along the wall P of the carriage adjacent which the compartments are formed.
- each diffuser 5 is connected to the pipes 3 and 4 in each compartment 1.
- each diffuser 5 is located in the wall P of the carriage beneath the window 6 of the compartment, in the zone between the facing seats or couches 7.
- Each air diffuser 5 has an aperture in its lower part which is closed by an intake shutter 8.
- each diffuser 5 has an air outlet aperture in its upper part, provided with a grille 9.
- Each compartment 1 also has a temperature sensor 10 and a manually-operable regulating device 11 including, for example, a potentiometer.
- the sensors 10 and the regulating devices 11 for the various compartments are connected to a control unit 12 normally installed close to a vestibule of the carriage.
- This unit is connected to the air-treatment unit 2 and to actuator devices, indicated 13 in Figure 1, arranged in each diffuser 5 in the compartment 1 and intended, as will be described in greater detail below, to control the supply of hot air to the diffuser 5 through the secondary pipe 4.
- the unit 12 is arranged to control the operation of the air-treatment unit 2 so that the diffuser devices 5 of the compartment are supplied with cold or hot air through the primary pipe 3 to keep the temperature at a predetermined average value, for example, 17.5°C.
- the passengers can operate the control unit 12 by means of the regulating device 11 to cause the supply of more or less cold or hot air, so as to bring the temperature in the compartment to a value set by the passengers and to keep it at this temperature.
- the sensors 10 provide the unit 12 with signals indicative of the temperature in the compartment at any instant.
- the air diffuser according to the invention includes a flattened box-shaped body 20 having an upper aperture 20a directed essentially along the lower side of the window 6 and provided with the grille 9 already described with reference to Figure 1.
- the primary pipe 3 has a substantially L-shaped cross-section
- the secondary pipe 4 has a substantially rectangular section and is arranged in the recess of the section of the pipe 3.
- the body 20 has a lower aperture 20b parallel to and facing the upper aperture 20a.
- the body 20 is fixed to the upper face of the primary pipe 3 in correspondence with this aperture, as shown in Figure 3, and its lower aperture 20b faces three spaced-apart rectangular apertures 3a formed in the upper wall of the primary pipe 3 and illustrated in broken outline in Figure 5.
- a mixing chamber 21 Within the body 20 is a mixing chamber 21. Within this chamber, above the apertures 3a in the upper wall of the pipe 3, are three nozzles each of which is generally indicated 22 ( Figures 3 and 5). These nozzles are formed by a pair of lateral channel members 23 disposed with their respective concavities facing each other and having a width which increases gradually from the bottom to the top. Each nozzle 22 also includes a pair of. shaped plates 24 and 25 facing the channel members 23. At their roots, these plates are riveted or welded to the side walls of the channel members 23.
- the plates 24 and 25 are constituted, for example, by two sheet metal pieces and, by virtue of their relative elasticity, their upper ends can be brought closer together or moved away from each other in a manner which can be controlled accurately by means of a regulating device 26 ( Figures 3 and 6).
- This device includes a screw 27 fixed to one plate and extending through a bush 28 located in a hole in the other, and a nut 29 screwed onto the free end of the screw.
- the device 26 enables micrometric regulation of the distance between the upper portions of the plates 24 and 25 to be achieved.
- each nozzle 22 is shaped so as to define a between them a passage which, in a plane transverse the direction of the pipe 3 and 4, has a section which tapers gradually from the bottom to the top until it reaches a minimum width in a throat region before widening again upwardly.
- the channel members 23 and the shaped plates 24 and 25 of each nozzle 22 form a converging-diverging nozzle between the primary pipe 3 and the mixing chamber 21 defined in the body 20.
- each nozzle 32 also includes two facing lateral channel members. On their sides facing the compartment, the lateral walls of these channel members 33 are connected to a substantially parallelepipedal box-like body 40 ( Figures 4 and 5) fixed above the secondary pipe 4.
- Each nozzle 32 includes a shaped plate 34 of a shape similar to that of the plates 24 of the nozzles 22 and a shaped front plate 35 whose lower portion is curved and welded to the upper wall of the box-like body 40.
- the upper walls of the shaped plates 34 and 35 are held at a distance apart which can be adjusted precisely by means of a regulating device 36 similar to that described previously with reference to the nozzles 22.
- the body 40 is also made, for example, of sheet metal and, in its wall facing the nozzles 32, has two apertures 40a in correspondence with the nozzles, illustrated in broken outline in Figure 5. The interior of the body 40 communicates with the nozzles 32 through these apertures.
