EP0238191B1 - Méthode et machine pour poser automatiquement des briques sur une couche de support - Google Patents
Méthode et machine pour poser automatiquement des briques sur une couche de support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0238191B1 EP0238191B1 EP87301185A EP87301185A EP0238191B1 EP 0238191 B1 EP0238191 B1 EP 0238191B1 EP 87301185 A EP87301185 A EP 87301185A EP 87301185 A EP87301185 A EP 87301185A EP 0238191 B1 EP0238191 B1 EP 0238191B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conveyor
- brick
- bricks
- machine
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
- E04C2/042—Apparatus for handling the smaller elements or the hardenable material; bricklaying machines for prefabricated panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and machine for automatic setting of bricks on a supporting layer, as indicated in the preambles of accompanying Claims 1 and 8 and known from DE-A-2632765.
- the object of the present invention is to speed up the making of panels and to simplify the adjustment of the dimensioning of the moulds.
- the method is based on a logic-controlled system in which brick carriers fed on to the conveyor of the machine are emptied automatically and the bricks set on to the brick conveyor are directed automatically one by one into a turning device and further on to the following brick conveyor, into a row which corresponds to one transverse row in a wall panel, as seen in the manufacturing direction of the panel to be formed, i.e. one vertical row as seen in the using position.
- the formed row is transferred all at one time into a centering device which has separate centering devices for each brick space, in which the position of the brick is centered in relation to the centering devices, and in the transverse direction the distances between the centre points of the bricks become the same for all bricks.
- a pick-up device which is located above the centering device and has pick-up means for each brick space, grips the bricks, centres them in the longitudinal direction, and lowers them, in a controlled manner, on to the supporting surface such as the base of a mould, in accordance with the programmed setting pattern.
- the mould is an open mould without any compartments or partitions.
- the setting pattern can be, for example, stack bond (a straight pattern of bricks), or 1/2 running bond or 1/3 running bond.
- the logic control of the machine is given the data of the panel, i.e. the length and the height, the dimensions of the openings, and the bond.
- a certain control works only with bricks of a certain size.
- the machine works normally with lime sand and clay bricks 85 x 285 x 16-45.
- certain adjustments must be made in the machine.
- the machine can also be adjusted to work with bricks of 60mm, 75mm or any other size, in which case certain devices must be replaced.
- the machine is driven by electric, pneumatic and hydraulic devices.
- the machine has a compressor and a hydraulic mechanism, and only electric power needs to be introduced into it via a cable or conductor rails.
- the machine drawn by a hydraulic motor, moves above the mould on rails installed on both sides of the mould.
- the travel distance in the machine is measured by a pulse sensor from a measuring wheel which also moves along the rail, together with the machine.
- the control panel of the machine has switches for all of the actuating devices of the machine, and so the machine can also be controlled manually.
- the efficiency of the machine is in the order of one brick site per second.
- FIG. 1 the conveyors for brick carriers are indicated by reference numerals 1 and 2 and the crosswise conveyors by numerals 3 and 4.
- a carrier (not shown) laden with bricks is lifted to the beginning of the conveyor 1, on top of the roller chains.
- the conveyor is started and rotates until the stepping limit stops it.
- a new carrier is lifted to the beginning of the conveyor and the conveyor is restarted.
- This procedure is continued until the first carrier on the conveyor 1 reaches the end of the conveyor 1 and comes above the crosswise conveyor 3 which, lifted by a pneumatic cylinder, rises and transfers the carrier to the beginning of the next conveyor 2.
- the crosswise conveyor 3 is lowered and the carrier is left on the conveyor 2.
- the conveyor 2 conveys the carrier until the stepping limit on the conveyor stops it, whereupon the crosswise conveyor can transfer the next carrier to the beginning of the conveyor 2.
- the filling of the conveyors 1 and 2 continues in this manner until the first carrier has come under the brick take-off device 5 at the end of the conveyor 2, where the stepping limit stops the carrier.
- the first site on the conveyor 1, alongside the brick take-off 5, is, however, left vacant so that the first carrier to be unloaded can, after being emptied, be transferred to it.
- the automatic operation of the machine can be switched on and the machine begins the setting of bricks.
- the brick take-off 5 lifts from the brick carrier being unloaded one layer of bricks at a time, in total 12 bricks, which have been arranged in two rows, the long side of the bricks being parallel to the conveying direction.
