EP0238635B1

EP0238635B1 - Nonionic fine fabric detergent composition

Info

Publication number: EP0238635B1
Application number: EP19860906122
Authority: EP
Inventors: Allen D. Urfer; Gail M. Howell
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 1985-09-26
Filing date: 1986-09-19
Publication date: 1990-10-31
Also published as: EP0238635A4; CA1280664C; WO1987002051A1; EP0238635A1; JPS63501642A; DE3675383D1

Abstract

Substantially builder-free fine fabric detergent compositions which comprise an aqueous solution containing from about 10 to about 70 weight percent of a surfactant mixture consisting essentially of a 1:3 to about 10:1 weight ratio combination of a glycoside surfactant and an antistatic amine oxide surfactant.

Description

Background of the Invention

The present invention relates to aqueous liquid detergent compositions and to the use of same in the laundering of fabric materials in general and, in particular, to the laundering under relatively mild washing conditions of fine fabric materials such as nylon, polyester, wool, silk, and the like.
Alkyl glycoside materials such as, for example, higher alkyl monoglycosides and higher alkyl polyglycosides are known materials; are known, at least in certain circumstances, to function as nonionic surfactants; and have been suggested as being suitable for use in certain specially formulated detergent compositions. See in this regard, for example, Published European Patent Application Numbers 0070074; 0070075; 0070076; and 0070077, all of which published on January 19, 1983 as well as Published European Patent Application Numbers 0076994; 0076995; and 0075996 which published on April 6, 1983. See also Published European Patent Application Number 0105556 (published April 18, 1984) which discloses liquid detergent compositions containing anionic surfactants, alkypolyglycoside surfactants, selected nonionic surfactants and optionally also containing various other ingredients such as suds stabilizing amine oxide surfactants, detergent builder materials, and the like; Published European Patent Application Number 0106692 (published April 25, 1984) which discloses stable heavy-duty liquid detergent compositions containing a mixture of an ethoxylated fatty alcohol nonionic surfactant, an alkylpolyglycoside surfactant and a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant in conjunction with a polyethylene glycol compound and a wide variety of potential conventional laundry detergent additives; and U.S. Patent 4,493,773 (issued January 15, 1985) which discloses laundry detergent compositions which contain a conventional nonionic detergent surfactant, an alkylpolyglycoside detergent surfactant and a quaternary ammonium cationic fabric softening surfactant and which are said to be capable of including a wide variety of conventional laundry detergent additives such as relatively small amounts of detergent builders, detergency co- surfactants such as trialkyl amine oxides, solvents such as ethanol, and the like.
As is reflected within the prior art references noted above, the various glycoside surfactant-containing laundry detergent compositions suggested to date generally involve the use of said glycoside surfactant in combination with various anionic surfactant materials and/or with various conventional non-glycosidic ethoxylated nonionic surfactant materials and/or in conjunction with one or more of a variety of detergent builder ingredients.

Summary of the Invention

In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that certain especially beneficial end- use-specific glycoside surfactant-based detergent compositions can be suitably prepared by properly formulating one or more glycoside surfactants with certain antistatic amine oxide surfactants in the absence of (or at least substantially in the absence of) conventionally employed laundry detergent ingredients such as anionic surfactant ingredients, non-glycosidic ethoxylated nonionic surfactant ingredients and conventional detergent builder materials.
Thus, the present invention, in one of its aspects, is a substantially builder-free fine fabric laundry detergent composition, containing less than 10 weight percent of builder ingredients, which comprises, on a total composition weight basis:

(a) from 10 to 70 weight percent of a surfactant component which consists of a combination of a glycoside surfactant and an antistatic amine oxide surfactant selected from C_16-18 alkyl or alkenyl di (C₁-₆ lower alkyl) amine oxides, C,₆-₁, alkyl or alkenyl di (2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxides, C₁₆-₁₈ alkyl or alkenyl amidopropyl di (C_l-₆ lower alkyl) amine oxides and C_16-18 alkyl or alkenyl morpholine oxides, the weight ratio of the glycoside surfactant to the amine oxide surfactant being from 3:1 to 10:1; and
(b) from 30 to 90 weight percent water.

