Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1981—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
  • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters

Definitions

• This invention is directed to an anti-fouling fuel composition and to a method for using same. More specifically, the present invention is directed at a fuel composition having particular applacability in minimizing and/or preventing injector fouling in gasoline engines equipped with electronically controlled multiport fuel injectors.
• sensors disposed in the exhaust are employed to maintain the air to fuel ratio within narrow limits.
• Electronically controlled fuel injection systems offer the same performance and fuel economy benefits that would be achieved with mechanically controlled fuel injection systems and also serve to more closely regulate fuel-air mixtures to thereby enable the catalytic converter to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and simultaneously to reduce nitrogen oxides and thus meet emissions control legislation.
• Such legislation imposing as it did strict control of exhaust pollutants utimately led to the development and widespread application of new technologies such as electronic fuel injection.
• the sensor then will attempt to correct this by decreasing the amount of fuel injected into each cylinder.
• This cyclical adjustment of the fuel to air ratio ranging between too lean a mixture and too rich a mixture can at times result in poor operating performance of the vehicle.
• close tolerances in this new type of injector and concurrently higher underhood temperature also tend to enhance deposit formation resulting in poor vehicle driveability and exceeding exhaust pollutant levels set by emissions control legislation.
• a gasoline additive for reducing and/or preventing injector port fouling must be effective at low concentration, must not significantly affect the combustion characteristics of the fuel and must not foul the catalytic converter catalyst.
• U.S. Patent US-A-4,409,000 discloses combination of hydroxy amines and hydrocarbon-soluble carboxylic dispersants as engine and carburetor detergents for normally liquid fuels.
• hydroxy amines disclosed are compounds of the formula where R′ may be an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, where R2, R3, R4 and R5 each may be hydrogen and where a and b may be integers from 1 to 75.
• U.S. Patent US-A-4,231,883 discloses the use of a compound of the formula where R1 is a C12-C36 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R2 and R3 are divalent hydrocarbon radicals containing 2-4 carbon atoms and X and Y are integers from 1-4, for friction reduction in lube oils.
• Preferred compounds comprise N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyll) hydrocarbylamines.
• U.S. Patent US-A-3,387,953 is directed at the use of organo-substituted nitrogen oxides, particularly amine oxides for rust inhibition and as anti-icing agents in gasoline.
• amine oxides particularly amine oxides for rust inhibition and as anti-icing agents in gasoline.
• R1 is C6-C24 alkyl, aryl cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl
• R2 and R3 are the same or different and are C1-C24 alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or aryl, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic.
• R2 and R3 preferably comprise hydroxy substituted alkyls.
• U.S. Patent US-A-3,594,139 is directed at a rust-inhibitor concentrate that can be blended with gasoline year-round.
• This patent also discloses the use of amine oxides having the aforementioned formula for use as gasoline additives for rust prevention.
• This patent also discloses a particularly preferred concentrate comprising bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
• the amine oxides described above have been typically used to inhibit rust and carburetor icing, although these amines also were known as carburetor detergents.
• the present invention provides a fuel composition for an internal combustion engine, said fuel composition comprising:
• R1 may be C6 to C20 alkyl (e.g., C6 ⁇ 18 substituents derived from fatty acid), or alkylated aryl; and, R2 and R3 independently may be hydroxy-substituted C1 to C12 alkyl.
• the anti-fouling agent (b) may be selected from the group consisting of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) tallow amine, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) stearylamine, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) oleyl amine and mixtures thereof.
• the concentration of the anti-fouling agent (b) in the fuel may be in the range of from 2 to 200 wppm (e.g. from 16 to 100 wppm).
• the amine oxide (c) may be selected from bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide; bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) stearylamine oxide; dimethylcocoamine oxide; dimethyl hydrogenated tallow amine oxide; dimethylhexadecylamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• the concentration of the amine oxide may be in the range of from 2 to 80 ppm (e.g., from 4 to 40 ppm).
• the fuel composition may comprise a demulsifying agent (d) selected from the group consisting of:
• the concentration of the demulsifying agent (d) may be in the range of from 0.1 to 20 wppm (e.g. from 1.0 to 8.0 wppm).