- the brick take-off is made up of a suction box fitted in a carriage moving above the carrier being unloaded and the brick conveyor 6 subsequent to it.
- the bottom of the suction box has 24 suction pads, 2 suction pads for each brick.
- the vacuum of the suction pads is produced in the suction box by means of a suction fan through a pipe.
- the suction box is secured to guides which move between the rollers of the carriage and by means of which a pneumatic cylinder lifts and lowers the suction box.
- the carriage is moved on runner rolls in guides in the frame of the brick take-off 5 by a pneumatic cylinder.
- the suction box is lowered on top of the brick layer of the carrier, whereupon the bricks adhere to the suction pads.
- the suction box rises and is transferred to above the brick conveyor 6, where it is lowered only if light cells (not shown) do not indicate the presence of bricks already on the conveyor 6.
- the suction ceases, the bricks are detached and the suction box rises to fetch a new layer of bricks from the carrier.
- the suction box arrives back above the brick conveyor it waits there until the bricks have moved away from the beginning of the brick conveyor, and then lowers new bricks on to the conveyor.
- the movement of the bricks on the brick conveyor 6, which is a chain-drawn roller conveyor, is controlled by light cells.
- the bricks travel on the chain conveyor until a light cell located before the next transverse conveyor, which is a belt conveyor 8, stops them if there are bricks on the belt conveyor. If there are no bricks on the belt conveyor, the end 7 of the brick conveyor 6 is raised by pneumatic rams, and the bricks are transferred from the brick conveyor on to the belt conveyor 8, with the short side of the bricks first. The end 7 of the brick conveyor is relowered and the bricks remain on the belts.
- the bricks are fed into the brick-turning device 9, which is a rotating wheel having blades defining 12 compartments at its periphery, into each of which there is fed in turn one brick, the long side first.
- the cylinder of the turning device rotates it 30° and the next brick comes into the next compartment of the turning device. This procedure continues until there is a brick in five compartments of the turning device.
- the brick has been turned upside down and is engaged by a compartmented conveyor 10.
- the turning of the brick has been included in the setting process for the reason that, during the transfer by means of suction pads, the smooth inner surface of the brick must be upwards in order for the suction pads to adhere to the brick.
- the smooth inner side is the surface which has to be against the bottom of the mould so that the upper surface having the desired pattern will become the upper surface of the panel.
- the compartmented conveyor 10 is a conveyor driven along a closed path by a hydraulic motor, having two groups of partitions, one on the lower ram and the other on the upper ram.
- the two parallel chains of the chain track have partitions at 100mm distances. This 100mm distance corresponds to a brick 85mm wide, in which case a 15mm casting clearance is formed between the bricks.
- Each group of partitions has preferably 34 partitions.
- the conveyor has plastic slide surfaces along which the bricks move, drawn by the partitions.
- each partition gives, by means of a limit switch, an order to the turning device to rotate and thereby to lower a new brick on to the compartmented conveyor.
- the belt conveyor 8, the turning device 9 and the compartmented conveyor 10 operate synchronously in conjunction with one other.
- the upper level of the compartmented conveyor is gradually filled.
- a full run of the compartmented conveyor corresponds to a transverse row of bricks in the wall panel to be formed, i.e. a vertical row of bricks as seen in the position in which the wall panel is used.
- the limit switch is programmed to stop the turning device for the duration of one or more steps.
- the compartmented conveyor After the compartmented conveyor has been filled, it stops when the first partition reaches the limit switch at the other end of the conveyor.
- the brick row is transferred by means of pushing device 11 to the centering table 12.
- the pusher is moved on guides located at its both ends by a pneumatic cylinder across the compartmented conveyor, pushing the bricks as one row on to the centering table.
- a pneumatic cylinder across the compartmented conveyor, pushing the bricks as one row on to the centering table.
- the pusher has reached its end of travel it returns to the side of the compartmented conveyor, whereupon the stacking of a new run on the compartmented conveyor can begin.
- the bricks come between centering springs situated at 100mm distances, the distance between the centre points of the bricks being evened out and set at 100mm.
- a brick pick-up device which is made up of a row of tongs 13.
- the number of tongs corresponds to the number of bricks fitting in one row to be set, which is thirty-four for 85mm bricks.
- the jaws 14 of the tongs are closed and opened by a pneumatic cylinder.