Another aspect of the present invention involves the use of the above-described detergent composition in a fabric laundering operation in which said detergent composition is diluted with water to normal laundry usage levels (typically about cup (1 cup = 8 US fluid ounces = 236.6 ml) of the above- stated composition in from about 5 to about 15 gallons (1 gal = 3,785 I) of wash water) and is then employed to wash or launder soiled clothing or other soiled fabric materials. More specifically stated, this latter embodiment is essentially a process for laundering soiled fabric materials, said process comprising immersing said fabric material, with at least mild agitation, in a substantially builder-free washing medium comprising, on a total washing medium weight basis, less than 200 parts per million of builder ingredients and from 200 parts per million to 1250 parts per million of a surfactant component consisting of a combination of a glycoside surfactant and the antistatic amine oxide surfactant as defined above, in a glycoside surfactant to amine oxide surfactant weight ratio of from 3:1 to 10:1.
The composition and process of the present invention are especially well suited to and beneficial for the laundering under relatively mild washing conditions (e.g., mild or gentle machine agitation or hand washing and at low or cold wash water temperature) of fine fabric materials such as silk, nylon, polyester and wool.
It is a particularly noteworthy feature or benefit of the present invention that the aforementioned antistatic amine oxide surfactant materials provide, at a given usage level of same, substantially more pronounced or enhanced antistatic control within the subject glycoside surfactant-based formulations than they do in comparable compositions wherein conventional ethoxylated alcohol nonionic surfactants are employed in place of said glycoside surfactant component.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Glycoside surfactants suitable for use in the practice of the present invention include those of the formula:
wherein R is a monovalent organic radical (e.g., a monovalent saturated aliphatic, unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic radical such as alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, hydroxyalkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkenylaryl, arylalkenyl, etc.) containing from 6 to 30 (preferably from 8 to 18 and more preferably from 9 to 13) carbon atoms; R' is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene or butylene (most preferably the unit (R'O)y represents repeating units of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or random or block combinations thereof); y is a number having an average value of from 0 to 12; Z represents a moiety derived from a reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms (most preferably a glucose unit); and x is a number having an average value of from 1 to 10 (preferably from 1.5 to 10 and more preferably from 1.5 to 5).
Glycoside surfactants of the sort mentioned above, and various preferred subgenera thereof, are described in U.S. Patent 4,483,779 to Llenado et al (issued November 20, 1984).
Glycoside surfactants suitable for use herein also include those of the Formula A above in which one or more of the normally free (i.e., unreacted hydroxyl groups of the saccharide moiety, Z, have been alkoxylated (preferably, ethoxylated or propoxylated) so as to attach one or more pendant alkoxy or poly (alkoxy) groups in place thereof. In such event, the amount of alkylene oxide (e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.) employed will typically range from 1 to 20 (preferably from 3 to 10) moles thereof per mole of saccharide moiety within the Formula A glycoside material.
In glycosides of the Formula A above, the RO(R¹0)y group is generally bonded or attached to the number 1 carbon atom of the saccharide moiety, Z. Accordingly, the free hydroxyls available for alkoxylation are typically those in the number 2, 3, 4 and 6 positions in 6-carbon atom saccharides and those in the number 2, 3 and 4 positions in 5-carbon atom saccharide species. Typically, the number 2 position hydroxyls in 5-carbon saccharides, and the number 2 and 6 position hydroxyls in 6-carbon saccharides, are substantially more reactive or susceptible to alkoxylation than those in the number 3 and 4 positions. Accordingly, alkoxylation will usually occur in the former locations in preference to the latter. Examples of the indicated alkoxylated glycoside materials, and of methodology suitable for the preparation of same are described in International Patent Application WO 86/04899 by Roth et al, published 28. Aug. 1986. Glycoside surfactants especially preferred for use herein include those of the Formula A above wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 8 to 18 (especially from 9 to 13) carbon atoms; y is zero; Z is glucose or a moiety derived therefrom; and x has an average value of from 1.5 to 5 (especially from 1.5 to 3).
Glycoside surfactants of particular interest for use in the practice of the present invention preferably have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the range of from 10 to 18 and most preferably in the range of from 12 to 14.
The amine oxide surfactants suitable for use herein are selected from:

(1) Higher alkyl or alkenyl di (lower alkyl) amine oxides in which the higher alkyl or alkenyl group is either branched or straight chain and contains from 16 to 18 carbon atoms and in which the lower alkyl group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and is preferably methyl or ethyl. Exemplary of such amine oxides are stearyl dimethyl amine oxide and mixed long chain amine oxides such as dimethyl (hydrogenated tallow) amine oxide; and the like.
(2) Higher alkyl or alkenyl di (hydroxy lower alkyl) amine oxides in which the higher alkyl or alkenyl group contains from 16 to 18 carbon atoms and wherein the hydroxy lower alkyl group is 2-hydroxyethyl such as for example, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) tallowamine oxide; bis(2-hydroxyethyl) stearylamine oxide; and the like.
(3) Higher alkyl or alkenyl amidopropyl di (lower alkyl) amine oxides in which the higher alkyl or alkenyl group has 16-18 carbon atoms and can be straight or branched chain and wherein the lower alkyl groups contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and are preferably methyl or ethyl. Examples of these latter compounds include tallowamidopropyl dimethyl amine oxide.
(4) Higher alkyl or alkenyl morpholine oxides in which the higher alkyl or alkenyl group has from 16-18 carbon atoms and is either branched or straight chain.

An especially preferred antistatic amine oxide surfactant for use herein is stearyl dimethyl amine oxide.
The total amount of surfactant ingredient employed in the compositions hereof is in the range of from 10 to 70 (preferably from 15 to 40 and most preferably from 15 to 30) weight percent on a total composition weight basis. Further (and has been noted above), said surfactant ingredient consists of a combination of a glycoside surfactant and an antistatic amine oxide surfactant in a glycoside to amine oxide weight ratio of from 3:1 to 10:1 and is preferably from 3:1 to 6:1.
The water content of the subject detergent compositions is from 30 to 90 weight percent and is preferably from 60 to 85 (and most preferably from 70 to 85) weight percent, said ranges all being stated on a total composition weight basis.
As has also been mentioned above, the compositions hereof are typically employed in actual laundering operations by diluting approximately a quarter cup (1 cup = 236.6 ml) of same with from 5 to 15 gallons (1 gallon = 3,785 I) of wash water and using same in such diluted form to launder clothing or other textile fabric articles in the usual fashion. The surfactant ingredient concentration within the diluted wash water is from 200 to 1250 ppm on a total wash water weight basis.
The manner in which the detergent compositions hereof are prepared or formulated is not particularly critical and such can be readily accomplished in any convenient fashion as may be desired in a given instance. Oftentimes, however, the aforementioned glycoside and amine oxide surfactant ingredients are conveniently prepared, purchased or otherwise obtained in the form of relatively concentrated (e.g., 40 to 80 weight percent active) aqueous solutions of same and it is therefore generally convenient to admix them together (in the desired active ingredient ratios or proportion) in that form and to thereafter dilute the resulting mixture (if and when necessary or desired) with water to the desired total active surfactant ingredient content.
In addition to the above specified surfactant ingredients and water, the compositions can optionally (and frequently will desirably) contain relatively minor amounts, typically less than 5 (more typically less than 2 and most typically less than 1) weight percent (total composition weight basis) of the usual types of non-builder, non-surfactant auxiliary ingredients as are commonly or customarily employed in conventional laundry detergent compositions such as, for example, perfumes; optical brighteners; pearlescing agents; colorants; viscosifying agents; and the like. Further, it should also be noted that while the compositions hereof are desirably "substantially free" of detergency builder ingredients, it is nonetheless contemplated that relatively minor amounts (i.e., less than 10, preferably less than 5 and most preferably less than 2, weight percent on a total composition weight basis) of builder ingredients such as alkali metal salts of citrates, phosphates, carbonates and the like can nonetheless be included therein without deviating or departing from the scope of the instantly claimed invention.
The present invention is further illustrated and understood by reference to the following working examples in which all parts and percentages are on a weight basis unless otherwise indicated.