- Two rectangular apertures 40b are formed in the base wall of the body 40 and face corresponding apertures 4a formed in the secondary pipe 4 ( Figure 4).
- Each aperture 40b is associated with a respective obturator member 41 articulated at 42 to the base wall of the body 40.
- Mounted in the body 40 between the obturators is an electromagnet 13 the movable armature 13a of which is coupled kinematically to the obturators 41.
- the electromagnets 13 are controlled by the control unit 12, as _shown in the diagram of Figure 1.
- the energisation of the electromagnets causes the movement of the obturators 41 into the position.in which they open the basal apertures in the box-like body 40.
- the nozzles 22 are thus put into communication with the secondary pipe 4 and hot air can therefore be supplied to the mixing chamber 21 through the nozzles.
- the control unit 12 may be arranged to allow the electromagnets 13 to be controlled in a variable duty cycle to vary correspondingly the quantity of hot air taken from the secondary pipe 4 and delivered to the mixing chamber 21.
- the intake shutter 8 is fixed in the front wall of the body 20 facing the outlet ends of the nozzles 22 and 32 and the region immediately overlying the mixing chamber 21 ( Figures 3 and 4).
- This shutter includes a plurality of superposed blades 45 arranged horizontally. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the blades 45 have a curved profile with the concavity facing upwardly, and are inclined upwardly towards the mixing chamber 21.
- the air (hot or cold) from the primary pipe 3 flows to the mixing chamber 21 of the diffuser device 5 of each compartment through the nozzles 22.
- the effect of these nozzles is to speed up the flow of air into the chamber 21.
- the control unit 12 energises the electromagnets 13 so that a further flow of hot air is fed into the chamber 21 through the nozzles 32.
- the air flow issuing from the nozzles 22 and/or 32 draws an air flow from the lower region of the compartment into the mixing chamber 21 by induction through the intake shutter 8, as indicated by the arrows F in Figures 3 and 4.
- the air flow from the ' nozzles 22-32 mixes with the flow induced by induction through the grille 8 and the resulting flow proceeds upwardly to return to the compartment through the outlet grille 9 of the diffuser device 5.
- the air flow from the nozzles 22-32 thus tends to create a circulation of air within the compartment, preventing stagnation and leading to a better and more homogeneous distribution of the air temperature in the compartment.
- each diffuser device 5 is preferably removable so as to allow inspection of the nozzles 22-32.
- the outlet section of the latter may be varied by means of the regulating device 26-36 to compensate for load losses which occur along the primary and secondary pipes 3 and 4 further away from the air-treatment unit 2.
- the elongate form of the section of the nozzles 22-32 improves the action of returning the air flow from the compartment to the mixing chamber 21 and reduces noise by virtue of the modest loss of load introduced by these nozzles.
Abstract
Description
- The subject of the present invention is an air diffuser for use in an air-conditioning system for the compartments of a railway carriage suitable for transporting passengers. More particularly, the invention concerns an air diffuser for an air conditioning system comprising an air-treatment unit carried by the carriage and arranged to supply a flow of hot or cold air and a flow of hot air, respectively, to at least one primary pipe and at least one secondary pipe extending along a wall of the carriage through the compartment; an air diffuser connected to the pipes in each compartment and defining a mixing chamber which communicates permanently with the primary pipe and which can communicate with the secondary pipe in a manner controlled by electrically-operated switch means; the mixing chamber communicating with the interior of the compartment through at least one air inlet aperture and at least one outlet aperture.
- The object of the present invention is to provide an air diffuser of the type indicated above, which enables the temperature of the air in the compartment to be regulated more effectively, so as to create turbulent conditions in the compartment for eliminating or at least considerably reducing stagnation of the air and thus achieving more uniform and homogeneous distribution of the air temperature in the compartment.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by means of an air diffuser of the type specified above, the main characteristic of which lies in the fact that the mixing chamber communicates with the primary pipe and can communicate with the secondary pipe, respectively, through first and second plurality of nozzles, preferably of the converging-diverging type, mounted in the lower part of the chamber, and in that the air inlet and outlet apertures of the mixing chamber are formed close to the outlet end of the nozzles and above the nozzles, respectively, so that, in operation, the air flow issuing from the nozzles induces an air flow from the compartment to the mixing chamber through the inlet aperture, mixes in the chamber with the induced return flow, and then diffuses into the compartment through the outlet aperture from the chamber.