- the tong body 15 supporting the jaws is secured to guides 16, which move in sleeves in the tong supporting frame 17.
- the lowering movement of the tongs can be limited by means of a stopper at the upper end of the guides 16 and by means of a limiter 18, which is located alongside the guides 16 and is operated by a pneumatically operated cylinder.
- the height of the limiter 18 is adjusted by means of screws at its both ends, according to the thickness of the bricks.
- the tongs 13 descend the distance determined by the limiter 18 on to the bricks, and the jaws 14 close around the bricks at the same time centering them.
- the tongs immediately rise again, whereupon the centering table 12 moves to the side and the limiter 18 of the tongs moves to its rear position thereby allowing the stopper to pass the limiter.
- the centering table 12 moves to the side and the limiter 18 of the tongs moves to its rear position thereby allowing the stopper to pass the limiter.
- the remaining tongs with bricks take the bricks into the mould and deposit them there. Thus a stacking pattern without overlap is obtained.
- All of the tongs can, of course, lower their bricks into the mould simultaneously, but this is less advantageous in terms of the pneumatic mechanism.
- the machine moves forward over the distance of a predetermined overlap between the lowerings of the tongs.
- the centering table 12 When a row of bricks has thus been set into the mould, the centering table 12 returns to a position below the tongs 13, and the brick row formed on the compartmented conveyor 10 during the lowering of the tongs is pushed on to it, while the entire machine moves to the area of the mould requiring the next row of bricks, and that next row of bricks can then be lifted by the tongs and then lowered into the mould once the centering table has moved aside.
- the machine continues setting in this manner until the panel programmed into it has been completed, and the entire machine automatically returns to start setting the next panel.
- the empty carriers are removed from the conveyor by manual control, and full carriers are also loaded by manual control.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
- Specific Conveyance Elements (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Supply And Installment Of Electrical Components (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- De-Stacking Of Articles (AREA)
Claims (26)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87301185T ATE54703T1 (de) | 1986-02-17 | 1987-02-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum automatischen setzen von ziegeln auf eine unterstuetzende lage. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI860714 | 1986-02-17 | ||
FI860714A FI77176C (fi) | 1986-02-17 | 1986-02-17 | Foerfarande och maskin foer automatisk laeggning av tegel pao ett underlag. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0238191A1 EP0238191A1 (fr) | 1987-09-23 |
EP0238191B1 true EP0238191B1 (fr) | 1990-07-18 |
Family
ID=8522184
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87301185A Expired - Lifetime EP0238191B1 (fr) | 1986-02-17 | 1987-02-11 | Méthode et machine pour poser automatiquement des briques sur une couche de support |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0238191B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE54703T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3763711D1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK165582C (fr) |
FI (1) | FI77176C (fr) |
NO (1) | NO162447C (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3933570A (en) * | 1971-04-09 | 1976-01-20 | The Thomas 1970 Trust | Panel manufacturing machine and method |
US3990934A (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1976-11-09 | Lingl Corporation | Method to construct wall panels having openings for doors and windows |
DE2632765A1 (de) * | 1976-07-21 | 1978-01-26 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren zum automatischen herstellen von wandteilen aus kunststeinen und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens |
-
1986
- 1986-02-17 FI FI860714A patent/FI77176C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-02-11 DE DE8787301185T patent/DE3763711D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-02-11 EP EP87301185A patent/EP0238191B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-11 AT AT87301185T patent/ATE54703T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-16 DK DK076487A patent/DK165582C/da active
- 1987-02-16 NO NO870601A patent/NO162447C/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI860714A (fi) | 1987-08-18 |
DK165582C (da) | 1993-05-03 |
DE3763711D1 (de) | 1990-08-23 |
NO870601D0 (no) | 1987-02-16 |
NO870601L (no) | 1987-08-18 |
ATE54703T1 (de) | 1990-08-15 |
NO162447C (no) | 1990-01-03 |
EP0238191A1 (fr) | 1987-09-23 |
NO162447B (no) | 1989-09-25 |
DK76487D0 (da) | 1987-02-16 |
FI77176B (fi) | 1988-10-31 |
FI77176C (fi) | 1989-02-10 |
DK76487A (da) | 1987-08-18 |
FI860714A0 (fi) | 1986-02-17 |
DK165582B (da) | 1992-12-21 |
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