• the invention also provides a method of making a fuel composition as described, which in one case, case (a), comprises adding to a fuel (e.g., gasoline) an additive concentrate comprising :
• a fuel e.g., gasoline
• an additive concentrate comprising :
• the method may comprise adding to a fuel (e.g. gasoline) a concentrate comprising :
• a fuel e.g. gasoline
• a concentrate comprising :
• the concentrate may comprise from 1 to 4 wt.% of a demulsifying agent as specified.
• the invention further provides a method of minimizing and/or preventing fuel-injector fouling in a multiport fuel-injected engine which comprises delivering to the fuel-injection system of the engine either a fuel composition as described herein or a fuel composition made by the method described herein.
• the fuel-injection system may be electronically controlled.
• the fuel-injection system may have sensor means disposed in the engine exhaust system to regulate the air to fuel ratio of the fuel and air supplied to the engine.
• a fuel composition according to the invention may comprise a fuel, such as gasoline, and :
• a fuel composition of the invention more preferably comprises :
• the preferred fuel composition also may comprise from 4 to 40 ppm of the bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
• a preferred fuel additive concentrate for internal combustion engines comprises :
• the fuel additive concentrate also may comprise from 1 to 15 wt.% of the bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
• the solvent preferably comprises an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, such as xylene, and a C4+ alcohol, preferably a C4-C12 alcohol, more preferably a C8 alcohol and most preferably a C8 oxo alcohol.
• a highly water and hydrocarbon soluble alcohol preferably isopropanol, also should be added.
• the present invention is directed at a fuel composition, a fuel (e.g. gasoline) additive package, and a method for delivering the fuel composition to a fuel injection system in which the composition has been found to be particularly effective in reducing and/or eliminating injection fouling.
• a fuel comprising :
• the amine anti-fouling agent (b) preferably is selected from the group consisting of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) stearylamine, bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) oleyl amine and mixtures thereof. These additives are prepared in accordance with known techniques, such as disclosed in US-A-2,541,678. A particularly preferred anti-fouling agent is bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine.
• the amine oxide anti-fouling agents (c) also have been found to be effective as anti-fouling agents. While these compounds may be extracted to varying degrees into any water present, these compounds also provide anti-rust properties to the fuels.
• amine oxide compounds (c) in combination with the previously described amines (b) may provide an effective anti-fouling composition also providing anti-rust properties.
• amine oxides may be prepared by well-known techniques, such as disclosed in US-A-3,387,953.
• the concentration of the amine typically will range between 2 and 200 ppm, preferably between 16 and 100 ppm, while the amine oxide concentration will range between 2 and 80 ppm, preferably between 4 and 40 ppm.
• the amine oxide typically has water present from the manufacturing process. While it is possible to remove most of the water, removal of the water to relatively low levels, e.g. a ratio of 0.02 to 0.04 of water to amine oxide, adds complexity to the manufacturing process. Therefore, the amine oxide is commercially available as a solution comprising water and a solvent, which typically is isopropyl alcohol. It has been found that when a concentrate comprising the above amine oxide solution and a solvent containing demulsifiers was admixed with gasoline and terminal tank water bottoms a three phase system resulted, two organic phases and a water phase.
• the second organic layer which has a much higher amine oxide concentration, tends to adhere to surfaces, resulting in additive loss and potential contamination of subsequent hydrocarbon products that might contact these surfaces. It has been found that replacement of a portion of the isopropanol by a higher alcohol, preferably a C4-C12 alcohol, more preferably a C8 oxo alcohol, decreases the likelihood of forming a two organic layer system. While the admixture of the amine with the amine oxide may also decrease the formation of two organic phases, it is preferred that the solvent comprise a C4-C12 alcohol as described above to further decrease the possibility of two organic phase formation.
• a concentrate utilizing both the amine and amine oxide typically also comprises 40 to 95 wt.% solvent.
• a preferred composition range is as follows:
• Comparative Examples and Examples demonstrate the utility of the anti-fouling agent in reducing and/or eliminating fuel injector fouling.
• the octane rating of the fuel utilized is the posted octane rating which is defined as: Research Octane + Motor Octane 2
• the data in Table I below show that there was still a marked reduction in fuel flow indicating that a high level of deposit was unaffected by the detergent even at the high treat rate.