- Further characteristics and advantages of the diffuser according to the invention will become apparent from the detailed description which follows with reference to the appended drawings, provided purely by way of non-limiting example, in which:
- Figure 1 shows schematically an air-conditioning system for the compartments of a railway carriage,
- Figure 2 is a partially-sectioned perspective view of part of a compartment provided with a diffuser according to the invention,
- Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on the line III-III of Figure 2,
- Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on the line IV-IV of Figure 2,
- Figure 5 is a perspective view taken on the arrow V of Figure 2, showing a series of nozzles forming part of the diffuser of the invention on an enlarged scale, and Figure 6 is a section taken on the line VI-VI of Figure 5, on an enlarged scale.
- In Figure 1 the compartments of a railway carriage for the transport of passengers are schematically indicated 1. An air-conditioning system is provided for the
compartments 1 which, in known manner, comprises an air-treatment unit 2 housed in a casing suspended beneath the carriage. This unit includes heating devices and a cooling system including an evaporator and, still in known manner, is arranged to supply hot or cold air to aprimary pipe 3 and hot air to asecondary pipe 4. Thepipes compartments 1, along the wall P of the carriage adjacent which the compartments are formed. - An air diffuser, generally indicated 5, is connected to the
pipes compartment 1. In the embodiment illustrated, eachdiffuser 5 is located in the wall P of the carriage beneath thewindow 6 of the compartment, in the zone between the facing seats orcouches 7. Eachair diffuser 5 has an aperture in its lower part which is closed by anintake shutter 8. Immediately beneath thewindow 6 of the compartment, eachdiffuser 5 has an air outlet aperture in its upper part, provided with agrille 9. - Each
compartment 1 also has atemperature sensor 10 and a manually-operable regulatingdevice 11 including, for example, a potentiometer. Thesensors 10 and theregulating devices 11 for the various compartments are connected to acontrol unit 12 normally installed close to a vestibule of the carriage. This unit is connected to the air-treatment unit 2 and to actuator devices, indicated 13 in Figure 1, arranged in eachdiffuser 5 in thecompartment 1 and intended, as will be described in greater detail below, to control the supply of hot air to thediffuser 5 through thesecondary pipe 4. - In known manner, the
unit 12 is arranged to control the operation of the air-treatment unit 2 so that thediffuser devices 5 of the compartment are supplied with cold or hot air through theprimary pipe 3 to keep the temperature at a predetermined average value, for example, 17.5°C. The passengers can operate thecontrol unit 12 by means of the regulatingdevice 11 to cause the supply of more or less cold or hot air, so as to bring the temperature in the compartment to a value set by the passengers and to keep it at this temperature. Thesensors 10 provide theunit 12 with signals indicative of the temperature in the compartment at any instant. - As shown particularly in Figures 2 to 4, the air diffuser according to the invention includes a flattened box-
shaped body 20 having anupper aperture 20a directed essentially along the lower side of thewindow 6 and provided with thegrille 9 already described with reference to Figure 1. - In the embodiment illustrated, the
primary pipe 3 has a substantially L-shaped cross-section, while thesecondary pipe 4 has a substantially rectangular section and is arranged in the recess of the section of thepipe 3. - The
body 20 has alower aperture 20b parallel to and facing theupper aperture 20a. Thebody 20 is fixed to the upper face of theprimary pipe 3 in correspondence with this aperture, as shown in Figure 3, and itslower aperture 20b faces three spaced-apartrectangular apertures 3a formed in the upper wall of theprimary pipe 3 and illustrated in broken outline in Figure 5. - Within the
body 20 is amixing chamber 21. Within this chamber, above theapertures 3a in the upper wall of thepipe 3, are three nozzles each of which is generally indicated 22 (Figures 3 and 5). These nozzles are formed by a pair oflateral channel members 23 disposed with their respective concavities facing each other and having a width which increases gradually from the bottom to the top. Eachnozzle 22 also includes a pair of. shapedplates channel members 23. At their roots, these plates are riveted or welded to the side walls of thechannel members 23. Theplates screw 27 fixed to one plate and extending through abush 28 located in a hole in the other, and anut 29 screwed onto the free end of the screw. Thedevice 26 enables micrometric regulation of the distance between the upper portions of theplates pipe channel members 23 and theshaped plates nozzle 22 form a converging-diverging nozzle between theprimary pipe 3 and themixing chamber 21 defined in thebody 20. - As shown particularly in Figure 5, the