Examples 1 and 2

In these examples, a series of fine fabric detergent compositions are prepared by dissolving a C₁₂-₁₃ alkyl polyglucoside surfactant having a degree of polymerization of about 2.5 (APG 23-3) and an amine oxide surfactant, specifically stearyl dimethyl amine oxide, in water and the resulting compositions are then evaluated for cleaning and/or static control effectiveness in the laundering of wool, polyester and nylon fabric materials.
In these examples, the total surfactant ingredient content of the compositions prepared and tested is 20 weight percent on a total composition weight basis and the APG:amine oxide ratio employed therein is as shown in Table A below.
For comparative purposes, experimental formulations are also prepared and evaluated in which there is employed as the surfactant ingredient: the APG alone; a linear alkyl ethoxylate (LAE) alone (i.e., an ethoxylated C,2_,5 fatty alcohol, 7 moles ethylene oxide per mole fatty alcohol); and the LAE in combination with the amine oxide.
The results of the cleaning and static control evaluations for these various formulations are summarized in Table A below.
In obtaining these evaluation results, the cleaning effectiveness is determined with a Tergotometer apparatus using a 10 minute wash cycle at a water temperature of 85°F (29.4°C) a water hardness of 120 ppm and an agitator speed of 75 rpm. The static electricity build-up is quantitatively determined using a Simco^O Electrostatic Locator, Model SS2 (Simco is a registered trade mark of Simco Nederland, Lochem (NL)) and is qualitatively evaluated by observing the degree of "static cling" exhibited by the laundered fabric upon removal from the dryer.
As can be seen from the results in Table A (i.e., comparing Example 1 with Control 3), the antistatic amine oxide surfactant provides notably better static control when used in conjunction with the glucoside surfactant than it does when used with the conventional ethoxylated alcohol nonionic surfactant material.

Example 3 (Control)

The procedure of Examples 1 and 2 is repeated using lauryl dimethyl amine oxide in place of the stearyl dimethyl amine oxide. Upon evaluating the antistatic effectiveness at various APG:amine oxide ratios, it is found that the lauryl dimethyl amine oxide needs to be employed at an amine oxide:APG weight ratio in excess of 1:1 (more specifically at a ratio of about 2:1) in order to achieve substantial or acceptable antistatic effectiveness.
While the present invention has been described and illustrated by reference to certain representative examples and embodiments thereof, such is not to be interpreted as in any way limiting the scope of the instantly claimed invention.

Claims

1. A substantially builder-free fine fabric laundry detergent composition, containing less than 10 weight percent of builder ingredients, which comprises, on a total composition weight basis:

(a) from 10 to 70 weight percent of a surfactant component which consists of a combination of a glycoside surfactant and an antistatic amine oxide surfactant selected from C_16-18 alkyl or alkenyl di (C₁-₆ lower alkyl) amine oxides, C_16-18 alkyl or alkenyl di (2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxides, C_16-18 alkyl or alkenyl amidopropyl di (C₁-₆ lower alkyl) amine oxides and C,₆-₁₈ alkyl or alkenyl morpholine oxides, the weight ratio of the glycoside surfactant to the amine oxide surfactant being from 3:1 to 10:1; and

(b) from 30 to 90 weight percent water.

2. The detergent composition of Claim 1 wherein the glycoside surfactant corresponds to the formula:

wherein R is a monovalent organic radical containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms; 0 is an oxygen atom; R¹ is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; y is a number having an average value of from 0 to 12; Z represents a moiety derived from a reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and x is a number having an average value of from 1 to 10.

3. The detergent composition of Claim 2 wherein, in the Formula A glycoside surfactant, R is a monovalent organic radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms; y is zero; Z is glucose or a moiety derived therefrom; and x is a number having an average value of from 1.5 to 5.

4. The detergent composition of Claim 3 wherein the antistatic amine oxide surfactant is stearyl dimethyl amine oxide.

5. The detergent composition of Claim 4 wherein the weight ratio of the glycoside surfactant to the amine oxide surfactant is from 3:1 to 6:1.

6. The detergent composition of Claim 5 wherein the surfactant component constitutes from 15 to 40 weight percent of said composition on a total weight basis.

7. A process for laundering soiled fabric materials, said process comprising immersing said fabric material, with at least mild agitation, in a substantially builder-free washing medium comprising, on a total washing medium weight basis, less than 200 parts per million of builder ingredients and from 200 parts per million to 1,250 parts per million of a surfactant component consisting of a combination of a glycoside surfactant and an antistatic amine oxide surfactant selected from C₁₆-₁₈ alkyl or alkenyl di (C₁-₆ lower alkyl) amine oxides, C₁₆-₁₈ alkyl or alkenyl di (2-hydroxy ethyl) amine oxides, C_16-18 alkyl or alkenyl amidopropyl di (C_1-6 lower alkyl) amine oxides and C_16-18 alkyl or alkenyl morpholine oxides, in a glycoside surfactant to amine oxide surfactant weight ratio of from 3:1 to 10:1.

8. The process of Claim 7 wherein the fabric material laundered thereby is a silk, nylon, polyester or wool fabric material.