• a 1985 Chrysler LeBaron equipped with a 2.2 liter turbocharged engine having electronically controlled fuel injection was driven for 2858 miles (4599.4 km) on a mileage accumulation dynamometer using a typical regular grade, 87 octane, unleaded, detergent-free gasoline.
• the driving was based on repetition of the following cycle: 30 minutes city driving, 30 minutes engine off, 30 minutes highway driving, 30 minutes engine off.
• the driveability became very poor as typified by rough idle, severe hesitation, backfire and roughness during acceleration.
• the hydrocarbon emissions measured before the catalytic converter were 804 ppm at engine idle and 725 ppm at 2500 rpm.
• the injector fouling also was measured using a pressure differential test.
• the vehicle was refueled with the same fuel except that the fuel also contained 80 ppm of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine (HECA).
• HECA bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine
• the vehicle then was driven on the following cycle: 15 minutes city driving, 30 minutes highway driving, 15 minutes city driving, 2 hours engine off. This test continued until 308 miles (495.7 km) were accumulated on the vehicle. At the end of this test period the driveability was very good.
• the hydrocarbon emissions at idle before the catalytic converter were reduced to 65 ppm and to 16 ppm at 2500 rpm.
• the emissions before the catalytic converter at idle and at 2500, rpm and the pressure differentials measured at various intervals during the clean-up driving are summarized in Table II.
• the injector flow reduction measurements are summarized in Table III.
• Example I From the data of Example I and Tables II and III, it can be seen that the use of a relatively low concentration of HECA was able to produce a significant improvement in driveability.
• the idle emissions were significantly reduced and the pressure differential and percent flow reduction of the flow injectors were returned to "as new" conditions after a relatively few miles (or km) of driving.
• the anti-fouling agent also may be of utility in other fuels, such as diesel fuel.
• anti-fouling agent may be used alone, it also may be desirable to utilize the present invention in combination with a demulsifying agent to facilitate the separation of the gasoline from any foreign substances which may be present in the distribution system, such as water and sediment.
• the water typically has a pH ranging from 7 to 13.
• a demulsifying agent for use with the anti-fouling agent preferably should be effective over this pH range.
• the following Comparative Examples and Examples demonstrate the utility of various demulsifying agents.
• the mixture then was rated considering the gasoline layer, the water layer and the interface using the rating scale set forth in Table VI below. After the ratings were completed, the gasoline level was sucked down to a level about 1/4 inch (0.635 cm) above the interface or emulsion layer without disturbing the interface or water layer. The withdrawn fuel was discarded and 100 ml of fresh gasoline was added to each bottle. The mixture was then shaken and the test repeated for the indicated number of times with the worst rating noted. The trade names of the commercially available additives utilized, the worst ratings of each mixture and the number of times the test was run are set forth in Table VII below.
• a 1985 Chrysler LeBaron equipped with a 2.2 liter turbocharged engine was driven on a mileage (i.e., distance) accumulation dynamometer using a regular grade 87 octane unleaded detergent-free fuel.
• the driving cycle to foul the injectors was 30 minutes city-type driving, 30 minutes soak, 30 minutes highway driving, 30 minutes soak.
• the engine was judged to be fouled after 2,300 miles (3701.4 km).
• This Example demonstrates the utility of using an additive comprising the combination of an amine and an amine oxide in cleaning up fouled injectors in the vehicle of Comparative Example V.
• the fuel utilized was similar to that of Comparative Example V, but further comprised 80 ppm of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine and 10 ppm of bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) cocoamine oxide.
• the driving cycle was the same as that of Example I. After 301 miles (484.4 km) of driving the driveability went from very poor to good.
• the additive package may be added to the gasoline at any point after the gasoline has been refined, i.e., the additive package can be added at the refinery or in the distribution system.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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• 1987
  • 1987-03-06 NZ NZ219531A patent/NZ219531A/xx unknown
  • 1987-03-10 CA CA000531645A patent/CA1304940C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-03-13 KR KR1019870002264A patent/KR950001710B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 1987-03-13 EP EP87302162A patent/EP0237356B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-03-13 ES ES198787302162T patent/ES2027690T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-03-13 DE DE8787302162T patent/DE3775584D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-03-13 BR BR8701169A patent/BR8701169A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-03-13 AU AU69988/87A patent/AU602330B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1987-03-14 CN CN198787101878A patent/CN87101878A/zh active Pending

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