nozzles 22 connected to theprimary pipe 3 alternate withfurther nozzles 32 which bear on portions of the upper wall of theprimary pipe 3 between theapertures 3a. Thenozzles 32 do not therefore communicate with theprimary pipe 3 as shown in Figure 4. Eachnozzle 32 also includes two facing lateral channel members. On their sides facing the compartment, the lateral walls of thesechannel members 33 are connected to a substantially parallelepipedal box-like body 40 (Figures 4 and 5) fixed above thesecondary pipe 4. Eachnozzle 32 includes ashaped plate 34 of a shape similar to that of theplates 24 of thenozzles 22 and a shapedfront plate 35 whose lower portion is curved and welded to the upper wall of the box-like body 40. The upper walls of theshaped plates regulating device 36 similar to that described previously with reference to thenozzles 22. Thebody 40 is also made, for example, of sheet metal and, in its wall facing thenozzles 32, has twoapertures 40a in correspondence with the nozzles, illustrated in broken outline in Figure 5. The interior of thebody 40 communicates with thenozzles 32 through these apertures. - Two
rectangular apertures 40b are formed in the base wall of thebody 40 and facecorresponding apertures 4a formed in the secondary pipe 4 (Figure 4). Eachaperture 40b is associated with arespective obturator member 41 articulated at 42 to the base wall of thebody 40. Mounted in thebody 40 between the obturators is anelectromagnet 13 the movable armature 13a of which is coupled kinematically to theobturators 41. Theelectromagnets 13 are controlled by thecontrol unit 12, as _shown in the diagram of Figure 1. The energisation of the electromagnets causes the movement of theobturators 41 into the position.in which they open the basal apertures in the box-like body 40. In the energised condition of theelectromagnets 13, thenozzles 22 are thus put into communication with thesecondary pipe 4 and hot air can therefore be supplied to themixing chamber 21 through the nozzles. To advantage, thecontrol unit 12 may be arranged to allow theelectromagnets 13 to be controlled in a variable duty cycle to vary correspondingly the quantity of hot air taken from thesecondary pipe 4 and delivered to themixing chamber 21. - From what has been explained above, it is clear that, while the
nozzles 22 are in permanent communication with thepipe 3, thenozzles 32 are normally disconnected from thepipe 4 with which they communicate only when theelectromagnets 13 are energised. - The
intake shutter 8 is fixed in the front wall of thebody 20 facing the outlet ends of thenozzles superposed blades 45 arranged horizontally. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, theblades 45 have a curved profile with the concavity facing upwardly, and are inclined upwardly towards themixing chamber 21. - In operation, the air (hot or cold) from the
primary pipe 3 flows to themixing chamber 21 of thediffuser device 5 of each compartment through thenozzles 22. The effect of these nozzles is to speed up the flow of air into thechamber 21. If necessary, thecontrol unit 12 energises theelectromagnets 13 so that a further flow of hot air is fed into thechamber 21 through thenozzles 32. - In each compartment, the air flow issuing from the
nozzles 22 and/or 32 draws an air flow from the lower region of the compartment into themixing chamber 21 by induction through theintake shutter 8, as indicated by the arrows F in Figures 3 and 4. In thechamber 21, the air flow from the' nozzles 22-32 mixes with the flow induced by induction through thegrille 8 and the resulting flow proceeds upwardly to return to the compartment through theoutlet grille 9 of thediffuser device 5. The air flow from the nozzles 22-32 thus tends to create a circulation of air within the compartment, preventing stagnation and leading to a better and more homogeneous distribution of the air temperature in the compartment. - The
intake grille 8 of eachdiffuser device 5 is preferably removable so as to allow inspection of the nozzles 22-32. The outlet section of the latter may be varied by means of the regulating device 26-36 to compensate for load losses which occur along the primary andsecondary pipes - The elongate form of the section of the nozzles 22-32 improves the action of returning the air flow from the compartment to the mixing
chamber 21 and reduces noise by virtue of the modest loss of load introduced by these nozzles.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT6723686 | 1986-03-25 | ||
IT67236/86A IT1189629B (en) | 1986-03-25 | 1986-03-25 | AIR DIFFUSER DEVICE FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS OF THE COMPARTMENTS OF A RAILWAY CAR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0239548A2 true EP0239548A2 (en) | 1987-09-30 |
EP0239548A3 EP0239548A3 (en) | 1987-12-16 |
Family
ID=11300722
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87830112A Withdrawn EP0239548A3 (en) | 1986-03-25 | 1987-03-23 | Air diffuser for air-conditioning system for the compartments of railway carriage |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0239548A3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1189629B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2632593A1 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1989-12-15 | Faiveley Ets | AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES |
AT395136B (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1992-09-25 | Friedmann Kg Alex | Railway wagon having a heating and air conditioning system |
EP1300314A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-09 | Alstom | Device for the distribution of conditioned air in the passenger room of a railway vehicle |
US6688678B2 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-02-10 | Alfa Leisure, Inc. | Motorhome with increased interior ceiling height |
US6776451B2 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2004-08-17 | Alfa Leisure, Inc. | Motorhome HVAC system |
CN103273935A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2013-09-04 | 南车南京浦镇车辆有限公司 | Method for assembling guiding air duct for metro trains |
US20140248827A1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-04 | The Boeing Company | Aircraft Circulation System for Passenger Cabins |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH429813A (en) * | 1963-05-24 | 1967-02-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for air conditioning rail or road vehicles with a double duct arranged along the vehicle for cooled and heated fresh air |
GB1181270A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1970-02-11 | Friedmann Kg Alex | Method and Arrangement for Air Conditioning the Passenger Compartments of Vehicles |
DE1954300A1 (en) * | 1969-10-29 | 1971-05-27 | Hagenuk Neufeldt Kuhnke Gmbh | Device for regulating air heating and air conditioning systems in passenger rooms or compartments in rail or road vehicles |
US3763761A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1973-10-09 | Rohr Industries Inc | Vehicle heating and cooling mechanism |
FR2175453A5 (en) * | 1972-03-07 | 1973-10-19 | Friedmann Kg Alex | |
FR2307687A1 (en) * | 1975-04-18 | 1976-11-12 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY CARS |
FR2461606A1 (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-02-06 | Air Ind | Packet insertion equipment into freezer - has U=shaped thrusters each accommodating row travelling over horizontal surface |
-
1986
- 1986-03-25 IT IT67236/86A patent/IT1189629B/en active
-
1987
- 1987-03-23 EP EP87830112A patent/EP0239548A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH429813A (en) * | 1963-05-24 | 1967-02-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for air conditioning rail or road vehicles with a double duct arranged along the vehicle for cooled and heated fresh air |
GB1181270A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1970-02-11 | Friedmann Kg Alex | Method and Arrangement for Air Conditioning the Passenger Compartments of Vehicles |
DE1954300A1 (en) * | 1969-10-29 | 1971-05-27 | Hagenuk Neufeldt Kuhnke Gmbh | Device for regulating air heating and air conditioning systems in passenger rooms or compartments in rail or road vehicles |
FR2175453A5 (en) * | 1972-03-07 | 1973-10-19 | Friedmann Kg Alex | |
US3763761A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1973-10-09 | Rohr Industries Inc | Vehicle heating and cooling mechanism |
FR2307687A1 (en) * | 1975-04-18 | 1976-11-12 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY CARS |
FR2461606A1 (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-02-06 | Air Ind | Packet insertion equipment into freezer - has U=shaped thrusters each accommodating row travelling over horizontal surface |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT395136B (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1992-09-25 | Friedmann Kg Alex | Railway wagon having a heating and air conditioning system |
FR2632593A1 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1989-12-15 | Faiveley Ets | AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES |
EP0347300A1 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1989-12-20 | Faiveley S.A. | Air conditioning device, especially for railway vehicles |
US4935599A (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1990-06-19 | Faiveley S.A. | Air-conditioning device, especially for railroad cars |
US6688678B2 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-02-10 | Alfa Leisure, Inc. | Motorhome with increased interior ceiling height |
US6776451B2 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2004-08-17 | Alfa Leisure, Inc. | Motorhome HVAC system |
US6561893B2 (en) | 2001-10-04 | 2003-05-13 | Alstom | Device for delivering conditioned air into a passenger area of a rail vehicle |
FR2830503A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-11 | Alstom | DEVICE FOR DISPENSING CONDITIONED AIR IN A ROAD VEHICLE PASSENGER ROOM |
EP1300314A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-09 | Alstom | Device for the distribution of conditioned air in the passenger room of a railway vehicle |
US20140248827A1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-04 | The Boeing Company | Aircraft Circulation System for Passenger Cabins |
WO2014137515A1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-12 | The Boeing Company | Aircraft circulation system for passenger cabins |
EP3144225A1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2017-03-22 | The Boeing Company | Aircraft circulation system for passenger cabins |
CN103273935A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2013-09-04 | 南车南京浦镇车辆有限公司 | Method for assembling guiding air duct for metro trains |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT8667236A0 (en) | 1986-03-25 |
IT1189629B (en) | 1988-02-04 |
EP0239548A3 (en) | 1987-12-16 |
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